ANGKOR LANGUAGE SCHOOL
Unit 7: Conditional Sentence Definition: A condition is something that has to be fulfilled before something else can happen. Conditional sentences have two parts; 1) the if clause 2) the main clause Generally the if clause expresses a condition and the main clause expresses the event or result that might or might have occurred.
There are mainly five types of conditional sentences A. Zero conditional Definition: The zero conditional expresses conditionals that are always true with automatic or habitual results. Form: If + sub + verb (present) + ………. + , sub + verb (present) + ………… Example:
- Flowers die, if you don’t water them. - If I meet you, I am happy. - I can’t sleep at night if I drink coffee. B. First conditional (type I) True in the present or future .
Definition: Conditional of this type tells us that something will happen if a certain condition is fulfilled. The condition of this type may or may not be fulfilled. Form: If + sub + verb (present) + ………. + , sub + will, shall, can, may + verb (present) + … Example:
-
If you study hard, you will get the first class. If it rains, we shall postpone our picnic. If I find the pen, I will give it to you. If your uncle arrive arrives, she may not come with you. If you hit the dog, it will bite you.
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ANGKOR LANGUAGE SCHOOL
C. Second conditional (type II) Untrue (contrary to fact) in the present or future Definition: The conditional of this type are used when we talk about something which we don’t expect to happen or which is purely imagination. Form:
If + sub + verb (past) + ... + , + sub + would, should, could, might + verb (present) +.…
Example: - If you studied hard, you would get a first class. - If I were you, I should not do that. - If you were a millionaire, how would you spend your time? - If we started now, we could be in time. D. Third conditional (type III) Untrue (contrary to fact) in the past Definition: Conditionals of this type say that something didn’t happen because a certain condition was not fulfilled. Form: If + sub + had + PP + ............+ , + sub + would, should, could, might + have+ PP + . ….. Example: - If you had studied hard, you would have got a first class. - If I had tried again, I should have succeeded. - If I had seen him, I could have saved him from drowning. - If you had left that wasp alone, It might not have stung you. D. Mixed conditional The past action affecting the present situation. Form: If + sub + had + PP + … + , + sub + would, should, could, might + verb +.. + time expression present
Example: -
If you had planned this properly, we wouldn't be in this mess now. If we had saved more money last year, we would have enough for a holiday today. If I had studied conditional last year, I would understand this lesson clearly today.
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ANGKOR LANGUAGE SCHOOL
Exercises on Conditional Sentences (Mix) Type I or Type II Decide whether the following Conditional Sentences are Type I or Type II. 1.
If they go to Australia, they will go whale-watching. Type I
2.
If she had a mobile, I would call her. Type I
3.
Type II
If she doesn't feel better tomorrow, she will see a doctor. Type I
10.
Type II
I wouldn't buy that computer if I didn't need it. Type I
9.
Type II
I will only dance if they play my favourite song. Type I
8.
Type II
If Sarah didn't go with John, Anna would try to become his girlfriend. Type I
7.
Type II
You'll live longer if you stop smoking. Type I
6.
Type II
If you move here, we will see each other more often. Type I
5.
Type II
If Bob were here, he would have a solution for our problem. Type I
4.
Type II
Type II
I'd lend you money if I had any. Type I
Type II
Exercises on Conditional Sentences (Mix) Type I, II or III 17
ANGKOR LANGUAGE SCHOOL Decide whether the following Conditional Sentences are Type I, II or II. 1.
If he had dropped the vase, it would have broken. Type I
2.
Type II
Type III
If you have to do the washing up, I will help you. Type I
3.
Type II
Type III
If I had a hammer, I'd hammer in the morning ... (song) Type I
4.
Type II
Type III
I wouldn't run away if I saw a spider. Type I
5.
Type II
Type III
We'd have given you a lift if you hadn't had your bike with you. Type I
6.
Type II
Type III
If you had listened to me, the accident wouldn't have happened. Type I
7.
Type II
Type III
If we don't get tickets for the concert, we'll stay at home. Type I
8.
Type II
Type III
They'd go by bus if they didn't have a car. Type I
9.
Type II
Type III
She'll hear us if you don't stop laughing. Type I
10.
Type II
Type III
He wouldn't have taken the bread if he hadn't been hungry. Type I
Type II
Type III
Exercises on Conditional Sentences (Mix) Type I or Type II Complete the Conditional Sentences. Decide whether to use Type I or II. 1.
If you do your homework now, we (will go, would go, went, go)_____________to the cinema in the evening.
2.
If we (order, will order, would order, ordered)_____________the book now, we will have it tomorrow.
3.
If I had more money, I (buy, would buy, will buy, bought)_______________a bigger car.
4.
If I (meet, would meet, will meet, met)_____________my favourite movie star, I would ask him for an autograph.
5.
I (call, will call, would call, called)_____________you if I need your help.
6.
I would go swimming if the weather (is, will be, would be, were)____________better.
7.
If he (doesn’t have, won’t have, wouldn’t have, didn’t have)________________time tomorrow, we will meet the day after.
8.
If I were you, I (don’t know, wouldn’t know, won’t know, didn’t know)_____________________what to do.
9.
If we don't order the tickets soon, there
any tickets left. 17
ANGKOR LANGUAGE SCHOOL 10. She
that if she were your friend.
11. If they go to Washington, they (see) 12. If she (have)
the White House.
a hamster, she would call him Fred.
13. If he gave her a sweet, she (stop) 14. If he (arrive)
crying.
later, he will take a taxi.
15. We would understand him if he (speak) 16. Andy (cook)
slowly.
dinner if we buy the food.
17. I will prepare breakfast if I (wake up)
early.
18. If they shared a room, they (fight)
all day long.
19. If you hate walking in the mountains, you (enjoy / not) 20. Janet would go jogging if she (have / not)
the tour. to do her homework.
Exercises on Conditional Sentences (Mix) Type I, II or III Complete the Conditional Sentences. Decide whether to use Type I, II or III. 1.
If I had time, I
shopping with you.
2.
If you
3.
If they had gone for a walk, they
4.
If she
5.
I would have told you, if I
6.
Would you mind if I
7.
If they
8.
My friend
9.
If I
10.
If my father
English, you will get along with them perfectly. the lights off.
to see us, we will go to the zoo. him. the window? me, I wouldn't have said no. me at the station if he gets the afternoon off. it, nobody would do it. me up, I'll take the bus home.
Exercises on Conditional Sentences (Mix) Exercise on Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III 17
ANGKOR LANGUAGE SCHOOL Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type I, II or III) by putting the verbs into the correct form. have
1.
If they (have)
time at the weekend, they will come to see us.
2.
If we sneak out quietly, nobody (notice)
3.
If we (know)
4.
If I (be)
5.
We (arrive)
6.
If I didn't have a mobile phone, my life (not / be)
7.
Okay, I (get)
8.
If I (tell)
you a secret, you would be sure to leak it.
9.
She (go)
out with you if you had only asked her.
10.
I would not have read your diary if you (not hide)
.
about your problem, we would have helped you. you, I would not buy that dress. earlier if we had not missed the bus. complete.
the popcorn if you buy the drinks.
it in such an obvious place.
English Test on Conditional Sentences Type 1, 2 and 3 Test your knowledge on Conditional Sentences. After submitting your answers, you will see how well you have done in the test.
Conditional Sentences Type I Complete the Conditional Sentences Type I.
If you (go)
I (earn)
If she (hurry / not)
out with your friends tonight, I (watch) a lot of money if I (get) , we (miss)
the football match on TV.
that job. the bus.
Conditional Sentences Type II Complete the Conditional Sentences Type II.
If he (try)
I (buy)
It (surprise / not)
harder, he (reach) these shoes if they (fit) me if he (know / not)
his goals. . the answer.
Conditional Sentences Type III Complete the Conditional Sentences Type III.
If we (listen)
to the radio, we (hear) 17
the news.
ANGKOR LANGUAGE SCHOOL
If you (switch)
She (come)
on the lights, you (fall / not)
over the chair.
to our party if she (be / not)
on holiday.
Conditional Sentences Type I, II or III Complete the Conditional Sentences with the correct form (Type I, II or III).
If I
If we'd seen you, we
If we
He would have repaired the car himself if he
If you drop the vase, it
If I hadn't studied, I
I wouldn't go to school by bus if I
If she
I
We'd be stupid if we
stronger, I'd help you carry the piano. . him tomorrow, we'll say hello. the tools. . the exam. a driving licence. him every day, she'd be lovesick. to London if I don't get a cheap flight. him about our secret.
Angkor Language School Conditional Exercises I. Decide whether the following Conditional Sentences are Type I, II or II.
11. If he had dropped the vase, it would have broken. Type I, Type II, Type III 12. If you have to do the washing up, I will help you. Type I, Type II, Type III 13. If I had a hammer, I'd hammer in the morning ... (song) Type I, Type II, Type III 14. I wouldn't run away if I saw a spider. Type I, Type II, Type III 15. We'd have given you a lift if you hadn't had your bike with you. Type I, Type II, Type III 16. If you had listened to me, the accident wouldn't have happened. Type I, Type II, Type III 17. If we don't get tickets for the concert, we'll stay at home. Type I, Type II, Type III 18. They'd go by bus if they didn't have a car. Type I, Type II, Type III 19. She'll hear us if you don't stop laughing. Type I, Type II, Type III 20.
He wouldn't have taken the bread if he hadn't been hungry. Type I, Type II, Type III
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ANGKOR LANGUAGE SCHOOL
Angkor Language School Conditional Exercises I. Decide whether the following Conditional Sentences are Type I, II or II.
21. If he had dropped the vase, it would have broken. Type I, Type II, Type III 22. If you have to do the washing up, I will help you. Type I, Type II, Type III 23. If I had a hammer, I'd hammer in the morning ... (song) Type I, Type II, Type III 24. I wouldn't run away if I saw a spider. Type I, Type II, Type III 25. We'd have given you a lift if you hadn't had your bike with you. Type I, Type II, Type III 26. If you had listened to me, the accident wouldn't have happened. Type I, Type II, Type III 27. If we don't get tickets for the concert, we'll stay at home. Type I, Type II, Type III 28. They'd go by bus if they didn't have a car. Type I, Type II, Type III 29. She'll hear us if you don't stop laughing. Type I, Type II, Type III He wouldn't have taken the bread if he hadn't been hungry. Type I, Type II, Type III
II. Complete the Conditional Sentences. Decide whether to use Type I, II or III. 1.
If I had time, I (go, goes, will go, went, had gone, would go, would have gone)_______________shopping with you.
2.
If you (speak, speaks, will speak, spoke, had spoken, would speak, would have spoken)________English, you will get along with them perfectly.
3.
If they had gone for a walk, they (turn, turns, will turn, turned, had turned, would turn, would have turned)______the lights off.
4.
If she (comes, come, will come, came, had come, would come, would have come)________to see us, we will go to the zoo. 17
ANGKOR LANGUAGE SCHOOL
5.
I would have told you, if I (sees, see, will see, saw, had seen, would see, would have seen)________________him.
6.
Would you mind if I (open, opens, will open, opened, had opened, would open, would have opened)______the window?
7.
If they (invite, invites, will invite, invited, had invited, would invit, would have invited)_________me, I wouldn't have said no.
8.
My friend (meet, meet s, will meet, met, had met, would meet, would have met____________me at the station if he gets the afternoon off.
9.
If I ( don’t do, won’t do, didn’t do, hadn’t done, would do, would have done)_____________it, nobody would do it.
10.
If my father ( don’t pick, doesn’t pick, won’t pick, didn’t pick, hadn’t picked, would pick, would have picked) ___________me up, I'll take the bus home.
II. Complete the Conditional Sentences. Decide whether to use Type I, II or III. 11.
If I had time, I (go, goes, will go, went, had gone, would go, would have gone)_______________shopping with you.
12.
If you (speak, speaks, will speak, spoke, had spoken, would speak, would have spoken)________English, you will get along with them perfectly.
13.
If they had gone for a walk, they (turn, turns, will turn, turned, had turned, would turn, would have turned)______the lights off.
14.
If she (comes, come, will come, came, had come, would come, would have come)________to see us, we will go to the zoo.
15.
I would have told you, if I (sees, see, will see, saw, had seen, would see, would have seen)________________him.
16.
Would you mind if I (open, opens, will open, opened, had opened, would open, would have opened)______the window?
17.
If they (invite, invites, will invite, invited, had invited, would invit, would have invited)_________me, I wouldn't have said no.
18.
My friend (meet, meet s, will meet, met, had met, would meet, would have met____________me at the station if he gets the afternoon off.
19.
If I ( don’t do, won’t do, didn’t do, hadn’t done, would do, would have done)_____________it, nobody would do it.
20.
If my father ( don’t pick, doesn’t pick, won’t pick, didn’t pick, hadn’t picked, would pick, would have picked) ___________me up, I'll take the bus home.
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ANGKOR LANGUAGE SCHOOL
Unit 11: Mood Definition: Mood is the mode or manner in which the action denoted by the verb is represented. I. Indicative Mood An indicative mood is a kind of mood which is used to make a statement or ask a question, and it can also be used in the first conditional. a. Statement A statement is the stating or expressing something in words. Example: - I teach English grammar every day. - My younger sister can speak English fluently. - They can dance well. b. Question A question is the form of expression in speech or writing that request an answer from someone. Example: - Can you speak English? - How long have you been here? - Why do you like to avoid meeting me? - Who can give the right answer? c. First conditional Example: -
If she loves me, I will give her everything she wants. If you love her, you can confess. If she loves you, she may come to meet you. 17
ANGKOR LANGUAGE SCHOOL
I. Imperative Mood Definition: An imperative mood is a verb which expresses a command, exhortation, an entreaty, or a prayer.
a. Command Definition: A command is a word or a sentence that is used to tell someone that he/she must do something. Example: - Give me a kiss, my dear. - Open the book. - Look before you leap. - Come here John.
b. Exhortation Definition: An exhortation is a word or sentence that is used to urge or advise someone strongly. Example: -
Study hard David. Try to do better. Be quite, please.
c. Entreaty (prayer) Definition: A prayer is a fixed form of form of words that is used in making a solemn request to God. Example: - Have a mercy on us. - Have a pity on me. I. Subjective Mood Definition: A subject mood is a verb form or a set of verb form that is used in some languages to express doubt, wishes, situation that does not actually exist. Subjunctive mood The following are the form of the subjunctive mood. Present subjunctive The verb be other verbs I be I speak we be we speak you be you speak they be they speak he be he speak
Past subjunctive The verb be other verbs I were I spoke we were I spoke you were I spoke she were I spoke they were I spoke
The subjunctive mood scarcely exists in present day English.
How to Use 1. In certain traditional phrase to express wish or hope. Ex: -
God bless you! ( I hope and pray that god will bless you) God save the king! Heaven help us
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ANGKOR LANGUAGE SCHOOL
2. In formal English, in a noun clause dependent on a verb expressing desire, intention, resolution, etc. as, I move that Mr. Gupta (should) be appointed Chairman. It is suggested that a ring road (build) be built to relieve the congestion. We recommended that the subscription (should) be increased to ten rupees. The Past Subjunctive is used 1. After the verb wish, to indicate a situation which is unreal or contrary to fact; as, I wish I know his name. (=I’m sorry I don’t know his name.) I wish I were a millionaire. She wishes the car belonged to you. 2. After if, to express improbability or unreality in the present; as, If I were you I should not do that (but I am not you. and never can be). If we started now we would be in time (but we can not start now). 3. After as if/as though, to indicate unreality or improbability ; as, He orders me about as if I were his wife (but I am not). He walks as though he were drunk (but he is not). 4. After “ if only” to indicate a wish or regret; as, Example: - If only they were my children. - If only she slept here tonight. - If only he smoked the grass smoke.
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