Table 5 Staff - Numbers and Options

k lii kA I i I 'Z*.] 11 L

Architecture schools tend to be fairly small establishments when measured by number of full-time teaching staff. The average number of full-time teaching staff in each school is 18 while the range is from 3 to 52. Some schools rely on a large proportion of part-time staff who may come for periods ranging from three days to one hour per week. This is a reasonably typical pattern in architecture schools where the input of experts from other disciplines and of architectural practitioners is usually highly valued.

Schools were asked whether they undertook 'live' projects and had a teaching office. Of the 85 schools returning the questionnaire, 53 (62%) have had some definite experience of 'live' projects but only 9 (11%) reported having a teaching office. Different interpretations are placed on the term teaching office. In some places it is an architectural office which may be in the private or public sector with a liaison with a school and which accepts a formal teaching role. In other places it is regarded as an architectural practice established within an architecture school and run by staff members.

Many academics in architecture schools maintain a link with the "real" world of architectural practice thus gaining an important input for teaching. Some restrictions on staff private practice exist in most institutions. They may be in the form of "unwritten rules" or state that "practice should not interfere with teachi ng duties". Some institutions expect that part of the proceeds of private practice should be shared with the University or College.

With possible staff exchange schemes in mind a question was asked about study leave. Those countries with the most generous study leave including financial assistance are Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and South Africa. For a full staff exchange scheme to work it would be necessary to initiate an "exchange service" scheme.

NAME OF SCHOOL TEACHING STAFF DOES THE SCHOOL - PRIVATE PRACTICE STUDY LEAVE

FULL-TIME PART-TIME Are staff Type of study Countries or Schools members leave and where staff members Number Number Average hours Undertake live Have a permitted Restrictions financial would prefer to work per person, per week projects? teaching office? private practice? imposed assistance if available while on study leave

AUSTRALIA

CANBERRA CAE 17 (6 architects) Equivalent of 1 full- time person - So far, only on a limited basis No Yes Each consultancy has to be approved by Staff development leave on the basis of one year in S.E. Asia Pacific Council seven

NSW IT 24 Varies, Varies, about 50 1-6 (15-20 guests) Yes No Yes Extent of Study leave and No obvious private practice financial preference must be declared assistance and approved available by NSW IT

UNIV OF NSW 52 52 4.29 (but design Yes, in junior No Yes Private practice is undertaken Study leave available for full- Varied preferences tutors years with the time staff; 1 year average 8) approval of the after 6, or 6 months University after 3 years. Financial assistance available

UNIV OF NEWCASTLE

UNIV OF SYDNEY 14 10 2

25 43

8 (including (design) visiting 2-3 lecturers) (lecturers) Yes

Yes

QUEENSLAND IT 24 Approx. Varies, 80 5-6 studio hours is typical Yes

UNIV OF QUEENSLAND 16 43 1.47 Yes

UNIV OF ADELAIDE 13 Equivalent - of 2.86 full- time staff for Architecture & Planning together

SOUTH AUST IT 21 41 1 Yes

Yes No Yes Some

Not restrictions reported

No Yes Some

Study leave No preference. restrictions - available to full- Past experience in higher level time staff (2 mUss. U.K., Europe, consultancy for every year of U.S.A. and work preferred service). Salary Japan plus some assistance towards travel expenses paid

No Yes Some

No history of Sydney/Melbourne restrictions - exchanges but S.E. Asia the real criterion interest in U.K. is whether the possible practice interferes exchanges with teaching U.S.A.

No Yes Permission of Study leave of U.K. University is 3, 6 and 12 reths. Europe required, and duration available . North America and professional Financial assistance S.E. Asia practice should of standard not be undertaken University allowances to the detriment of academic performance

No Yes Staff are allowed Study leave No preferences to earn up to 25% available of about of their University one term every 2 salary, with any years. Salary and excess going to the all or part of University. Work travelling expenses is undertaken on paid condition that it does not interfere with teaching duties

No Yes Some No specific study U.K. restrictions leave, but Canada sabbatical leave Europe may be used for U.S.A. this purpose (with finance made available by the Institute)

NAME OF SCHOOL TEACHING STAFF DOES THE SCHOOL - PRIVATE PRACTICE STUDY LEAVE

FULL-TIME PART-TIME Are staff

Type of study Countries of Schools members leove and where staff members Number Number Average hours Undertake live' Have a permitted Restrictions financial would prefer to work per person, projects? teaching private imposed assistance if while on study per week office? practice? available leave

TASMANIAN CAR 7 2 Not (3/5th applicable fractional appointments) plus 800 hours port-time tutor funds for the year

ROYAL MELBOURNE IT 26 38 6 Yes

Yes

No Yes Must not Staff may take paid No preferences, (but interfere with "Development Leave", but some advantages

working teaching duties Some contribution to in similar "regions"

on establishing one) expenses is usually to Tasmania, e.g. made by the College Scottish Highlands, Northern Ireland, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, etc.

Yes Yes The practice Study leave English speaking must not available, but countries generally prevent or not financial impede teaching assistance duties

DEAKIN UNIV 9 12 3.5

UNIV OF MELBOURNE 22 52 Not reported

WESTERN AUST IT 21 4 2-5 Yes

Yes

Yes (Design stage only( No Yes Limited to Study leave and No particular approx. 5 hours financial assistance preference per week available

No Yes Staff may earn up Study leave No particular to 25% of their available (up to preference University 1 year in every 7). salary Short-term visits within Australia also possible

No Yes Staff can earn up Study leave Britain to 20% of their available every Europe Institute salary 6 years

UNIV OF WEST AUST 8 20 1.8 Occasionally No Yes Staff can earn up Sabbatical leave England or to 25% of their available with U.S.A. University pay salary

BANGLADESH

BANGLADESH UNIV 13 8 2 Yes No Yes Permission Study leave No preferences required from available, but University for not financial specific jobs assistance

CANADA

UNIV OF CALGARY 21 15 8

UNIV OF BC

UNIV OF MANITOBA 15 17 7

50 46 8 Yes No Yes Must not Study leave No preferences interfere with available academic responsibilities; when earnings exceed 2 mths. salary, must be reported to president

Some - No Yes 25 days/year or Study leave No specific small scale, equivalent with- available. Normal preferences demonstration out Dept. Head's University leave projects knowledge and arrangement allows approval; up to for 75% of regular 50 days/year or salary equivalent with special approval

Only in No Yes Faculty requires Normal sabbatical No special association with outside to be informed at 809/x salary preference - choice annually of staffs' is highly varied

professional outside commit-

offices or ments. If excessive,

government agencies temporary leave without pay may be arranged

NAME OF SCHOOL TEACHING STAFF DOES THE SCHOOL - PRIVATE PRACTICE STUDY LEAVE

FULL-TIME PART-TIME Are staff Type of study Countries or Schools

members

leave and where staff members Number Number Average hours Undertake "live Have a permitted Restrictions financial would prefer to work per person, per week projects? teaching office? private practice? imposed assistance if available while on study leave

NOVA SCOTIA TC 16 1 Design 9-12 Not ordinary No Yes Permission of Paid non-teaching No preferences most other architectural but runs Board of terms (4 mths.) and courses 12, projects but a Governors and paid special leave those related to 'co-op should not affect available community -erotive' staff teaching (sabbaticals). No interests program duties or travel funds unfairly compete normally except from with ordinary outside agencies practices

CARLETON UNIV 20 10 3-6 No No Yes Time Sabbatical No preferences restrictions leave available

UNIV OF TORONTO

UNIV OF WATERLOO 17 8 20

16 3 16

Yes Currently projects in co-operation with Dept of Northern Saskatchewan, Niagara Region Commission

Yes No Yes More than Study leave on Not known equivalent of 5 part-pay is normal weeks per year after 5 years outside full-time coe-unittments must be declared to Director who may request change in full- time status if necessary

No Yes None Study leave Not known available during 4 month annual non-teaching term and during sabbatical leave

McGILL UNIV 10 12 Not Community No Yes Unwritten rule Study leave No particular reported Design limiting staff available preference Workshop member to 1 day per week for private practice. Mt report activities

UNIV OF MONTREAL Equivalent of 28 Full- - time staff

UNIV LAVAL 22 Not 6-9 reported Yes No Yes Permitted to Study leave Not reported undertake private available practice in so far with finance as their academic work is not impaired

Yes Clinique Yes Must be approved Sabbatical U.K. dArchitecture by University if leave with full French speaking for community such work is to be pay, leave countries in Europe service recognised as part without pay, and elsewhere of professor's and student/ work load teacher exchange available

GHANA

UNIV OF S&T, KUMASI

GUYANA

UNIV OF GUYANA DID NOT PARTICIPATE

3 3 Not Students of Not Yes Consultancy Study leave and No preferences reported the Dept. have reported must in no way sabbatical leave been involved interfere with available at design stage the teaching on live Faculty programme projects

NAME OF SCHOOL TEACHING STAFF DOES THE SCHOOL - PRIVATE PRACTICE STUDY LEAVE

FULL-TIME PART-TIME

Are staff

Type of study Countries or Schools members leave and where staff members Number Number Average hours Undertake 'live" Have a permitted Restrictions financial would prefer to work per person, projects? teaching private imposed assistance if while on study per week office? practice? available leave

HONG KONG

UNIV OF HONG KONG 16 24 2

INDIA

Not yet No Yes Permission of Not study leave U.K. and University specifically but staff U.S.A. generally required, and are entitled to 4-5 15 hours/week mths. paid leave maximum on every 3 years in cl . private work, travelling expenses Percentage paid to place of domicile to University above $25,000

P.O.

CEPT, AHMEDABAD 12 22 9-15

Yes Sane projects jointly under- taken with School of Planning No Yes Not as long as Not available Na preferences their committment because of lock of to the School and funds. Staff are teaching programme interested however is not affected

MS UNIV OF 6 10 6 Final year level No Yes Must share part 6 weeks summer U.K. - Architectural BARODA "real felt' of the proceeds vocation. Study Association (Tropical projects under- of practice with leave, private Architecture); Univ

taken, although the University affairs leave also College London

they do not result in any execution available (Development Planning Unit). Australia - Univ of Melbourne (Tropical Architecture)

SIR JJ CA, UNIV OF BOMBAY 11 33 Not reported No Yes Yes Maximum Staff members are Varies with earnings through available to visit individual staff practice of 1500 other Schools but members Rupees per antis, no finances are 1/3 of earnings available for this are credited to purpose University

BAN DRA SA, BOMBAY DID NOT PARTICIPATE

ACAD ARCH, BOMBAY DID NOT PARTICIPATE

CHANDIGARH CA 12 1 2 periods Not very No Na - Not available No preference frequently

BENGAL ENG COL 13 10 Varies

JN TU, HYDERABAD DID NOT PARTICIPATE Yes No Yes Not more than Study leave U.S.A. 1 full day or 2 available England half days/week. Europe Not more than Japan 25% of pay

lIT, KHARAGPUR 20 39 4 hrs/ (Visiting) semester

UNIV OF MADRAS 15 16 16

VRCE, NAGPUR 14 9 3 Yes

Yes - Yes Some restrictions Leave may be U.K. odmissable but Canada no prior financial and all developing assistance countries granted

Yes Yes None Not available Commonwealth countries and U.S.A.

Yes Yes Yes Prior permission Vacations at end Not applicable, Mostly Research of the Principal of term available, except at personal problems of and Planning for every job. Leave in any other level if finance is area improvement Cell offers 50% of income form or finance is available from the city Professional above 1500 generally not Service and trains Rupees p.a. to available students in vacations be remitted

NAME OF SCHOOL TEACHING STAFF DOES THE SCHOOL - PRIVATE PRACTICE STUDY LEAVE

FULL-TIME PART-TIME Are staff

Type of study Countries or Schools members leave and where staff members Number Number Average hours Undertake live Have o permitted Restrictions financial would prefer to work per person, projects? teaching private imposed assistance if while on study per week office? practice?

I

available leave

SPA, NEW DELHI 27 25 3 Yes

No Yes Consultancy Study leave is English speaking but practice is available but has countries such as students governed by set not been used U.S.A., U.K., are of fairly Canada, Australia occasion- flexible rules and to a limited ally laid down by extent the Middle employed the Board of East and other by Governors European countries teachers

AKV, POONA 5 16 7 periods Only academically. - Yes None Staff are willing to Countries of similar of 55 minutes Most design projects work in other climatic and social each are on live sites schools, but no study conditions. and realistic leave is available. Interested in areas requirements No finance is of research also available as yet

UNIV OF ROORKEE 11 7 7-8 Yes No Yes Some restrictions Study leave Varies between permissable but staff finance not available

IRELAND

UNIV COL, DUBLIN 7 27 12-15 Yes

COL OF TECH, 20 27 DUBLIN 8

Yes generally as class projects over 3 mths No Yes Presidents Only by exchange Africa permission required arrangement. No India and earnings finance U.S.A. should not exceed available 20x/ of College earnings

No Yes Practice must not Sabbaticals are not No preferences interfere with available on a work for the regular basis and no School forward planning is possible at present

KENYA

UNIV OF NAIROBI 10 2 4 Yes No Yes None Leave is available All over the world but not funds if necessary

MALAYSIA

UTM, KUALA LUMPUR 14 25 2-3 Not Not Not - Not available - reported reported reported

ITM, SELANGOR 10 5 8 Yes Yes Yes Must be approved No sabbatical leave Any English or by Head and Dean provided for Malay speaking lecturers. Study country leave is not allowed for at present but arrangements can be made if need arises. Funds will be available

USM, PENANG 22 16 7 Not Not Not - Stuff members have No preferences reported reported reported periods of leave, but no funds are available for travel

MALTA

UNIV OF MALTA 3 2 9

Yes live projects have been carried out for Univ., Govt. & others -

limited to design No Yes Permission required Study leave Staff would like both to from Univ Council available in theory, broaden their expertise - usually given for but impossible in by working in developed high-level con- practice because of countries, and to make sultancy work but short-staffing. Could their contribution in not for routine be possible on Third World countries jobs jirnultaneous exchange

NAME OF SCHOOL TEACHING STAFF

FULL-TIME PART-TIME

Number Number Average hours per person, per week DOES THE SCHOOL - PRIVATE PRACTICE STUDY LEAVE

Undertake "1 ive" projects? Have a teaching office? Are staff members permitted private practice? Restrictions imposed Type of study leave and financial assistance if available Countries or Schools where staff members would prefer to work while on study leave

NEW ZEALAND

UNIV OF AUCKLAND 25 40 Range of 1-12, Yes No Yes Provided that such Generous study Matter of but average (but rarely (discussion practice does not leave, but staff individual 2 beyond "devel- underway in any way may not be employed preference oped design for live interfere with on salary. Arrangements stage at under- co-oper- University duties for either "exchange graduate level) ation salary" or 'exchange between service. 'Leave students without pay' to teach and elsewhere may be practices) possible

VICTORIA UNIV 14 3 OF WELLINGTON (+ numerous occasional visitors) 4 Yes Not yet Yes Large project I. Study (sabbatical) No preferences committments leave on full pay subject to Vice and travel assistance Chancellors Overseas conference approval, non- leave which could be interference extended for a brief with teaching period duties, limit to Visits could be additional arranged but host income School would be expected to meet expenses (reciprocal agreement)

NIGERIA

UNIV OF NIGERIA DID NOT PARTICIPATE

UNIV OF LAGOS 13 5

AHMADU BELLO 18 9 UNIV, ZARIA 2

1 No No Yes Special Leave and study Depends on regulations for leave granted individual interests outside periodically to committnients. every staff If allowed, 10% member of fees go to University

Yes Yes Yes Approval of Vice Study leave African countries - Chencellor available but Sudan, Ghana, required. Fees finance is hard to Uganda, Kenya, earned are split came by (sponsoring Zambia, European between staff, agencies usually countries - Great Dept., and resorted to) Britain University on 1/3 basis

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

PAPUA NEW GUINEA UT 8 0

SINGAPORE

UNIV OF SINGAPORE 16 16

SOUTH AFRICA

UNIV OF OFS 12 9

- Yes No Yes Limited to 20% 6 months study Na preference, of annual salary leave fully financed depends on individual per 3 years work interest

3

No No Yes Fees received Periods of leave U.K., Australia, (Yes, (Yes, up to max. of available but no Canada, U.S.A. formerly) formerly) 60% of total finance salary per year

12, Only in No Yes Academic work Not reported U.K. respect of to have first U.S.A. research priority

projects

NAME OF SCHOOL TEACHING STAFF DOES THE SCHOOL - PRIVATE PRACTICE STUDY LEAVE

FULL-TIME PART-TIME Are staff

Type of study Countries or Schools members leave and where staff members Number Number Average hours Undertake 'live" Have a permitted Restrictions financial would prefer to work per person, projects? teaching private imposed assistance if while on study per week office? practice? available leave

UNIV OF CAPE TOWN 12 7, but varies

UNIV OF NATAL 16 15 (temporary)

UNIV OF WITWATERSRAND 10 9 25

3-12

20 Yes No Yes, Moderation Leave and limited Any, but preference required finance available for developing areas

Na No Yes Some

Study leave Any country or restrictions available school considered

Yes No Yes Staff must Long leave every No particular apply formally 6 years. Staff preference - depends for permission would be on indivic&,ol staff to undertake encouraged to work interest work in other CAA schools during recesses between terms (2 of 3weeks, 1 of 10 weeks). Full salaries are paid during the recesses

UNIV OF PORT 17 12 ELIZABETH

UNIV OF PRETORIA 16 7 2

Not yet, No Yes 1 day per week Normal long leave U.K. York - possibly very limited activity in future allowed provided and special research Institute for Advanced that academic leave can be granted. Architectural studies programmes have Finance limited - Foreign countries preference staff depend on Lausanne, Switzerland, outside grants and Harvard, U.S.A. bursaries

lJ No No Yes 32 hours per week Study leave, but No preferences required from no finance University, the available rest of the time can be used as desired

UNITED KINGDOM

ROBERT GORDON'S IT 22 33 ABERDEEN (incl. 27 staff from other Depts)

UNIV OF BATH 20 16

UNIV OF BELFAST DID NOT PARTICIPATE 3 No No Yes Not more than Arrangements can be Canada I day per week, made for sabbatical Australia so long as it leave on a limited New Zealand does not interfere scale. Leave of Sudan with normal absence without pay teaching duties is possible

1-30 No No Yes Must not interfere Sabbaticals are No preferences with academic possible but not of duties right. No funds available

BIRMINGHAM POLY 16 11

BRIGHTON POLY 20 8 7

10

UNIV OF BRISTOL 16 No port-time - staff, visiting teaching staff only

No No Yes 30 hours committ- Study leave is Mainly U.S.A. (but ross previously, and will ment to School per available and School supply again if pressed) week leaving I day is keen to arrange per week and exchanges For a vacations for term. Little finance practice but would look at specific cases

Yes Yes Yes Not reported No specific No preferences finance is available; absent staff can only with difficulty be covered by their colleagues. In practice, this renders sabbaticals somewhat unlikely

Yes No Yes Not reported Very short of No preferences design & build resources at the indicated

projects moment

NAME OF SCHOOL TEACHING STAFF DOES THE SCHOOL - PRIVATE PRACTICE STUDY LEAVE

FULL-TIME PART-TIME Are staff Type of study Countries or Schools

members

leave and where staff members Number Number Average hours Undertake 'live' Have a permitted Restrictions financial would prefer to war per person, per week projects? teaching office private practice? imposed assistance if available while on study leave

UNIV OF CAMBRIDGE DID NOT PARTICIPATE

CANTERBURY CA 12 19 12 Yes No Yes Full-time staff Study leave European countries must work 4 available United States full slays in the but not School finance

UNIV OF WALES DID NOT PARTICIPATE

GLOUCESTER CAD 31 10

UNIV OF DUNDEE 17 Varies, 9-12

HERIOT-WATT UNIV 22 9 10

3

12 Yes A related Yes, None Only available on Depends an (with caution) office in encouraged basis of unpaid individual Landscape leave preferpnces - Architecture, but tends to be peripheral

Na No Yes No official Study leave

For East (experiment (experiment restrictions, but available but no West Indies, but terminated) terminated) priority must be direct finance would consider teaching any proposal

Yes Yes Yes No restrictions Study leave No preferences (but in provided no available abeyance impediment to during teaching duties recession)

UNIV OF EDINBURGH DID NOT PARTICIPATE

UNIV OF STRATHCLYDE 26 Occasional 3 Occasionally Yes Yes Maximum of 1/5 Study leave In past 7 years staff inputs by practitioners (in principle, of teaching time available on have worked in but currently on practice or request; various countries moribund) private research finance is not in France, America, generally Asia, Africa and available Middle East

GLASGOW UNIV DID NOT PARTICIPATE

HUDDERSFIELD POLY DID NOT PARTICIPATE

HULL COL HIGH ED 18 40 (Incl. Bldg., Civil Eng. & Env. Health) 6 Yes Not yet, Yes None No policy has yet Mainly English but planned been established speaking countries, since the College particularly those is recently formed, of the developing but it is felt world desirable

KINGSTON POLY 15 16 14 or 21 No No Yes None Not known but - assumed to be possible

LEEDS POLY Not Not reported reported

LEICESTER POLY 29 5 - Yes, until recently. Now Yes None restricted to minor projects and consultancy

Short periods No preferences - visited school expected to finance

Secondment (1 year) by special arrangement

10 Yes No Yes Minimum of No sabbatical system America, Scandinavia, 30 hours/week but it can be Mainland of Europe, must be committed arranged. Funding Africa, Asia and to the School is a problem Australasia

UNIV OF Not Not - No longer No longer Yes Subject to Study leave is No preference. LIVERPOOL reported reported University possible but Past experience in approval financial problems Malta and Africa are great at present

LIVERPOOL POLY 19 0

- Yes Yes Yes None Not available -

NAME OF SCHOOL TEACHING STAFF DOES THE SCHOOL - PRIVATE PRACTICE STUDY LEAVE

FULL-TIME PART-TIME Are staff

Type of study Countries or Schools members leave and where staff members Number Number Average hours Undertake live Have a permitted Restrictions Financial would prefer to work per person, projects? teaching private imposed assistance if while on study per week office? practice? available leave

AA, LONDON DID NOT PARTICIPATE

POLY OF NORTH 44 40 Varies, LONDON 1-18 Yes No Yes Practice should Study leave No preferences not impinge on available their contractual responsibilities

NORTH EAST 19 30 LONDON POLY average 10 Yes Not at Yes Practice must not Paid leave in term The work would be present interfere with time is normally only more important than teaching available for short the location, in most periods. Unpaid cases leave is possible

POLY OF CENTRAL 28 18 Studio - 12 No Liaison Yes At informal level Study leave U.S.A. LONDON Lectures - 1-2 with in particular, but available Canada practices minimum contract in requirements are London specific

POLY OF SOUTH BANK DID NOT PARTICIPATE

THAMES POLY 28 20 (+F/l staff from other schools) 5 No No Yes Practice must not Staff may apply for No preferences in any way sabbatical leave interfere with for study, or for College duties terminal leave to industry

UNIV COL, LONDON 34 47 1 day Rarely No Yes Should not No finance No preferences interfere in any available but indicated way with teaching private visits duties or research can be made

MANCHESTER POLY 14 4 3 or 6 Na Na Yes Must not be Only possible No preferences carried out during under sabbatical indicated hours he is required leave arrangements to be present in after 7 years service. school Numbers approved are limited by

- finance

UNIV OF MANCHESTER

UNIV OF NEWCASTLE 24 6

25 1 10

20 No No Yes By agreement Sabbatical years No established with University available, exchange preferences. Past staff possible exchanges with U.S.A. and Europe

Yes, Yes Yes, Subject to teaching Leave is available Any realistic only through encouraged duties being but there is little proposals teaching maintained money available considered office far travel and visits

UNIV OF NOTTINGHAM DID NOT PARTICIPATE

OXFORD POLY 34 16

PLYMOUTH POLY 18 20+ 9

16 Yes No Yes Not reported Staff may undertake U.S.A. visits or exchange schemes. No finance available

Yes No Yes None Staff can be Na preferences. Past it has a exchanged on short experience in Canada, staff or long term basis Nigeria, Australia, consultancy New Zealand, U.S.A. group and Europe practice in which students participate

NAME OF SCHOOL TEACHING STAFF DOES THE SCHOOL - PRIVATE PRACTICE STUDY LEAVE

FULL-TIME PART-TIME Are staff

Type of study Countries or Schools members leave and where staff members Number Number Average hours Undertake live' Have a permitted Restrictions financial would prefer to work per person, projects? teaching private imposed assistance if while on study per week office? practice? available leave

PORTSMOUTH POLY 27 18 6

No, No, Yes Staff generally are Apart from vacations Whole range of but School uses but a available to the (up to 3 months), staff Commonwealth a lot of projects consortium School for 4 days/ may take up to I mnth. countries from practice is being week. If practice paid leave & longer formed with demands more, then periods unpaid. Finance some local on apportionment is sometimes available offices of salary is For travel, but getting negotiated more difficult. Occasionally the British Council or Inter-Universities Council will help

UNIV OF SHEFFIELD DID NOT PARTICIPATE

Measured drawing of a traditional Malay house, Depart- ment of Architecture, Universiti Technologi Malaysia