Biología secundaria 4º

Saber clave Recursos para el docente

BIOLOGÍA El intercambio de materia y energía en el ser humano, en las células y en los ecosistemas María Gabriela Barderi Ricardo Franco Elina I. Godoy María Cristina Iglesias Celia E. Iudica Pablo A. Otero Hilda C. Suárez ES

4.º año

BIOLOGĂ?A

EL INTERCAMBIO DE MATERIA Y ENERG�A EN EL SER HUMANO, EN LAS CÉLULAS Y EN LOS ECOSISTEMAS

Saberes clave

RECURSOS PARA EL DOCENTE BIOLOG�A. EL INTERCAMBIO DE MATERIA Y ENERG�A EN EL SER HUMANO, EN LAS CÉLULAS Y EN LOS ECOSISTEMAS - Recursos para el docente es una obra colectiva, creada y diseùada en el Departamento Editorial de Ediciones Santillana S. A., bajo la dirección de Graciela PÊrez de Lois por el siguiente equipo: María Gabriela Barderi Ricardo Franco Elina I. Godoy María Cristina Iglesias Celia E. Iudica Pablo A. Otero Hilda C. Suårez Editora: María Gabriela Barderi Editora sÊnior: Edith Morales Gerencia de gestión editorial: Mónica Pavicich

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BiologĂ­a : el intercambio de materia y energĂ­a en el ser humano, en las cĂŠlulas y en los ecosistemas : recursos para el docente / MarĂ­a Gabriela Barderi ... [et.al.]. 1a ed. - Buenos Aires : Santillana, 2010.

32 p. ; 28x22 cm. - (Saberes clave) ISBN 978-950-46-2298-7 1. BiologĂ­a. 2. EnseĂąanza Secundaria. 3. Libros de Texto. I. Barderi, MarĂ­a Gabriela CDD 570.712

Recursos para la planificación 2

Capítulo La esencia de la ciencia

1

Los seres vivos como sistemas abiertos

Contenidos

Estrategias didácticas

Expectativas de logro

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© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

2

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3

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La digestiรณn y la respiraciรณn en el ser humano

La circulaciรณn y la excreciรณn en el ser humano

3

Recursos para la planificación 4

Capítulo

4

Alimentación y salud

5

Transformaciones de la materia y la energía en las células

Contenidos

Estrategias didácticas

Expectativas de logro

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© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

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La obtenciรณn y la utilizaciรณn de nutrientes en la cรฉlula

7

Aplicaciones biotecnolรณgicas

5

$BSBDUFSร TUJDBT EF MB FTUSVDUVSB EF MB NFNCSBOB QMBTNร UJDB 5JQPT EF USBOTQPSUF B USBWร T EF MB NFNCSBOB QMBTNร UJDB BDUJWP Z QBTJWP &M NFUBCPMJTNP FO MBT Dร MVMBT BVUร USPGBT Z IFUFSร USPGBT 'PUPTร OUFTJT Z RVJNJPTร OUFTJT 'PUPTร OUFTJT Z BMJNFOUBDJร O $BSBDUFSร TUJDBT EFM QSPDFTP EF GPUPTร OUFTJT FUBQB GPUPRVร NJDB Z CJPRVร NJDB -B PCUFODJร O EF NBUFSJB FO MPT PSHBOJTNPT IFUFSร USPGPT -B QSPEVDDJร O EF FOFSHร B Z MB SFTQJSBDJร O DFMVMBS &UBQBT EF MB SFTQJSBDJร O BFSร CJDB DJDMP EF ,SFCT Z GPTGPSJMBDJร O PYJEBUJWB 3FOEJNJFOUP FOFSHร UJDP EF MB SFTQJSBDJร O BFSPCJB -B SFTQJSBDJร O BOBFSPCJB GFSNFOUBDJร O Mร DUJDB Z GFSNFOUBDJร O BMDPIร MJDB

0CTFSWBDJร O EF NJDSPGPUPHSBGร BT EF MB FTUSVDUVSB EF MB NFNCSBOB QMBTNร UJDB %FTDSJQDJร O EF MPT UJQPT EF USBOTQPSUF RVF TF MMFWBO B DBCP B USBWร T EF MB NFNCSBOB QMBTNร UJDB "Oร MJTJT EF MBT EJGFSFODJBT FOUSF MB OVUSJDJร O BVUร USPGB Z MB IFUFSร USPGB "Oร MJTJT EF MB GPUPTร OUFTJT Z MB RVJNJPTร OUFTJT %FTDSJQDJร O EF MBT FUBQBT EF MB GPUPTร OUFTJT *OUFSQSFUBDJร O EFM QSPDFTP EF SFTQJSBDJร O DFMVMBS %FTDSJQDJร O EF MBT FUBQBT EF MB SFTQJSBDJร O DFMVMBS $PNQBSBDJร O EFM SFOEJNJFOUP FOFSHร UJDP FOUSF MB SFTQJSBDJร O BFSร CJDB Z MB BOBFSร CJDB %FTDSJQDJร O EF MB GFSNFOUBDJร O Mร DUJDB Z BMDPIร MJDB *OUFSQSFUBDJร O EF MBT WBSJBCMFT FO VO FYQFSJNFOUP

3FMBDJPOBS MB FTUSVDUVSB EF MB NFNCSBOB QMBTNร UJDB DPO MPT EJGFSFOUFT UJQPT EF USBOTQPSUF RVF TF FTUBCMFDFO FOUSF MB Dร MVMB Z TV FOUPSOP *OUFSQSFUBS FM SFOEJNJFOUP FOFSHร UJDP RVF UJFOFO EJWFSTBT SFBDDJPOFT RVร NJDBT FO MB Dร MVMB Z SFMBDJPOBSMBT DPO TV BDUJWJEBE NFUBCร MJDB $PNQSFOEFS FM iDBNJOPw RVF TJHVFO DJFSUBT NPMร DVMBT FO MB Dร MVMB Z Dร NP B QBSUJS EF FTUF TF PCUJFOF MB FOFSHร B RVF OFDFTJUBNPT QBSB MMFWBS B DBCP OVFTUSBT BDUJWJEBEFT "OBMJ[BS Dร NP TF NPEJรฅDBO DJFSUBT WBSJBCMFT EVSBOUF VO FYQFSJNFOUP Z MB SFMBDJร O RVF TF FTUBCMFDF FOUSF DBEB VOB EF FMMBT

'VODJร O EF MPT NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT FO MB FMBCPSBDJร O EF BMJNFOUPT #JPUFDOPMPHร B FO[JNร UJDB #JPUFDOPMPHร B BMJNFOUBSJB MB GBCSJDBDJร O EFM ZPHVS 3FDPNCJOBDJร O HFOร UJDB CBDUFSJBOB Z NPMร DVMBT SFDPNCJOBOUFT *OHFOJFSร B EF Wร BT NFUBCร MJDBT -B Wร B EF Tร OUFTJT EF DPNQVFTUPT BSPNร UJDPT -PT DVMUJWPT USBOTHร OJDPT -PT BHFOUFT DPOUBNJOBOUFT Z MB CJPSSFNFEJBDJร O #JPSSFNFEJBDJร O FO[JNร UJDB Z CBDUFSJBOB #JPSSFNFEJBDJร O EF TVFMPT Z EF BHVBT DPOUBNJOBEBT 5SBUBNJFOUP EF BHVBT TFSWJEBT QPS NFEJP EF QSPDFTPT BOBFSร CJDPT Z BFSร CJDPT $PNCVTUJCMFT Z CJPUFDOPMPHร B CJPFUBOPM Z CJPHร T 1Mร TUJDPT CJPEFHSBEBCMFT #JPUFDOPMPHร B Z TBMVE DPODFQUP EF QSPUFร OBT Z EF WBDVOBT SFDPNCJOBOUFT

"Oร MJTJT EF MB GVODJร O RVF DVNQMFO MPT NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT FO MB FMBCPSBDJร O EF BMJNFOUPT *OUFSQSFUBDJร O EF MB GVODJร O RVF DVNQMF MB CJPUFDOPMPHร B FO[JNร UJDB FO MB JOEVTUSJB BMJNFOUBSJB %FTDSJQDJร O EF MB GBCSJDBDJร O EFM ZPHVS "Oร MJTJT EF MB GVODJร O RVF DVNQMF MB SFDPNCJOBDJร O HFOร UJDB FO MB TBMVE Z FO MB GBCSJDBDJร O EF OVFWPT NFEJDBNFOUPT "Oร MJTJT EF รฝVKPT NFUBCร MJDPT "Oร MJTJT EFM SPM RVF DVNQMFO MPT DVMUJWPT USBOTHร OJDPT FO MB OBUVSBMF[B Z EF MBT WFOUBKBT RVF PUPSHBO B MB QSPEVDDJร O BHSร DPMB %FTDSJQDJร O EFM QSPDFTP EF CJPSSFNFEJBDJร O Z EF TV BQMJDBDJร O QBSB TBOFBS TVFMPT Z BHVBT DPOUBNJOBEBT "QMJDBDJร O EF MPT DPOPDJNJFOUPT CJPUFDOPMร HJDPT FO MB GBCSJDBDJร O EF DPNCVTUJCMFT FDPMร HJDPT %FTDSJQDJร O EF MB GVODJร O RVF DVNQMF MB CJPUFDOPMPHร B FO MB GBCSJDBDJร O EF WBDVOBT SFDPNCJOBOUFT *OUFSQSFUBDJร O EF MB WBMJEF[ EF VO FYQFSJNFOUP

*OUFSQSFUBS Dร NP MPT NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT QVFEFO TFS VUJMJ[BEPT FO MB GBCSJDBDJร O EF BMJNFOUPT RVF TFBO BQUPT QBSB FM DPOTVNP IVNBOP $PNQSFOEFS FM JNQBDUP RVF QSPWPDร FO EJGFSFOUFT ร NCJUPT Nร EJDP GBSNBDร VUJDP FUD MB NBOJQVMBDJร O HFOร UJDB EF MPT NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT "OBMJ[BS Dร NP SFQFSDVUJร MB VUJMJ[BDJร O EF TFNJMMBT HFOร UJDBNFOUF NPEJรฅDBEBT FO MB QSPEVDDJร O BHSร DPMB *EFOUJรฅDBS MB QSFTFODJB EF MB CJPUFDOPMPHร B FO MB WJEB DPUJEJBOB *OUFSQSFUBS MB WBMJEF[ EF VO FYQFSJNFOUP

Recursos para la planificación 6

Capítulo

Contenidos

Estrategias didácticas

Expectativas de logro

8

-PT DJDMPT EF MB OBUVSBMF[B -PT FDPTJTUFNBT DPNP TJTUFNBT BCJFSUPT -B PSHBOJ[BDJØO EF MPT FDPTJTUFNBT PSHBOJTNPT QSPEVDUPSFT DPOTVNJEPSFT Z EFTDPNQPOFEPSFT -BT DBEFOBT Z MBT SFEFT BMJNFOUBSJBT -PT BMJNFOUPT DPNP BQPSUF EF FOFSHÓB Z NBUFSJB B MPT FDPTJTUFNBT -PT DJDMPT CJPHFPRVÓNJDPT &M DJDMP EFM BHVB EFM OJUSØHFOP EFM PYÓHFOP EFM B[VGSF Z EFM fósforo.

-B USBOTGFSFODJB EF FOFSHÓB FO MPT FDPTJTUFmas. &DPTJTUFNB Z IPNFPTUBTJT

*OUFSQSFUBDJØO EFM FDPTJTUFNB DPNP VO TJTUFNB BCJFSUP RVF JOUFSDBNCJB NBUFSJB Z FOFSHÓB DPO TV FOUPSOP %FTDSJQDJØO EF MPT PSHBOJTNPT RVF GPSNBO QBSUF EF VO FDPTJTUFNB "OÈMJTJT EF MB DJSDVMBDJØO EF MB NBUFSJB Z MB FOFSHÓB FO MBT DBEFOBT Z SFEFT BMJNFOUBSJBT %FTDSJQDJØO EF MPT DJDMPT CJPHFPRVÓNJDPT Z EFM SPM RVF DVNQMFO FO FM DBNJOP RVF TJHVFO MB NBUFSJB Z MB FOFSHÓB FO FM FDPTJTUFNB *OUFSQSFUBDJØO EF VO FTUVEJP EF DBNQP

"OBMJ[BS DØNP DJSDVMBO MB NBUFSJB Z MB FOFSHÓB FOUSF MPT EJGFSFOUFT OJWFMFT USØåDPT EF VO FDPTJTUFNB *OUFSQSFUBS FM QBQFM GVOEBNFOUBM RVF MMFWBO B DBCP MPT PSHBOJTNPT FO MPT DJDMPT CJPHFPRVÓNJDPT $PNQSFOEFS MB JNQPSUBODJB RVF UJFOFO MPT FTUVEJPT EF DBNQP FO FM FTUVEJP EF VO FDPTJTUFNB

9

-B iFDPOPNÓBw EF MPT FDPTJTUFNBT 'BDUPSFT MJNJUBOUFT FO FM FDPTJTUFNB 1BSÈNFUSPT EF GVODJPOBNJFOUP EF MPT FDPTJTUFNBT $PODFQUP EF CJPNBTB $PODFQUP EF QSPEVDUJWJEBE QSPEVDUJWJEBE QSJNBSJB Z TFDVOEBSJB 1SPEVDUJWJEBE QSJNBSJB CSVUB Z OFUB -BT QJSÈNJEFT FDPMØHJDBT -B QSPEVDUJWJEBE EF EJGFSFOUFT FDPTJTUFNBT GBDUPSFT RVF BGFDUBO B MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE -B UFPSÓB EF TJTUFNBT Z MB FDPMPHÓB -PT FDPTJTUFNBT DPNP GVFOUF EF CJFOFT Z TFSWJDJPT -B QSFTFSWBDJØO EF MPT SFDVSTPT EF MPT FDPTJTUFNBT

"OÈMJTJT EF MPT GBDUPSFT MJNJUBOUFT EF VO FDPTJTUFNB Z EF MPT QBSÈNFUSPT EF TV GVODJPOBNJFOUP %FTDSJQDJØO EFM DPODFQUP EF CJPNBTB *EFOUJåDBDJØO EF MBT EJGFSFODJBT FOUSF QSPEVDUJWJEBE QSJNBSJB Z TFDVOEBSJB %FTDSJQDJØO EF MBT QJSÈNJEFT EF OÞNFSPT EF CJPNBTB Z EF FOFSHÓB *OUFSQSFUBDJØO EFM DPODFQUP EF QSPEVDUJWJEBE EF TV WBSJBDJØO FO MPT EJGFSFOUFT FDPTJTUFNBT "OÈMJTJT EF MPT FDPTJTUFNBT DPNP GVFOUF EF CJFOFT Z TFSWJDJPT "OÈMJTJT EF MB JNQPSUBODJB RVF UJFOF QBSB UPEPT MPT IBCJUBOUFT EFM QMBOFUB MB QSFTFSWBDJØO EF MPT FDPTJTUFNBT *OUFSQSFUBDJØO EF HSÈåDPT UBCMBT Z FTRVFNBT

"OBMJ[BS EJWFSTPT FKFNQMPT FO MPT RVF TF FWJEFODJF MB JOýVFODJB RVF FKFSDFO MPT GBDUPSFT BCJØUJDPT TPCSF FM EFTBSSPMMP EF MPT PSHBOJTNPT FO VO FDPTJTUFNB $PNQSFOEFS FM SPM GVOEBNFOUBM RVF DVNQMF MB CJPNBTB EF VO FDPTJTUFNB $PNQBSBS MPT EJGFSFOUFT UJQPT EF JOGPSNBDJØO RVF CSJOEBO MBT QJSÈNJEFT FDPMØHJDBT $PNQSFOEFS MB JNQPSUBODJB RVF UJFOFO MPT FDPTJTUFNBT DPNP GVFOUF EF CJFOFT Z TFSWJDJPT QBSB FM TFS humano.

3FýFYJPOBS TPCSF MB BDUJUVE RVF UJFOF FM IPNCSF DPO SFTQFDUP B MB DPOTFSWBDJØO EFM NFEJPBNCJFOUF *OUFSQSFUBS MB JNQPSUBODJB EF PSHBOJ[BS MPT EBUPT FO HSÈåDPT UBCMBT Z FTRVFNBT

-BT DPNVOJEBEFT FO MPT FDPTJTUFNBT "USJCVUPT FTUSVDUVSBMFT Z GVODJPOBMFT EF MBT comunidades.

-B FTUBCJMJEBE EF MPT FDPTJTUFNBT &M DPODFQUP EF TVDFTJØO FDPMØHJDB TVDFTJØO QSJNBSJB Z TFDVOEBSJB $PNVOJEBE DMÓNBY Z FUBQBT TFSBMFT Mecanismos de las especies en una suceTJØO GBDJMJUBDJØO JOIJCJDJØO Z UPMFSBODJB 'BDUPSFT RVF JOýVZFO FO MBT TVDFTJPOFT

%FTDSJQDJØO EF MBT DPNVOJEBEFT EF VO FDPTJTUFNB "OÈMJTJT EF MPT BUSJCVUPT EF VO FDPTJTUFNB *OUFSQSFUBDJØO EFM DPODFQUP EF TVDFTJØO FDPMØHJDB QSJNBSJB Z TFDVOEBSJB %FTDSJQDJØO EF MB DPNVOJEBE DMÓNBY Z EF MBT FUBQBT TFrales.

3FýFYJØO TPCSF MBT EJGFSFODJBT FOUSF MPT DPODFQUPT EF GBDJMJUBDJØO JOIJCJDJØO Z UPMFSBODJB *EFOUJåDBDJØO EF MPT GBDUPSFT RVF JOýVZFO FO VOB TVDFTJØO "OÈMJTJT EF EJWFSTPT FKFNQMPT EF TVDFTJPOFT

*EFOUJåDBS MBT DPNVOJEBEFT RVF GPSNBO QBSUF EF MPT FDPTJTUFNBT Z MB JOUFSBDDJØO RVF TF FTUBCMFDF FOUSF FMMBT "OBMJ[BS MB EJOÈNJDB JOUFSOB EF MPT FDPTJTUFNBT UFOJFOEP FO DVFOUB MPT EJGFSFOUFT UJQPT EF TVDFTJØO RVF TF PCTFSWB FO FMMPT *OUFSQSFUBS MPT FGFDUPT RVF QSPWPDB MB QSJNFSB FTQFDJF RVF TF FTUBCMFDF FO VO FDPTJTUFNB TPCSF TVT sucesoras.

"OBMJ[BS MPT EJWFSTPT GBDUPSFT RVF JOUFSWJFOFO FO

Ciclo de la materia y flujo de energía

La eficiencia energética de los ecosistemas

10

La estabilidad en los ecosistemas

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

&OVNFSBDJร O EF MBT DBSBDUFSร TUJDBT EF MPT QSJODJQBMFT CJP- una sucesiรณn ecolรณgica.

4VDFTJPOFT Z BUSJCVUPT EF VOB DPNVOJEBE *OUFSQSFUBS MBT WBSJBCMFT RVF JOUFSWJFOFO FO VO 4VDFTJร O QSJNBSJB FO MBT JTMBT EFM %FMUB EFM NBT EF MB "SHFOUJOB iFYQFSJNFOUP OBUVSBMw 1BSBOร 4VDFTJPOFT TFDVOEBSJBT FO MPT CPTRVFT QBUBHร OJDPT Z FO MB -MBOVSB 1BNQFBOB $PODFQUP EF CJPNB 1SJODJQBMFT CJPNBT EF MB "SHFOUJOB TFMWB CPTRVF QBTUJ[BM TBCBOB Z FTUFQB BSCVTUJWB

11

Los ecosistemas artificiales

&M JOJDJP EF MB BHSJDVMUVSB Z MB HBOBEFSร B 4FSWJDJPT EF MPT FDPTJTUFNBT BQSPWJTJPOBNJFOUP SFHVMBDJร O EF BQPZP DVMUVSBMFT Z FTUร UJDPT $PODFQUP EF BHSPFDPTJTUFNB "HSPFDPTJTUFNBT HBOBEFSPT (BOBEFSร B B DBNQP FYUFOTJWB F JOUFOTJWB -PT DVMUJWPT BHSร DPMBT 'PSNBT EF DVMUJWP MBCSBO[B DPOWFODJPOBM Z TJFNCSB EJSFDUB &DPTJTUFNBT OBUVSBMFT Z BHSPFDPTJTUFNBT 'MVKP EF FOFSHร B FO MPT FDPTJTUFNBT 'MVKP EF FOFSHร B FO VO DVMUJWP Z FO VO DBNQP QBTUPSFBEP 1SPCMFNBT BTPDJBEPT B MB BHSJDVMUVSB FM EFUFSJPSP EF MPT TVFMPT -B DPOUBNJOBDJร O EFM BHVB DPODFQUP EF FVUSPรฅ[BDJร O &YQBOTJร O EF MB GSPOUFSB BHSBSJB Z MB EFGPSFTUBDJร O 3FEVDDJร O EF MB CJPEJWFSTJEBE 6TP FYDFTJWP EF BHSPRVร NJDPT JOTFDUJDJEBT IFSCJDJEBT Z GVOHJDJEBT 1PMJDVUJWPT Z SPUBDJร O EF DVMUJWPT

"Oร MJTJT EFTEF VOB QFSTQFDUJWB IJTUร SJDB EFM JOJDJP EF MB BHSJDVMUVSB Z MB HBOBEFSร B *EFOUJรฅDBDJร O EF MPT TFSWJDJPT RVF QSPWFF VO FDPTJTUFNB *OUFSQSFUBDJร O EFM DPODFQUP EF BHSPFDPTJTUFNB *EFOUJรฅDBDJร O EF MPT EJGFSFOUFT UJQPT EF HBOBEFSร B *EFOUJรฅDBDJร O EF EJWFSTPT UJQPT EF MBCSBO[B "Oร MJTJT EF MBT EJGFSFODJBT FOUSF FDPTJTUFNBT OBUVSBMFT Z BHSPFDPTJTUFNBT 3FDPOPDJNJFOUP EFM DBNJOP RVF SFDPSSF MB FOFSHร B "Oร MJTJT EF MBT DPOTFDVFODJBT OFHBUJWBT EF MB BHSJDVMUVSB para el suelo. *OUFSQSFUBDJร O EFM DPODFQUP EF FVUSPรฅ[BDJร O $PNQSFOTJร O EF MBT DPOTFDVFODJBT RVF UJFOF QBSB FM BNCJFOUF FM VTP EF BHSPRVร NJDPT 3FรฝFYJร O TPCSF MB JNQPSUBODJB EF MB SPUBDJร O EF DVMUJWPT DPNP NFEJP QBSB FOSJRVFDFS FM TVFMP DPO OVUSJFOUFT 5SBCBKP DPO BSHVNFOUBDJPOFT FO SFMBDJร O B MB QSPEVDDJร O EF CJPEJร TFM B QBSUJS EF DVMUJWPT &MBCPSBDJร O EF VO GPMMFUP RVF QSFTFOUF MB QSPCMFNร UJDB SFGFSJEB B MB QSPEVDDJร O EF CJPEJร TFM

$PNQSFOEFS MB JNQPSUBODJB RVF UJFOFO MB BHSJDVMUVSB Z MB HBOBEFSร B QBSB FM EFTBSSPMMP EF MPT QVFCMPT B MP MBSHP EF MB IJTUPSJB 3FรฝFYJPOBS TPCSF MPT EJWFSTPT NPEPT FO RVF FM IPNCSF USBCBKB FO MPT BHSPFDPTJTUFNBT Z FM JNQBDUP RVF QSPWPDB FO FM BNCJFOUF TV BDDJPOBS "OBMJ[BS MBT DPOTFDVFODJBT RVF UJFOF QBSB MPT TFSFT WJWPT FM VTP EF BHSPRVร NJDPT $PNQSFOEFS MB JNQPSUBODJB RVF UJFOF FM USBCBKP SFTQPOTBCMF FO MPT BHSPFDPTJUFNBT JOUFOUBOEP NJOJNJ[BS MPT FGFDUPT OFHBUJWPT RVF QVFEB QSPWPDBS TPCSF FM BNCJFOUF FTUB UBSFB DPNP MB EFGPSFTUBDJร O P MB Qร SEJEB EF CJPEJWFSTJEBE "QSFOEFS B GVOEBNFOUBS MBT PQJOJPOFT B QBSUJS EF VO SB[POBNJFOUP Mร HJDP

7

Clave de respuestas Pรกgina 9 1. a) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT EFTDSJCBO MB JNBHFO RVF UJFOFO SFTQFDUP EF MB DJFODJB P EFM USBCBKP RVF SFBMJ[BO MPT DJFOUร GJDPT b) &TUB QSFHVOUB BQVOUB B RVF MPT BMVNOPT EFCBUBO TPCSF Dร NP TF IBDร B DJFODJB FO PUSPT NPNFOUPT IJTUร SJDPT Z Dร NP TF MMFWB B DBCP FO MB BDUVBMJEBE 1SFUFOEF BEFNร T RVF SFGMFYJPOFO DPO RVร UFDOPMPHร BT DPOUBCBO QBSB FTUVEJBS MB OBUVSBMF[B Z Dร NP JOGMVZร FM DPOUFYUP TPDJBM QPMร UJDP Z SFMJHJPTP FO FM RVF WJWJFSPO c) &TUB GSBTF JOWJUB B SFGMFYJPOBS TPCSF FM NPEP EF QSPEVDDJร O Z USBCBKP EF MPT DJFOUร GJDPT

Pรกgina 11 2. -BT QSFHVOUBT RVF BCSFO FM DBNJOP B JOWFTUJHBS TPO a), b) Z d) -B UFSDFSB QSFHVOUB OP BCSF DBNJOP QBSB JOWFTUJHBS FT VOB QSFHVOUB DFSSBEB QPSRVF TV SFTQVFTUB QVFEF CVTDBSTF FO VO MJCSP

Pรกgina 12 3. &TUB QSFHVOUB QFSNJUF JS SFMBDJPOBOEP MBT DBSBDUFSร TUJDBT EF MB DJFODJB " MP MBSHP EF MB IJTUPSJB MPT DJFOUร GJDPT WBO IBDJFOEP TVT BQPSUFT Z DPO FMMPT TF DPOTUSVZFO OVFWBT GPSNBT EF WFS FM NVOEP 1PS FTP MB DJFODJB DBNCJB DPO FM UJFNQP 4. -B JEFB EF JOWFTUJHBS MBT EJGFSFOUFT IJQร UFTJT TPCSF FM PSJHFO EF MB WJEB FO MB 5JFSSB Z TPCSF MPT EBUPT RVF BWBMBO FTUBT QSPQVFTUBT QFSNJUF WFS DMBSBNFOUF MB GPSNB EF DPOTUSVDDJร O EF MB DJFODJB B MP MBSHP EF MB IJTUPSJB "EFNร T QFSNJUF WFS Dร NP MPT EBUPT TPO UPNBEPT QBSB WBMJEBS P SFDIB[BS MBT JEFBT WJHFOUFT

Pรกgina 15 5. -B JEFB EF FTUB BDUJWJEBE FT QPOFS FO QSร DUJDB MB FTDSJUVSB FO DJFODJB B USBWร T EF MPT JOGPSNFT EF MBCPSBUPSJP &O FTUF DBTP QPESร O SFQSPEVDJS BMHVOPT FYQFSJNFOUPT RVF GVFSPO DMBWFT QBSB MB IJTUPSJB EF MB DJFODJB 6. -PT DBQร UVMPT Z QSFTFOUBO BDUJWJEBEFT EF MBCPSBUPSJP

Pรกgina 17 7. a) -B "DBEFNJB EF $JFODJBT PGSFDJร VO QSFNJP QVFTUP RVF TF USBUBCB EF VO UFNB EF MBSHBT DPOUSPWFSTJBT Z EF VO QSPCMFNB CJPMร HJDP QBSB SFTPMWFS EF TVNB JNQPSUBODJB b) 1BTUFVS FTUBCB NVZ DPOWFODJEP EF TVT JEFBT Z EF MPT SFTVMUBEPT RVF PGSFDร BO TVT FYQFSJNFOUPT &WJEFOUFNFOUF OP FT Gร DJM DPOWFODFS B DJFOUร GJDPT RVF FTUร O QBSBEPT FO VOB iNJSBEBw B DBNCJBS TV QFSTQFDUJWB EF BOร MJTJT &TUP NVFTUSB MB NBOFSB FO RVF TF QSPEVDF MB DJFODJB RVF OP FT EF VO Eร B QBSB FM PUSP Z RVF BMHVOBT FYQFSJFODJBT OP EFTDBMJGJDBO UBO Gร DJMNFOUF MBT IJQร UFTJT

8

c) 4J 1PVDIFU OP IVCJFTF BCBOEPOBEP MB EJTQVUB TFHVSBNFOUF OP TF IVCJFTF QPEJEP FOUSFHBS OJOHร O QSFNJP QVFTUP RVF FM QSPCMFNB TFHVJSร B TJO SFTPMVDJร O &T JNQPSUBOUF SFDPSEBS B MPT BMVNOPT RVF BNCPT DJFOUร GJDPT VTBCBO FM BHVB EF IFOP P MFWBEVSBT RVF DBMFOUBCBO IBTUB BMDBO[BS MB UFNQFSBUVSB EF ย $ d) 1BTUFVS JOUFOUBCB EFDJS RVF BOUF VO UFNB DJFOUร GJDP FO FM RVF OP IBZ DPOTFOTP OP QVFEF IBCMBSTF EF BGJSNBDJPOFT TJOP EF SFTQVFTUBT QSPWJTPSJBT e) &M IBMMB[HP EF 1BTUFVS EF RVF MPT Hร SNFOFT NVFSFO DVBOEP TF TVQFSB MB UFNQFSBUVSB EF ยก$ IVCJFTF BQPSUBEP OVFWPT EBUPT FO DPOUSB EF MB HFOFSBDJร O FTQPOUร OFB EF NJDSPCJPT Z FTUP IVCJFSB FYQMJDBEP MPT SFTVMUBEPT EF MBT FYQFSJFODJBT EF 1PVDIFU f) &TUB QSFHVOUB FT EF DBSร DUFS NFUBDPHOJUJWP Z QSFUFOde que los alumnos reflexionen acerca de si sus ideas JOJDJBMFT TPCSF MB DJFODJB DBNCJBSPO MVFHP EF MFFS FM DBQร UVMP

1 Los seres vivos

como sistemas abiertos

Pรกgina 20 1. -B JNBHFO EF FTUB Qร HJOB FT VO QVOUBQJร QBSB SFTPMWFS MB QSFHVOUB 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT MPHSFO FTUBCMFDFS BMHVOBT SFMBDJPOFT FOUSF MBT QBSUFT Z RVF BEFNร T QVFEBO FYUSBQPMBS MB JEFB EF DPOTJEFSBS B VO TFS WJWP DPNP VO TJTUFNB -B JNQPSUBODJB EF FTUF DPODFQUP OP FT FM BOร MJTJT QSPGVOEP EF FTUB Nร RVJOB TJOP MB JOEBHBDJร O BDFSDB EF MB JEFB RVF MPT Kร WFOFT QPTFFO TPCSF MB JNQPSUBODJB EF MBT SFMBDJPOFT Z FM USBCBKP DPPSEJOBEP EF MBT QBSUFT RVF DPNQPOFO VO TJTUFNB 2. -PT TFSFT WJWPT QVFEFO TFS FTUVEJBEPT DPNP TJTUFNBT GPSNBEPT QPS WBSJBT FTUSVDUVSBT RVF JOUFSBDDJPOBO FOUSF Tร EF NBOFSB DPPSEJOBEB 3. &TUB QSFHVOUB SFGVFS[B MBT BOUFSJPSFT Z QFSNJUF RVF MPT BMVNOPT EFKFO FYQMร DJUB TV JEFB EF FTUVEJBS BM TFS IVNBOP DPNP VO TJTUFNB 4. -BT SFTQVFTUBT QVFEFO TFS WBSJBEBT -P JOUFSFTBOUF FT SFDPQJMBS MBT DPOTUSVJEBT QPS MPT EJGFSFOUFT BMVNOPT FTUBCMFDFS UPEBT MBT SFMBDJPOFT RVF TF QVFEBO B QBSUJS de ellas.

Pรกgina 21 5. /P -P GVOEBNFOUBM EF VO TJTUFNB FT MB JOUFSBDDJร O RVF TF FTUBCMFDF FOUSF TVT DPNQPOFOUFT

6. 4J CJFO QPS TFQBSBEP MPT DPNQPOFOUFT EF MB Dร MVMB OP FTUร O WJWPT MB JOUFSBDDJร O RVF TF FTUBCMFDF FOUSF FMMPT EFUFSNJOB VO OVFWP OJWFM EF PSHBOJ[BDJร O FM OJWFM DFMVMBS DVZB QSPQJFEBE FNFSHFOUF FT MB WJEB -PT UFKJEPT FTUร O DBSBDUFSJ[BEPT QPS TFS VO DPOKVOUP EF Dร MVMBT RVF UJFOFO MB NJTNB GPSNB Z DVNQMFO MB NJTNB GVODJร O IBZ VO USBCBKP FO DPNร O Z FTQFDร GJDP FO FTUF DPOKVOUP EF Dร MVMBT

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

La esencia de la ciencia

Pรกgina 22 7. &O MB OBUVSBMF[B OP IBZ FKFNQMPT EF TJTUFNBT DFSSBEPT 5PEPT MPT TFSFT WJWPT TPO FKFNQMPT EF TJTUFNBT BCJFSUPT QPSRVF JOUFSDBNCJBO NBUFSJB Z FOFSHร B DPO FM NFEJP &M 6OJWFSTP QVFEF DPOTJEFSBSTF VO FDPTJTUFNB BJTMBEP 8. 4F PCTFSWBO JOUFSDBNCJPT EF NBUFSJB Z FOFSHร B &M OJร P FTUร UPNBOEP BHVB Z UBNCJร O FMJNJOB FTUB TVTUBODJB FO MB USBOTQJSBDJร O 5BNCJร O TF PCTFSWB RVF FTUร USBOTQJSBEP QJFSEF FOFSHร B DBMร SJDB

Pรกgina 23 9. %F BDVFSEP DPO FM OJWFM EF PSHBOJ[BDJร O EF MB NBUFSJB RVF TF FTUร FTUVEJBOEP MB Dร MVMB QVFEF TFS DPOTJEFSBEB DPNP VO TJTUFNB P DPNP VO TVCTJTUFNB 4J TF FTUร BOBMJ[BOEP FM OJWFM UJTVMBS QPS FKFNQMP FM UFKJEP OFSWJPTP DBEB VOB EF MBT OFVSPOBT RVF MP DPNQPOFO FT DPOTJEFSBEB VO TVCTJTUFNB FO DBNCJP TJ TF FTUร JOWFTUJHBOEP MB DPOEVDDJร O EFM JNQVMTP OFSWJPTP MB OFVSPOB FT VO TJTUFNB 10. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT QVFEBO JOGFSJS RVF EFOUSP EF MB Dร MVMB FYJTUFO EJGFSFOUFT QBSUFT RVF MMFWBO B DBCP GVODJPOFT QBSUJDVMBSFT RVF QFSNJUFO FM EFTBSSPMMP EF PUSBT Nร T HFOFSBMFT BM USBCBKBS DPPSEJOBEBNFOUF

Pรกgina 24 11. &M EJTFร P EF MB SFE USร GJDB EFQFOEFSร EFM FDPTJTUFNB FMFgido por los alumnos. &O MB FYQMJDBDJร O UFOESร B RVF GJHVSBS MB GJOBMJEBE EFM QSPDFTP EF OVUSJDJร O FO FM FDPTJTUFNB QFSNJUJS MB USBOTGFSFODJB EF NBUFSJB Z FOFSHร B EFTEF MPT QSPEVDUPSFT IBDJB MPT EJGFSFOUFT UJQPT EF DPOTVNJEPSFT Z hacia los descomponedores.

Pรกgina 28 12. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT QVFEBO JOGFSJS RVF BVORVF MPT DOJEBSJPT JODPSQPSBO OVUSJFOUFT Z FMJNJOBO EFTFDIPT OP QPTFFO MPT TJTUFNBT EF ร SHBOPT RVF FTUร O QSFTFOUFT FO FM TFS IVNBOP ZB RVF TPO PSHBOJTNPT Nร T TFODJMMPT 1FSUFOFDFO BM OJWFM EF PSHBOJ[BDJร O EF UFKJEPT OJWFM UJTVMBS

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Pรกgina 29 13. a) -BT FTUSFMMBT EF NBS OP QPTFFO FM NJTNP OJWFM EF PSHBOJ[BDJร O RVF MPT DOJEBSJPT -BT BOร NPOBT TPMP UJFOFO VO PSJGJDJP EF FOUSBEB Z EF TBMJEB QBSB MPT BMJNFOUPT Z MPT EFTFDIPT SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF FO TV DBWJEBE HBTUSPWBTDVMBS BEFNร T OP UJFOFO VO FTUร NBHP FWBHJOBCMF -PT DOJEBSJPT QFSUFOFDFO BM OJWFM EF PSHBOJ[BDJร O UJTVMBS Z MBT FTUSFMMBT EF NBS BM OJWFM EF TJTUFNB EF ร SHBOPT b) 4ร QPSRVF QPTFF VO TJTUFNB EJHFTUJWP GPSNBEP QPS VOB CPDB FO QPTJDJร O WFOUSBM VO FTUร NBHP FWBHJOBCMF DPO FM RVF MMFWB B DBCP MB EJHFTUJร O FYUSBDPSQPSBM VO JOUFTUJOP DPSUP SFDUP Z BOP RVF B WFDFT FTUร BVTFOUF

c) -BT FTUSFMMBT EF NBS TPO PSHBOJTNPT Nร T DPNQMFKPT RVF MPT DOJEBSJPT QPSRVF QFSUFOFDFO BM OJWFM EF TJTUFNBT EF ร SHBOPT

Pรกgina 31 14. a) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT SFDPOP[DBO RVF MB QSFHVOUB JOWFTUJHBUJWB FT MB RVF IBDF SFGFSFODJB B MB GVODJร O EF MPT DBOBMFT FO MPT EJFOUFT b) -B IJQร UFTJT RVF TPTUJFOFO FT RVF QPTJCMFNFOUF IBZB TJEP VO NBNร GFSP RVF JOPDVMBCB WFOFOP c) 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB d) -B JOUFODJร O EF FTUB QSFHVOUB FT RVF TF EFKF DMBSB MB OFDFTJEBE EF MB JOWFTUJHBDJร O QBSB DPNQSPCBS VOB IJQร UFTJT QMBOUFBEB

Pรกgina 32 15. &T VO TJTUFNB BJTMBEP QPSRVF OP QFSNJUF JOUFSDBNCJP EF NBUFSJB Z FOFSHร B DPO FM NFEJP

16. &O FTUF DBTP TF FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT JOUFSQSFUFO RVF FT VO TJTUFNB BCJFSUP QPSRVF FYJTUF VO JOUFSDBNCJP EF NBUFSJB 17. 4F QSFUFOEF RVF MPT BMVNOPT SFMBDJPOFO BMHร O DPNQPOFOUF DPO TV GVODJร O Z BEFNร T RVF DPOTJEFSFO B EJDIP DPNQPOFOUF DPNP JOEJTQFOTBCMF QBSB FM TJTUFNB 18. -PT BMVNOPT QVFEFO JEFOUJGJDBS DPNP TVCTJTUFNB BM DJSDVJUP EF SFGSJHFSBDJร O Z B MPT EJTQPTJUJWPT RVF MF QFSNJUFO BM BTUSPOBVUB DPNVOJDBSTF DPO MB CBTF EF PQFSBciones.

19. "RVร QPESร O FTRVFNBUJ[BS NPEFMPT DPO GMFDIBT 1BSB FM DBTP EF TJTUFNB BJTMBEP TF FTQFSB RVF OP EJCVKFO ninguna flecha.

Pรกgina 33 20. &O MB SFE DPODFQUVBM MPT BMVNOPT EFCFSร O JODMVJS MB EJHFTUJร O FYUSBDFMVMBS MB JOUSBDFMVMBS Z MB FYUSBDPSQPSBM 4F FTQFSB RVF OPNCSFO B MBT FTQPOKBT Z B MPT PSHBOJTNPT VOJDFMVMBSFT DPNP FKFNQMPT EF EJHFTUJร O JOUSBDFMVMBS &O FM DBTP EF MB EJHFTUJร O FYUSBDFMVMBS QPESร O OPNCSBS B DVBMRVJFS PSHBOJTNP DPO VO USBDUP EJHFTUJWP 1VFEFO JODMVJS B MBT BSBร BT DPNP FKFNQMP EF MB EJHFTUJร O FYUSBDPSQPSBM 21. &T QPTJCMF RVF QVFEBO JOWFTUJHBS BDFSDB EF MB FTUSFMMB EF NBS DVZP FTUร NBHP FT FWBHJOBCMF

Pรกgina 34 22. a) -PT TJTUFNBT BJTMBEPT OP JOUFSDBNCJBO DPO FM BNCJFOUF OJ NBUFSJB OJ FOFSHร B NJFOUSBT RVF MPT DFSSBEPT JOUFSDBNCJBO TPMP FOFSHร B b) -PT TJTUFNBT TPO HSVQPT EF DPNQPOFOUFT RVF BDUร BO FO GPSNB DPPSEJOBEB " TV WF[ BMHVOPT EF TVT DPNQPOFOUFT QVFEFO FTUBS FTUSFDIBNFOUF SFMBDJPOBEPT Z GPSNBS VO TVCTJTUFNB 6O TJTUFNB QVFEF DPNQPOFSTF EF WBSJPT TVCTJTUFNBT c) -B EJHFTUJร O FYUSBDFMVMBS TF EB GVFSB EF MB Dร MVMB QFSP EFOUSP EFM DVFSQP FO VO USBDUP EJHFTUJWP -B EJHFTUJร O FYUSBDPSQPSBM TF EB GVFSB EFM DVFSQP EFM JOEJWJEVP RVF TF OVUSF d) 6O OVUSJFOUF FT VOB TVTUBODJB PSHร OJDB P JOPSHร OJDB RVF FT ร UJM QBSB FM PSHBOJTNP NJFOUSBT RVF MB OVUSJDJร O FT FM QSPDFTP QPS FM DVBM TF JODPSQPSBO OVUSJFOUFT

9

e) -BT QSFHVOUBT JOWFTUJHBUJWBT OP TPO BNCJHVBT Z TF QVFEFO SFTPMWFS B QBSUJS EF VOB JOWFTUJHBDJØO DPODSFUB -BT OP JOWFTUJHBUJWBT QVFEFO TFS BNCJHVBT Z OP TF SFTVFMWFO JOWFTUJHBOEP -BT HBMBYJBT TPO FKFNQMPT EF TJTUFNBT BJTMBEPT -B FTUSFMMB EF NBS SFBMJ[B MB EJHFTUJØO FYUSBDPSQPSBM 6OB OFVSPOB FT VO TJTUFNB BCJFSUP RVF UBNCJÏO QVFEF TFS DPOTJEFSBEB DPNP VO TVCTJTUFNB EFM TJTUFNB OFSWJPTP

Página 35 27. 1PESÈO SFMBDJPOBS FM UFYUP DPO MPT TJHVJFOUFT DPODFQUPT TJTUFNB BCJFSUP UJQPT EF OVUSJDJØO FTUSBUFHJBT QBSB MB DBQUBDJØO EFM BMJNFOUP SFMBDJØO EF MPT JOEJWJEVPT DPO FM BNCJFOUF GPSNB EF MBT FTUSVDUVSBT SFMBDJPOBEBT DPO MB GVODJØO RVF DVNQMFO Z DBSBDUFSÓTUJDBT EF MBT BWFT

28. a) /P TF QVFEF SFBMJ[BS QPSRVF MPT PSHBOJTNPT VOJDF-

23.

MVMBSFT OP UJFOFO USBDUP EJHFTUJWP

a) -B GSBTF EFCF DPOUFOFS MB JEFB EF RVF MPT TJTUFNBT

b) /P TF QVFEF SFBMJ[BS QPSRVF MB DPOTJHOB FT BNCJ-

DFSSBEPT TPMP JOUFSDBNCJBO FOFSHÓB DPO FM BNCJFOUF b) &O FTUF DBTP TF FTQFSB RVF SFEBDUFO VOB GSBTF SFMBDJPOBEB DPO MB QSFTFODJB EF EJGFSFOUFT TVCTJTUFNBT que componen el ser humano. c) 4F FTQFSB RVF DPNFOUFO BMHP SFMBDJPOBEP DPO FM USBDUP EJHFTUJWP JODPNQMFUP d) -PT DPBOPDJUPT TPO DÏMVMBT QSFTFOUFT FO MPT QPSÓGFSPT RVF DBQUVSBO FM BMJNFOUP Z EPOEF TF MMFWB B DBCP MB EJHFTUJØO JOUSBDFMVMBS e) &T QPTJCMF RVF IBHBO SFGFSFODJB B RVF MPT JOTFDUPT QPTFFO USBDUP EJHFTUJWP DPO EPT BCFSUVSBT CPDB Z BOP -B USBOTGPSNBDJØO EF DBEB GSBTF FO VOB QSFHVOUB JOWFTUJHBUJWB UJFOF SFTQVFTUB DPO TPMVDJØO BCJFSUB

HVB )BZ PSHBOJTNPT QMVSJDFMVMBSFT DPNP MBT FTQPOKBT RVF OP UJFOFO USBDUP EJHFTUJWP Z TPMP MMFWBO B DBCP EJHFTUJØO JOUSBDFMVMBS c) /P TF QVFEF SFBMJ[BS QPSRVF MPT BOJNBMFT QMVSJDFMVMBSFT DPO USBDUP EJHFTUJWP DPNQMFUP OP MMFWBO B DBCP MB EJHFTUJØO JOUSBDFMVMBS d) &TUF NPEFMP TF QVFEF SFBMJ[BS 1PESÓB UPNBSTF DPNP FKFNQMP MB EJHFTUJØO RVF TF MMFWB B DBCP FO MPT QSPUP[PPT

A 4JTUFNB BJTMBEP OP JOUFSDBNCJB OJ NBUFSJB OJ FOFS-

HÓB DPO FM NFEJP

B 4JTUFNB DFSSBEP TPMP JOUFSDBNCJB FOFSHÓB DPO FM

NFEJP

C 4JTUFNB BCJFSUP JODPSQPSB NBUFSJB Z FOFSHÓB DPO

MPT BMJNFOUPT FMJNJOB NBUFSJB FO MB USBOTQJSBDJØO Z UBNCJÏO DBMPS

D 4JTUFNB BCJFSUP MJCFSB $02 DVBOEP TF FODVFOUSB FO FM BHVB -JCFSB FOFSHÓB FO GPSNB EF DBMPS BM OBEBS

E 4JTUFNB BCJFSUP MJCFSB WBQPS EF BHVB BM BNCJFOUF Z UBNCJÏO SFDJCF FOFSHÓB EF MB IPSOBMMB

25. 4F QSFUFOEF RVF MPT BMVNOPT JEFOUJGJRVFO MB DJVEBE DPNP VO TJTUFNB BCJFSUP $PNP QBSUF EFM JOUFSDBNCJP EF FOFSHÓB QPESÈO NFODJPOBS MBT VTJOBT FMÏDUSJDBT MPT DPNCVTUJCMFT FM BMVNCSBEP MB DBMFGBDDJØO FUD &O DVBOUP BM JOUFSDBNCJP EF NBUFSJB FT QPTJCMF RVF MP SFMBDJPOFO DPO MPT BMJNFOUPT Z MBT FNBOBDJPOFT EF HBTFT &O SFMBDJØO DPO MPT TVCTJTUFNBT TFHVSBNFOUF BQBSFDFSÈO MPT FMÏDUSJDPT MPT EF EFTBHàF MPT UFMFGØOJDPT Z MPT EF USÈOTJUP

26. a) -PT IPOHPT TPO PSHBOJTNPT IFUFSØUSPGPT 1FSP B EJGFSFODJB EF MPT BOJNBMFT MB EJHFTUJØO EFM BMJNFOUP TF SFBMJ[B EJSFDUBNFOUF FO FM BNCJFOUF HSBDJBT B MB BDDJØO EF TVTUBODJBT RVÓNJDBT MMBNBEBT FYPFO[JNBT RVF TF MJCFSBO BM FYUFSJPS 6OB WF[ RVF FM BMJNFOUP TF EFHSBEB FT BCTPSCJEP &TUF UJQP EF EJHFTUJØO TF MMFWB B DBCP GVFSB EFM PSHBOJTNP b) -PT IPOHPT OP UJFOFO UVCP EJHFTUJWP QPSRVF FO FTUF HSVQP OP TF PCTFSWB FTUF OJWFM EF PSHBOJ[BDJØO EF MB NBUFSJB 1FSUFOFDFO BM SFJOP Fungi FO FM RVF IBZ FKFNQMBSFT VOJDFMVMBSFT Z QMVSJDFMVMBSFT &M DVFSQP EF MPT IPOHPT QMVSJDFMVMBSFT FTUÈ GPSNBEP QPS VOB SFE EF GJMBNFOUPT MMBNBEPT IJGBT

10

a) &TUF FDPTJTUFNB FTUÈ GPSNBEP QPS EJWFSTPT TVCTJTUFNBT DPNP MBT QPCMBDJPOFT EF UPEPT MPT TFSFT WJWPT RVF BMMÓ TF FODVFOUSBO Z FM BHVB DPO MPT HBTFT EJTVFMUPT Z MPT NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT RVF DPOUJFOF

b) -PT PSHBOJTNPT BDVÈUJDPT SFTQJSBO FM PYÓHFOP RVF FTUÈ TPMVCJMJ[BEP FO FM BHVB MPT TBQPT DPNFO B MPT NPTRVJUPT FUDÏUFSB c) &TUF FT VO FKFNQMP EF TJTUFNB BCJFSUP QPSRVF FTUBCMFDF VO JOUFSDBNCJP EF NBUFSJB Z FOFSHÓB DPO TV FOUPSOP

2 La digestión y la respiración en el ser humano

Página 36 1. /P .JHVFM EF 4FSWFU BCPOBCB MB JEFB EFM PSHBOJTNP IVNBOP DPNP VO TJTUFNB JOUFHSBM

2. 6O KBSBCF SFQSFTFOUB MP RVF IPZ DPOTJEFSBNPT VO NFEJDBNFOUP

3. 4Ó "NCPT TJTUFNBT JOUFSDBNCJBO NBUFSJB Z FOFSHÓB con el medio que lo rodea.

4. -PT BMVNOPT IBDJFOEP SFGFSFODJB B TVT DPOPDJNJFOUPT QSFWJPT IBSÈO VOB MJTUB EF MPT ØSHBOPT RVF DSFFO RVF JOUFSWJFOFO FO FM QSPDFTP EF OVUSJDJØO EFM TFS IVNBOP Z MVFHP DPUFKBSÈO FTB MJTUB DPO MPT DPOUFOJEPT WJTUPT FO FTUF DBQÓUVMP 5. &M EPDFOUF HVJBSÈ B MPT BMVNOPT IBDJB VOB DPODFQDJØO JOUFHSBM EF MB TBMVE DPNP VO QSPDFTP RVF DBNCJB DPOTUBOUFNFOUF UFOEJFOEP BM FRVJMJCSJP EFM TJTUFNB CJPMØHJDP QTÓRVJDP Z TPDJBM

Página 37 6. a) &O MB TJMVFUB GFNFOJOB TF PCTFSWB FM TJTUFNB SFTQJSBUPSJP Z TF QVFEFO EJTUJOHVJS MB USÈRVFB MPT CSPORVJPT Z MPT QVMNPOFT &O MB TJMVFUB NBTDVMJOB TF WF FM TJTUFNB EJHFTUJWP GPSNBEP QPS FM FTØGBHP FM FTUØNBHP FM JOUFTUJOP EFMHBEP Z FM JOUFTUJOP HSVFTP

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

24.

29.

b) &M EJBGSBHNB %FMJNJUB MB DBWJEBE UPSร DJDB EPOEF TF

14. 1PESร B TFS FO MB SFTQJSBDJร O QVMNPOBS P FYUFSOB FM PYร -

FODVFOUSBO MPT ร SHBOPT EFM TJTUFNB SFTQJSBUPSJP Z MB DBWJEBE BCEPNJOBM EPOEF TF FODVFOUSB MB NBZPSร B EF MPT ร SHBOPT EFM TJTUFNB EJHFTUJWP FYDFQUP FM FTร GBHP RVF TF FODVFOUSB FO FM Uร SBY c) 1PSRVF TF QSPEVDF VOB JOUFSBDDJร O FOUSF MPT ร SHBOPT RVF GPSNBO QBSUF EF DBEB VOP EF FTUPT TJTUFNBT "EFNร T TJ CJFO DVNQMFO SPMFT EJGFSFOUFT FT JNQPSUBOUF MB GVODJร O EF DBEB VOP EF FMMPT QBSB RVF FM QSPDFTP EF SFTQJSBDJร O P EF EJHFTUJร O TF MMFWF B DBCP EF NBOFSB ร QUJNB 4J GBMUB BMHร O ร SHBOP FM TJTUFNB QJFSEF FGJDJFODJB P EFKB EF GVODJPOBS

HFOP QSFTFOUF FO MPT BMWร PMPT QVMNPOBSFT TF EJGVOEF IBDJB MB TBOHSF Z FM EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP QSPWFOJFOUF EF MBT Dร MVMBT MP IBDF EF NBOFSB DPOUSBSJB -B IFNPHMPCJOB USBOTQPSUB FM PYร HFOP IBDJB MBT Dร MVMBT EPOEF OVFWBNFOUF QPS EJGVTJร O FTUF HBT JOHSFTB FO MBT Dร MVMBT Z FM EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP FO MB TBOHSF " FTUF UJQP EF JOUFSDBNCJP HBTFPTP TF MP EFOPNJOB SFTQJSBDJร O UJTVMBS &O FM FTRVFNB FM DVBESBEP SFQSFTFOUB B MPT WBTPT TBOHVร OFPT

Pรกgina 38 7. a) &M DVCP HSBOEF SFQSFTFOUB FM CPDBEP EF BMJNFOUP FOUFSP NJFOUSBT RVF MPT DVCPT Nร T QFRVFร PT SFQSFTFOUBO MPT GSBHNFOUPT PCUFOJEPT EFTQVร T EF MB NBTUJDBDJร O b) &M WPMVNFO EFM DVCP FOUFSP FT EF DN Z MB TVQFSGJDJF FYUFSJPS EF DN2. c) &M WPMVNFO UPUBM EF MPT PDIP DVCPT FT EF DN Z MB TVQFSGJDJF UPUBM EF DN2. d) -B SFMBDJร O FOUSF MB TVQFSGJDJF Z FM WPMVNFO FO FM UVCP FOUFSP FT EF Z FO FM UPUBM EF MPT PDIP DVCPT FT EF &T EFDJS RVF FO MPT DVCPT QBSUJEPT MB TVQFSficie se duplicรณ. e) -B UJOUB DIJOB SFQSFTFOUB MB TBMJWB RVF DPOUJFOF MBT FO[JNBT EJHFTUJWBT -B NBZPS DPMPSBDJร O EF MPT DVCPT QFRVFร PT QFSNJUF EFNPTUSBS Dร NP TF SFBMJ[B EF NBOFSB Nร T FGJDJFOUF MB EJHFTUJร O RVร NJDB DVBOEP FM BMJNFOUP FTUร GSBHNFOUBEP FT EFDJS DVBOEP GVF EJHFSJEP NFDร OJDBNFOUF QPS MPT EJFOUFT FTUP BVNFOUB MB TVQFSGJDJF EF DPOUBDUP FOUSF MBT FO[JNBT Z MB TBMJWB

Pรกgina 42 8. &O FM Iร HBEP TF BMNBDFOB VO QPMJTBDร SJEP HMVDร HFOP

GPSNBEP QPS NJMFT EF HMVDPTBT RVF TF MJCFSBO B MB TBOHSF Z DVZB DPODFOUSBDJร O FT SFHVMBEB QPS MB JOTVMJOB Z FM HMVDBHร O EPT IPSNPOBT TFDSFUBEBT QPS FM Qร Ocreas.

Pรกgina 43 9. /P QPESร B JODPSQPSBS MPT OVUSJFOUFT PCUFOJEPT DPNP

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

QSPEVDUP EF MB EFHSBEBDJร O EF MBT QSPUFร OBT BNJOPร DJEPT Z QPS MP UBOUP UFOESร B DBSFODJB EF FMMPT 10. 4J OP TF JOHJFSFO IJESBUPT EF DBSCPOP FM Eร GJDJU TFSร B FOFSHร UJDP

Pรกgina 46 11. $BQBDJEBE JOTQJSBUPSJB WPMVNFO EF SFTFSWB JOTQJSBUPSJB WPMVNFO DPSSJFOUF 12. &M WPMVNFO EF BJSF NPWJMJ[BEP QPS NJOVUP FT EF BQSPYJNBEBNFOUF TFJT MJUSPT

Pรกgina 47 13. 6OB NFNCSBOB SFTQJSBUPSJB EFCF DPOUBS DPO USFT DBSBDUFSร TUJDBT GVOEBNFOUBMFT EFCF TFS Iร NFEB GJOB Z TFNJQFSNFBCMF

Pรกgina 51 15. a) 4F WFSร Dร NP TF NPEJGJDB FM WPMVNFO EF BJSF RVF SFHJTUSB FM FTQJSร NFUSP FO SFQPTP Z MVFHP EF VO FKFSDJDJP Gร TJDP b) 4F WFSร Dร NP TF NPEJGJDBO MPT SFTVMUBEPT EF MB FYperiencia en funciรณn de la condiciรณn de fumador o OP GVNBEPS )BZ VOB NBZPS QSPCBCJMJEBE EF RVF MBT QFSTPOBT GVNBEPSBT EFTQMBDFO NFOPS DBOUJEBE EF BHVB FO FM FTQJSร NFUSP QPSRVF UJFOFO NFOPS DBQBDJEBE JOTQJSBUPSJB c), d) Z e) 3FTQVFTUBT BCJFSUBT EFQFOEFO EF MPT EBUPT PCUFOJEPT FO MB FYQFSJFODJB

Pรกgina 52 16. a) 4VTQFOTJร O P GBMUB EF MB SFTQJSBDJร O QPS VO QFSร PEP EFUFSNJOBEP

b) 1PSRVF TF DPOPDF TV QSร DUJDB EFTEF IBDF NJMFT EF Bร PT

c) "M QFTP RVF VUJMJ[BO MPT CVDFBEPSFT QBSB TVNFSHJSse en la profundidad del mar.

d) &TUP TF EFCF B RVF BVNFOUB MB EFNBOEB EF PYร HFOP e) %FCJEP B RVF MMFWB NVDIP UJFNQP EF FOUSFOBNJFOUP BEBQUBS MB GJTJPMPHร B EF MB SFTQJSBDJร O QBSB MMFWBS B BDBCP FTUF PGJDJP f) -B FOVODJBDJร O EF QSFHVOUBT JOWFTUJHBUJWBT QVFEF TFS TPCSF MPT TJHVJFOUFT UFNBT - Dร NP FT FO MBT BNBT MB DPODFOUSBDJร O EF PYร HFOP Z EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP FO MB TBOHSF - si han sufrido modificaciones los mรบsculos respiSBUPSJPT P TJ QSFTFOUBO DBNCJPT FO MB BOBUPNร B EF MPT QVMNPOFT - TJ MB DPNQPTJDJร O EF MB TBOHSF FT JHVBM P EJTUJOUB - TJ MPT DFOUSPT DPOUSPMBEPSFT EFM TJTUFNB OFSWJPTP DFOUSBM GVODJPOBO JHVBM RVF MPT EF MPT JOEJWJEVPT OP BEBQUBEPT B MB BQOFB

Pรกgina 53 17. a) 4QBMMBO[BOJ RVJTP EFDJSMF B #VGGPO RVF GVFSB PCKFUJWP FO TVT PCTFSWBDJPOFT Z FO TVT DPODMVTJPOFT Z OP TF EFKBSB JOGMVJS QPS TVT QSFKVJDJPT FO MB PCTFSWBDJร O EF VO GFOร NFOP EFUFSNJOBEP b) -PT BMVNOPT QPESร O FOVODJBS IJQร UFTJT SFMBDJPOBEBT DPO MPT KVHPT EJHFTUJWPT Z DPO Dร NP FTUPT QSPEVDFO TV FGFDUP TPCSF MPT BMJNFOUPT c) 4QBMMBO[BOJ EFTFBCB QSPCBS MB FGJDBDJB EF MPT KVHPT EJHFTUJWPT TVT BMDBODFT Z TVT MJNJUBDJPOFT FO MB EJHFTUJร O EF MPT BMJNFOUPT

11

d) 4ร "NCPT UFYUPT SFTDBUBO MB JNQPSUBODJB EFM Nร UP

25.

EP DJFOUร GJDP QBSB FM EFTBSSPMMP EF MB DJFODJB 18. 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB

Pรกgina 54 19.

Estructura %JFOUFT (Mร OEVMBT TBMJWBMFT $PSQร TDVMPT P CPUPOFT HVTUBUJWPT -FOHVB

Funciรณn 5SJUVSBDJร O EF MPT BMJNFOUPT 4FDSFDJร O EF TBMJWB 3FDFQUPSFT EF TVTUBODJBT RVร NJDBT

26. a) -BT WFMMPTJEBEFT EFM JOUFTUJOP EFMHBEP BVNFOUBO MB TVQFSGJDJF EF BCTPSDJร O

b) &O MPT BMWร PMPT QVMNPOBSFT TF MMFWB B DBCP MB IF

.PWJMJ[BDJร O EF MPT BMJNFOUPT QBSB MB GPSNBDJร O EFM CPMP

&O MB CPDB DPNJFO[B B EJHFSJSTF RVร NJDBNFOUF FM BMNJ Eร O -BT HMร OEVMBT TBMJWBMFT FTUร O JOWPMVDSBEBT FO FTUF QSPDFTP 4FDSFUBO MB FO[JNB BNJMBTB RVF EFHSBEB FTUB NPMร DVMB 20. &O MB EJHFTUJร O NFDร OJDB QBSUJDJQBO UBOUP MPT EJFOUFT DPNP MB NVTDVMBUVSB EFM FTUร NBHP Z EFM JOUFTUJOP FO UBOUP RVF FO MB EJHFTUJร O RVร NJDB QBSUJDJQBO MBT TFDSF DJPOFT EF MBT HMร OEVMBT TBMJWBMFT FM FTUร NBHP FM Qร O DSFBT MB WFTร DVMB FM Iร HBEP Z FM JOUFTUJOP EFMHBEP -B EJHFTUJร O NFDร OJDB FT MMFWBEB B DBCP QPS MPT EJFOUFT Z QPS MB NVTDVMBUVSB MJTB EFM UVCP EJHFTUJWP NJFOUSBT RVF MB EJHFTUJร O RVร NJDB FT MMFWBEB B DBCP QPS MBT FO [JNBT RVF EFHSBEBO MBT NPMร DVMBT DPNQMFKBT FO NPMร culas mรกs sencillas.

21.

Estimula la liberaciรณn de Modera acidez del

NBUPTJT

c) -B WFTร DVMB CJMJBS BDVNVMB TBMFT CJMJBSFT QSPEVDJEBT FO FM Iร HBEP RVF UJFOFO MB GVODJร O EF FNVMTJPOBS MBT grasas. d) -B TFHNFOUBDJร O Z FM QFSJTUBMUJTNP NF[DMBO FM RVJMP DPO MPT KVHPT EJHFTUJWPT FO FM JOUFTUJOP EFMHBEP e) -B BDJEF[ EFM FTUร NBHP FT OFDFTBSJB QBSB RVF BD Uร FO MBT FO[JNBT RVF EFHSBEBO B MBT QSPUFร OBT f) &M GMVKP EF BJSF EVSBOUF MB SFTQJSBDJร O FTUร WJODVMB EP DPO MB SFMBDJร O RVF TF FTUBCMFDF FOUSF MB QSFTJร O BUNPTGร SJDB Z MB QSFTJร O EF BJSF FO MPT QVMNPOFT

Pรกgina 55 27. 3FQSFTFOUB MB BCTPSDJร O B OJWFM EFM JOUFTUJOP EFMHBEP EVPEFOP 1PESร B GJHVSBS FO MB Qร HJOB -BT SFGFSFODJBT TPO BNJOPร DJEPT F IJESBUPT EF DBSCPOP TFODJMMPT 28. I. B II. B III. E

29. -B JNQPSUBODJB EF WJHJMBS FTUPT BSUFGBDUPT SBEJDB FO RVF TJ SFBMJ[BO VOB NBMB DPNCVTUJร O TF MJCFSB NP Oร YJEP EF DBSCPOP VO HBT RVF FT BMUBNFOUF Uร YJDP Z RVF QVFEF DBVTBS MB NVFSUF

Aumenta la liberaciรณn de

23.

a) /P &M TPEJP OP TF EJHJFSF TF BCTPSCF EJSFDUBNFOUF FO FM JOUFTUJOP HSVFTP -BT GJCSBT BMJNFOUBSJBT JOTPMV CMFT UBNQPDP TF EJHJFSFO QPSRVF FM PSHBOJTNP OP UJFOF MBT FO[JNBT OFDFTBSJBT QBSB MMFWBS B DBCP TV EJ HFTUJร O RVร NJDB Z UBNQPDP TF BCTPSCFO b) )JESBUPT EF DBSCPOP CPDB F JOUFTUJOP EFMHBEP 1SPUFร OBT Z Mร QJEPT FTUร NBHP F JOUFTUJOP EFMHBEP c) &O FM JOUFTUJOP EFMHBEP "MHVOPT JPOFT DPNP FM TP EJP P DPNP FM Jร O CJDBSCPOBUP TF BCTPSCFO FO FM JOUFTUJOP HSVFTP d) %F VO QBO MBDUBM

a) -B FTQJSBDJร O RVF TF PCTFSWB EVSBOUF VOB SFTQJSB DJร O USBORVJMB FT VO QSPDFTP QBTJWP FO MB DVBM FM EJB GSBHNB Z MPT Nร TDVMPT JOUFSDPTUBMFT TF SFMBKBO b) -B FTQJSBDJร O GPS[BEB FT VO QSPDFTP BDUJWP FO FM RVF MPT Nร TDVMPT SFTQJSBUPSJPT TVGSFO VOB DPOUSBD DJร O JOUFOTB 24. &M FOGJTFNB FT VO UJQP EF FOGFSNFEBE PCTUSVDUJWB DSร OJDB &10$ FO MB DVBM TF QSPEVDF VO BVNFOUP EFTNFEJEP EFM WPMVNFO EF MPT BMWร PMPT Z TF EBร B TV NFNCSBOB &TUP QSPWPDB RVF MB IFNBUPTJT OP TF SFBMJDF EF NBOFSB BEF DVBEB Z QPS MP UBOUP OP MMFHB TVGJDJFOUF PYร HFOP B MBT Dร MVMBT -PT Tร OUPNBT EFM FOGJTFNB TPO GBMUB EF BJSF Z UPT

12

3

La circulaciรณn y la excreciรณn en el ser humano

Pรกgina 56 1. -B PCTFSWBDJร O DVNQMร B VO SPM GVOEBNFOUBM FO TV JO WFTUJHBDJร O

2. 1PSRVF FO FTB ร QPDB OP TF QFOTBCB FO MB JOUFSBDDJร O RVF TF FTUBCMFDร B FOUSF MBT QBSUFT RVF DPNQPOFO VO TJT UFNB TJOP FO EJGFSFOUFT QBSUFT RVF DPOGPSNBCBO FM DPOKVOUP DBEB VOB DPO VOB GVODJร O JOEFQFOEJFOUF EF MB PUSB RVF OP JOUFSBDDJPOBCBO FOUSF Tร 3. "NCPT JOWFTUJHBEPSFT IBDFO IJODBQJร FO MB JNQPSUBO DJB EF PCTFSWBS EF NBOFSB PCKFUJWB MPT GFOร NFOPT DJFOUร GJDPT &O MB MFDUVSB TF IBDF BMVTJร O B FTUF Uร QJDP DVBOEP 4QBMMBO[BOJ TPTUJFOF RVF IBZ RVF TBDBSTF MPT iBOUFPKPT EF MB JNBHJOBDJร Ow BM PCTFSWBS VO GFOร NFOP EFUFSNJOBEP 4. 4ร QPSRVF .JHVFM EF 4FSWFU UBNCJร O JOUFSQSFUBCB BM TFS IVNBOP DPNP VO TJTUFNB 5. " RVF DVFTUJPOBCBO MB SFBMJEBE WJHFOUF TPCSF MB CBTF EF TVT PCTFSWBDJPOFT 6. &M TJTUFNB DJSDVMBUPSJP USBOTQPSUB MPT OVUSJFOUFT IBDJB MBT Dร MVMBT Z QPS FM TJTUFNB VSJOBSJP TF FMJNJOBO MPT EFTFDIPT RVF SFTVMUBO Uร YJDPT DPNP MB VSFB QPS NF dio de la orina.

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

22.

Pรกgina 64 7. 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB 8. 4ร 1PS FKFNQMP DVBOEP UPNBNPT DPOUBDUP DPO BMHร O WJSVT P VOB CBDUFSJB RVF OPT QVFEF FOGFSNBS TF EFTFODBEFOB MB SFTQVFTUB JONVOJUBSJB QBSB JOUFOUBS OFVUSBMJ[BS FTF BHFOUF QBUร HFOP Z EF FTUB NBOFSB SFTUBCMFDFS MB IPNFPTUBTJT 9. -BT Dร MVMBT EF iNFNPSJBw MJOGPDJUPT 5 Z # TPO MBT SFTQPOTBCMFT EF RVF OP OPT FOGFSNFNPT EPT WFDFT QPS MB JOGFDDJร O EF VO NJTNP PSHBOJTNP QPS MP UBOUP DPOUSJCVZFO EFTEF FTUF BTQFDUP B MB IPNFPTUBTJT 10. &O MPT WBTPT EFM TJTUFNB DJSDVMBUPSJP TF FODVFOUSBO MBT Dร MVMBT RVF UJFOFO GVODJร O JONVOJUBSJB MPT MFVDPDJUPT

Pรกgina 65 11. a) 1PEFNPT EFGJOJS MB FYDSFDJร O DPNP FM NFDBOJTNP B USBWร T EFM DVBM TF FMJNJOBO EFTFDIPT EFM PSHBOJTNP 5FOJFOEP FO DVFOUB FTUF DPODFQUP FM QVMNร O QVFEF TFS DPOTJEFSBEP VO ร SHBOP FYDSFUPS QPSRVF FT GVOEBNFOUBM QBSB MB FYDSFDJร O EFM EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP b) 1VMNร O EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP SJร ร O PSJOB QJFM TVEPS JOUFTUJOP HSVFTP NBUFSJB GFDBM

Pรกgina 67 12. -B TBOHSF TF DPBHVMB DVBOEP TBMF EF MPT WBTPT BTร RVF TFSร OFDFTBSJP JODMVJS BMHVOB TVTUBODJB RVF FWJUF MB DPBHVMBDJร O BOUJDPBHVMBOUF DVBOEP TF QSFUFOEB IFNPEJBMJ[BS B VOB QFSTPOB 13. 4ร 1PSRVF MB GVODJร O EF GJMUSBS MBT JNQVSF[BT EF MB TBOHSF FT TJNJMBS B MB RVF IBDF FM SJร ร O

Pรกgina 69 14. a) 4F VUJMJ[BSPO TVFSPT BOUJ " Z BOUJ # Individuo 1: DPO BHMVUJOBDJร O FO QSFTFODJB EF BNCPT BOUJDVFSQPT HSVQP "#

Individuo 2: DPO BHMVUJOBDJร O FO QSFTFODJB EF BOUJDVFSQPT BOUJ # HSVQP #

Individuo 3: DPO BHMVUJOBDJร O FO QSFTFODJB EF BOUJDVFSQPT BOUJ " HSVQP "

Individuo 4: TJO BHMVUJOBDJร O HSVQP

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

b) /P -BT QFSTPOBT RVF UJFOFO HSVQP TBOHVร OFP "# TPMP QVFEFO EPOBS TBOHSF B MBT QFSTPOBT RVF UFOgan su mismo grupo porque es la รบnica forma de RVF OP TF QSPEV[DB MB BHMVUJOBDJร O 4ร &M HSVQP QVFEF EPOBS B UPEPT MPT HSVQPT QPSRVF OP QSFTFOUB BHMVUJOBDJร O FO QSFTFODJB EF MPT BOUร HFOPT BOUJ " Z BOUJ # QPS FTUF NPUJWP TF MP EFOPNJOB iEBEPS VOJWFSTBMw 15. )BDJFOEP SFBDDJPOBS BOUJDVFSQPT BOUJ GBDUPS 3I DPO EJTUJOUPT UJQPT EF TBOHSF 16. 4J VOB QFSTPOB FT 3I QVFEF SFDJCJS TBOHSF UBOUP 3I

DPNP 3Io -BT QFSTPOBT 3Io TPMP QVFEFO SFDJCJS TBOHSF 3Io $BCF BDMBSBS RVF BEFNร T EF UFOFS FO DVFOUB FM GBDUPS 3I IBZ RVF DPOTJEFSBS FM TJTUFNB "#0 &OUPODFT TJ MPT HMร CVMPT SPKPT TF BHMVUJOBO FO QSFTFODJB EF TVFSP "OUJ 3I MB TBOHSF FT 3I Z TJ OP TF BHMVUJOBO FT Rhโ .

Pรกgina 70 17. -B BQMJDBDJร O EF MPT QSJODJQJPT NFDร OJDPT QBSB FM FTUVEJP EF MPT TFSFT WJWPT GVF VOB JEFB JOOPWBEPSB QBSB MB ร QPDB 1BSB FOUFOEFS FM GVODJPOBNJFOUP EFM DPSB[ร O QPS FKFNQMP TF BQMJDBCBO MPT QSJODJQJPT NFDร OJDPT RVF QFSNJUFO FM GVODJPOBNJFOUP EF VOB CPNCB DPOTUSVJEB QPS FM IPNCSF 18. Hace referencia a la circulaciรณn menor, es decir, a la RVF TF FTUBCMFDF FOUSF MPT QVMNPOFT Z FM DPSB[ร O 19. %FNPTUSร RVF MB TBOHSF FT JNQVMTBEB EF MBT BSUFSJBT B MBT WFOBT B USBWร T EF VO TJTUFNB EF NJDSPTDร QJDPT WBsos capilares.

20. -B TBOHSF OVODB TBMF EF MPT WBTPT Z FM QBTBKF EF PYร HFOP Z EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP TF SFBMJ[B QPS EJGVTJร O B USBWร T EF MPT DBQJMBSFT TBOHVร OFPT WBTPT RVF EFTDVCSJร .BMQJHIJ

21. $PO FTUB FYQSFTJร O TF EFTJHOB B MPT DJSDVJUPT NBZPS Z menor.

22. 4ร "RVร RVFEB EFNPTUSBEP Dร NP B MP MBSHP EF MB IJTUPSJB DBEB VOP EF MPT DJFOUร GJDPT GVF IBDJFOEP TV BQPSUF FO FM DPOPDJNJFOUP EFM TJTUFNB DJSDVMBUPSJP " NFEJBdos del siglo XIII TF FOUSFWJร WBHBNFOUF MB DJSDVMBDJร O QVMNPOBS MVFHP FO FM TJHMP XVI TF DPOPDJร MB iQFRVFร B DJSDVMBDJร Ow 1PTUFSJPSNFOUF )BSWFZ PCTFSWร RVF MBT Wร MWVMBT EF MB WFOB JNQJEFO RVF MB TBOHSF BWBODF FO PUSP TFOUJEP RVF OP TFB IBDJB FM DPSB[ร O GJOBMNFOUF FO .BSDFMMP .BMQJHIJ EFNPTUSร RVF MB TBOHSF FT JNQVMTBEB EF MBT BSUFSJBT B MBT WFOBT B USBWร T EF VO TJTUFNB EF NJDSPTDร QJDPT WBTPT DBQJMBSFT Z BTร QSFQBSร DPO TV EFTDVCSJNJFOUP FM SFDPOPDJNJFOUP HFOFSBM EF MB UFPSร B EF )BSWFZ

Pรกgina 71 23. &O MPT SJร POFT MBT BDVBQPSJOBT EFTFNQFร BO VO SPM SFMFWBOUF FO FM NFDBOJTNP EF SFBCTPSDJร O EF BHVB

24. -B IPSNPOB BOUJEJVSร UJDB FTUJNVMB FM USBOTQPSUF EF MBT BDVBQPSJOBT B MB NFNCSBOB DFMVMBS EF MBT QBSFEFT EFM Uร CVMP EF MPT SJร POFT MP RVF DPOUSJCVZF DPO FM FRVJMJCSJP Iร ESJDP Z MB IPNFPTUBTJT 25. 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB 26. -BT QFSTPOBT RVF UJFOFO VOB EFGJDJFODJB FO MB IPSNPOB BOUJEJVSร UJDB P FO MB QSPEVDDJร O EF BDVBQPSJOBT FO MB NFNCSBOB DFMVMBS QBEFDFO VOB FOGFSNFEBE EFOPNJOBEB EJBCFUFT JOTร QJEB %FCJEP B RVF MPT Mร RVJEPT OP TPO SFBCTPSCJEPT FTUBT QFSTPOBT QSPEVDFO EF B M EF PSJOB QPS Eร B DVBOEP MP OPSNBM FT FOUSF VOP Z EPT MJUSPT 27. &M BHVB FT VOB NPMร DVMB QPMBS Z OP QPESร B BUSBWFTBS MB DBQB MJQร EJDB EF MB NFNCSBOB QPS EJGVTJร O QPSRVF OP FT TPMVCMF FO DPNQVFTUPT BQPMBSFT 1PS MP UBOUP FM BHVB BUSBWJFTB MB NFNCSBOB QPS ร TNPTJT B USBWร T EF MBT QSPUFร OBT EF NFNCSBOB BDVBQPSJOBT EPOEF Tร FT TPMVCMF

Pรกgina 72 28. a) Circuito pulmonar o menor: WFOUSร DVMP EFSFDIP BSUFSJB QVMNPOBS DBQJMBSFT QVMNPOBSFT WFOB QVMNPOBS BVSร DVMB J[RVJFSEB Circuito sistรฉmico o mayor: WFOUSร DVMP J[RVJFSEP BSUFSJB BPSUB DBQJMBSFT EF UFKJEPT Z ร SHBOPT WFOBT DBWBT BVSร DVMB EFSFDIB

13

Vena cava superior Aurícula derecha

Arteria aorta

BTB EF )FOMF Z FO DPOEJDJPOFT OPSNBMFT OVODB aparece en la orina. c) -B IPSNPOB BOUJEJVSÏUJDB FT TFHSFHBEB QPS MB IJQØGJTJT Z FTUJNVMB MB SFBCTPSDJØO EF BHVB FO MB QPSDJØO GJOBM EFM UÞCVMP EJTUBM

Arteria pulmonar Aurícula izquierda

Vena pulmonar

Ventrículo derecho

Ventrículo izquierdo

29. %F MB BVSÓDVMB EFSFDIB FM HMØCVMP SPKP TF EJSJHF BM WFOUSÓDVMP EFSFDIP Z EFTEF BMMÓ QPS NFEJP EF MB BSUFSJB QVMNPOBS WB IBDJB MPT QVMNPOFT &O MPT BMWÏPMPT TF QSPEVDF MB IFNBUPTJT Z FTF FSJUSPDJUP TF VOF BM PYÓHFOP &M FSJUSPDJUP DPO PYJIFNPHMPCJOB iWJBKBw QPS MB WFOB QVMNPOBS IBTUB MB BVSÓDVMB J[RVJFSEB EFTEF BMMÓ QBTB BM WFOUSÓDVMP J[RVJFSEP Z QPS NFEJP EF MB BSUFSJB BPSUB TBMESÈ EFM DPSB[ØO -VFHP QPS MBT TVDFTJWBT SBNJGJDBDJPOFT EF FTUB BSUFSJB MMFHBSÈ IBTUB VO DBQJMBS BSUFSJBM EPOEF QPS EJGVTJØO JOHSFTB FO MBT DÏMVMBT EFM EFEP ÓOEJDF

Página 73 34. a) {1PS NFEJP EF RVÏ WBTP TBMF MB TBOHSF EFM WFOUSÓDVMP EFSFDIP {$JSDVMB TBOHSF PYJHFOBEB P DPO EJØYJEP EF DBSCPOP b) {2VÏ NJOFSBM Z RVÏ WJUBNJOB TPO JOEJTQFOTBCMFT QBSB RVF TF MMFWF B DBCP MB DPBHVMBDJØO TBOHVÓOFB c) {" RVÏ TF EFOPNJOB HMVDPTVSJB 35. A: DÈQTVMB EF #PXNBO B: HMPNÏSVMP C: UÞCVMP DPOUPSOFBEP QSPYJNBM D: BTB EF )FOMF F Z G: UVCP DPMFDUPS a) (MVDPTB FO FM UÞCVMP DPOUPSOFBEP QSPYJNBM P BTB EF )FOMF BTDFOEFOUF b) $BMDJP FO FM UÞCVMP DPOUPSOFBEP EJTUBM c) #JDBSCPOBUP FO FM UÞCVMP DPOUPSOFBEP QSPYJNBM P BTB EF )FOMF BTDFOEFOUF d) "HVB FO FM UÞCVMP DPOUPSOFBEP QSPYJNBM P BTB EF )FOMF BTDFOEFOUF

36. a) DPO b) DPO c) DPO 37. *NQFEJS MB FMJNJOBDJØO EF EFTFDIPT OJUSPHFOBEPT EF MB sangre.

38. .FOPS DBOUJEBE EF HMØCVMPT SPKPT .BZPS DBOUJEBE EF

30.

MFVDPDJUPT 5FOESÓB EJGJDVMUBEFT FO MB DPBHVMBDJØO TBOHVÓOFB

a) -B TBOHSF DBNCJB EF DPMPSBDJØO EFCJEP B MB VOJØO RVF MB IFNPHMPCJOB FTUBCMFDF DPO FM PYÓHFOP P DPO FM EJØYJEP EF DBSCPOP b) 1PSRVF TF GBWPSFDF MB FOUSBEB EF PYÓHFOP QPS MP UBOUP TF GPSNB PYJIFNPHMPCJOB MP RVF MF PUPSHB VOB DPMPSBDJØO SPKP FTDBSMBUB B MB TBOHSF &TUF DPMPS OP TF PCTFSWB TJ FM UVCP FTUÈ UBQBEP c) 1PSRVF DPO FM CVSCVKFP TF MJCFSB EJØYJEP EF DBSCPOP &TUF HBT TF VOF DPO MB IFNPHMPCJOB Z TF GPSNB DBSCBNJOPIFNPHMPCJOB RVF MF PUPSHB VOB DPMPSBDJØO SPKP PTDVSP B MB TBOHSF d) &M DPMPS SPKP FTDBSMBUB TJHOJGJDB RVF MB TBOHSF FTUÈ PYJHFOBEB FM SPKP PTDVSP RVF DPOUJFOF EJØYJEP EF DBSCPOP Z TJ FTUF DPMPS TF EFCF B MB QSFTFODJB EF NPOØYJEP EF DBSCPOP FT BMHP NVZ HSBWF QPSRVF MB QFSTPOB RVF UJFOF FTUF HBT FO MB TBOHSF QVFEF TVGSJS EF BTGJYJB TFWFSB %FQFOEF EF MB DPODFOUSBDJØO FO RVF TF FODVFOUSF 31. &O HSBOEFT BMUJUVEFT MB DBOUJEBE EF PYÓHFOP FO FM BJSF JOTQJSBEP FT NFOPS QPS MP UBOUP FM BVNFOUP EF #1( FT VOB BEBQUBDJØO GJTJPMØHJDB QBSB RVF FM PYÓHFOP RVF TF VOF FO NFOPS DBOUJEBE B MB IFNPHMPCJOB SFTVMUF NÈT FGJDJFOUFNFOUF MJCFSBEP FO MPT UFKJEPT EFM DVFSQP 32. /P 1PS MB BSUFSJB QVMNPOBS DJSDVMB TBOHSF DPO EJØYJEP EF DBSCPOP Z QPS MB WFOB QVMNPOBS TBOHSF PYJHFOBEB

33. a) &M EJØYJEP EF DBSCPOP TF VOF B MB GSBDDJØO QSPUFJDB EF MB IFNPHMPCJOB FM PYÓHFOP BM HSVQP IFNP

b) -B HMVDPTB GJMUSBEB TF SFBCTPSCF B OJWFM EFM UVCP DPOUPSOFBEP QSPYJNBM P MB SBNB BTDFOEFOUF EFM

14

4

Alimentación y salud

Página 74 1. -B BQFSUVSB IBDF SFGFSFODJB B RVF FO MB "OUJHàFEBE VOP EF MPT NÏEJDPT QJMBSFT EF MB NFEJDJOB )JQØDSBUFT NBOJGFTUBCB MB JNQPSUBODJB RVF UJFOF VOB CVFOB BMJNFOUBDJØO QBSB UFOFS VO FTUBEP TBMVEBCMF 2. $VBOEP )JQØDSBUFT EJDF iFM BMJNFOUP UV NFEJDJOBw FTUÈ IBDJFOEP SFGFSFODJB B RVF QBSB ÏM MPT IÈCJUPT BMJNFOUBSJPT TPO NVZ JNQPSUBOUFT QPSRVF FTUÈO JOWPMVDSBEPT FO MB TBMVE EF MPT JOEJWJEVPT 3. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT NBOJGJFTUFO MP RVF DPOPDFO BDFSDB EF MB JNQPSUBODJB RVF UJFOF MB BMJNFOUBDJØO QBSB NBOUFOFS VO FTUBEP TBMVEBCMF 4. &TUB QSFHVOUB QSFUFOEF JOEBHBS MBT JEFBT QSFWJBT RVF UJFOFO MPT BMVNOPT TPCSF FM DPODFQUP EF iBMJNFOUBDJØO TBMVEBCMFw Z KVTUJGJDBS TV FMFDDJØO

Página 76 5. -PT BMVNOPT QPESÈO EBS DVFOUB EF EJGFSFOUFT FKFNQMPT ZB TFBO GVODJPOFT QMÈTUJDBT QPS FKFNQMP DSFDFS SFHVMBEPSBT DPNP MB DPOUSBDDJØO NVTDVMBS P CJFO EFM UJQP FOFSHÏUJDP RVF JODMVZF MB JODBQBDJEBE EF MMFWBS B DBCP BDUJWJEBEFT RVF JNQMJDBO NPWJNJFOUP 6. 4F QSFUFOEF RVF EFNVFTUSFO MB JEFB RVF FMMPT UJFOFO EF MPT BMJNFOUPT RVF FT OFDFTBSJP JOHFSJS FO FM EFTBZVOP Z EF MPT OVUSJFOUFT RVF FTUPT BQPSUBO

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

b)

7. &TUB QSFHVOUB HVร B B MPT BMVNOPT QBSB RVF SFGMFYJPOFO TPCSF TVT Iร CJUPT FO DVBOUP BM EFTBZVOP Z RVF QVFEBO FWBMVBS TJ FTUร O MMFWBOEP B DBCP BDDJPOFT RVF OP TFBO CFOFGJDJPTBT QBSB TV TBMVE

Pรกgina 77 8. &O FTUB BDUJWJEBE MPT BMVNOPT QPOFO FO KVFHP MP RVF BQSFOEJFSPO TPCSF DPNJEB BMJNFOUP OVUSJFOUF Z UJQP EF OVUSJFOUF 9. 4F QSFUFOEF SFDVQFSBS MB JEFB EF RVF FO EJGFSFOUFT MVHBSFT DPOUFYUPT Z NPNFOUPT EF MB IJTUPSJB MBT DPTUVNCSFT BMJNFOUBSJBT TPO EJGFSFOUFT Z EFQFOEFO FOUSF PUSBT DPTBT EF MPT BMJNFOUPT RVF TF UJFOFO B NBOP DPNP JOTVNPT Cร TJDPT

Pรกgina 86 14. &O FTUF DBTP MB BDUJWJEBE CVTDB RVF MPT BMVNOPT UPNFO

Pรกgina 80 10. a) 4FHร O MB 0.4 MB JOHFTUB EF DMPSVSP EF TPEJP EFCF

Pรกgina 87 16. a) 1BSB PCUFOFS FTUPT EBUPT TF SFBMJ[BSPO FODVFTUBT B

TFS NFOPS B HSBNPT EJBSJPT 4VQPOJFOEP RVF VOB TBMDIJDIB QFTB H Z RVF UJFOF EF DMPSVSP EF TPEJP H TPMP TF QPESร B DPNFS VOB TBMDIJDIB Z OP TF QPESร BO JOHFSJS BM NFOPT QPS FTF Eร B BMJNFOUPT RVF DPOUVWJFSBO FTUB TVTUBODJB DPTB RVF FT DBTJ JNQPTJCMF QPSRVF DVBOEP DPNFNPT UPNBUF GSVUBT P WFSEVSBT FTUBNPT JOHJSJFOEP FM DMPSVSP EF TPEJP RVF TF FODVFOUSB FO FM DJUPQMBTNB EF TVT Dร MVMBT b) "VORVF OP OPT EFNPT DVFOUB FTUBNPT JOHJSJFOEP FM DMPSVSP EF TPEJP RVF TF FODVFOUSB FO FM DJUPQMBTNB EF MBT Dร MVMBT EFM UPNBUF Z EF MB MFDIVHB c) /P 1PSRVF DPOUJFOF VO CBKP QPSDFOUBKF EF QSPUFร OBT Z VO BMUP QPSDFOUBKF EF DMPSVSP EF TPEJP Z EF Mร QJEPT

MPT IBCJUBOUFT TPCSF MB DBOUJEBE EF DBSOF RVF DPNFO Z TF DBMDVMBSPO DVร OUP DPOTVNร BO FO VO Bร P 1PS PUSP MBEP TF JOWFTUJHร FM Oร NFSP EF QFSTPOBT RVF TVGSFO EF BOFNJB Z EFM QBQFM RVF DVNQMF FM IJFSSP FO MB QSFWFODJร O EF FTUB FOGFSNFEBE b) &TUF HSVQP EF BMJNFOUPT BQPSUB QSPUFร OBT IJFSSP Z BMHVOBT WJUBNJOBT Z OP BQPSUB IJESBUPT EF DBSCPOP OJ GJCSBT OJ DBMDJP c) -B 4PDJFEBE "SHFOUJOB EF /VUSJDJร O EFTUBDB MB JNQPSUBODJB EF DPOTVNJS EJBSJBNFOUF VOB NPEFSBEB QPSDJร O EF DBSOF WBSJBOEP FOUSF MBT EJGFSFOUFT PQDJPOFT EFOUSP EFM NJTNP HSVQP EF BMJNFOUPT Z USBUBS EF JODMVJS QSPHSFTJWBNFOUF QFTDBEP P NBSJTDPT Z SFFNQMB[BS MB DBSOF QPS MFHVNCSFT VOB P EPT WFDFT QPS TFNBOB "EFNร T FT OFDFTBSJP DPNFS NPEFSBEBNFOUF DBSOF SPKB Z FMFHJS MB EF DFSEP P QPMMP -BT Wร TDFSBT OP TPO BDPOTFKBCMFT d) 1VFEF TFS RVF MPT BMVNOPT IBHBO SFGFSFODJB BM TJEB FM Dร ODFS MB HSJQF ) / FUDร UFSB

Pรกgina 81 11. a) -PT BMVNOPT QPESร O SFGFSJSTF B MBT DPNJEBT Sร QJEBT Z UBNCJร O B MB DVFTUJร O EF OP UPNBSTF FM UJFNpo necesario para comer. b) $PO MBT FOGFSNFEBEFT OVUSJDJPOBMFT RVF QVFEFO USBFS BQBSFKBEPT QPS FKFNQMP QSPCMFNBT DBSEJPWBTDVMBSFT

Pรกgina 82 12. a) 4F QSFUFOEF RVF MPT BMVNOPT FYQPOHBO TVT JEFBT

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

EFCF QSPWFFS EF MPT OVUSJFOUFT OFDFTBSJPT B MPT CFCร T FO HFTUBDJร O b) 4F FTQFSB RVF QVFEBO QFOTBS FO RVF MPT DPNFEPSFT BUJFOEFO B MBT QPCMBDJPOFT Nร T WVMOFSBCMFT Z QSPQPSDJPOBO BMJNFOUPT JOEJTQFOTBCMFT QBSB QBMJBS FTUB TJUVBDJร O

TPCSF MB SFMBDJร O RVF FYJTUF FOUSF MB DBMJEBE EF WJEB Z MB BMJNFOUBDJร O b) 4F CVTDB RVF EJHBO RVF FM slow food CVTDB SFDVQFSBS FTUF UJQP EF DPNJEBT QPSRVF TF MMFWBO B DBCP DPO BMJNFOUPT RVF TPO Uร QJDPT EF MBT [POBT FO EPOEF TF SFBMJ[BO &T EFDJS TF TBMWBHVBSEB MB DVMUVSB Z UBNCJร O MB TBMVE

Pรกgina 85 13. a) -PT BMVNOPT QPESร O SFMBDJPOBS FTUPT EBUPT DPO MB JNQPSUBODJB EF VOB CVFOB OVUSJDJร O FO MBT QSJNFSBT FUBQBT EF MB WJEB ZB RVF FT FM NPNFOUP EF NBZPS EFTBSSPMMP 5BNCJร O QVFEFO SFGMFYJPOBS TPCSF FM QSPCMFNB EFM IBNCSF B OJWFM NVOEJBM Z TPCSF MB OVUSJDJร O EVSBOUF FM FNCBSB[P DVBOEP TF

DPODJFODJB EF MB JNQPSUBODJB EFM BDPNQBร BNJFOUP QTJDPMร HJDP FO FM USBUBNJFOUP EF FTUBT QBUPMPHร BT 15. &TUB QSFHVOUB SFGVFS[B MB BOUFSJPS Z EB QPTJCMFT MVHBSFT EF BZVEB B MPT DVBMFT QPESร BO SFDVSSJS FO DBTP EF FTUBS GSFOUF B FTUF UJQP EF QSPCMFNBT

Pรกgina 88 17. &M UFYUP QSFUFOEF FYQMJDBS MB UFOEFODJB RVF TF UJFOF B DPNFS FO FYDFTP EFTEF VOB QFSTQFDUJWB FWPMVUJWB Z EF Dร NP FM TFEFOUBSJTNP BDUVBM DPOUSJCVZF OFHBUJWBNFOUF B FTUB DPOEVDUB BMJNFOUBSJB 5BNCJร O CVTDB EBS FYQMJcaciรณn acerca de cuรกles son las consecuencias, para OVFTUSP PSHBOJTNP EFM DPOTVNP FYDFTJWP EF B[ร DBSFT Z cereales.

18. 4F QSFUFOEF RVF MPT BMVNOPT FYQMJDJUFO MBT KVTUJGJDBDJPOFT FWPMVUJWBT QBSB FYQMJDBS QPS RVร IBZ Nร T PCFTJEBE BIPSB RVF NJMFT EF Bร PT BUSร T 19. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT MMFHVFO B MB DPODMVTJร O EF RVF FTUF UFYUP TPMP FYQMJDB FM QSPCMFNB EF MB PCFTJEBE FO Uร SNJOPT FWPMVUJWPT QFSP RVF OP TF DPOUSBQPOF DPO MBT DVFTUJPOFT EFM IBNCSF

Pรกgina 89 20, 21 Z 22 3FTQVFTUBT BCJFSUBT Pรกgina 90 23. a) -PT QSPEVDUPT light UJFOFO VOB SFEVDDJร O FO FM QPS-

15

DFOUBKF EF BMHVOPT EF MPT JOHSFEJFOUFT DPO SFTQFDUP BM QSPEVDUP PSJHJOBM Z MPT QSPEVDUPT EJFUÏUJDPT QSFTFOUBO VOB NPEJGJDBDJØO FO BMHVOB EF TVT DBSBDUFSÓTUJDBT QFSP FTB NPEJGJDBDJØO OP TJFNQSF FTUÈ SFMBDJPOBEB DPO MB DBOUJEBE EF DBMPSÓBT b) "NCPT TPO USBTUPSOPT FO MB BMJNFOUBDJØO QFSP FO MB BOPSFYJB OP TF JOHJFSFO BMJNFOUPT NJFOUSBT RVF FO MB CVMJNJB FO PDBTJPOFT TF JOHJFSFO Z MVFHP TF WPNJUBO c) -PT BMJNFOUPT DPOUJFOFO OVUSJFOUFT RVF TPO MBT TVTUBODJBT OFDFTBSJBT QBSB FM CVFO GVODJPOBNJFOUP del organismo. d) -B NBMOVUSJDJØO FT VO EFTFRVJMJCSJP EF MB JODPSQPSBDJØO EF OVUSJFOUFT Z MB EFTOVUSJDJØO JNQMJDB EFGJciencia en dicha incorporación. e) $PNFS EFTQBDJP Z SFTQFUBS MB DVMUVSB SFHJPOBM TPO BMHVOPT EF MPT QSFDFQUPT EFM slow food, que se conUSBQPOF BM EF DPNJEB SÈQJEB Z IPNPHÏOFB EFM fast food. f) -PT NBDSPOVUSJFOUFT TF OFDFTJUBO FO HSBO DBOUJEBE FO MB EJFUB NJFOUSBT RVF MPT NJDSPOVUSJFOUFT TF OFDFTJUBO FO QPDB DBOUJEBE BVORVF TPO JOEJTQFOTBCMFT

28. &M NVOEP DPNFO[Ø B QSFTUBS BUFODJØO B FTUF UJQP EF BMJNFOUBDJØO DVBOEP B QBSUJS EF VOB JOWFTUJHBDJØO DJFOUÓGJDB TF EFTDVCSJØ RVF MBT QFSTPOBT RVF TF BMJNFOUBCBO B CBTF EF FTUPT JOHSFEJFOUFT QPTFÓBO OJWFMFT EF DPMFTUFSPM NFOPSFT B MPT RVF TPTUFOÓBO PUSPT UJQPT EF EJFUBT

Página 91 29. a) 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB b) 1BSB FM DSFDJNJFOUP Z EFTBSSPMMP EF MPT IVFTPT FT necesario incorporar calcio, para la formación de HMØCVMPT SPKPT IJFSSP Z QBSB FM EFTBSSPMMP EFM TJTUFNB OFSWJPTP ÈDJEP GØMJDP Z GØTGPSP

30. a), b) Z c) $BSOF MÈDUFPT Z TVT EFSJWBEPT GSVUBT Z WFSEVSBT pescado, pollo.

31. a) "MJNFOUPT RVF DPOUFOHBO IJFSSP DPNP DBSOF FTQJOBDB Z MFOUFKB

b) %JTNJOVJS MB JOHFTUB EF IJESBUPT EF DBSCPOP 4FHVSBNFOUF EFCFSÈ DPOTVNJS NFOPT QBO QBTUBT Z DFreales. c) 5FOESÈ RVF DPNFS BMJNFOUPT RVF OP UFOHBO DPMFTUFSPM $BCF SFDPSEBS RVF FTUF MÓQJEP FT EF PSJHFO BOJNBM Z TF FODVFOUSB FO MB NBOUFDB Z MBT HSBTBT

24. a) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT IBHBO SFGFSFODJB B RVF MPT OVUSJDJPOJTUBT TPO OFDFTBSJPT QBSB HVJBS MB BMJNFOUBDJØO MBT EJGFSFOUFT QFSTPOBT TFHÞO TVT OFDFsidades fisiológicas. b) &MBCPSBS QMBOFT BMJNFOUBSJPT BEFDVBEPT UFOJFOEP FO DVFOUB FM FTUBEP EF TBMVE MB FEBE MB BDUJWJEBE GÓTJDB FUD EF MPT JOEJWJEVPT

32. a) 'BMTP -PT BMJNFOUPT UBNCJÏO QSPWFFO EF NJOFSBMFT WJUBNJOBT FO BMHVOPT DBTPT EF GJCSBT FUDÏUFSB

b) "NCPT UJQPT EF DBSOF QSPWFFO EF QSPUFÓOBT Z EF NJOFSBMFT 4J CJFO UJFOFO EJTUJOUBT QSPQPSDJPOFT EF ellos. c) 'BMTP "NCPT UJQPT DPOUJFOFO OVUSJFOUFT EF BMUP WBlor. d) 4J TF DPNFO FO FYDFTP Z OP TF SFBMJ[B VOB BDUJWJEBE GÓTJDB BQSPQJBEB FOHPSEBO e) 4Ó 1PSRVF FT VO EFSJWBEP MÈDUFP f) 'BMTP -BT GSVUBT TFDBT MB BDFMHB FM CSØDPMJ FUD UBNCJÏO TPO GVFOUF EF DBMDJP g) 'BMTP $VBOEP DPNFNPT DBSOF JODPSQPSBNPT BHVB Z IJFSSP RVF TPO FKFNQMPT EF OVUSJFOUFT JOPSHÈOJDPT

25. a) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT IBHBO SFGFSFODJB BM TFEFOUBSJTNP Z FM FYDFTP EF DPNJEB DPNP DBVTBT EF MB PCFTJEBE BEFNÈT EF VOB UFOEFODJB EF MB QPCMBDJØO IVNBOB B FTUB FOGFSNFEBE EFCJEP B TVT DPTUVNCSFT b) 1VFEFO IBDFS SFGFSFODJB B MBT QBSUFT EFM DBQÓUVMP EPOEF TF NFODJPOBO MB DBMJEBE EF WJEB MB OVUSJDJØO MB BOUSPQPMPHÓB BMJNFOUBSJB FUDÏUFSB

26. a) 4F FTQFSB RVF QVFEBO QFOTBS RVF MB PCFTJEBE UBN-

16

5

Transformaciones de la materia y la energía en las células

Página 98 1. 1BTUFVS BGJSNBCB FTUP QPSRVF FODPOUSØ DJFSUB SFMBDJØO FOUSF FTUF QSPDFTP Z VOB iGVFS[B WJUBMw RVF TF IBMMBCB FO MBT MFWBEVSBT WJWBT 2. -B EFOPNJOBDJØO iGFSNFOUPTw VUJMJ[BEB QPS 1BTUFVS QSPWJFOF EFM MBUÓO fermentum RVF TJHOJGJDB MFWBEVSB &O FM GJTJØMPHP BMFNÈO 8JMIFN ' ,àIOF DPNFO[Ø B VTBS FM UÏSNJOP iFO[JNBw .ÈT UBSEF FM BMFNÈO &EVBSE #VDIOFS MPHSØ BJTMBS MB [JNBTB VOB NF[DMB EF FO[JNBT RVF JOUFSWJFOFO FO MB GFSNFOUBDJØO BMDPIØMJDB 'VF MB QSJNFSB WF[ RVF QVEP SFBMJ[BSTF VOB SFBDDJØO FO[JNÈUJDB GVFSB EF VO TFS WJWP

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

CJÏO QVFEF TFS PDBTJPOBEB QPS MB QPCSF[B EFCJEP B VO EFTFRVJMJCSJP FO DVBOUP B MPT OVUSJFOUFT RVF pueden ser consumidos en esas condiciones. b) &TUB GBNJMJB EFCF FOGSFOUBS VOB NBZPS QSPCBCJMJEBE EF FOGFSNBSTF QPS DBSFODJB EF DJFSUPT OVUSJFOUFT Z FO FM DBTP EF MPT NÈT QFRVF×PT WFS DPOTFDVFODJBT FO MB NBEVSBDJØO EF TV TJTUFNB OFSWJPTP Z FO TV TJTUFNB PTUFPBSUSPNVTDVMBS c) &O MPT OJ×PT NFOPSFT EF VO B×P FT FO MPT RVF TF EB FM NBZPS DSFDJNJFOUP EFM TJTUFNB OFSWJPTP Z QPS MP UBOUP MPT EB×PT QSPEVDJEPT QPS MB NBMB OVUSJDJØO FO FTF NPNFOUP TPO JSSFWFSTJCMFT d) -PT BMVNOPT EFCFO JODMVJS BMJNFOUPT RVF DPOUFOHBO OVUSJFOUFT EF GVODJØO QMÈTUJDB FOFSHÏUJDB Z reguladora.

27. 1BSB FTUB BDUJWJEBE MPT BMVNOPT EFCFSÈO SFDVQFSBS MB JOGPSNBDJØO RVF UJFOFO TPCSF MPT OVUSJFOUFT RVF DPOUJFOF FM QFTDBEP Z MPT CFOFGJDJPT RVF UJFOF FTUF BMJNFOUP QBSB SFEVDJS FM DPMFTUFSPM

3. &M CPMMP EF NBTB TF EFKB MFWBS FO VO MVHBS Dร MJEP UBQB-

c) 1BSB MMFWBSTF B DBCP MBT SFBDDJPOFT FOEFSHร OJDBT

EP Z DPO QPDP PYร HFOP QBSB GBWPSFDFS MB BDDJร O EF MBT FO[JNBT RVF JOUFSWJFOFO FO MB GFSNFOUBDJร O 4. -B [JNBTB FT VOB NF[DMB EF FO[JNBT RVF TJOUFUJ[BO MBT MFWBEVSBT Z RVF JOUFSWJFOF FO MB EFHSBEBDJร O EF MB HMVDPTB EVSBOUF MB GFSNFOUBDJร O BMDPIร MJDB 6OB FO[JNB DPOPDJEB QVFEF TFS MB BNJMBTB -BT FO[JNBT JOUFSWJFOFO FO MB USBOTGPSNBDJร O EF DJFSUPT SFBDUJWPT P TVTUSBUPT FO QSPEVDUPT ร UJMFT QBSB RVF MB Dร MVMB EFTBSSPMMF TVT GVODJPOFT WJUBMFT

OFDFTJUBO MB FOFSHร B RVF FTUร BMNBDFOBEB FO FM "51 d) &O VOB SFBDDJร O BOBCร MJDB TF DPOTVNF "51

Pรกgina 99 5. a) Z b) 3FTQVFTUBT BCJFSUBT &T QSPCBCMF RVF MB MJTUB EF MBT GPSNBT RVF UJFOF QBSB HBTUBS MB FOFSHร B TFB Nร T FYUFOTB RVF MB EF MBT GPSNBT RVF UJFOF QBSB JODPSQPSBSMB

Pรกgina 100 6. a) &O MBT Dร MVMBT WFHFUBMFT MB FOFSHร B QSPWJFOF EFM TPM &O MBT BOJNBMFT EF MB NBUFSJB PSHร OJDB RVF incorporan. b) &O BNCPT DBTPT FM QSPDFTP TF EFOPNJOB iSFTQJSBDJร O DFMVMBSw Z OP EFCFSร B DPOGVOEJSTF DPO MB SFTQJraciรณn "a secas", que es el proceso mecรกnico por el DVBM MPT PSHBOJTNPT DPNQMFKPT GPSNBEPT QPS TJTUFmas de รณrganos โ como los seres humanosโ haceNPT JOHSFTBS FM PYร HFOP FO OVFTUSP DVFSQP

c) 4VTUBODJBT RVF ingresan 4VTUBODJBT RVF egresan

Cรฉlula vegetal 02 $02, H20 Z sales minerales $02 Z 02

Cรฉlula animal .BUFSJB PSHร OJDB Z 02 $02, Z SFTJEVPT PSHร OJDPT

&OUSF FTUBT Dร MVMBT MB EJGFSFODJB DFOUSBM FT RVF MBT Dร MVMBT WFHFUBMFT NBOUJFOFO VO iTBMEP OFUPw Nร T DFSDBOP B DFSP NJFOUSBT RVF MBT Dร MVMBT BOJNBMFT QFSNBOFOUFNFOUF DPOTVNFO 02 Z QSPEVDFO $02.

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Pรกgina 101 7. -B FOFSHร B Z MB NBUFSJB OFDFTBSJBT QBSB OVFTUSP DSFDJNJFOUP QSPWJFOFO EF MPT OVUSJFOUFT RVF TF FODVFOUSBO FO MPT BMJNFOUPT RVF JOHFSJNPT &O MB BEPMFTDFODJB MB JOHFTUB EF BMJNFOUPT FT NBZPS RVF FO PUSBT ร QPDBT EF MB WJEB QPSRVF QSFDJTBNFOUF FM PSHBOJTNP OFDFTJUB NVDIB NBUFSJB Z FOFSHร B QPSRVF FTUร DSFDJFOEP -PT QSPDFTPT BOBCร MJDPT TPO NVDIP Nร T OVNFSPTPT RVF MPT QSPDFTPT DBUBCร MJDPT 8. &O MPT NPUPSFT USBEJDJPOBMFT FM SFOEJNJFOUP FOFSHร UJDP FT EF BMSFEFEPS EFM &TP TJHOJGJDB RVF FM EF MB FOFSHร B MJCFSBEB B QBSUJS EFM DPNCVTUJCMF TF EJTJQB FO GPSNB EF DBMPS &O MBT Dร MVMBT FTUF SFOEJNJFOUP PTDJMB FOUSF FM Z FM QPS DJFOUP -BT Dร MVMBT TPO MBT iNร RVJOBTw Nร T FGJDJFOUFT DPOPDJEBT

Pรกgina 102 9. a) &M "51 USBOTQPSUB FOFSHร B EFTEF MBT SFBDDJPOFT exergรณnicas hacia las reacciones endergรณnicas.

b) -BT SFBDDJPOFT FYFSHร OJDBT TPO QSPEVDUPSBT EF

Pรกgina 103 10. %FTEF FM QVOUP EF WJTUB EF MB UFPSร B DJOร UJDP NPMFDVMBS FM BVNFOUP EF MB UFNQFSBUVSB BVNFOUB MB FOFSHร B DJOร UJDB EF MBT QBSUร DVMBT Z QPS DPOTJHVJFOUF FM Oร NFSP EF DIPRVFT FOUSF FMMBT %F FTUF NPEP TF BDFMFSB MB WFMPDJEBE EF MB SFBDDJร O RVร NJDB 11. -B FOUSFHB EF FOFSHร B FO GPSNB EF DBMPS IBSร RVF MPT SFBDUJWPT BMDBODFO FM FTUBEP BDUJWBEP Nร T Sร QJEP QPSRVF BVNFOUB TV FOFSHร B DJOร UJDB

Pรกgina 106 12. 4F QVFEF JOBDUJWBS QPSRVF TV TJUJP BDUJWP TF EFGPSNB JNQJEJFOEP RVF FODBKF FM TVTUSBUP

13. -PT TVTUSBUPT RVF OP TPO USBOTGPSNBEPT QPS MBT FO[JNBT QVFEFO BDVNVMBSTF FO MB Dร MVMB QSPEVDJFOEP EFTFRVJMJCSJPT NFUBCร MJDPT P DPOWFSUJSTF FO TVTUBODJBT Uร YJDBT

Pรกgina 107 14. -B FO[JNB EFTOBUVSBMJ[BEB QJFSEF TV DPOGPSNBDJร O FTQBDJBM TF EFGPSNB TV TJUJP BDUJWP Z TF JOBDUJWB &O MBT FO[JNBT DVZB FTUSVDUVSB FT TFODJMMB MB BDUJWJEBE TF SFDVQFSB &O MBT RVF TPO DPNQMFKBT FO DBNCJP DBTJ TJFNQSF FT JSSFWFSTJCMF

Pรกgina 109 15. "M JHVBM RVF MPT TVTUSBUPT MPT JOIJCJEPSFT DPNQFUJUJWPT TPO FTQFDร GJDPT QBSB DBEB FO[JNB -B DPNQFUFODJB UJFOF MVHBS QPSRVF FTUPT JOIJCJEPSFT TPO FTUSVDUVSBMNFOUF NVZ TJNJMBSFT B MPT TVTUSBUPT OBUVSBMFT EF MBT FO[JNBT 16. &O Uร SNJOPT FTUSVDUVSBMFT FM JOIJCJEPS DPNQFUJUJWP IBCJUVBMNFOUF FT NVZ QBSFDJEP BM TVTUSBUP %FCJEP B FTUB TJNJMJUVE MPHSB DPNQFUJS QPS FM TJUJP BDUJWP EF MB FO[JNB

Pรกgina 111 17. a) -PT NPEFMPT EF DBTRVFUF TPO MPT RVF EBO VOB NFKPS JEFB TPCSF MB EJTQPTJDJร O FTQBDJBM EF MB NPMร DVMB EF FUBOPM b) -PT NPEFMPT USJEJNFOTJPOBMFT UJFOFO MB WFOUBKB EF RVF TF QVFEFO NJSBS EFTEF UPEPT MPT ร OHVMPT QPTJCMFT &TUP OPT QFSNJUF BQSFDJBS Dร NP MB NPMร DVMB TF EJTQPOF FO FM FTQBDJP Z QPS MP UBOUP OPT QVFEF BZVEBS B QSFEFDJS TV DPNQPSUBNJFOUP FO EFUFSNJnadas condiciones. c) &O MB BDUVBMJEBE TF QSFGJFSF FM VTP EF NPEFMPT EF DBTRVFUF GSFOUF B MPT EF CPMBT Z WBSJMMBT QPSRVF EBO VOB JEFB Nร T BDBCBEB EF Dร NP WJTVBMJ[BS MBT VOJPOFT RVร NJDBT TPCSF UPEP MBT DPWBMFOUFT FO MBT RVF TF DPNQBSUFO FMFDUSPOFT Z QPS MP UBOUP MBT EJTUBODJBT FOUSF ร UPNPT OP TPO UBO HSBOEFT DPNP QBSFDFSร B BQSFDJBSTF FO MPT NPEFMPT EF CPMBT Z WBSJMMBT d) 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB

FOFSHร B

17

a) -B QBSUF EF MB FO[JNB RVF FODBKB DPO FM TVTUSBUP FT FM EFOPNJOBEP TJUJP BDUJWP 4J QPS BMHร O NPUJWP TF NPEJGJDBSB MB GPSNB USJEJNFOTJPOBM EFM TJUJP BDUJWP OP TF QPESร B JOUFSBDDJPOBS DPO FM TVTUSBUP Z OP TF GPSNBSร B FM DPNQMFKP FO[JNB TVTUSBUP b) 4ร QPSRVF QPEFNPT BQSFDJBS Dร NP JOUFSBDDJPOBO FM TVTUSBUP Z MB FO[JNB FO FM FTQBDJP c) En principio, podemos decir que, de los mencionaEPT MB QMBTUJMJOB FT FM NBUFSJBM RVF NFKPS TF BEBQUร QBSB OVFTUSP QSPQร TJUP ZB RVF QVEJNPT DPOTUSVJS NPEFMPT USJEJNFOTJPOBMFT DPO FMMB d) 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB

Pรกgina 112 19. &O FM EJBHSBNB TF EFCFO WJODVMBS MPT DPODFQUPT EF NBOFSB UBM RVF RVFEF DMBSP MP TJHVJFOUF FO MB WFKF[ EJTNJOVZF MB QSPEVDDJร O EF MB FO[JNB DBUBMBTB QPS MP UBOUP BVNFOUB MB DPODFOUSBDJร O EF QFSร YJEP EF IJESร HFOP "EFNร T TF QSPEVDF NFOPT .TS MP RVF JNQJEF RVF TF SFQBSF FM EBร P QSPEVDJEP QPS FM QFSร YJEP -B BMUFSBDJร O FO MB QSPEVDDJร O EF QFSร YJEP Z .TS QSPWPDB VOB NFOPS DPODFOUSBDJร O EF UJSPTJOBTB RVF GBDJMJUB MB USBOTGFSFODJB EF NFMBOJOB IBDJB MB SBร [ EFM DBCFMMP QPS MP UBOUP BM IBCFS NFOPS DBOUJEBE EF UPEBT FTUBT TVTUBODJBT BQBSFDFO MBT DBOBT 20. -BT FO[JNBT RVF JOUFSWJFOFO FO FTB SVUB TPO MB DBUBMBTB MB UJSPTJOBTB Z MBT NFUJPOJOBT TVMGร YJEP SFEVDUBTBT " Z # 21. $POTJEFSBOEP MB EFTDSJQDJร O EF MB iSVUBw NFUBCร MJDB EPT QPTJCMFT USBUBNJFOUPT QPESร BO TFS BENJOJTUSBS MB FO[JNB DBUBMBTB P MB FO[JNB .TS QBSB SFTUJUVJS TV BDUJWJEBE FO MPT GPMร DVMPT QJMPTPT 0USB FTUSBUFHJB QPESร B TFS BENJOJTUSBS B MPT QBDJFOUFT NPEVMBEPSFT QPTJUJWPT EF MB BDUJWJEBE EF FTUBT FO[JNBT 22. &TUB QSFHVOUB FTUร QFOTBEB DPNP EJTQBSBEPS QBSB RVF TF BCSB VO EFCBUF FOUSF MPT BMVNOPT BDFSDB EF MBT JNQMJDBODJBT RVF UJFOFO MPT EFTDVCSJNJFOUPT DJFOUร GJDPT FO MB WJEB DPUJEJBOB Z MB FDPOPNร B

Pรกgina 113 23. 3FDJCJร FTF OPNCSF QPSRVF EVSBOUF TJHMPT FM BSTร OJDP CMBODP GVF DPOTJEFSBEP FM WFOFOP JEFBM FT EJGร DJM RVF MB Wร DUJNB MP QFSDJCB ZB RVF OP UJFOF PMPS OJ TBCPS Z TF EJTVFMWF CJFO FO BHVB MFDIF Z WJOP TJO DPMPSFBSMPT &TUBT QSPQJFEBEFT MP DPOWJSUJFSPO FO VOP EF MPT Uร YJDPT QSFGFSJEPT QPS MPT FOWFOFOBEPSFT EF UPEBT MBT ร QPDBT 24. $BUBMJ[B VOB SFBDDJร O DBUBCร MJDB EF EFHSBEBDJร O

25. )BDJFOEP FTBT DPOTJEFSBDJPOFT FTUSVDUVSBMFT FT QPDP QSPCBCMF RVF TFB VO JOIJCJEPS DPNQFUJUJWP &O DBNCJP QPESร B TFS VO JOIJCJEPS OP DPNQFUJUJWP P EJSFDUBNFOUF VO JOIJCJEPS JSSFWFSTJCMF 26. %FOUSP EF MBT Dร MVMBT PDVSSFO QFSNBOFOUFNFOUF UPEB DMBTF EF SFBDDJPOFT EF Tร OUFTJT Z EFHSBEBDJร O 5PEPT MPT QSPDFTPT NFUBCร MJDPT DFMVMBSFT JOWPMVDSBO FOFSHร B 1BSB NBOUFOFS FO GVODJPOBNJFOUP UPEBT TVT FTUSVDUVSBT Z UPEB TV PSHBOJ[BDJร O NPMFDVMBS MBT Dร MVMBT HBTUBO FOFSHร B FO GPSNB QFSNBOFOUF 1PS FTP TJ OP IBZ FOFSHร B EJTQPOJCMF QBSB SFQPOFSMB MBT Dร MVMBT NVFSFO

18

Pรกgina 114 27. a) $BUBCร MJDP b) "OBCร MJDP c) "OBCร MJDP d) $BUBCร MJDP e) "OBCร MJDP 28. a) &M Q) ร QUJNP QBSB MB USJQTJOB FT EF BMSFEFEPS EF es decir, alcalino.

b) &M Q) EFM BHVB QVSB FT OFVUSP FM EFM WJOBHSF FT ร DJEP Z FM EFM BHVB DPO BNPOร BDP FT BMDBMJOP &O FM BHVB DPO BNPOร BDP BDUร B NFKPS MB USJQTJOB c) -B UFNQFSBUVSB ร QUJNB QBSB MB USJQTJOB FT EF BMSFEFEPS EF MPT ย $ 4J MB UFNQFSBUVSB TF JODSFNFOUB ESร TUJDBNFOUF MB FO[JNB TF EFTOBUVSBMJ[B Z TF JOBDUJWB 29. &T QSPCBCMF RVF MB FO[JNB FO DVFTUJร O UFOHB VOB UFNQFSBUVSB ร QUJNB NVZ CBKB BM SFBMJ[BS MBT QSVFCBT B UFNQFSBUVSBT NBZPSFT oDPNP MBT EF VO MBCPSBUPSJP FO #VFOPT "JSFTo MB FO[JNB OP GVODJPOB 1BSB SFBMJ[BS FOTBZPT FO MPT RVF MB FO[JNB GVODJPOF TFSร B OFDFTBSJP VUJMJ[BS DPOEJDJPOFT Nร T DFSDBOBT B MBT ร QUJNBT 1PS FKFNQMP SFBMJ[BS MBT SFBDDJPOFT FO CBร PT con hielo.

30. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT SFDPOP[DBO RVF UBM DPNP TF PCTFSWB FO FM DVBESP MB QSFTFODJB EF MB FO[JNB SFEVDF DBTJ EJF[ WFDFT MB FOFSHร B EF BDUJWBDJร O EF MB SFBDDJร O 31. -B PQDJร O DPSSFDUB FT MB a).

32. El enunciado falso es el d) -BT WFMPDJEBEFT EF SFBDDJร O EFQFOEFO EF RVF FM FODVFOUSP FOUSF MPT SFBDUJWPT PDVSSB FO GPSNB BEFDVBEB $VBOUP Nร T FMFWBEB FT MB UFNQFSBUVSB Nร T QSPCBCJMJEBE IBZ EF RVF FM FODVFOUSP FOUSF MBT NPMร DVMBT TFB iGBWPSBCMFw

Pรกgina 115 33. &O FM UVCP IBZ TVTUSBUP MB DSFNB EF MB MFDIF Z FO[JNB 0DVSSF MB SFBDDJร O FO[JNร UJDB Z FM JOEJDBEPS WJSB BM DPMPS B[VM FO QSFTFODJB EF ร DJEPT HSBTPT &O FM UVCP IBZ TVTUSBUP QFSP OP IBZ FO[JNB 1PS MP UBOUP FM JOEJDBEPS OP DBNCJBSร EF DPMPS TF NBOUJFOF SPTB &O FM UVCP FTUร QSFTFOUF MB FO[JNB QFSP OP IBZ TVTUSBUP &M JOEJDBEPS QFSNBOFDF SPTB QPSRVF OP IBZ GPSNBDJร O EF รกcidos grasos.

34. &O FM UVCP OP PDVSSF OBEB TPMP IBZ BHVB PYJHFOBEB &O FM UVCP IBZ GPSNBDJร O EF CVSCVKBT EFCJEP BM EFTQSFOEJNJFOUP EF PYร HFOP &O FM UVCP IBZ VOB MFWF GPSNBDJร O EF CVSCVKBT ZB RVF B CBKBT UFNQFSBUVSB MB DBUBMBTB EJTNJOVZF NVDIP TV BDUJWJEBE &O FM UVCP IBZ VO GVFSUF EFTQSFOEJNJFOUP EF CVSCVKBT ZB RVF MB USJUVSBDJร O EFM Iร HBEP BVNFOUB MB TVQFSGJDJF EF DPOUBDUP FOUSF MB DBUBMBTB QSFTFOUF FO FM Iร HBEP Z FM BHVB PYJHFOBEB TVTUSBUP

&O FM UVCP OP IBCSร GPSNBDJร O EF CVSCVKBT QPSRVF MB DBUBMBTB BM JHVBM RVF FM SFTUP EF MBT FO[JNBT QFSEJร TV BDUJWJEBE CJPMร HJDB QPS MB UFNQFSBUVSB BMDBO[BEB DVBOEP TF IJSWJร FM Iร HBEP 35. &M FUBOPM DPNQJUF DPO FM NFUBOPM QPS FM TJUJP BDUJWP EF MB FO[JNB 1PS MP UBOUP DVBOEP TF VOF B ร M FO GPSNB USBOTJUPSJB Z OP DPWBMFOUF IBDF RVF MB PYJEBDJร O EFM NFUBOPM TFB Nร T MFOUB Z OP TF BDVNVMFO NFUBCPMJUPT Uร YJDPT 4F USBUB EF VOB JOIJCJDJร O SFWFSTJCMF Z DPNQFUJUJWB

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

18.

36.

HMVDPTB IBDFO GBMUB EPT WVFMUBT EFM DJDMP EF ,SFCT 6OB QPS DBEB QJSVWBUP QSPWFOJFOUF EF MB HMVDร MJTJT

a) 4F QSPEVDF VOB JOIJCJDJร O SFWFSTJCMF EF UJQP DPNQFUJUJWB ZB RVF MBT GPSNVMBT FTUSVDUVSBMFT EF MB WJUBNJOB , Z EFM EJDVNBSPM UJFOFO DJFSUB TFNFKBO[B b) &M EJDVNBSPM TF VUJMJ[B FO WFOFOPT QBSB SBUBT "M CMPRVFBS MBT SFEVDUBTBT RVF DPOWJFSUFO MB IJESPRVJOPOB Z MB WJUBNJOB , FQร YJEP FO WJUBNJOB , JNQJEF RVF FTUB ร MUJNB JOUFSWFOHB FO MB QSPEVDDJร O EF GBDUPSFT EF DPBHVMBDJร O Z FOUPODFT FM BOJNBM NVFSF QPSRVF TF QSPEVDFO IFNPSSBHJBT JOUFSOBT

6

La obtenciรณn y la utilizaciรณn de nutrientes en la cรฉlula

Pรกgina 116 1. -B NPMร DVMB EF "51 QVFEF DPOTJEFSBSTF VOB DPFO[JNB USBOTQPSUBEPSB EF HSVQPT GPTGBUP

Pรกgina 126 11. -PT FMFDUSPOFT QSPEVDJEPT FO FM DJDMP EF ,SFCT TPO USBOTQPSUBEPT QPS VOB DBEFOB EF QSPUFร OBT VCJDBEBT FO MB NFNCSBOB JOUFSOB EF MBT NJUPDPOESJBT EFTEF OJWFMFT EF FOFSHร B TVQFSJPSFT IBTUB OJWFMFT JOGFSJPSFT &TUPT QBTBKFT MJCFSBO HSBO DBOUJEBE EF FOFSHร B QBSUF EF MB DVBM FT VUJMJ[BEB QBSB MB GPTGPSJMBDJร O PYJEBUJWB FT EFDJS QBSB MB GPSNBDJร O EF "51 &M USBOTQPSUF EF FMFDUSPOFT TF WFSJGJDB EFTEF MBT DPFO[JNBT SFEVDJEBT /"%) Z '"%)2 QSPWFOJFOUFT EFM DJDMP EF ,SFCT IBTUB TV ร MUJNP BDFQUPS MB NPMร DVMB EF 02 Z TF DPOPDF DPNP DBEFOB EF USBOTQPSUF EF FMFDUSPOFT 12. &M PYร HFOP QSPWJFOF EF MB GBTF EF JOTQJSBDJร O RVF TF MMFWB B DBCP FO MB NFDร OJDB SFTQJSBUPSJB &TUF HBT FT USBOTQPSUBEP QPS FM TJTUFNB DJSDVMBUPSJP Z MVFHP JOHSFTB FO MBT Dร MVMBT QPS VO NFDBOJTNP EF USBOTQPSUF DFMVlar llamado difusiรณn.

2. -BT SFBDDJPOFT RVร NJDBT RVF DPOTVNFO "51 TPO MBT SFacciones endergรณnicas.

3. &M "51 TF HFOFSB FO MBT SFBDDJPOFT DBUBCร MJDBT Z TF DPOTVNF FO MBT SFBDDJPOFT BOBCร MJDBT " FTUB NPMร DVMB TF MB DPOTJEFSB VO JOUFSNFEJBSJP FOFSHร UJDP QPSRVF USBOTQPSUB MB FOFSHร B RVF TF OFDFTJUB QBSB RVF TF MMFWFO B DBCP MBT SFBDDJPOFT BOBCร MJDBT 4. -B FOFSHร B QBSB MB GPSNBDJร O EF "51 QSPWJFOF EF MB DPNCVTUJร O EF NPMร DVMBT PSHร OJDBT DPNP MB HMVDPTB

Pรกgina 117 5. -B NFNCSBOB QMBTNร UJDB FT BTJNร USJDB QPSRVF QPTFF NPMร DVMBT EF IJESBUPT EF DBSCPOP VOJEBT B MBT QSPUFร OBT Z B MPT Mร QJEPT FO MB DBSB RVF iNJSBw IBDJB FM NFEJP FYUSBDFMVMBS 6. -BT QSPUFร OBT RVF JOUFSWJFOFO FO FM USBOTQPSUF EF EJTUJOUBT TVTUBODJBT P JPOFT B USBWร T EF MB NFNCSBOB TPO MBT QSPUFร OBT DBOBM Z MBT QSPUFร OBT USBOTQPSUBEPSBT

Pรกgina 121 7. %PDF NPMร DVMBT EF HMJDFSBMEFIร EP GPTGBUP TF GPSNBO

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

FO TFJT WVFMUBT EFM DJDMP EF $BMWJO Z DPO EPT NPMร DVMBT TF TJOUFUJ[B VOB EF HMVDPTB 1PS MP UBOUP QBSB TJOUFUJ[BS VOB NPMร DVMB EF HMVDPTB TF OFDFTJUBO TFJT WVFMUBT EFM DJDMP EF $BMWJO 8. 1PS DBEB DBSCPOP JODPSQPSBEP BM DJDMP EF $BMWJO TF DPOTVNFO EPT NPMร DVMBT EF "51

Pรกgina 122 9. a) &O MB QSJNFSB GBTF EF MB RVJNJPTร OUFTJT MB reacciรณn de oxidaciรณn EF TVTUBODJBT inorgรกnicas da la enerHร B QBSB GPTGPSJMBS FM ADP por un proceso denominado fosforilaciรณn oxidativa 1BSUF EFM "51 TF VTB QBSB PCUFOFS NADH. b) En la segunda fase, se produce la fijaciรณn del diรณxido de carbono.

Pรกgina 125 10. 1BSB RVF TF PYJEF DPNQMFUBNFOUF VOB NPMร DVMB EF

Pรกgina 127 13. a) (MVDร MJTJT SFTQJSBDJร O BFSร CJDB MB GFSNFOUBDJร O Mร DUJDB Z MB BMDPIร MJDB Z

b) -B HMVDร MJTJT MB GFSNFOUBDJร O Mร DUJDB Z MB GFSNFOUBDJร O BMDPIร MJDB TF MMFWBO B DBCP FO FM DJUPQMBTNB DFMVMBS -B SFTQJSBDJร O BFSร CJDB FO MB NBUSJ[ NJUPcondrial. c) &O DJFSUBT DPOEJDJPOFT DPNP MB GBMUB EF PYร HFOP MBT Dร MVMBT NVTDVMBSFT QPS FKFNQMP QVFEFO SFBMJ[BS MB GFSNFOUBDJร O Mร DUJDB QBSB PCUFOFS FOFSHร B 14. -BT GFSNFOUBDJPOFT Mร DUJDB Z BMDPIร MJDB TPO EPT QSPDFTPT FYFSHร OJDPT FT EFDJS MJCFSBO FOFSHร B FO GPSNB EF "51

15.

Vรญa metabรณlica 3FTQJSBDJร O BFSร CJDB 'FSNFOUBDJร O Mร DUJDB 'FSNFOUBDJร O BMDPIร MJDB

Rendimiento "51 "51 "51

&M SFOEJNJFOUP EF MB PYJEBDJร O EF VOB NPMร DVMB EF HMVDPTB FT NVDIP NBZPS DVBOEP MB Wร B DBUBCร MJDB VUJMJ[BEB FT MB SFTQJSBDJร O BFSร CJDB

Pรกgina 129 16. a) Tubo 1 2

Levaduras X X X X X X

Glucosa X X X X

NaF X X

X X

Agua destilada

X X X X

b) -B TVTQFOTJร O BDVPTB EF MFWBEVSBT RVF SFBMJ[BO SFTQJSBDJร O BFSร CJDB P BOBFSร CJDB MB HMVDPTB TVTUSBUP EF MB SFTQJSBDJร O FM GMVPSVSP EF TPEJP RVF JOIJCF MB Wร B BFSร CJDB FM UJFNQP Z MB UFNQFSBUVSB c) 1FSNBOFDFO DPOTUBOUFT FO UPEPT MPT UVCPT MB DBOUJEBE EF MFWBEVSBT Z MB UFNQFSBUVSB

19

d) &O FM Z FM IBZ GMVPSVSP EF TPEJP Z TPMP TF MMFWB B DBCP MB SFTQJSBDJร O BOBFSร CJDB &O DBNCJP FO MPT UVCPT Z OP IBZ GMVPSVSP EF TPEJP Z QPS MP UBOUP PDVSSF MB SFTQJSBDJร O BFSร CJDB e) 1PSRVF UJFOFO MFWBEVSBT Z GMVPSVSP EF TPEJP QFSP OP FM TVTUSBUP EF MB SFBDDJร O HMVDPTB

f) 2VF FO MPT UVCPT EJTNJOVZF MB DBOUJEBE EF HMVDPTB &O MPT RVF PDVSSF MB SFTQJSBDJร O BOBFSร CJDB MB HMVDPTB TF BHPUB Nร T Sร QJEBNFOUF RVF FO MPT RVF IBZ SFTQJSBDJร O BFSร CJDB g) &M UJFNQP ZB RVF MBT NVFTUSBT TF UPNBO DBEB EJF[ NJOVUPT h) -B HMVDPTB DVZB DPODFOUSBDJร O DBNCJB B NFEJEB RVF USBOTDVSSF FM UJFNQP QPSRVF FT DPOTVNJEB QBSB PCUFOFS FOFSHร B QPS MBT MFWBEVSBT 5BNCJร O QPESร B IBCFSTF NFEJEP MB DBOUJEBE EF PYร HFOP P EF EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP FO MB Dร NBSB EF BJSF RVF UJFOF FM UVCP i) 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB

Pรกgina 130 17. &M DPODFQUP EF CJPNJNFTJT FT QBSUF EFM QFOTBNJFOUP DJFOUร GJDP RVF SFUPNB FM FTUVEJP EF MB OBUVSBMF[B TVT NPEFMPT TVT TJTUFNBT TVT QSPDFTPT Z TVT FMFNFOUPT DPO FM GJO EF JNJUBSMB B MB IPSB EF SFDPOTUSVJS MPT TJTUFNBT QSPEVDUJWPT IVNBOPT Z IBDFSMPT DPNQBUJCMFT DPO MB EJOร NJDB EF MB CJPTGFSB 18. -B TFQBSBDJร O EF MPT DPNQPOFOUFT EFM BHVB TF QSPEVDF EVSBOUF MB GPUร MJTJT VOB EF MBT FUBQBT EFM QSPDFTP EF GPUPTร OUFTJT 19. "VORVF MBT BDUVBMFT JOWFTUJHBDJPOFT FTUร O SFBMNFOUF BWBO[BEBT MB GPUPTร OUFTJT FT VO QSPDFTP UBO DPNQMFKP RVF FT NVZ EJGร DJM SFQSPEVDJSMB BSUJGJDJBMNFOUF -B PCUFODJร O EF IJESร HFOP QPS FTUB Wร B FT VOB QSFPDVQBDJร O DJFOUร GJDB RVF ZB MMFWB NVDIPT Bร PT 20. &M IJESร HFOP TF DPOTJEFSB VO DPNCVTUJCMF iMJNQJPw QPSRVF FM QSPEVDUP EF EFTFDIP FT BHVB Z QSร DUJDBNFOUF OP PDBTJPOB EBร P BM NFEJPBNCJFOUF &M QSPCMFNB FT RVF UPEBWร B FT EJGร DJM MB JNQMFNFOUBDJร O EF TV VTP TPCSF UPEP DPNP DPNCVTUJCMF QBSB MPT WFIร DVMPT ZB RVF SFRVJFSF VOB JOGSBFTUSVDUVSB NVZ JNQPSUBOUF Z MPT DPTUPT EF QSPEVDDJร O UPEBWร B TPO FMFWBEPT

VOB DBSBDUFSร TUJDB Z VO TBCPS JOJNJUBCMFT -PT RVFTPT EF TJNJMBSFT DBSBDUFSร TUJDBT GBCSJDBEPT GVFSB EF FTUB SFHJร O TF DPOPDFO DPO FM OPNCSF HFOร SJDP EF RVFTPT B[VMFT &O FM SFTUP EFM NVOEP TF MP EFOPNJOB RVFTP B[VM QPSRVF FM hongo Penicillium MF QSPQPSDJPOB FTF DPMPS B[VMJOP iHSJT WFSEPTPw DBSBDUFSร TUJDP

Pรกgina 132 25.

Difusiรณn simple 0Yร geno a GBWPS EFM HSBEJFOUF (MVcosa en DPOUSB EFM HSBEJFOUF Iรณn sodio a GBWPS EFM HSBEJFOUF Insulina a la sangre "HVa en DPOUSB EFM HSBEJFOUF #BDUFSJB BUSBQBEB QPS MFVDPDJUPT

Difusiรณn facilitada

Transporte activo

Transporte en masa

X X X X X X

26. a) (MVDร MJTJT b) DJDMP EF $BMWJO c) RVJNJPTร OUFTJT d) foUPTร OUFTJT e) DJDMP EF ,SFCT f) GPUPTร OUFTJT g) GFSNFOUBDJร O Mร DUJDB 27. $PSSFTQPOEF TVCSBZBS MBT SFTQVFTUBT d), g) Z j). d) "51 1J H20 "%1 g) -B DBEFOB SFTQJSBUPSJB FT VO QSPDFTP FOEFSHร OJDP j) &M DJDMP EF ,SFCT TF SFBMJ[B FO FM DJUPQMBTNB DFMVMBS EF MBT QMBOUBT Z MPT BOJNBMFT

28.

Partes de la mitocondria .BUSJ[ NJUPDPOESJBM &TQBDJP JOUFSNFNCSBOPTP .FNCSBOB JOUFSOB .FNCSBOB FYUFSOB

Proceso metabรณlico 4ร OUFTJT EF BDFUJM $P" $JDMP EF ,SFCT 'PTGPSJMBDJร O PYJEBUJWB

29.

FYDMVTJWBNFOUF DPO MFDIF FOUFSB EF PWFKB EF MBT SB[BT -BDBVOF -PS[BD 4FHPMB Z $BVTTFT FO VO SBEJP EF DJFO LJMร NFUSPT BMSFEFEPS EFM QVFCMP EF 3PRVFGPSU TVS 4PVM[PO FO FM TVS EF 'SBODJB "EFNร T TV NBEVSBDJร O EFCF QSPEVDJSTF FO VO NJDSPDMJNB OBUVSBM EBEP QPS MBT DVFWBT EFM NBDJ[P EF $PNCBMPV 22. El Penicillium roqueforti JODPSQPSB FM MBDUBUP QSPWFOJFOUF EF MB GFSNFOUBDJร O Mร DUJDB QSPEVDJEB QPS EJGFSFOUFT CBDUFSJBT DPNP TVTUSBUP FO FM DJDMP EF ,SFCT 23. &TUB QSFHVOUB FTUร EJSJHJEB B BVUPFWBMVBS FM HSBEP EF DPNQSFOTJร O EFM UFYUP Z B SFBMJ[BS FM DPUFKP DPSSFTQPOEJFOUF DPO MPT EFNร T BMVNOPT 24. -BT DPOEJDJPOFT QSFDJTBT EF UFNQFSBUVSB IVNFEBE Z WFOUJMBDJร O DSFBEBT FO MBT DVFWBT OBUVSBMFT EF MB SFHJร O EF 3PRVFGPSU TVS 4PVM[PO MF PUPSHBO BM RVFTP SPRVFGPSU

20

a) *7 b) *7 c) *7 d) *7 e) ** f) ** g) II. 30.

Proceso ResQJSBDJร O BFSร CJDB 'PUPTร OUFTJT (MVcรณlisis QuiNJPTร OUFTJT 'FSNFOUBDJร O

Etapas $JDMP EF $BMWJO 'PTGPSJMBDJร O PYJEBUJWB 4ร OUFTJT EF BDFUJM $P" 'BTF EF HBTUP EF FOFSHร B 0CUFODJร O EF FUBOPM (FOFSBDJร O EF "51 QPS PYJEBDJร O $JDMP EF ,SFCT 'BTF EF PCUFODJร O EF FOFSHร B 0CUFODJร O EF ร DJEP Mร DUJDP &UBQB GPUPRVร NJDB

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Pรกgina 131 21. 4F EFOPNJOB RVFTP SPRVFGPSU B BRVFM RVF TF GBCSJDB

31.

Pรกgina 138 11. " MBT Uร DOJDBT EF JOHFOJFSร B HFOร UJDB TF MBT QVFEF EF-

Piruvato

CoA A

Diรณxido de carbono Acetil-CoA

OPNJOBS Uร DOJDBT EF i"%/ SFDPNCJOBOUFw QPSRVF DPOTJTUFO FO JOTFSUBS VO GSBHNFOUP EF "%/ FO VO PSHBOJTNP RVF BOUFT OP UFOร B FT EFDJS RVF FM GSBHNFOUP EF "%/ JOTFSUBEP OP MF FT QSPQJP 12. 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB

Pรกgina 143 13. 4F QSFGJFSF VTBS NJDSPCJPT BVUร DUPOPT QPSRVF B EJGFSFODiรณxido de carbono

&M QSPDFTP FT FM DJDMP EF ,SFCT Z TF MPDBMJ[B FO MB NBUSJ[ NJUPDPOESJBM

7

Aplicaciones biotecnolรณgicas

Pรกgina 134 1. 4F FTQFSB RVF QVFEBO WJODVMBS FM QSPHSFTP EFM DPOPDJNJFOUP DJFOUร GJDP DPO FM EFTBSSPMMP CJPUFDOPMร HJDP 2. 1PSRVF TF QVFEFO PCUFOFS B FTDBMB JOEVTUSJBM Z VUJMJ[BSTF FO CFOFGJDJP EFM TFS IVNBOP 3. &TUB BDUJWJEBE UJFOF QPS PCKFUJWP RVF MPT BMVNOPT JODPSQPSFO MPT BWBODFT RVF TF IBO MPHSBEP FO CJPUFDOPMPHร B 4. 4F FTQFSB RVF QVFEBO SFMBDJPOBS MPT BWBODFT DPO FM DPOPDJNJFOUP EFM NFUBCPMJTNP DFMVMBS Z TV BQMJDBDJร O CJPUFDOPMร HJDB 5. 4F QSFUFOEF RVF QVFEBO QFOTBS FO MB 3FWPMVDJร O *OEVTUSJBM DPNP BRVFMMPT BDPOUFDJNJFOUPT RVF USBOTGPSNBSPO MB FDPOPNร B MB DVMUVSB Z MB DBMJEBE EF WJEB FO FM NVOEP : B MB WF[ RVF QJFOTFO TPCSF FM JNQBDUP Z MB USBOTGPSNBDJร O RVF MB CJPUFDOPMPHร B NPEFSOB QSPEVKP FO EJGFSFOUFT ร NCJUPT

Pรกgina 135 6. -B CJPUFDOPMPHร B NPEFSOB FT FM VTP EF PSHBOJTNPT P QBSUF EF FMMPT QBSB CFOFGJDJP EFM IPNCSF &O FTUB EJTDJQMJOB TF VUJMJ[BO DPOPDJNJFOUPT QSPWFOJFOUFT EF MB CJPMPHร B NPMFDVMBS MB CJPMPHร B DFMVMBS Z MB HFOร UJDB 7. "DUVBMNFOUF MB CJPUFDOPMPHร B USBEJDJPOBM Z MB NPEFSOB DPOWJWFO Z TF DPNQMFNFOUBO

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Pรกgina 137 8. 4F FTQFSB RVF SFDPOP[DBO FM FTUร NVMP SFDร QSPDP FOUSF MPT NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT Z MB JOGMVFODJB EF MBT WBSJBCMFT DPNP FM Q) Z MB UFNQFSBUVSB 9. $VBOEP MB UFNQFSBUVSB FT NFOPS QSFEPNJOB FM Lactobacillus NJFOUSBT RVF B UFNQFSBUVSBT Nร T FMFWBEBT QSFEPmina el Streptococcus " UFNQFSBUVSBT JOUFSNFEJBT FT EF TVQPOFS RVF BNCPT UJQPT EF NJSPPSHBOJTNPT TF FODVFOUSBO FO JHVBM QSPQPSDJร O 10. 1BSB QSPEVDJS VO ZPHVS Nร T BSPNร UJDP TF EFCF EJSJHJS MB GFSNFOUBDJร O EF NBOFSB UBM RVF QSFEPNJOF FM Streptococcus.

DJB EF PUSPT NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT FYร HFOPT FTUร O BEBQUBEPT BM NFEJP DPOUBNJOBOUF BVORVF OP UPEPT QVFEBO CJPEFHSBEBS 5BNCJร O QBSB FWJUBS MB USBOTGFSFODJB EF HFOFT B PUSPT TFSFT WJWPT RVF DPNP TBCFNPT FT VO FWFOUP OBUVSBM "EFNร T FM BHSFHBEP EF NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT FYร HFOPT QVFEF MMFWBS B MB DPNQFUFODJB QPS MPT SFDVSTPT Z FTP QPESร B BMUFSBS MB CJPEJWFSTJEBE EFM NFEJP 14. &O FTUF DBTP MPT BSHVNFOUPT FO DPOUSB TF SFMBDJPOBO DPO MP FYQSFTBEP FO MB SFTQVFTUB BOUFSJPS "TJNJTNP TF UFNF B MP RVF TF QPESร B PCUFOFS NFEJBOUF JOHFOJFSร B HFOร UJDB

Pรกgina 146 15. $BEB BMVNOP FMFHJSร VO HSVQP EF DJODP NBUFSJBMFT 6O FKFNQMP EF NBUFSJBM EFHSBEBCMF FT MB NBEFSB Z VO FKFNQMP EF NBUFSJBM RVF OP TF QVFEB EFHSBEBS Gร DJMNFOUF FM WJESJP 16. &TUB SFTQVFTUB EFQFOEFSร EF MPT NBUFSJBMFT FMFHJEPT FO MB SFTQVFTUB BOUFSJPS

Pรกgina 147 17. -BT WFOUBKBT EFM VTP EF NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT FT RVF TPO EF Sร QJEP DSFDJNJFOUP TV EJWFSTJEBE NFUBCร MJDB TV BEBQUBCJMJEBE B EJTUJOUPT BNCJFOUFT Z DPOEJDJPOFT EF DSFDJNJFOUP Z TV GBDJMJEBE QBSB NBOJQVMBSMPT HFOร UJDBNFOUF -BT FO[JNBT QFSNJUFO VTBS UFDOPMPHร BT NFOPT DPOUBNJOBOUFT

Pรกgina 149 19. a) 1PSRVF TJ FO BMHร O DBTP DPMPDBNPT NBZPS DBOUJEBE Z MB NBODIB OP TBMF DVBOEP UPNB DPOUBDUP DPO FM KBCร O FO QPMWP OP TBCSFNPT TJ FTUP TF EFCF BM QSPEVDUP Z MBT FO[JNBT RVF DPOUFOHB P B RVF FTUB NBODIB UJFOF NBZPS DBOUJEBE EF TVTUBODJB RVF FM SFTUP b) &M SFDJQJFOUF RVF DPOUJFOF BHVB TPMB FT FM iCMBODP EF NVFTUSBw &O FM DBTP EFM KBCร O TJO FO[JNB QPEFNPT WFS RVร TVDFEF DPO VO KBCร O DBSFOUF EF FO[JNB QFSP DPO PUSPT DPNQPOFOUFT DPNP MPT UFOTJPBDUJWPT &O FM DBTP EF MB NVFTUSB B MB RVF OP TF MF BQMJDB OJOHร O USBUBNJFOUP FT MB NVFTUSB DPOUSPM RVF QFSNJUJSร FWBMVBS FM BOUFT Z FM EFTQVร T EF MB experiencia. c) -BT WBSJBCMFT TPO MBT EJTUJOUBT DMBTFT EF NBODIBT Z FM UJQP EF KBCร O DPO P TJO FO[JNB

d) "TVNJFOEP RVF OP TF DPNFUJFSPO FSSPSFT VO KBCร O DPO FO[JNBT SFNVFWF NFKPS MBT NBODIBT RVF VO KBCร O TJO FO[JNB P FM BHVB TJO KBCร O e) 4J VO KBCร O OP SFNPWJร MBT NBODIBT FT QPTJCMF RVF

21

OP DPOUFOHB FO[JNBT BVORVF OVFWBNFOUF IBCSร RVF WFS TJ OP TF DPNFUJFSPO FSSPSFT BM IBDFS MB FYQFSJFODJB "EFNร T BVORVF VOB FYQFSJFODJB TF SFQJUB WBSJBT WFDFT UBNQPDP FT TFHVSB DJFOUP QPS DJFOUP TPMP EB FWJEFODJB EF RVF VO KBCร O i9w QBSFDF TFS NFKPS FO TV FGFDUP RVF PUSP f) &T QPTJCMF RVF TJ MBT NBODIBT FTUVWJFSPO EJGFSFOUFT UJFNQPT FO SFNPKP QVFEBO WBSJBS MPT SFTVMUBEPT g) -B JEFB FT RVF QVFEBO SFGMFYJPOBS TPCSF MB OFDFTJEBE EF UFOFS DVJEBEPT B MB IPSB EF FYQFSJNFOUBS Z RVF MPT EJTFร PT OP TPO DFSSBEPT FT EFDJS EFCFO JS BKVTUร OEPTF Z SFWJTร OEPTF

2VF MB DPODFOUSBDJร O EF MBDUPTB JOJDJBM OP BGFDUB MB EVSBDJร O EF MB GFSNFOUBDJร O TF PCTFSWB FO MPT HSร GJDPT Z 2VF FM NJDSPPSHBOJTNP OP GVF DBQB[ EF DPOTVNJS UPEB MB MBDUPTB EFM NFEJP TF PCTFSWB FO FM HSร GJDP 1BSB UPEBT MBT DPODFOUSBDJPOFT MB DBOUJEBE EF MBDUPTB BM GJOBMJ[BS MB GFSNFOUBDJร O FTUร QPS FODJNB EF 1PS MP UBOUP RVFEB MBDUPsa sin degradar.

2VF TF PCUVWP VO Nร YJNP SFOEJNJFOUP EF ร DJEP Mร DUJDP QBSB FM TVFSP EF MFDIF TJO BEJDJร O EF MBDUPTB TF PCTFSWB FO FM HSBGJDP -B NBZPS QSPEVDDJร O EF ร DJEP Mร DUJDP TF PCUVWP QBSB MB DPODFOUSBDJร O JOJDJBM EF H M QFSP MB DVSWB FT Nร T QSPOVODJBEB &TUP RVJFSF EFDJS RVF FO FM NJTNP UJFNQP EF GFSNFOUBDJร O I QPS FKFNQMP QBSB MB DPODFOUSBDJร O Nร T BMUB TF PCUVWP NBZPS DBOUJEBE EF ร DJEP Mร DUJDP QFSP FTUP OP FT CVFOP QPSRVF DBNCJB FM Q) NVZ Sร QJEP MP RVF BGFDUB OFHBUJWBNFOUF BM DSFDJNJFOUP EF MFWBEVSBT 1PS MP UBOUP FT NFKPS RVF FTUF QSPDFTP TFB MFOUP QBSB UFOFS Nร T MFWBEVSBT RVF GFSNFOUFO 1PEFNPT BTFHVSBS RVF MB TVQMFNFOUBDJร O EF MBDUPTB OP GVF OFDFTBSJB ZB RVF OP FT OFDFTBSJP NPEJGJDBS MB DPODFOUSBDJร O JOJDJBM EF FTUB TVTUBODJB FO FM TVFSP FT WJBCMF QSPEVDJS JOEVTUSJBMNFOUF ร DJEP Mร DUJDP B QBSUJS EFM TVFSP

Pรกgina 150 20. 4PO FYUSFNร GJMPT QPSRVF WJWFO FO DPOEJDJPOFT FYUSFmas.

21. -PT DJFOUร GJDPT BGJSNBO RVF FTUB OVFWB FYQMPUBDJร O NJOFSB SFEVDF FM JNQBDUP BNCJFOUBM EBEP RVF MB CJPMJYJWJBDJร O OP QSPEVDF FNJTJPOFT BUNPTGร SJDBT DPNP FO MPT Nร UPEPT EF FYUSBDDJร O USBEJDJPOBMFT "EFNร T SFEVDF DPTUPT EF QSPEVDDJร O 22. 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB

Pรกgina 151 23. 4F QPESร BO EJTQFSTBS HFOFT BM BNCJFOUF QPSRVF MB USBOTGFSFODJB EF HFOFT FOUSF NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT DPNP WJNPT FO MB Qร HJOB TPCSF SFDPNCJOBDJร O HFOร UJDB FOUSF CBDUFSJBT FT VO GFOร NFOP RVF PDVSSF OBUVSBMNFOUF 24. -B DPOUFODJร O CJPMร HJDB FWJUBSร B RVF MPT HFOFT GVFSBO MJCFSBEPT BM BNCJFOUF Z QPS MP UBOUP TF EJTNJOVJSร BO TVT QPTJCMFT FGFDUPT OFHBUJWPT TPCSF FM BNCJFOUF Z MB TBMVE

Pรกgina 153 27. a) &TUF FTRVFNB QSFUFOEF BDPNQBร BS MB Wร B EF Tร OUFTJT EF DPNQVFTUPT BSPNร UJDPT FO CBDUFSJBT

Pรกgina 152 25. 4F EFCF JEFOUJGJDBS VOB DBSBDUFSร TUJDB EFTFBCMF Z EF JO-

b) &O MB Tร OUFTJT EF DPNQVFTUPT BSPNร UJDPT Wร B EFM ร DJEP TJRVร NJDP IBZ VOB Wร B FO DPNร O EF '&1 GPTGPFOPMQJSVWBUP B $03 Z UBNCJร O DBEB BNJOPร DJEP BSPNร UJDP UJFOF TV QSPQJB Wร B EF Tร OUFTJT 5PEBT FMMBT UBOUP MB DPNร O DPNP MBT FTQFDร GJDBT FTUร O DBUBMJ[BEBT QPS FO[JNBT RVF TF JOIJCFO DPO TV presencia, en el medio, de cada aminoรกcido. El DPNQVFTUP '&1 GPTGPFOPMQJSVWBUP FT VO TVTUSBUP EF WBSJBT Wร BT NFUBCร MJDBT c) -B NPEJGJDBDJร O RVF TF JOUSPEVDF QBSB TPCSFQSPEVDJS GFOJMBMBOJOB QPESร B DPOTJTUJS FO VTBS VOB DFQB CBDUFSJBOB DPO VO HFO RVF DPEJGJDB QBSB VOB FO[JNB EF FTUB Wร B FTQFDร GJDB RVF OP FT JOIJCJEB por fenilalanina.

UFSร T DPNFSDJBM FT OFDFTBSJP FODPOUSBS FM HFO SFTQPOTBCMF EF FTB DBSBDUFSร TUJDB IBZ RVF BJTMBSMP Z DBSBDUFSJ[BSMP TF EFCF USBOTGFSJS FM HFO EF JOUFSร T BM PSHBOJTNP SFDFQUPS IBDFS DSFDFS Z SFQSPEVDJS BM NJDSPPSHBOJTNP SFDFQUPS RVF BIPSB FTUร NPEJGJDBEP HFOร UJDBNFOUF

26. a) 'VF OFDFTBSJP BHSFHBS MFWBEVSBT QBSB RVF QPS NFEJP EF MB GFSNFOUBDJร O TF QSPEVKFSB ร DJEP Mร DUJDP

b) -BT WBSJBCMFT JOWFTUJHBEBT GVFSPO MB DBOUJEBE EF

22

28. a) -PHSBSPO TJOUFUJ[BS VO HFOPNB DPNQMFUP MP FOTBNCMBSPO B PUSB CBDUFSJB Z EFCJEP B FTUP QVEJFSPO iSFQSPHSBNBSw B MB CBDUFSJB RVF SFDJCJร FTUF "%/ b) &O FM GVUVSP FM EFTBSSPMMP EF FTUB UFDOPMPHร B QPESร B QFSNJUJS EJTFร BS Dร MVMBT PSHBOJTNPT F JODMVTP FO[JNBT TJOUร UJDBT FTQFDJBMJ[BEBT FO MB QSPEVDDJร O EF WBDVOBT Z CJPDPNCVTUJCMFT P FO QVSJGJDBS BHVB c) 4FHร O MPT JOWFTUJHBEPSFT IBZ NVDIPT CFOFGJDJPT QPUFODJBMFT Z QPDPT SJFTHPT %F IFDIP ZB IBZ CBDUFSJBT HFOร UJDBNFOUF NPEJGJDBEBT QPS FKFNQMP QBSB QSPEVDJS JOTVMJOB Z OVODB IVCP QSPCMFNBT 4JO FNCBSHP algunas de las grandes epidemias ocurrieron por QSร DUJDBT BQBSFOUFNFOUF JOPDVBT 5BNCJร O TFSร B JN-

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

BDJEP Mร DUJDP QSPEVDJEP MB CJPNBTB Z MB MBDUPTB DPOTVNJEB B QBSUJS EF USFT DPODFOUSBDJPOFT JHVBMFT EF MBDUPTB 'VF JNQPSUBOUF NBOUFOFS FM NJTNP Q) Z MB NJTNB UFNQFSBUVSB QBSB RVF FM QSPDFTP EF GFSNFOUBDJร O TF MMFWBSB B DBCP CBKP MBT NJTNBT DPOEJDJPOFT FO DBEB VOP EF MPT DBTPT %F FTUB NBOFSB FTUBT WBSJBCMFT QFSNBOFDJFSPO DPOTUBOUFT c) &M SFOEJNJFOUP EJTNJOVZร BM BVNFOUBS MB DPODFOUSBDJร O EF MBDUPTB FO FM NFEJP FTUP TF WF FO FM HSBGJDP EPOEF MB NBZPS DPODFOUSBDJร O H M DBTJ OP QSPEVKP ร DJEP Mร DUJDP &M Q) BGFDUB FM DSFDJNJFOUP EF MBT MFWBEVSBT QPSRVF JOEFQFOEJFOUFNFOUF EF MB DPODFOUSBDJร O JOJDJBM EF MBDUPTB MVFHP EF BQSPYJNBEBNFOUF I MB CJPNBTB TF WVFMWF DPOTUBOUF &TUP RVJFSF EFDJS RVF OP TF SFQSPEVDFO

QPSUBOUF JNQMFNFOUBS NFEJEBT EF CJPTFHVSJEBE QBSB FWJUBS FM EJTF×P EF CBDUFSJBT RVF QVEJFSBO QPOFS FO SJFHP MB TBMVE Z FM BNCJFOUF

8

Ciclo de la materia y flujo de la energía

Página 160 1. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT WJODVMFO FM IFDIP EF RVF DPNP DPOTFDVFODJB EF MB GPSNB FO RVF TF BMJNFOUBO MBT MPNCSJDFT TF QSPEVDF VOB USBOTGPSNBDJØO FO MB DPNQPTJDJØO RVÓNJDB EFM TVFMP &TUF TF FOSJRVFDF QPSRVF BERVJFSF TVTUBODJBT RVF TPO VUJMJ[BEBT QPS MBT QMBOUBT Z EF FTUB GPSNB DPOUJOÞB FM SFDPSSJEP DÓDMJDP EF MB NBUFSJB FO FM FDPTJTUFNB 2. &M UFYUP QSFUFOEF EFTUBDBS RVF MPT FYDSFNFOUPT EF MB MPNCSJ[ FOSJRVFDFO FM TVFMP DPO NJOFSBMFT RVF TPO VUJMJ[BEPT QPS MBT QMBOUBT 3. -B DPNQBSBDJØO EF MBT MPNCSJDFT DPO MPT JOUFTUJOPT IFDIB QPS "SJTUØUFMFT TF CBTB FO RVF FO MPT JOUFTUJOPT TF EJHJFSF MB NBZPS QBSUF EF MPT BMJNFOUPT RVF DPOTVNJNPT Z B QBSUJS EF FTUF QSPDFTP TF PCUJFOFO MPT OVUSJFOUFT OFDFTBSJPT QBSB MBT DÏMVMBT %F NBOFSB TJNJMBS QPS MB BDDJØO EF MBT MPNCSJDFT TF PCUJFOFO TVTUBODJBT RVF FOSJRVFDFO FM TVFMP Z RVF QVFEFO TFS VUJMJ[BEBT QPS MBT QMBOUBT 4. &O FM DBTP QSFTFOUBEP FO FM UFYUP TF QMBOUFB VOB JOGMVFODJB SFDÓQSPDB FOUSF FM TVFMP Z MBT MPNCSJDFT BNCPT TF CFOFGJDJBO

Página 161 5. 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB Página 162 6. &O FM FDPTJTUFNB " FM OÞNFSP EF JOEJWJEVPT FTUÈ BV-

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

NFOUBOEP QPSRVF FT NÈT MB FOFSHÓB RVF FOUSB FO FM FDPTJTUFNB RVF MB FOFSHÓB RVF TBMF ZB RVF TF BQSPWFDIB FO MB GPSNBDJØO EF OVFWPT JOEJWJEVPT Z RVFEB BMNBDFOBEB FO FMMPT &O FM FDPTJTUFNB # FM OÞNFSP EF JOEJWJEVPT TF NBOUJFOF B MP MBSHP EFM UJFNQP QPSRVF IBZ VO FRVJMJCSJP FOUSF MB FOUSBEB Z MB TBMJEB EF FOFSHÓB &O FM FDPTJTUFNB $ FM OÞNFSP EF JOEJWJEVPT FTUÈ EJTNJOVZFOEP QPSRVF BQSPWFDIBO QPDB FOFSHÓB Z FMJNJOBO NÈT EF MB RVF FOUSB FO FM FDPTJTUFNB Z FTB FOFSHÓB TF FTUÈ QFSEJFOEP DPNP DBMPS FO MVHBS EF TFS VTBEB QPS NÈT JOEJWJEVPT

MB WFOUBKB EF RVF FO DBTP EF RVF EJTNJOVZB P GBMUF VO BMJNFOUP UJFOF MB PQDJØO EF DPNFS PUSP c) -B CBMMFOB NJOLF MPT QFDFT Z MPT DBMBNBSFT TF BMJNFOUBO EJSFDUBNFOUF EF LSJMM QFSP MPT EFNÈT BOJNBMFT EF MB SFE UBNCJÏO TF BMJNFOUBO EF ÏM JOEJSFDUBNFOUF QPSRVF MB NBUFSJB Z MB FOFSHÓB DPOUFOJEBT FO FM LSJMM RVF QBTBSPO EF ÏM B MPT DBMBNBSFT MVFHP QBTBSÈO B MPT QJOHàJOPT DVBOEP FTUPT TF BMJNFOUFO EF MPT DBMBNBSFT

Página 165 8. {2VÏ PDVSSF DPO MB FOFSHÓB {2VÏ USBOTGPSmaciones sufre MB FOFSHÓB

Respiración 4F MJCFSB B QBSUJS EF MBT NPMÏDVMBT EF glucosa.

4F QBSUF EF FOFSHÓB RVÓNJDB HMVDPTB RVF TF USBOTGPSNB FO PUSPT UJQPT DPNP MB FOFSHÓB DJOÏUJDB Z VOB QBSUF FO DBMPS

Fotosíntesis 4F BMNBDFOB FO MBT NPMÏDVMBT EF HMVDPTB 4F QBSUF EF FOFSHÓB MVNÓOJDB RVF TF USBOTGPSNB FO FOFSHÓB RVÓNJDB HMVDPTB

Página 166 9. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT TF SFDPOP[DBO DPNP JOUFHSBOUFT EF SFEFT USØGJDBT 4J FMJHFO FM QBO VO BMJNFOUP RVF DPOUJFOF BMNJEØO QPESÈO EFTDSJCJS FM TJHVJFOUF DJDMP DPNP QSPEVDUP EF MB EJHFTUJØO EFM BMNJEØO TF PCUJFOF HMVDPTB FTUB NPMÏDVMB TF PYJEB FO MB NJUPDPOESJB Z TF MJCFSB EJØYJEP EF DBSCPOP RVF TF FMJNJOB EVSBOUF MB FTQJSBDJØO IBDJB MB BUNØTGFSB &TUB NPMÏDVMB FT VUJMJ[BEB QPS MBT QMBOUBT FO FM QSPDFTP EF GPUPTÓOUFTJT

Página 167 10. &O FTUF QVOUP TF FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT TF QMBOUFFO RVF TJ MB NBUFSJB FTUÈ TJFNQSF DJSDVMBOEP FO OVFTUSP QMBOFUB QBTBOEP EF MPT TFSFT WJWPT BM BNCJFOUF RVF MPT SPEFB Z EF BMMÓ OVFWBNFOUF B MPT TFSFT WJWPT FTUB DJSDVMBDJØO UBNCJÏO TF WJFOF EBOEP EFTEF RVF FYJTUF MB WJEB FO MB 5JFSSB 1PS MP UBOUP VO ÈUPNP EF DBSCPOP RVF FO FTUB ÏQPDB FOUSB FO VOB QMBOUB Z EF FMMB QBTB B VO BOJNBM WJFOF IBDJFOEP FTUF SFDPSSJEP EFTEF IBDF NJMMPOFT EF B×PT Z FO BMHÞO NPNFOUP GPSNØ QBSUF EF BMHÞO PUSP TFS WJWP QPS FKFNQMP VO EJOPTBVSJP

Página 169 11. "EFNÈT EF FMJNJOBS BHVB FO GPSNB EF WBQPS EVSBOUF MB FTQJSBDJØO MPT TFSFT WJWPT QVFEFO FMJNJOBSMB DPNP QBSUF EF MB USBOTQJSBDJØO Z EF MB PSJOB

Página 164 7. a) Primer nivel trófico "MHBT microscópicas

b) 4J VO PSHBOJTNP PDVQB NÈT EF VO OJWFM USØGJDP UJFOF

12.Atmósfera Segundo nivel trófico ,SJMM #BMMFOB minke

Tercer nivel trófico #BMMFOB minke 1FDFT $BMBNBS

Cuarto nivel trófico 'PDB EF 8FEEFMM 0SDB 1JOHàJOP de Magallanes 1FUSFM

Quinto nivel trófico 0SDB 1FUSFM

1

Hongos Suelo

1

O2

1 1

1

2 Plantas

Consumidores

Bacterias

1: *ODPSQPSBDJØO EF PYÓHFOP 2: EFWPMVDJØO EF PYÓHFOP B MB BUNØTGFSB QPS NFEJP EFM QSPDFTP EF GPUPTÓOUFTJT

13. &M OJUSØHFOP FT VO FMFNFOUP GVOEBNFOUBM QBSB MBT QMBOUBT DVBOEP GBMUB MBT IPKBT TF QPOFO BNBSJMMBT Z EFKBO EF DSFDFS TF VUJMJ[B QBSB MB GPSNBDJØO EF QSPUFÓ-

23

Pรกgina 171 14. a) &M JODSFNFOUP EF QFTP EF MB QMBOUB GVF EF LH Z MB Qร SEJEB EF QFTP EF MB UJFSSB EF MB NBDFUB GVF EF 0,1 kg. b) +VBO #BVUJTUB WBO )FMNPOU TFDร MB UJFSSB EF MB NBDFUB BOUFT EF QFTBSMB QBSB RVF OP JOGMVZFSB FO FM QFTP MB DBOUJEBE EF BHVB RVF QPESร B FTUBS FNCFCJEB FO MBT QBSUร DVMBT EF TVFMP 4PCSF MB NBDFUB DPMPDร VOB UBQB QBSB FWJUBS MB Qร SEJEB EF BHVB QPS FWBQPSBDJร O Z BTFHVSBSTF EF RVF MB QMBOUB BQSPWFDIBCB UPEB FM BHVB EF SJFHP c) &M FSSPS RVF DPNFUJร GVF DPOTJEFSBS RVF FM BVNFOUP EF MB DBOUJEBE EF NBUFSJB RVF GPSNBCB B MB QMBOUB TPMP QSPWFOร B EFM BHVB EF SJFHP &TF GVF FM ร OJDP GBDUPS RVF UVWP FO DVFOUB Z OP DPOTJEFSร FM EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP Z MPT NJOFSBMFT RVF UBNCJร O OFDFTJUBO MBT QMBOUBT QBSB TV DSFDJNJFOUP Z TV EFTBSSPMMP d) -B NBDFUB DPOUJFOF VOB DBOUJEBE MJNJUBEB EF UJFSSB &O FTBT DPOEJDJPOFT FT QPTJCMF RVF OP IBZB VO SFDJDMBKF EF NBUFSJB BEFDVBEP 1PS MP UBOUP FT QPTJCMF RVF EJTNJOVZB MB DBOUJEBE EF NJOFSBMFT EJTQPOJCMFT QBSB MB QMBOUB &O FTPT DBTPT TF JODPSQPSBO GFSUJMJ[BOUFT RVF KVTUBNFOUF FTUร O DPNQVFTUPT QPS NJOFSBMFT RVF TF NF[DMBO DPO FM TVFMP TF EJTVFMWFO FO FM BHVB Z BTร RVFEBO EJTQPOJCMFT QBSB JOHSFTBS FO MB QMBOUB Z TFS VUJMJ[BEPT FO MB GPSNBDJร O EF EJGFSFOUFT TVTUBODJBT PSHร OJDBT

17.

Atmรณsfera

CO2

2 Hongos Suelo

2

Bacterias

1 Plantas

2

3

Consumidores Petrรณleo

1: %Jร YJEP EF DBSCPOP RVF JOHSFTB FO MB QMBOUBT FO FM QSPDFTP EF GPUPTร OUFTJT 2: EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP RVF WVFMWF B MB BUNร TGFSB EVSBOUF MB FTQJSBDJร O 3: EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP RVF WVFMWF B MB BUNร TGFSB EFCJEP B MB DPNCVTUJร O EFM QFUSร MFP

Pรกgina 175 18. &M NFUBOP RVF TF QSPEVDF FO VO CJPEJHFTUPS TF USBOTGPSNB EVSBOUF MB DPNCVTUJร O DVBOEP TF MP FNQMFB DPNP DPNCVTUJCMF &O DBNCJP FO MB EFTDPNQPTJDJร O RVF PDVSSF FO MB OBUVSBMF[B FM NFUBOP RVF TF QSPEVDF TF JODPSQPSB BM BNCJFOUF 19. &O FTUF QVOUP TF QSFUFOEF RVF MPT BMVNOPT UPNFO DPODJFODJB EF MB QPTJCJMJEBE EF SFEVDJS MB CBTVSB QSPEVDJEB FO MBT DJVEBEFT ZB RVF QPESร B VUJMJ[BSTF DPNP GVFOUF EF FOFSHร B 20. 4J CJFO MB CJPEJHFTUJร O UBNCJร O QSPEVDF EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP BM VTBS FM NFUBOP DPNP DPNCVTUJCMF TF SFEVDF MB DBOUJEBE EF FTF HBT FO MB BUNร TGFSB "EFNร T TF FNQMFB NFUBOP DPNP DPNCVTUJCMF FO MVHBS EF VTBS MPT EFSJWBEPT EFM QFUSร MFP 21. -PT FYDSFNFOUPT EF MPT BOJNBMFT DPOUJFOFO NBUFSJB PSHร OJDB RVF BMNBDFOB FOFSHร B Z DPNP QSPEVDUP EF TV CJPEJHFTUJร O TF PCUJFOF FOFSHร B RVF TF QVFEF VUJMJ[BS DPO EJWFSTPT GJOFT

Pรกgina 173 15. a) -PT QSJNFSPT JOEJDJPT EF FVUSPGJ[BDJร O FO FM MBHP

Pรกgina 176 22. a) &M SFDPSSJEP EF MB NBUFSJB FT Dร DMJDP QPSRVF B QBSUJS

QVFEFO TFS FM DPMPS Z FM PMPS EFM BHVB MB BDVNVMBDJร O EF BMHBT FO MB TVQFSGJDJF Z MB BQBSJDJร O EF BOJNBMFT NVFSUPT b) -B DBVTB EF MB FVUSPGJ[BDJร O FT FM BVNFOUP FYDFTJWP EF MB DBOUJEBE EF OVUSJFOUFT EJTQPOJCMFT Z TVT DPOTFDVFODJBT TPO FM BVNFOUP FO MB DBOUJEBE EF GJUPQMBODUPO Z EF WFHFUBMFT BDVร UJDPT Z MB EJTNJOVDJร O EF MB DBOUJEBE EF PYร HFOP EJTVFMUP FO FM BHVB 1PS MP UBOUP QBSB EFUFDUBS FTPT BVNFOUPT Z EJTNJOVDJPOFT FT OFDFTBSJP SFBMJ[BS Nร T EF VOB UPNB EF EBUPT FO FM MVHBS QBSB DPNQBSBS MP RVF TVDFEF B MP MBSHP EFM UJFNQP c) &M JODSFNFOUP EF OVUSJFOUFT FO VO MBHP QVFEF TFS QSPEVDUP EF MBT BDUJWJEBEFT IVNBOBT 1PS FTP FM FTUVEJP EF DBNQP OP TPMP BQPSUB JOGPSNBDJร O EJSFDUB EFM FDPTJTUFNB FO FTUVEJP TJOP UBNCJร O JOGPSNBDJร O BDFSDB EF MBT QPTJCMFT SFMBDJPOFT EF FTF FDPTJTUFNB DPO PUSPT WFDJOPT

EF MB NBUFSJB JOPSHร OJDB NJOFSBMFT TF GPSNB NBUFSJB PSHร OJDB RVF WVFMWF B USBOTGPSNBSTF FO NBUFSJB JOPSHร OJDB Z QVFEF TFS SFVUJMJ[BEB &M SFDPSSJEP EF MB FOFSHร B OP FT Dร DMJDP MB FOFSHร B OP TF QVFEF SFVUJMJ[BS QPSRVF TF WB QFSEJFOEP BM QBTBS EF VO TFS WJWP B PUSP 1PS FTP TJFNQSF TF JODPSQPSB OVFWB FOFSHร B FO GPSNB EF MV[ BM FDPTJTUFNB b) -B NBUFSJB PSHร OJDB FTUร GPSNBEB QPS DBEFOBT EF ร UPNPT EF DBSCPOP VOJEPT FOUSF Tร BEFNร T EF PUSPT FMFNFOUPT DPNP IJESร HFOP Z PYร HFOP -B NBUFSJB JOPSHร OJDB OP DPOUJFOF DBEFOBT EF ร UPNPT EF DBSCPOP c) &O FM QSPDFTP EF GPUPTร OUFTJT MPT PSHBOJTNPT VUJMJ[BO MB FOFSHร B MVNร OJDB QBSB TJOUFUJ[BS MBT NPMร DVMBT PSHร OJDBT RVF BMNBDFOBO FOFSHร B RVร NJDB Z RVF VUJMJ[BO DPNP OVUSJFOUFT &O MB RVJNJPTร OUFTJT MPT PSHBOJTNPT VUJMJ[BO QBSB GPSNBS NPMร DVMBT PSHร OJDBT MB FOFSHร B RVF TF MJCFSB B QBSUJS EF MB PYJEBDJร O EF NPMร DVMBT JOPSHร OJDBT d) -PT PSHBOJTNPT BVUร USPGPT GBCSJDBO TV BMJNFOUP NBUFSJB PSHร OJDB B QBSUJS EF TVTUBODJBT TJNQMFT NBUFSJB JOPSHร OJDB -PT PSHBOJTNPT IFUFSร USPGPT OP GBCSJDBO FM BMJNFOUP TJOP RVF MP JODPSQPSBO BM DPOTVNJS B PUSPT TFSFT WJWPT

Pรกgina 174 16. 4J CJFO MB MFDUVSB EFTDSJCF FM DJDMP EF MB NBUFSJB FM Uร UVMP QMBOUFB RVF B MP MBSHP EF MB IJTUPSJB EF MB 5JFSSB QBSUF EFM DBSCPOP EFKร EF FTUBS JOUFHSBEP FO FM DJDMP EF FTUF FMFNFOUP Z TF BDVNVMร FO EFQร TJUPT 1PS MP UBOUP EFKร EF FTUBS EJTQPOJCMF QBSB MPT TFSFT WJWPT

24

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

OBT Z EF ร DJEPT OVDMFJDPT -PT GFSUJMJ[BOUFT DPOUJFOFO FTUF FMFNFOUP CBKP MB GPSNB EF MPT TJHVJFOUFT DPNQVFTUPT RVร NJDPT VSFB OJUSBUPT Z BNPOJP

e) -B FOFSHÓB RVÓNJDB FT MB RVF TF BMNBDFOB FO MPT

g) "M IBCFS EJGFSFOUFT GVFOUFT EF BMJNFOUPT QBSB DBEB

FOMBDFT RVÓNJDPT EF MBT NPMÏDVMBT Z FT VUJMJ[BCMF &M DBMPS FT VOB GPSNB EF EFTFDIP EF FOFSHÓB RVF TF MJCFSB Z OP FT BQSPWFDIBCMF f) -B OJUSJGJDBDJØO FT VO QSPDFTP RVF SFBMJ[BO DJFSUBT CBDUFSJBT EFM TVFMP RVF USBOTGPSNBO FM BNPOJP FO OJUSJUPT Z OJUSBUPT %FTOJUSJGJDBDJØO FT VO QSPDFTP EF SFTQJSBDJØO BOBFSPCJB RVF SFBMJ[BO BMHVOBT CBDUFSJBT RVF VUJMJ[BO OJUSBUPT QSFTFOUFT FO FM TVFMP FO MVHBS EF PYÓHFOP Z MPT USBOTGPSNBO FO OJUSØHFOP HBTFPTP RVF WVFMWF B MB BUNØTGFSB

QPCMBDJØO EF VOB DPNVOJEBE UPEBT QVFEFO DPOTFHVJSMP Z BTÓ FTUB DPNVOJEBE TF NBOUJFOF B MP MBSHP EFM UJFNQP

24. a) &O MPT NBSFT Z PDÏBOPT OP IBZ WFHFUBMFT B QSPGVOEJEBEFT NBZPSFT EF MPT N QPSRVF BM OP IBCFS MV[ OP QVFEF MMFWBSTF B DBCP FM QSPDFTP EF GPUPTÓOUFTJT b) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT IBHBO NFODJØO EF MPT PSHBOJTNPT RVJNJPTJOUÏUJDPT RVF QVFEFO QSPEVDJS BMJNFOUP FO BVTFODJB EF MV[ BM BQSPWFDIBS MB FOFSHÓB EF DJFSUBT TVTUBODJBT DPNP MPT DPNQVFTUPT EF B[VGSF RVF TVSHFO EF WPMDBOFT EF MPT GPOEPT PDFÈOJDPT 5BNCJÏO FYJTUF MB QPTJCJMJEBE EF RVF EFTEF MB TVQFSGJDJF EFTDJFOEBO SFTUPT PSHÈOJDPT RVF QVFEFO TFSWJS EF BMJNFOUP B MPT BOJNBMFT RVF IBCJUBO FO MB QSPGVOEJEBE EFM NBS

23. a) 1SPEVDUPSFT WFHFUBM DPOTVNJEPSFT QSJNBSJPT MJFCSF DPOTVNJEPSFT TFDVOEBSJPT WÓCPSB DPOTVNJEPSFT DVBUFSOBSJPT IBMDØO Z EFTDPNQPOFEPSFT IPOHPT Z CBDUFSJBT

b) &O MPT QSPEVDUPSFT OP IBZ USBOTGFSFODJB EF FOFSHÓB B QBSUJS EF PUSP TFS WJWP TJOP RVF MB JODPSQPSBO EJSFDUBNFOUF EFM TPM FO MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT QSJNBSJPT IBZ VOB USBOTGFSFODJB EF FOFSHÓB EFM QSPEVDUPS BM DPOTVNJEPS QSJNBSJP FO MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT TFDVOEBSJPT IBZ EPT USBOTGFSFODJBT EF FOFSHÓB EFM QSPEVDUPS BM DPOTVNJEPS QSJNBSJP Z EF FTUF BM DPOTVNJEPS TFDVOEBSJP

c)

Energía química

Calor

25. a) -B QSJODJQBM EJGFSFODJB FOUSF FM DJDMP EFM OJUSØHFOP FO VO BNCJFOUF UFSSFTUSF Z FO FM NBS FT RVF FO FM QSJNFSP TPO DJFSUBT CBDUFSJBT RVF WJWFO FO FM TVFMP MBT RVF USBOTGPSNBO FM OJUSØHFOP HBTFPTP EFM BJSF FO BNPOJP &O DBNCJP FO MPT BNCJFOUFT PDFÈOJDPT FTUB USBOTGPSNBDJØO FTUÈ B DBSHP EF "OBCBFOB b) -PT FYDSFNFOUPT EF MBT BWFT NBSJOBT DPOUJFOFO HSBO DBOUJEBE EF GØTGPSP RVF FT JODPSQPSBEP QPS PSHBnismo marinos microscópicos, luego pasa a los peDFT Z MMFHB B MBT BWFT DVBOEP FMMBT DPOTVNFO QFDFT "M DPOUFOFS NVDIP GØTGPSP DVBOEP TF NF[DMB FM HVBOP DPO FM TVFMP MP FOSJRVFDF DPO FTUF NJOFSBM

Calor

Víbora

Energía química

Calor

Energía química

26. a) $PNP MPT SBTUSPKPT TPO SFTUPT EF WFHFUBMFT BM RVFEBS FO FM TVFMP TJSWFO EF BMJNFOUP B MPT EFTDPNQPOFEPSFT "TÓ FTUPT MPT USBOTGPSNBO FO OVUSJFOUFT NJOFSBMFT RVF QVFEFO TFS BQSPWFDIBEPT QPS MBT OVFWBT QMBOUBT RVF TF DVMUJWFO b) &O MB TJFNCSB EJSFDUB MPT BHSJDVMUPSFT VTBO NFOPT GFSUJMJ[BOUFT RVF MPT BHSJDVMUPSFT RVF SFUJSBO MPT SBTUSPKPT EFCJEP B RVF FM TVFMP SFDVQFSB NJOFSBMFT QPS MB EFTDPNQPTJDJØO EF MPT SBTUSPKPT c) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT SFMBDJPOFO MB TJFNCSB EJSFDUB DPO MB DPOTFSWBDJØO EFM TVFMP ZB RVF JNQJEF RVF TF BHPUFO MPT OVUSJFOUFT

Halcón Energía química

Calor

Energía química

Bacterias Hongos

Energía lumínica

Energía química

Liebre

Sol

Calor Energía química

27. a) -B MMVWJB ÈDJEB FNQPCSFDF FM TVFMP "M FMJNJOBS MPT

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Vegetal

d) -B FOFSHÓB MVNÓOJDB Z MB FOFSHÓB RVÓNJDB TPO GPSNBT EF FOFSHÓB VUJMJ[BCMFT Z FM DBMPS FT VOB GPSNB EF FOFSHÓB OP VUJMJ[BCMF e) &M EJCVKP SFQSFTFOUB VOB DBEFOB BMJNFOUBSJB ZB RVF DBEB OJWFM USØGJDP FTUÈ SFQSFTFOUBEP QPS VOB TPMB QPCMBDJØO RVF TF BMJNFOUB EF PUSB Z RVF TJSWF EF BMJNFOUP TPMP B VOB QPCMBDJØO f) 4J VO TFS WJWP UJFOF NÞMUJQMFT GVFOUFT EF BMJNFOUPT UJFOF MB WFOUBKB EF OP RVFEBSTF TJO BMJNFOUP FO DBTP EF RVF TF QJFSEB P EJTNJOVZB VOB EF FTBT GVFOUFT ZB RVF QVFEF BMJNFOUBSTF EF PUSB

PSHBOJTNPT GJKBEPSFT EF OJUSØHFOP QPS FKFNQMP MB UJFSSB UFOESÈ NFOPT OJUSJUJUPT Z OJUSBUPT RVF TPO MB GVFOUF EF OJUSØHFOP EF MBT QMBOUBT b) -B MMVWJB ÈDJEB DPSSPF MPT NFUBMFT Z FSPTJPOB FM NÈSNPM DPO MPT RVF TF IBO DPOTUSVJEP MPT NPOVNFOUPT Z MBT FTUBUVBT %FCJEP B FTUF GFOØNFOP FO QPDPT B×PT TF IBO EFUFSJPSBEP NÈT RVF FO NVDIPT TJHMPT EF DJWJMJ[BDJØO c) "MHVOBT JOEVTUSJBT MJCFSBO B MB BUNØTGFSB WBQPSFT EF ØYJEP EF OJUSØHFOP Z EF EJØYJEP EF B[VGSF Z DVBOEP FM WBQPS EF BHVB TF DPNCJOB DPO FTUPT HBTFT TF GPSNBO ÈDJEP OÓUSJDP Z ÈDJEP TVMGÞSJDP RVF DBFO DPO FM BHVB EF MMVWJB MMBNBEB MMVWJB ÈDJEB d) 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB

25

en los ecosistemas

Pรกgina 178 1. " NFEJBEPT EFM TJHMP YY MPT FDPTJTUFNBT TF FTUVEJBCBO EFTEF VO QVOUP EF WJTUB BOBMร UJDP &O FTUF FOGPRVF OP TF UJFOFO FO DVFOUB MBT SFMBDJPOFT RVF TF FTUBCMFDFO FOUSF TVT DPNQPFOFOUFT 2. -BT QSPQJFEBEFT FNFSHFOUFT TPO BRVFMMBT RVF EFSJWBO EF MB JOUFSBDDJร O FOUSF MPT EJTUJOUPT DPNQPOFOUFT EFM TJTUFNB NJFOUSBT RVF MBT QSPQJFEBEFT USBTDFOEFOUFT EFTDSJCFO B DBEB FMFNFOUP EFM TJTUFNB JOEFQFOEJFOUFNFOUF EF MPT EFNร T 3. 1PESร BO DPOTJEFSBSTF DPNP TVCTJTUFNBT MBT QPCMBDJPOFT EF DPOTVNJEPSFT QSJNBSJPT Z EF DPOTVNJEPSFT TFcundarios.

4. /VFTUSP QMBOFUB QPESร B DPOTJEFSBSTF FM TJTUFNB NBZPS BM DVBM QFSUFOFDFO DPNP TVCTJTUFNBT MPT EJGFSFOUFT FDPTJTUFNBT RVF FYJTUFO -BT JOUFSBDDJPOFT FOUSF FTUPT FDPTJTUFNBT EBO DPNP SFTVMUBEP MBT DBSBDUFSร TUJDBT EF MB 5JFSSB

Pรกgina 179 5. &O FTUB Qร HJOB TF IBDF VOB BOBMPHร B FOUSF MPT JOHSFEJFOUFT OFDFTBSJPT QBSB QSFQBSBS VOB UPSUB Z MPT GBDUPSFT RVF JOGMVZFO FO FM DSFDJNJFOUP EF VOB FTQFDJF -B GJOBMJEBE EF FTUB BOBMPHร B FT FOUFOEFS RVF QBSB QSFQBSBS MB UPSUB FT OFDFTBSJP DPOUBS DPO MB DBOUJEBE KVTUB Z OFDFTBSJB EF JOHSFEJFOUFT MP NJTNP TVDFEF DPO MPT GBDUPSFT RVF JOGMVZFO FO FM DSFDJNJFOUP EF VOB FTQFDJF TJ VO GBDUPS FT FTDBTP BVO TJ TF DVFOUB DPO MBT DBOUJEBEFT BEFDVBEBT EF MPT EFNร T FM GBDUPS RVF TF FODVFOUSB FO NFOPS DBOUJEBE MJNJUB FM DSFDJNJFOUP EF FTB FTQFDJF

Pรกgina 180 6. -B FOFSHร B RVF JOHSFTB FO MPT IFSCร WPSPT TJHVF EPT DBNJOPT Cร TJDPT VOP FT MB VUJMJ[BDJร O EF QBSUF EF FTB FOFSHร B FOFSHร B VUJMJ[BCMF QBSB DPOTUJUVJS MB CJPNBTB EFM QSPQJP PSHBOJTNP QBSB GPSNBS VO OVFWP JOEJWJEVP QPS NFEJP EF MB GFDVOEBDJร O Z QBSB SFBMJ[BS UPEBT MBT BDUJWJEBEFT EF FTF TFS WJWP PUSP FT BRVFM FO FM RVF MB FOFSHร B OP FT VUJMJ[BCMF QPSRVF RVFEB BMNBDFOBEB FO MBT TVTUBODJBT EF EFTFDIP RVF FMJNJOBO MPT BOJNBMFT IFSCร WPSPT %F UPEB MB FOFSHร B VUJMJ[BCMF MB RVF RVFEB EJTQPOJCMF QBSB TFS BQSPWFDIBEB QPS MPT DBSOร WPSPT FT MB RVF FTUร BMNBDFOBEB FO MB CJPNBTB EF MPT IFSCร WPSPT -B FOFSHร B BMNBDFOBEB FO MPT FYDSFNFOUPT OP FTUร EJTQPOJCMF QBSB MPT DBSOร WPSPT QFSP Tร QVFEF TFS BQSPWFDIBEB QPS los descomponedores.

7. 4J TF DBMDVMB Z TF DPNQBSB MB CJPNBTB EF MBT EJGFSFOUFT FTQFDJFT EF VOB DPNVOJEBE FT QPTJCMF JEFOUJGJDBS RVร FTQFDJFT GPSNBO Nร T CJPNBTB &TUP QFSNJUF QFOTBS RVF FT JNQPSUBOUF FO MB DPNVOJEBE QPSRVF BQPSUB NVDIB CJPNBTB DPNP BMJNFOUP Z QPS MP UBOUP DPNP FOFSHร B QBSB MPT TJHVJFOUFT OJWFMFT USร GJDPT

Pรกgina 181 8. a) &M EJBHSBNB SFQSFTFOUB FM GMVKP EF FOFSHร B Z MBT Qร SEJEBT RVF IBZ FOUSF VO OJWFM USร GJDP Z FM TJHVJFOUF 1BSB EBS VOB JEFB EF MB NBHOJUVE EF FTB Qร SEJEB TF

26

SFQSFTFOUB FM SFDPSSJEP EF MB FOFSHร B DPO GMFDIBT EF EJGFSFOUFT HSPTPSFT -BT GMFDIBT Nร T HSVFTBT JOEJDBO VOB Qร SEJEB EF FOFSHร B NBZPS RVF MBT GMFDIBT Nร T delgadas. b) -PT DBNJOPT RVF JNQMJDBO Qร SEJEB EF FOFSHร B TPO MPT SFQSFTFOUBEPT QPS MBT GMFDIBT SPKBT SFTUPT Z EFTFDIPT Z MBT GMFDIBT OBSBOKBT SFTQJSBDJร O &T JNQPSUBOUF RVF MPT BMVNOPT OPUFO RVF FO FM QBTBKF EF VO OJWFM USร GJDP B PUSP FM TFHVOEP OJWFM OP QVFEF BQSPWFDIBS MB FOFSHร B BMNBDFOBEB FO MPT EFTFDIPT Z MPT SFTUPT EFM QSJNFSP RVF TFSร O BMJNFOUP EF MPT EFTDPNQPOFEPSFT OJ MB FOFSHร B RVF TF MJCFSB FO MB SFTQJSBDJร O RVF TF HBTUB FO FM NBOUFOJNJFOUP EF MBT BDUJWJEBEFT EFM QSJNFS OJWFM c) -B GMFDIB SPKB RVF TBMF EF MPT EFTDPNQPOFEPSFT SFQSFTFOUB MPT SFTUPT Z EFTFDIPT EF FTPT PSHBOJTNPT Z WVFMWF BM NJTNP OJWFM USร GJDP ZB RVF FTPT SFTUPT Z EFTFDIPT TPO BQSPWFDIBEPT QPS PUSPT EFTcomponedores.

Pรกgina 182 9. -B QSPEVDUJWJEBE OFUB FT MB FOFSHร B FGFDUJWB RVF QBTB EF VO OJWFM USร GJDP B PUSP QPS MP UBOUP DPSSFTQPOEF B MPT WBMPSFT SFQSFTFOUBEPT FO FM TFDUPS PDSF 1BSB MPT QSPEVDUPSFT FT EF LDBM N2 QBSB MPT IFSCร WPSPT FT EF LDBM N2, para los consumidores secundarios es EF LDBM N2 Z QBSB MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT UFSDJBSJPT FT EF LDBM N2.

-B QSPEVDUJWJEBE CSVUB FT MB TVNB EF MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE OFUB Nร T MB Qร SEJEB QPS SFTQJSBDJร O 1PS MP UBOUP QVFEF DBMDVMBSTF BTร 11# 11/ 3 1BSB MPT QSPEVDUPSFT FT EF LDBM N2 QBSB MPT IFSCร WPSPT FT EF LDBM N2, QBSB MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT TFDVOEBSJPT FT EF LDBM N2 Z QBSB MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT UFSDJBSJPT FT EF LDBM N2.

Pรกgina 183 10. a) " EJGFSFODJB EF MPT ร SCPMFT FM GJUPQMBODUPO UJFOF VOB WJEB DPSUB Z TF SFQSPEVDF B HSBO WFMPDJEBE BEFNร T DBTJ UPEB MB CJPNBTB RVF GPSNB FT QPUFODJBMNFOUF BQSPWFDIBCMF B FYDFQDJร O EF MB RVF HBTUB FO PCUFOFS FOFSHร B QBSB TV NBOUFOJNJFOUP QFSP MB QSPQPSDJร O EF FTB FOFSHร B FT NVDIP NFOPS RVF MB RVF FNQMFBO FO TV NBOUFOJNJFOUP MPT ร SCPMFT b) -B UBTB EF SFOPWBDJร O FT 11/ # 4J UFOFNPT FO DVFOUB RVF MB 11/ P NBUFSJB BQSPWFDIBCMF QBSB MPT IFSCร WPSPT FT NFOPS RVF MB CJPNBTB EFM ร SCPM QPSRVF NVDIB EF FTB CJPNBTB OP FT EJHFSJCMF FM WBMPS EF MB UBTB EF SFOPWBDJร O TFSร NFOPS RVF c) &O FM Dร MDVMP EF MB UBTB EF SFOPWBDJร O MB 11/ FT MB FOFSHร B BQSPWFDIBCMF QBSB MPT IFSCร WPSPT Z MB CJPNBTB FT MB BMNBDFOBEB FO MPT QSPEVDUPSFT -B UBTB EF SFOPWBDJร O OP QVFEF UFOFS WBMPSFT NBZPSFT B QPSRVF FTP JNQMJDBSร B VO WBMPS EF CJPNBTB NFOPS BM EF 11/ Z FTP OP FT QPTJCMF ZB RVF MB 1// FT VOB QBSUF EF MB CJPNBTB UPUBM

Pรกgina 184 11. Ambiente acuรกtico: PDร BOPT QMBUBGPSNB DPOUJOFOUBM

NBSJTNBT Z CBร BEPT MBHPT FTUVBSJPT BSSFDJGFT Z

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

9 La eficiencia energรฉtica

MFDIPT EF BMHBT [POBT EF upwelling EF MB TVQFSGJDJF UFSSFTUSF Ambiente terrestre: EFTJFSUP FYUSFNP EF SPDBT BSFOB P IJFMP EFTJFSUP Z TFNJEFTJFSUP TFMWB USPQJDBM TBCBOB UJFSSBT DVMUJWBEBT CPTRVF CPSFBM QBTUJ[BM UFNQMBEP CPTRVFT TFDPT Z BSCVTUJWPT UVOESB

CPTRVF USPQJDBM FTUBDJPOBM CPTRVF UFNQMBEP DBEVDJGPMJP CPTRVF UFNQMBEP TJFNQSFWFSEF &M QPSDFOUBKF EF BNCJFOUFT BDVร UJDPT FT EPT WFDFT Z NFEJB FM QPSDFOUBKF EF BNCJFOUFT UFSSFTUSFT 4JO FNCBSHP FM QPSDFOUBKF EF MB QSPEVDDJร O QSJNBSJB OFUB FT similar.

12. 4J CJFO MPT QPSDFOUBKFT EF MB TVQFSGJDJF UFSSFTUSF RVF PDVQBO MPT EFTJFSUPT Z MBT QMBUBGPSNBT DPOUJOFOUBMFT TPO TJNJMBSFT MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE QSJNBSJB EFM EFTJFSUP FT NVZ CBKB QPSRVF DBTJ OP IBZ QSPEVDUPSFT EFCJEP B MBT FTDBTBT QSFDJQJUBDJPOFT

Pรกgina 185 13. -PT FDPTJTUFNBT Nร T DFSDBOPT BM &DVBEPS TPO MPT Nร T QSPEVDUJWPT Z EFTEF FM &DVBEPS MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE EFTDJFOEF UBOUP IBDJB FM OPSUF DPNP IBDJB FM TVS &TUP TF EFCF B MB DPNCJOBDJร O EF EPT GBDUPSFT FM BHVB Z MB UFNQFSBUVSB $FSDB EFM &DVBEPS BNCPT GBDUPSFT TPO BCVOEBOUFT Z B NFEJEB RVF BVNFOUB MB EJTUBODJB BM &DVBEPS UBOUP IBDJB FM OPSUF DPNP IBDJB FM TVS DPNJFO[B B TFS MJNJUBOUF QSJNFSP MB IVNFEBE Z MVFHP MB UFNQFSBUVSB

&TUP QFSNJUF TBCFS TJ FTF BNCJFOUF QVFEF SFTVMUBS QSPQJDJP QBSB FM DVMUJWP EF FTQFDJFT EF JNQPSUBODJB BMJNFOUBSJB b) -B CJPNBTB RVF QSPEVDFO MPT QSPEVDUPSFT FO VO FDPTJTUFNB DPNP QBSUF EF TV QSPEVDUJWJEBE OFUB RVFEB EJTQPOJCMF QBSB RVF TFB BQSPWFDIBEB QPS MPT EFNร T OJWFMFT USร GJDPT &O DBNCJP DVBOEP TF DPTFDIBO MBT QMBOUBT EF VO DVMUJWP TF SFUJSB UPEB MB CJPNBTB RVF GPSNร 1PS MP UBOUP FTUP QPESร B USBFS DPO FM UJFNQP DPOTFDVFODJBT FO MB DPNVOJEBE OBUVSBM EFM MVHBS ZB RVF OP IBCSร NBUFSJB QBSB TFHVJS BCBTUFDJFOEP B MB NJTNB DBOUJEBE EF PSHBOJTNPT RVF TF NBOUFOร BO HSBDJBT B MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE EF MBT QMBOUBT RVF GPSNBCBO QBSUF EFM FDPTJTUFNB PSJHJOBM c) 4F FTQFSB RVF SFGMFYJPOFO MP TJHVJFOUF QSร DUJDBNFOUF FO UPEPT MPT FDPTJTUFNBT EFM QMBOFUB FT OFDFTBSJP JODMVJS B MPT TFSFT IVNBOPT DPNP PUSP GBDUPS RVF JOGMVZF FO TV GVODJPOBNJFOUP

Pรกgina 189 16. a), b), c) Z d) -B QSPEVDDJร O WFHFUBM 1 TF DBMDVMB DPNP 4 Y QPSRVF MPT QSPEVDUPSFT JODPSQPSBO QPS NFEJP EF MB GPUPTร OUFTJT FM EF MB FOFSHร B TPMBS RVF SFDJCFO &M DPOTVNP EF MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT $ TF DBMDVMB DPNP 2BOUFSJPS 0,2 porRVF BQSPWFDIBO FM EF MB CJPNBTB WFHFUBM EJTQPOJCMF &OUPODFT FO DBEB FTUBDJร O IBZ RVF UFOFS FO DVFOUB MB CJPNBTB RVF RVFEร EF MB FTUBDJร O BOUFSJPS -B DBOUJEBE EF CJPNBTB BM GJOBM EF DBEB FTUBDJร O 2OVFWP Z RVF RVFEB EJTQPOJCMF QBSB MB TJHVJFOUF TF DBMDVMB DPNP 2BOUFSJPS 1o$ QPSRVF FO DBEB FTUBDJร O B MB CJPNBTB WFHFUBM RVF IBCร B EF MB FTUBDJร O BOUFSJPS TF MF TVNB MB QSPEVDDJร O WFHFUBM EF FTB FTUBDJร O QFSP OP UPEB RVFEB EJTQPOJCMF ZB RVF VOB QBSUF FT DPOTVNJEB QPS MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT

.

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Pรกgina 186 14. a) &M 4PM TF VCJDB GVFSB EF MPT Mร NJUFT EFM FDPTJTUFNB QPSRVF FT FYUFSOP BM TJTUFNB Z BQPSUB MB FOFSHร B RVF MP NBOUJFOF FO GVODJPOBNJFOUP &M TVNJEFSP EF DBMPS TF VCJDB GVFSB EF MPT Mร NJUFT QPSRVF FTB FOFSHร B ZB OP FT VUJMJ[BCMF OP GPSNB QBSUF EFM FDPTJTUFNB b) &T JNQPSUBOUF RVF FM UFYUP JODMVZB MPT TJHVJFOUFT BTQFDUPT MB FOFSHร B EFM TPM MMFHB BM QMBOFUB Z TPMP VOB QFRVFร B QSPQPSDJร O JOHSFTB FO FM FDPTJTUFNB B USBWร T EF MPT QSPEVDUPSFT %FOUSP EF MPT QSPEVDUPSFT MB JOUFSBDDJร O FOUSF MPT NBUFSJBMFT Z MB FOFSHร B HFOFSB CJPNBTB RVF TF BMNBDFOB Z FTF EFQร TJUP EF CJPNBTB BQPSUB NBUFSJB B MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT RVF EFOUSP EF FMMPT JOUFSBDDJPOB QBSB QSPEVDJS TV QSPQJB CJPNBTB RVF UBNCJร O TF BMNBDFOB 5BOUP FO MPT QSPEVDUPSFT DPNP FO MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT BQPSUBO MB NBUFSJB QBSB Nร T QSPDFTPT EF JOUFSBDDJร O Z UBNCJร O TF USBOTGPSNB SFDJDMBOEP QBSB RVF TFB SFVUJMJ[BEB QPS MPT QSPEVDUPSFT %FCF GJHVSBS RVF MB CJPNBTB Z MPT QSPDFTPT EF JOUFSBDDJร O UBOUP FO QSPEVDUPSFT DPNP FO DPOTVNJEPSFT QSPWPDBO Qร SEJEB EF FOFSHร B DPNP DBMPS RVF TBMF EFM TJTUFNB

Pรกgina 188 15. a) $POPDFS MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE EFM FDPTJTUFNB EF VOB regiรณn da una idea de la medida en que las condiDJPOFT BNCJFOUBMFT QFSNJUFO FM BQSPWFDIBNJFOUP EF MB NBUFSJB Z MB FOFSHร B FO GVODJร O EF MPT GBDUPSFT RVF TPO MJNJUBOUFT Z QPS MP UBOUP RVร DBOUJEBE EF CJPNBTB TF QVFEF QSPEVDJS FO FTBT DPOEJDJPOFT

Aรฑo

2

Estaciรณn

C (Qanteriorย 0,2)

Q (Qnuevo Qanterior P C)

S

P (Sย 0,01)

*OWJFSOP

ย 0,01

ย 0,2

1SJNBWFSB

1.000

1.000ย 0,01 10

ย 0,2

10

Verano

ย 0.01

ย 0,2

0UPร P

1.000

1.000ย 0,01 10

ย 0,2

10

Pรกgina 190 17. -B JOWFTUJHBEPSB IBCMB EF iEJWFSTJEBE PDVMUBw QPSRVF DPOTJEFSB RVF FM QFRVFร P UBNBร P EF FTPT PSHBOJTNPT IBDF RVF UBM WF[ OP TF UFOHB VOB SFBM EJNFOTJร O EFM QBQFM RVF DVNQMFO FO MPT FDPTJTUFNBT B MPT RVF QFSUFOFDFO 4J OP TBCFNPT EF TV FYJTUFODJB OP FT QPTJCMF DPNQSFOEFS Dร NP QBSUJDJQBO FO FTF GVODJPOBNJFOUP 18. &TUVEJBS B MPT NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT FT ร UJM QPSRVF BQPSUB JOGPSNBDJร O TPCSF FM TFSWJDJP RVF CSJOEB FTUF UJQP EF FDPTJTUFNBT

Pรกgina 191 19. -PT CJFOFT TPO FMFNFOUPT EF MB OBUVSBMF[B RVF MPT TFSFT IVNBOPT VUJMJ[BNPT DPNP SFDVSTPT

20. a) -PT FTUVEJPT TF SFBMJ[BSPO QBSB MPT FDPTJTUFNBT EF QBTUJ[BMFT FVSPQFPT QFSP TF QSFUFOEF FYUFOEFS FTUBT DPODMVTJPOFT B PUSPT FDPTJTUFNBT QPS FKFNQMP BM EF MPT QBTUJ[BMFT EF "Nร SJDB

27

b) 6UJMJ[BO QBSDFMBT FO MBT RVF QMBOUBO EJGFSFOUFT

b) 4J FO VO BNCJFOUF QPMBS Iร NFEP BVNFOUBSB MB

DBOUJEBEFT EF FTQFDJFT c) &M QBSร NFUSP RVF FNQMFBSPO QBSB FWBMVBS FM GVODJPOBNJFOUP EFM FDPTJTUFNB FT MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE QFSP OP TF BDMBSB TJ TF USBUB EF QSPEVDUJWJEBE CSVUB P OFUB d) -B DPODMVTJร O B MB RVF TF MMFHร GVF RVF FO MPT FDPTJTUFNBT DPO NBZPS EJWFSTJEBE EF FTQFDJFT BVNFOUB FM BQSPWFDIBNJFOUP EF MPT GBDUPSFT EFM BNCJFOUF

UFNQFSBUVSB FO QSJODJQJP TF QPESร B FTQFSBS RVF BVNFOUBSB MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE QPSRVF FTF GBDUPS EFKBSร B EF TFS FM MJNJUBOUF &TF BVNFOUP TF FTUBCJMJ[BSร B DVBOEP MPT PUSPT GBDUPSFT RVF OP WBSJBSPO QBTBSBO B TFS MJNJUBOUFT c) 4J FO VOB TFMWB Iร NFEB EJTNJOVZFSB MB QSFDJQJUBDJร O UBNCJร O EJTNJOVJSร B MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE ZB RVF FM BHVB QBTBSร B B TFS VO GBDUPS MJNJUBOUF BVORVF MPT EFNร T GBDUPSFT TF NBOUVWJFSBO EFOUSP EF MPT WBMPSFT ร QUJNPT

UFNQFSBUVSB TF FYUJFOEF EFTEF ย $ IBTUB ย $ DPO VO WBMPS ร QUJNP EF ย $ 1BSB Rana pipiens, el SBOHP WB EF ยก$ B ย $ DPO VO ร QUJNP EF ย $ b) 4J CJFO UJFOFO VO SBOHP EF UPMFSBODJB B MB UFNQFSBUVSB MPT WBMPSFT ร QUJNPT EF DBEB FTQFDJF JOEJDBSร BO RVF Bufo marinus TFSร Nร T BCVOEBOUF FO BNCJFOUFT UFNQMBEPT Z Rana pipiens FO BNCJFOUFT Nร T GSร PT c) %F BDVFSEP DPO FM HSร GJDP FO BNCJFOUFT DPO UFNQFSBUVSBT EF FOUSF ย $ Z ย $ TF QPESร B FODPOUSBS B BNCBT FTQFDJFT Rana pipiens QPESร B TFS VO CVFO JOEJDBEPS CJPMร HJDP EF VO BVNFOUP BOPSNBM EF UFNQFSBUVSB FO FTPT BNCJFOUFT 1SJNFSP TF EFUFDUBSร B VOB EJTNJOVDJร O FO FM DSFDJNJFOUP Z TJ MB UFNQFSBUVSB FYDFEJFSB FM FYUSFNP TVQFSJPS QBSB MB FTQFDJF QPESร B EFUFDUBSTF VOB EJTNJOVDJร O FO FM Oร NFSP EF JOEJWJEVPT 22. &M FTDBMร O JOGFSJPS EF MBT USFT QJSร NJEFT SFQSFTFOUB FM OJWFM USร GJDP EF MPT QSPEVDUPSFT FM FTDBMร O EFM NFEJP B MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT QSJNBSJPT Z FM ร MUJNP FTDBMร O TVQFSJPS B MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT TFDVOEBSJPT -B QJSร NJEF A SFQSFTFOUB MB -MBOVSB 1BNQFBOB MB B FM CPTRVF EF BSBVDBSJB Z MB C, FM NBS "SHFOUJOP 1BSB JEFOUJGJDBS DBEB QJSร NJEF QVFEF SFBMJ[BSTF FM TJHVJFOUF BOร MJTJT DPNP TF USBUB EF QJSร NJEFT EF CJPNBTB MB QJSร NJEF C EFCF DPSSFTQPOEFS B VO BNCJFOUF NBSJOP QPSRVF FT FM ร OJDP DBTP FO FM RVF FM FTDBMร O JOGFSJPS QVFEF UFOFS VO BODIP NFOPS RVF FM TJHVJFOUF &TUP TF EFCF B RVF TJ CJFO FM GJUPQMBODUPO OP QSPEVDF NVDIB CJPNBTB TV Sร QJEB SFQSPEVDDJร O IBDF RVF FTB NBTB TF NVMUJQMJRVF Z QVFEB BMJNFOUBS B VOB NBZPS CJPNBTB EF DPOTVNJEPSFT QSJNBSJPT %F MBT PUSBT dos pirรกmides, B EFCF DPSSFTQPOEFS BM CPTRVF Z A, a la -MBOVSB 1BNQFBOB RVF FT VO QBTUJ[BM &TUBT FMFDDJPOFT TF CBTBO FO MB DPNQBSBDJร O EFM BODIP EF MPT PUSPT OJWFMFT USร GJDPT &O FTB DPNQBSBDJร O TF WF RVF MB CJPNBTB EF MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT QSJNBSJPT FT NBZPS FO MB QJSร NJEF A que en la pirรกmide B &TUP TF EFCF B RVF TJ CJFO FO FM CPTRVF IBZ VOB HSBO DBOUJEBE EF CJPNBTB FO MPT ร SCPMFT HSBO QBSUF OP FT EJHFSJCMF Z QPS MP UBOUP OP QVFEF TFS BQSPWFDIBEB QPS MPT IFSCร WPSPT

23. a) &O MPT FDPTJTUFNBT UFSSFTUSFT TJ CJFO FM BHVB FT FM QSJODJQBM GBDUPS MJNJUBOUF MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE EFQFOEF EF VOB DPNCJOBDJร O FOUSF MB IVNFEBE Z MB UFNQFSBUVSB &O MPT FDPTJTUFNBT BDVร UJDPT FM QSJODJQBM GBDUPS MJNJUBOUF FT MB MV[ ZB RVF TPMP QFOFUSB FO FM BHVB IBTUB DJFSUB QSPGVOEJEBE

28

24. a) &O MB TFMWB MB DBOUJEBE EF MV[ Z MB EF BHVB TPO FMFWBEBT QPS MP UBOUP OP BDUร BO DPNP GBDUPSFT MJNJUBOUFT EF MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE &O DBNCJP FM TVFMP EF FTF FDPTJTUFNB OP DPOUJFOF HSBOEFT DBOUJEBEFT EF OVUSJFOUFT QPS MP UBOUP FTUPT DPOTUJUVZFO FM GBDUPS MJNJUBOUF QBSB MB GPUPTร OUFTJT b) -B BCVOEBOUF QSFDJQJUBDJร O FO VOB TFMWB UBMBEB DBF TPCSF FM TVFMP EFTDVCJFSUP MP RVF BSSBTUSB MPT OVUSJFOUFT RVF DPOUJFOF F JNQJEF RVF FTUร O EJTQPOJCMFT QBSB MPT QSPEVDUPSFT c) 4F QVFEF SFMBDJPOBS FTUF DBTP DPO MPT DBNQPT DVMUJWBEPT FO MPT RVF UBNCJร O TF RVJUB EFM FDPTJTUFNB B MPT QSPEVDUPSFT &O DPOTFDVFODJB EFTBQBSFDF MB Wร B EF FOUSBEB EF FOFSHร B BM FDPTJTUFNB 4J TF RVJUBO MPT ร SCPMFT FTUPT OP QSPEVDFO CJPNBTB B QBSUJS EF MBT TVTUBODJBT NJOFSBMFT FM EJร YJEP EF DBSCPOP Z MB MV[ FOUPODFT MB EJTNJOVDJร O FO MB DBOUJEBE EF CJPNBTB OP QFSNJUJSร DPOUJOVBS TPTUFOJFOEP B MPT EFNร T PSHBOJTNPT RVF PCUFOร BO FOFSHร B EJSFDUB P JOEJSFDUBNFOUF B QBSUJS EF MB CJPNBTB EF MPT ร SCPMFT

25. a) &M VTP EF MPT NBNร GFSPT NBSJOPT QBSB FTUVEJBS MB DPOUBNJOBDJร O EF MPT NBSFT TF CBTB FO MB NBHOJGJDBDJร O CJPMร HJDB $PNP FTUBT TVTUBODJBT OP TPO BQSPWFDIBEBT QPS MPT PSHBOJTNPT QBSB QSPEVDJS CJPNBTB OJ QBSB PCUFOFS FOFSHร B QPS NFEJP EF MB SFTQJSBDJร O QBTBO EF VO OJWFM USร GJDP B PUSP "EFNร T DPNP FO DBEB QBTBKF TF WBO BDVNVMBOEP FTPT DPOUBNJOBOUFT MPT NBNร GFSPT NBSJOPT RVF TVFMFO PDVQBS OJWFMFT FMFWBEPT FO MB DBEFOB BMJNFOUBSJB BDVNVMBO HSBOEFT DBOUJEBEFT EF DPOUBNJOBOUFT b) "M DPNQBSBS MB CJPNBTB EF VO CPTRVF B MP MBSHP EFM UJFNQP TF QVFEF TBCFS TJ FM CPTRVF FTUร FO EFTBSSPMMP TJ TF FTUBCJMJ[ร FM DSFDJNJFOUP EF MPT ร SCPMFT P JODMVTP TJ FTUร EJTNJOVZFOEP MB QSPEVDDJร O EF CJPNBTB

Pรกgina 193 26. a) $POTJEFSBOEP RVF MBT SFHJPOFT BOEJOBT Z DFOUSBMFT EF MB 1BUBHPOJB TF IBMMBO B MB NJTNB MBUJUVE FT EF TVQPOFS RVF FM GBDUPS RVF EJGJFSF FOUSF BNCBT FT MB IVNFEBE &TUF TFSร B FM GBDUPS MJNJUBOUF EF MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE FO MB SFHJร O DFOUSBM ZB RVF DPO NFOPT BHVB IBCSร NFOPT QSPEVDDJร O GPUPTJOUร UJDB b) -PT QBTUPT UJFOFO VO DSFDJNJFOUP Sร QJEP BEFNร T MPT BSCVTUPT UJFOFO CJPNBTB MFร PTB Z NBZPS UBNBร P MP RVF SFRVJFSF FOFSHร B QBSB TV NBOUFOJNJFO-

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Pรกgina 192 21. a) 1BSB Bufo marinus FM SBOHP EF UPMFSBODJB QBSB MB

UP &OUPODFT TF QVFEF TVQPOFS RVF MPT QBTUPT BM DBO[BO VO Nร YJNP EF QSPEVDUJWJEBE BOUFT RVF MPT BSCVTUPT QPS TFS Nร T FGJDJFOUFT FO MB EJTUSJCVDJร O EF MB FOFSHร B RVF JODPSQPSBO c) 4F WFSร B BGFDUBEP TFSJBNFOUF

27.

Pรกgina 198 8. "M PDVSSJS VO EJTUVSCJP FO VOB DPNVOJEBE TF BMUFSB MB (PSB: 500)

Sol

Materia vegetal (PPN:1.000)

Consumidores

Productores

(NU: 200)

Materia no utilizada

(ยฟ?: 250)

(ยฟ?: 450)

(Ra: 200)

Descomponedores

(Rh: 250)

-VFHP EF VCJDBS MPT WBMPSFT BQPSUBEPT DPNP EBUPT TF QVF EF DBMDVMBS MB FOFSHร B EF MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT RVF RVFEB EJT QPOJCMF QBSB MPT EFTDPNQPOFEPSFT SFTUBOEP MB 3I B MB 14# MP RVF EB VO WBMPS EF 4J TF TVNB FTUF WBMPS B MB FOFSHร B 6/ QPS MPT QSPEVDUPSFT TF PCUJFOF VO WBMPS EF LDBM IB Bร P RVF FT MB FOFSHร B UPUBM EJTQP OJCMF QBSB MPT EFTDPNQPOFEPSFT

10 La estabilidad en los ecosistemas Pรกgina 194 1. &O MB GPUP TF WFO TPMP MBT EJGFSFOUFT DPNVOJEBEFT WFHF UBMFT QFSP B QFTBS EF OP FTUBS FO MB JNBHFO MPT BOJ NBMFT MPT IPOHPT MBT CBDUFSJBT Z MPT QSPUJTUBT UBNCJร O GPSNBO QBSUF EF FTUF FDPTJTUFNB 2. Es clara la referencia que hace la frase de Margalef a RVF MPT DBNCJPT FO MBT FOUJEBEFT CJPMร HJDBT TPO MB OPS NB Z OP MB FYDFQDJร O -B GSBTF UBNCJร O IBDF SFGFSFODJB B MPT DPODFQUPT EF FRVJMJCSJP EJOร NJDP Z FTUBCJMJEBE 3. &M EPDFOUF EFCFSร USBCBKBS MBT TJHVJFOUFT JEFBT {FTUB CJMJEBE FT MB BVTFODJB EF DBNCJP {FTUBCJMJEBE FT TJOร OJNP EF SFTJTUFODJB {FTUBCJMJEBE FT TJOร OJNP EF FRVJMJCSJP

Pรกgina 196 4. &M UFYUP IBDF SFGFSFODJB B RVF MPT TFSFT WJWPT TPO TJTUF ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

BOUFT EF NPSJS 1BTB MB FTUBDJร O EFTGBWPSBCMF FO FTUB EP EF TFNJMMB -B TFNJMMB HFSNJOB DVBOEP MBT DPOEJDJP OFT BNCJFOUBMFT TPO BEFDVBEBT -BT QMBOUBT QFSFOOFT TPO EF DJDMP EF WJEB MBSHP

DPNQFUFODJB EF MBT FTQFDJFT QPS MPT SFDVSTPT &O FM DBTP EF MPT JODFOEJPT BMHVOBT FTQFDJFT WFHFUBMFT TPO FMJNJOBEBT QPS FM GVFHP MJCFSBOEP FM FTQBDJP EF DPN QFUFODJB Z QFSNJUJFOEP FM BDDFTP EF MV[ B [POBT QSFWJB NFOUF TPNCSFBEBT 9. -B GFSUJMJ[BDJร O FT DPOTJEFSBEB VO EJTUVSCJP QPSRVF JN QMJDB BHSFHBS OVFWPT OVUSJFOUFT RVF BMUFSBO MPT QSPDF TPT EF DPNQFUFODJB FOUSF FTQFDJFT

Pรกgina 201 10. &M DMJNB EFUFSNJOB MB EJTQPOJCJMJEBE EF BHVB VO SF DVSTP MJNJUBOUF EF MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE QSJNBSJB EF MPT FDPTJTUFNBT "EFNร T FM Sร HJNFO EF UFNQFSBUVSBT UBNCJร O JOGMVZF TPCSF MB EJTQPOJCJMJEBE EF BHVB Z BMUF SB MB UBTB NFUBCร MJDB EF MPT TFSFT WJWPT 11. 6OB JOVOEBDJร O QVFEF FMJNJOBS B QMBOUBT EF BMHVOBT FTQFDJFT QFSP OP EF UPEBT ZB RVF IBZ QMBOUBT BEBQUB EBT B FTUBT DPOEJDJPOFT "EFNร T TFHร O FM UJFNQP RVF EVSF FM CBODP EF TFNJMMBT EFM TVFMP TJHVF EJTQPOJCMF 12. 6OB QMBOUB BEVMUB EJTNJOVZF MB EJTQPOJCJMJEBE EF MV[ OFDFTBSJB QBSB MB HFSNJOBDJร O EF BMHVOBT TFNJMMBT Z MB GPUPTร OUFTJT EF MBT QMร OUVMBT "EFNร T FM TJTUFNB SBEJ DVMBS EF VOB QMBOUB BEVMUB BCTPSCF OVUSJFOUFT Z BHVB SFEVDJFOEP MB EJTQPOJCJMJEBE QBSB TFNJMMBT Z QMร OUV MBT "MHVOBT QMBOUBT NPEJGJDBO FM BNCJFOUF Z FM TVFMP que las rodean.

13. 3FTVMUB QBSBEร KJDP RVF VOB FTQFDJF iGBDJMJUFw B PUSB Z MVFHP SFTVMUF FYDMVJEB &O SFBMJEBE MB FTQFDJF QJPOFSB FTUร BEBQUBEB B DSFDFS Z SFQSPEVDJSTF Sร QJEBNFOUF Z BTร BQSPWFDIB [POBT RVF SFDJFOUFNFOUF GVFSPO FTDFOB SJP EF EJTUVSCJPT &M CBODP EF TFNJMMBT Z TV EJTQFSTJร O BTFHVSBO MB QSFTFODJB EF FTUB FTQFDJF FO OVFWPT TJUJPT Wร DUJNBT EF EJTUVSCJPT 14. &O MBT FUBQBT GJOBMFT EF VOB TVDFTJร O MB DPNQFUFODJB QPS SFDVSTPT FT FMFWBEB "MHVOBT FTQFDJFT QVFEFO FY DMVJS B PUSBT Z QPS MP UBOUP TF QJFSEF CJPEJWFSTJEBE

Pรกgina 202 15. &O MPT JOJDJPT FM SPM EFM KVODBM FT GVOEBNFOUBM ZB RVF BDFMFSB FM EFQร TJUP EF TFEJNFOUPT

NBT BCJFSUPT EF NPEP RVF TV DSFDJNJFOUP TV EFTBSSP MMP Z TV SFQSPEVDDJร O EFQFOEFO EF MB EJTQPOJCJMJEBE EF NBUFSJB Z FOFSHร B FO FM NFEJP 5. "M IBDFS VOB MJTUB TF DPOPDFSร B MB SJRVF[B P DBOUJEBE EF FTQFDJFT EF BWFT QSFTFOUFT 1BSB FTUJNBS MB EJWFSTJEBE IB Sร B GBMUB DPOPDFS DVร OUPT JOEJWJEVPT IBZ EF DBEB FTQFDJF

16. 4ร -B QPTJDJร O UPQPHSร GJDB QSPEVDF EJGFSFODJBT FO MB QP

Pรกgina 197 6. /P -B JEFB FT CVTDBS FMFNFOUPT FO FM UFYUP F JEFBT

18. -PT SFTVMUBEPT NVFTUSBO RVF FO UPEBT MBT FUBQBT MPT

TJCJMJEBE EF BOFHBNJFOUPT Z FT VO GBDUPS GVOEBNFOUBM QBSB HVJBS FM QSPDFTP RVF TJHVF FTUB TVDFTJร O WFHFUBM

Pรกgina 204 17. 1BSB MBT FTQFDJFT FYร UJDBT BQSPYJNBEBNFOUF FM NJFOUSBT RVF QBSB MBT OBUJWBT FM QPS DJFOUP

QSFWJBT EF MPT BMVNOPT QBSB SFTBMUBS MBT EJGFSFODJBT FO USF MPT DBNCJPT Dร DMJDPT FTUBDJPOBMFT Z MBT TVDFTJPOFT 7. 6OB QMBOUB BOVBM QPTFF VO DSFDJNJFOUP NVZ Sร QJEP Z DJDMP EF WJEB DPSUP 1SPEVDF HSBO DBOUJEBE EF TFNJMMBT

QBTUPT FYร UJDPT UVWJFSPO NBZPS DPCFSUVSB RVF MBT FTQF DJFT OBUJWBT Z RVF QPS MP UBOUP MB DPNQFUFODJB QPS SFDVSTPT FT BMUB -B SFNPDJร O EF MBT FTQFDJFT FYร UJDBT MJCFSBSร B NVDIPT SFDVSTPT RVF GBWPSFDFSร BO VO NBZPS DSFDJNJFOUP EF MBT OBUJWBT

29

Pรกgina 206 19. a) 'BMTB -PT TVFMPT EF TFMWBT OP TPO SJDPT FO OVUSJFO-

EPT QPS BMHVOB FTQFDJF RVF MB DBOUJEBE EF FTQFDJFT UPUBMFT

UFT ZB RVF FM SFTFSWPSJP FTUร FO MB QSPQJB WFHFUBDJร O Z FO MB BMUB UBTB EF EFTDPNQPTJDJร O &M FYVCFSBOUF EFTBSSPMMP TF EFCF B MB BCVOEBOUF EJTQPOJCJMJEBE EF BHVB Z FM Sร HJNFO EF UFNQFSBUVSBT b) 'BMTB &O VO QBTUJ[BM IBZ NBZPS DPCFSUVSB EF QMBOUBT Z NFOPT TVFMP EFTOVEP QPS FM NFOPS Eร GJDJU Iร ESJDP c) 7FSEBEFSB &O MBT FTUFQBT QSFEPNJOBO MPT BSCVTUPT RVF FTUร O BEBQUBEPT B MB FTDBTF[ EF BHVB

Pรกgina 210 23. 6OB QSPQJFEBE FNFSHFOUF FT BRVFMMB RVF SFTVMUB TPMP

PCKFUJWPT QMBOUFBEPT &M PCKFUJWP FSB WFS MPT DBNCJPT FO MB DPCFSUVSB QPS GPSNB EF WJEB OP IBDFS EJTUJODJร O QPS FTQFDJF b) )BDFS NFEJDJPOFT FO [POBT OP RVFNBEBT QFSNJUF MVFHP IBDFS DPNQBSBDJPOFT 4F USBUB EFM DPOUSPM EFM FYQFSJNFOUP 4ร DBNCJร c) -VFHP EF MPT NFTFT OP TF SFDVQFSร FO OJOHร O DBTP MB DPCFSUVSB UPUBM d) -PT SFTVMUBEPT NVFTUSBO VOB UFOEFODJB QFSP OBEB QVFEF BTFHVSBSTF Nร T BMMร EFM UJFNQP NVFTUSFBEP &O UPEP DBTP EFCFSร BO IBDFSTF NVFTUSFPT QPTUFSJPSFT QBSB TBCFS MP RVF PDVSSJร e) -B DPCFSUVSB FO MVHBSFT OP RVFNBEPT FT EFM &O OJOHร O DBTP TF SFDVQFSร MB DPCFSUVSB UPUBM JOJDJBM 4ร EFQFOEF EF MB HSBWFEBE EFM JODFOEJP f) 1BSB MPT QBTUPT QFSFOOFT TF SFDVQFSร MB DPCFSUVSB Z QBSB MPT QBTUPT BOVBMFT TF EVQMJDร g) "M SFDVQFSBSTF F JODMVTP EVQMJDBSTF MB DPCFSUVSB EF QBTUPT Z OP MB EF BSCVTUPT MB SFMBDJร O QBTUPT BSCVTUPT FT NVDIP Nร T FMFWBEB FO [POBT RVFNBEBT "VORVF FTUP QBSFDF WBMJEBS MB QSBDUJDJEBE EF RVFNBS QBSB BHSFHBS HBOBEP OP EFCFO PMWJEBSTF MPT PUSPT QSPCMFNBT RVF FTUP QVFEF QSPEVDJS FSPTJร O Z Qร SEJEB EF GFSUJMJEBE 4ร 1VFEF BGFDUBS MB DPCFSUVSB EF MBT [POBT OP RVFNBEBT

Pรกgina 208 21. /P 6OB FTQFDJF FYร UJDB QBSB TFS JOWBTPSB EFCF UFOFS QPCMBDJPOFT RVF TF SFHFOFSBO OBUVSBMNFOUF Z OP DPO JOUFSWFODJร O IVNBOB -BT FTQFDJFT JOWBTPSBT TPO DPNQFUJUJWBNFOUF FGJDJFOUFT Z QVFEFO EFTQMB[BS B MBT OBUJWBT

Pรกgina 209 22. a) %FTUBDB MB NBZPS QSPEVDUJWJEBE FO MBT DPNVOJEBdes con mรกs especies. b) -PT OJDIPT FDPMร HJDPT DPNQMFNFOUBSJPT QFSNJUJSร BO VO NFKPS BQSPWFDIBNJFOUP EF MPT SFDVSTPT Z VOB NBZPS DBOUJEBE EF FTQFDJFT QSFTFOUFT c) -PT HSVQPT GVODJPOBMFT TPO HSVQPT EF FTQFDJFT RVF DVNQMFO MB NJTNB GVODJร O FO VO FDPTJTUFNB EFTDPNQPOFEPSFT GJKBEPSFT EF OJUSร HFOPT FUD "MHVOBT JOWFTUJHBDJPOFT SFTBMUBO RVF FT Nร T JNQPSUBOUF RVF UPEPT MPT HSVQPT GVODJPOBMFT FTUร O SFQSFTFOUB-

30

24. /BUJWB &Yร UJDB

Hierbas Arbustos 'MFDIJMMB $PJSร O Z KBSJMMB 4PSHP EF BMFQP Z "SCVTUP FYร UJDP EJFOUF EF MFร O

ร rboles -FOHB Z DFJCP ยซMBNP Z QJOP

25. 4PO BUSJCVUPT EF VOB DPNVOJEBE MB EJWFSTJEBE MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE TFDVOEBSJB MB SJRVF[B Z MB FTUBCJMJEBE -B UBTB EF NPSUBMJEBE MB FTUSVDUVSB EF FEBEFT Z MB QSPQPSDJร O EF TFYPT TPO DBSBDUFSร TUJDBT EF QPCMBDJPOFT 26. 'BMTB 4J MPT EJTUVSCJPT MFWFT BGFDUBO BM TJTUFNB TF USBUB EF VO TJTUFNB QPDP SFTJTUFOUF -B Sร QJEB WFMPDJEBE EF SFDVQFSBDJร O IBDF RVF TFB NVZ SFTJMJFOUF FT EFDJS RVF QVFEFO WPMWFS B TV FTUBEP PSJHJOBM VOB WF[ RVF MB QFSUVSCBDJร O IB UFSNJOBEP 27. 1BSB FTUB SFTQVFTUB IBZ RVF SFDPSEBS MB DPNQFUFODJB FOUSF IFSCร WPSPT MB EJGFSFODJBDJร O EF OJDIPT FDPMร HJDPT FUD -BT QMBOUBT QSPQPSDJPOBO B MPT BOJNBMFT GVOEBNFOUBMNFOUF BMJNFOUP BVORVF UBNCJร O SFGVHJP -B QSFTFODJB EF EJGFSFOUFT BOJNBMFT IFSCร WPSPT EFQFOEF EF MB WBSJFEBE EF PGFSUB EF BMJNFOUPT FT EFDJS EF MB EJWFSTJEBE EF QMBOUBT 28. 4F USBUB EF VOB TVDFTJร O QSJNBSJB ZB RVF FO FTPT EFQร TJUPT EF SPDBT OP IBZ TVFMP GPSNBEP OJ IJTUPSJB CJPMร HJDB QSFWJB -BT NPSSFOBT HMBDJBSFT TPO QBSUF EFM QBJTBKF EF MPT MBHPT EFM TVS BSHFOUJOP 29. -B BMUB DPCFSUVSB FO BNCPT BNCJFOUFT IBDF RVF MB QBKB CSBWB JOIJCB FM DSFDJNJFOUP EF PUSBT FTQFDJFT

30. a) 6O NBUPSSBM b) 4VFMP EFTOVEP TJO WFHFUBDJร O c) /P UPEPT TFSร O UBO MMBOPT QPSRVF FO VOB TFMWB P FO VO CPTRVF IBCSร EJGFSFOUFT FTUSBUPT EF WFHFUBciรณn.

31. 4FHร O NVFTUSB FM HSร GJDP FO UPEPT MPT Bร PT MB CJPNBTB GVF NBZPS FO MBT DPNVOJEBEFT Nร T SJDBT

Pรกgina 211 32. %JWFSTJEBE DPNVOJEBE GBDJMJUBDJร O SJRVF[B EJTUVSCJP SFTJTUFODJB QPCMBDJร O TFDVOEBSJB -B QBMBCSB DMBWF FT TVDFTJร O

33. a) 'BMTB &O MBT [POBT EPOEF OP RVFEร SFHJTUSP EF WJEB QSFWJB TF QSPEVKP VOB TVDFTJร O EF UJQP QSJNBSJP NJFOUSBT RVF FO MBT [POBT FO MBT DVBMFT MBT DFOJ[BT BGFDUBSPO B MBT QBSUFT Bร SFBT EF MBT QMBOUBT QFSP OP B MBT SBร DFT OJ BM CBODP EF TFNJMMBT TF QSPEVKP VOB TVDFTJร O EF UJQP TFDVOEBSJP b) 'BMTB -BT QMBOUBT DPMPOJ[BEPSBT TF DBSBDUFSJ[BO

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Pรกgina 207 20. a) -B FMFDDJร O EF MBT WBSJBCMFT B NFEJS EFQFOEF EF MPT

EF MB JOUFSBDDJร O EF MBT QBSUFT RVF DPOTUJUVZFO VO TJTUFNB QFSP RVF OP TF FODVFOUSB FO DBEB VOB EF FTBT QBSUFT DVBOEP FTUร O BJTMBEBT -B QPTJCJMJEBE EF SFDJDMBS MB NBUFSJB FT VOB QSPQJFEBE FNFSHFOUF RVF DBSBDUFSJ[B B VOB DPNVOJEBE JOUFSWJFOFO QSPEVDUPSFT Z EFTDPNQPOFEPSFT

QPS UFOFS DJDMPT EF WJEB DPSUPT Z VOB FTDBTB EFNBOEB EF SFDVSTPT TPCSF UPEP NJOFSBMFT 4VT DBSBDUFSร TUJDBT TPO QSPQJBT EF MBT FTQFDJFT S FTUSBUFHBT c) 7FSEBEFSB -BT QMBOUBT DPMPOJ[BEPSBT EFCFO UFOFS MB DBQBDJEBE EF BSSJCBS B MBT [POBT Wร DUJNBT EF EJTUVSCJPT &TUBT FTQFDJFT TVFMFO JOWFSUJS NVDIP FO MB QSPducciรณn de propรกgalos que aseguren las generaciones QPTUFSJPSFT Z MB DPMPOJ[BDJร O EF OVFWBT ร SFBT &O HFOFSBM MBT TFNJMMBT Z MPT GSVUPT EF FTBT FTQFDJFT TPO QFRVFร PT Z TPO EJTQFSTBEPT QPS FM WJFOUP d) 7FSEBEFSB -BT QMBOUBT DPMPOJ[BEPSBT QBSUJDJQBO EF MB GPSNBDJร O EFM OVFWP TVFMP BQPSUBOEP NBUFSJB PSHร OJDB Z NJOFSBMFT "EFNร T EF GBWPSFDFS MB SFUFODJร O EF BHVB &TUBT OVFWBT DPOEJDJPOFT BNCJFOUBMFT QFSNJUFO FM FTUBCMFDJNJFOUP EF FTQFDJFT Nร T EFNBOEBOUFT EF SFDVSTPT

11 Los ecosistemas artificiales Pรกgina 212 1. &TUB BDUJWJEBE UJFOF QPS PCKFUJWP JOEBHBS MP RVF FOUJFOEFO MPT BMVNOPT TPCSF FM DPODFQUP EF TJTUFNB BHSPQFDVBSJP Z MB SFOUBCJMJEBE RVF TF QVFEF FYUSBFS EF FMMPT Z TJ FTUP BMUFSB FM FRVJMJCSJP EF MB OBUVSBMF[B 2. "VORVF QBSF[DB VO FDPTJTUFNB OBUVSBM QPS MB QSFTFODJB EF QMBOUBT Z MB BVTFODJB EF DPOTUSVDDJPOFT MPT DVMUJWPT TPO FDPTJTUFNBT BSUJGJDJBMFT ZB RVF OP TPO WJBCMFT TJO MB JOUFSWFODJร O IVNBOB Z MPT JOTVNPT RVF TF MFT aplican.

Pรกgina 213 3. -PT SFDVSTPT PCUFOJEPT QPS MB DB[B Z MB SFDPMFDDJร O

Pรกgina 220 7. &M IPSJ[POUF Nร T TVQFSGJDJBM EFM TVFMP QSFTFOUB MB NBZPS QBSUF EF MBT SBร DFT EF MBT QMBOUBT BEFNร T EF JOTFDUPT Z NJDSPPSHBOJTNPT -PT SFTUPT EF NBUFSJB PSHร OJDB RVF TF BDVNVMBO FO MB TVQFSGJDJF EFM TVFMP TPO USBOTGPSNBEPT QPS MB BCVOEBOUF BDUJWJEBE CJPMร HJDB RVF IBZ FO FTUB QSJNFSB DBQB

Pรกgina 221 8. -BT MBHVOBT SFDJCFO EFTDBSHBT EF FGMVFOUFT DPO BMUP DPOUFOJEP EF NBUFSJB PSHร OJDB RVF TFSร O EFTDPNQVFTUPT B GPSNBT JOPSHร OJDBT "EFNร T TJSWFO EF MVHBS EF SFDSFBDJร O QFTDB EFQPSUFT Oร VUJDPT FUD Z EF BNPSUJHVBDJร O EVSBOUF QPTJCMFT JOVOEBDJPOFT $MBSP RVF FTUPT TFSWJDJPT QVFEFO QFSEFSTF TJ MB DBOUJEBE EF TFEJNFOUPT Z OVUSJFOUFT PSHร OJDPT F JOPSHร OJDPT TPCSFQBTB MB DBQBDJEBE EF USBOTGPSNBDJร O EF FTUF FDPTJTUFNB

Pรกgina 222 9. &M EFTNPOUF B DBVTB EF MB FYQBOTJร O EF MB BHSJDVMUVSB QSJODJQBMNFOUF FO FM DIBDP TFNJร SJEP FYQPOF MPT TVFMPT B MBT QSFDJQJUBDJPOFT Z B UFNQFSBUVSBT FYUSFNBT MP RVF QSPNVFWF QSPDFTPT FSPTJWPT Z MB Qร SEJEB EF DPCFSUVSB WFHFUBM

Pรกgina 224 10. &M BWBODF EF MB BHSJDVMUVSB TPCSF MPT DBNQPT USBKP DPNP

FSBO QPDP QSFEFDJCMFT Z NVZ WBSJBCMFT NJFOUSBT RVF FM DVMUJWP Z MB DSร B EF BOJNBMFT BTFHVSBCB TV EJTQPOJCJMJEBE "EFNร T EF MB DBOUJEBE BVNFOUร MB WBSJFEBE EF MB EJFUB ZB RVF MPT BOJNBMFT BEFNร T EF DBSOF QSPWFร BO EF PUSPT BMJNFOUPT DPNP MB MFDIF

DPOTFDVFODJB FM BVNFOUP B MB FYQPTJDJร O EF TVTUBODJBT Uร YJDBT DPNP MPT IFSCJDJEBT P MPT JOTFDUJDJEBT "EFNร T QPS FM SFFNQMB[P EF MPT FDPTJTUFNBT OBUVSBMFT BMHVOBT FTQFDJFT EF JNQPSUBODJB TBOJUBSJB QPS TFS WFDUPSFT EF FOGFSNFEBEFT TF WJFSPO GBWPSFDJEBT DPNP MBT NPTDBT Z MPT SPFEPSFT MP RVF SFTVMUร QFSKVEJDJBM QBSB MB TBMVE

Pรกginas 214 4. -PT DPTUPT Z CFOFGJDJPT EFM SFFNQMB[P EF VO FDPTJTUF-

Pรกgina 226 11. &O FM DVBESP EFCFO GJHVSBS MBT TJHVJFOUFT JEFBT MB FTUB-

NB OBUVSBM QPS VO BHSPFDPTJTUFNB EFCFSร BO UFOFS FO DVFOUB VOB FTDBMB EF UJFNQP RVF WBZB Nร T BMMร EFM QFSร PEP EF EFTBSSPMMP EFM DVMUJWP Z DPOTJEFSBS FM NFEJBOP Z FM MBSHP QMB[P RVF JODMVZF MPT UJFNQPT EF BDDJร O Z SFTUBVSBDJร O EF MPT TFSWJDJPT FDPMร HJDPT

CJMJEBE EF VO FDPTJTUFNB EFQFOEF EF MB EJWFSTJEBE RVF BMCFSHVF MPT NPOPDVMUJWPT TPO TJTUFNBT NVZ QPDP FTUBCMFT BOUF DBNCJPT BNCJFOUBMFT -B SPUBDJร O Z MPT QPMJDVMUJWPT QFSKVEJDBO B MPT PSHBOJTNPT RVF BUBDBO MPT DVMUJWPT ZB RVF MB BMUFSOBODJB JNQPOF QFSร PEPT TJO FM IPTQFEBEPS FTUP SFEVDF FM VTP EF IFSCJDJEBT F JOTFDUJDJEBT %JGFSFOUFT EFNBOEBT EF MPT DVMUJWPT EF VOB SPUBDJร O QSPEVDFO VO NFOPS BHPUBNJFOUP EFM TVFMP Z QPS MP UBOUP NFOPS BQMJDBDJร O EF GFSUJMJ[BOUFT

Pรกgina 219 5. -B FOFSHร B JOHSFTB FO FM TJTUFNB FO GPSNB EF FOFSHร B ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

MB Qร SEJEB EF FOFSHร B RVF TF QSPEVDF FOUSF MPT EJGFSFOUFT OJWFMFT USร GJDPT &TUP TF QVFEF SFQSFTFOUBS WBSJBOEP FM HSPTPS EF MBT GMFDIBT $PNP NPEFMP QVFEFO PCTFSWBS MB GJHVSB EF MB Qร HJOB

MVNร OJDB Z DPNP QBSUF EF MBT UBSFBT EF MBCPSFP GFSUJMJ[BDJร O FUD "VORVF MB TFHVOEB QPSDJร O FT Nร OJNB FO DPNQBSBDJร O DPO MB QSJNFSB FT GVOEBNFOUBM TV QBSUJDJQBDJร O ZB RVF FTUPT TJTUFNBT BSUJGJDJBMFT OP TPO FTUBCMFT OJ BVUPTVTUFOUBCMFT 6. /P 1BSB RVF FTP PDVSSB UPEB MB 11/ EFCFSร B TFS DPOTVNJEB EJHFSJEB BTJNJMBEB Z DPOWFSUJEB FO CJPNBTB BOJNBM &TUP OP PDVSSF ZB RVF DBEB VOP EF FTUPT QBTPT QPTFF VOB FGJDJFODJB MJNJUBEB 6OB HFOFSBMJ[BDJร O BDFQUBCMF FT RVF FM EF MB 11/ FT DPOWFSUJEP FO QSPEVDUJWJEBE TFDVOEBSJB &O FM FTRVFNB EFCF GJHVSBS

Pรกgina 227 12, 13 Z 14 &M PCKFUJWP EF MB BDUJWJEBE FT RVF MPT BMVNOPT CVTRVFO JOGPSNBDJร O QBSB BSHVNFOUBS TVT BGJSNBDJPOFT

Pรกgina 228 15. -B IPNPHFOFJ[BDJร O EFM QBJTBKF BHSBSJP MB EFQFOEFODJB EF BHSPRVร NJDPT Z EF MBT FNQSFTBT RVF MPT QSPEVDFO MB Qร SEJEB EF [POBT EF DVMUJWPT EJGFSFOUFT Z MPT EFTNPOUFT QBSB EJTQPOFS EF Nร T [POBT EF DVMUJWP EF

31

TPKB TPO BMHVOBT EF MBT SB[POFT RVF TFร BMBO VO NBSDBEP EFUFSJPSP BNCJFOUBM 16. -B TVQVFTUB DPOUSBEJDDJร O OP FT UBM ZB RVF MB NBZPS QBSUF EF MB QSPEVDDJร O EF TPKB TF FYQPSUB FO GPSNB EF HSBOPT RVF OJ TJRVJFSB QPTFFO VO WBMPS BHSFHBEP .FOPT EFM EF MB QSPEVDDJร O EF TPKB TF DPOTVNF FO OVFTUSP QBร T QFSP BEFNร T MB Qร SEJEB EF [POBT EF DVMUJWPT EF USJHP Z NBร [ FODBSFDF MPT QSPEVDUPT EFSJWBEPT EF FTUBT FTQFDJFT

Pรกgina 229 17. a) -B EJGFSFODJB GVOEBNFOUBM TF FODVFOUSB FO MB GPSNB FO RVF TF DVMUJWBO -B BHSJDVMUVSB PSHร OJDB B EJGFSFODJB EF MB DPOWFODJPOBM TF BQPZB FO MPT TFSWJDJPT RVF QSFTUBO MPT FDPTJTUFNBT 1FSTJHVF FM PCKFUJWP EF NBOUFOFS MB GFSUJMJEBE Z MB FTUSVDUVSB EFM TVFMP NJOJNJ[BOEP MB MBCSBO[B QSPNPWFS FM SFDJDMBKF EF MB NBUFSJB PSHร OJDB Z IBDFS VO DPOUSPM OBUVSBM OP CBTBEP FO BHSPRVร NJDPT EF QMBHBT FOGFSNFEBEFT Z NBMF[BT b) &M QSJODJQBM CFOFGJDJP BNCJFOUBM FT MB DPOTFSWBDJร O EF MPT TFSWJDJPT FDPMร HJDPT c) -B BHSJDVMUVSB PSHร OJDB EFNBOEB NBZPS NBOP EF PCSB Z DPOTUJUVZF VOB GVFOUF EF USBCBKP QBSB DPNVOJEBEFT SVSBMFT &M TPCSFQSFDJP EF MPT QSPEVDUPT PSHร OJDPT BDUVBMNFOUF TF HFOFSB QPS MB JOWFSTJร O RVF EFCFO IBDFS MPT QSPEVDUPSFT QBSB PCUFOFS MBT DFSUJGJDBDJPOFT RVF MFT QFSNJUFO WFOEFS TVT QSPEVDUPT DPNP PSHร OJDPT -B NBZPS DBOUJEBE EF NBOP EF PCSB OP BVNFOUB MPT DPTUPT ZB RVF BM NJTNP UJFNQP EJTNJOVZFO MPT JOTVNPT RVร NJDPT B BQMJDBS

EFTFDIPT Z EJTQFSTB TFNJMMBT EF BMHVOBT FTQFDJFT -B DPNQFUFODJB QPS VO NJTNP SFDVSTP QSPEVDF VOB JOGMVFODJB OFHBUJWB FO NVDIBT FTQFDJFT EF IFSCร WPSPT OBUJWPT DJFSWPT QPS FKFNQMP

22.

Ingresos de energรญa Salidas de energรญa -V[ TPMBS &OFSHร B TPMBS OP BCTPSCJEB QPS FM QBTUJ[BM 1FSEJEBT FO GPSNB EF DBMPS QPS USBOTQJSBDJร O .BOFKP EFM QBTUJ[BM QPS QBSUF EFM QBTUJ[BM Z EFM HBOBEP .BOFKP EFM HBOBEP 1ร SEJEBT QPS VTP EF CJPNBTB QBSB MB SFTQJSB TBOJUBSJP Z SPEFPT ciรณn celular.

1ร SEJEBT QPS NBUFSJBM OP BTJNJMBEP QPS FM ganado. /VFWB CJPNBTB EF HBOBEP QBSUFT BQSPWFDIBCMFT Z OP BQSPWFDIBCMFT

3FQSFTFOUB MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE TFDVOEBSJB

-B QSPEVDUJWJEBE TFDVOEBSJB FTUร SFQSFTFOUBEB FO MB CJPNBTB HFOFSBEB QPS FM HBOBEP IBZ RVF EFTDPOUBS MBT Qร SEJEBT

Pรกgina 231 23. -PT JOTFDUPT QVFEFO BGFDUBS FM DSFDJNJFOUP EF MB QMBOUB P EJSFDUBNFOUF DPOTVNJS MBT QBSUFT RVF MVFHP JOUFHSBO MB DPTFDIB -BT NBMF[BT DPNQJUFO QPS MPT NJTNP SFDVSTPT RVF VUJMJ[BO MBT QMBOUBT EFM DVMUJWP QBSB DSFDFS BHVB MV[ Z NJOFSBMFT

24. &M HSร GJDP NVFTUSB RVF B NFEJEB RVF FM Gร TGPSP BVNFOUB MB USBOTQBSFODJB EFM BHVB EJTNJOVZF &TUP PDVSSF HFOFSBMNFOUF QPS FM DSFDJNJFOUP EF MBT QPCMBDJPOFT EF BMHBT BOUF FYDFTPT EF OVUSJFOUFT DPNP FM Gร TGPSP Z DPSSFTQPOEF BM QSPDFTP DPOPDJEP DPNP FVUSPGJ[BDJร O

25.

NPTUSBEP GVF DBVTBEP QSJODJQBMNFOUF QPS FM DSFDJNJFOUP QPCMBDJPOBM EF MPT QBร TFT FO EFTBSSPMMP -B EFNBOEB EF BMJNFOUPT TJO FNCBSHP BVNFOUร Nร T FO MPT QBร TFT EFTBSSPMMBEPT 6OB DPODMVTJร O QPTJCMF FT RVF MPT IBCJUBOUFT EF QBร TFT EFTBSSPMMBEPT JODSFNFOUBSPO FM DPOTVNP Z NFKPSBSPO TV EJFUB 19. -BT TFMWBT NPOUBOBT QSPUFHFO MPT TVFMPT EF MBT MBEFSBT EF MB FSPTJร O Iร ESJDB QSPEVDJEB QPS MBT GVFSUFT QSFDJQJUBDJPOFT $VBOEP TF EFTNPOUBO FTUBT [POBT FM TVFMP RVFEB FYQVFTUP B MBT MMVWJBT Z B MB FTDPSSFOUร B 20. &M TPCSFQBTUPSFP SFEVDF MB DPNQFUFODJB EF FTUBT FTQFDJFT DPO MPT QBTUPT Z EFNร T QMBOUBT DPOTVNJEBT QPS FM HBOBEP QPS FTP TVT QPCMBDJPOFT BVNFOUBO TJ MBT DPOEJDJPOFT TF NBOUJFOFO

21. a) 'BMTB -PT NPOPDVMUJWPT TPO BHSPFDPTJTUFNBT EF NVZ CBKB EJWFSTJEBE Z NVZ QPDP FTUBCMFT 4J OP GVFSB QPS MB JOUFSWFODJร O IVNBOB Z MB BQMJDBDJร O EF JOTVNPT TFSร BO FDPTJTUFNBT JOWJBCMFT b) 'BMTB -B HBOBEFSร B FYUFOTJWB NPEJGJDB MPT QBTUJ[BMFT ZB RVF MPT BOJNBMFT TPO TFMFDUJWPT BM QBTUPSFBS Z DBNCJBO MBT BCVOEBODJBT SFMBUJWBT EF MBT EJGFSFOUFT FTQFDJFT WFHFUBMFT "EFNร T FM HBOBEP BQPSUB

32

a) &M TPCSFQBTUPSFP QSPEVDF QJTPUFP FYDFTJWP EFM TVFMP Z EJTNJOVZF MB DPCFSUVSB WFHFUBM MP RVF BVNFOUB MB FTDPSSFOUร B Z MB FSPTJร O Iร ESJDB b) -PT NPOPDVMUJWPT QPTFFO VOB Nร OJNB EJWFSTJEBE Z TJ BEFNร T QSFEPNJOBO FOUSF MPT DBNQPT EF VOB NJTNB SFHJร O TF QSPEVDF VOB IPNPHFOFJ[BDJร O EFM QBJTBKF RVF BVORVF FT SFOUBCMF B DPSUP QMB[P FO Uร SNJOPT EF QSPEVDDJร O BVNFOUB MPT SJFHPT EF QSPCMFNBT GJUPTBOJUBSJPT Z DPOUBNJOBDJร O c) -PT QSPEVDUPSFT VUJMJ[BO GFSUJMJ[BOUFT QFTUJDJEBT Z IFSCJDJEBT &M EFTDPOPDJNJFOUP EF TV VTP IBDF RVF B WFDFT TF BQMJRVFO EPTJT NBZPSFT RVF MBT SFDPNFOEBEBT QBSB PCUFOFS FGFDUPT Nร T Sร QJEPT &M FYDFTP QVFEF GJMUSBSTF B MBT OBQBT P FTDVSSJS B DVFSQPT EF BHVB TVQFSGJDJBMFT Z QSPEVDJS DPOUBNJOBDJร O 26. -PT SFMJDUPT EF FDPTJTUFNBT TPO FGFDUJWBNFOUF JTMBT FO VOB NBUSJ[ EF BHSPFDPTJTUFNBT 4J FTUPT SFMJDUPT TPO QFRVFร PT Z FTUร O NVZ BMFKBEPT FOUSF Tร OP QPESร O DPOTFSWBS MB CJPEJWFSTJEBE PSJHJOBM EFM FDPTJTUFNB RVF SFQSFTFOUBO 27. 1: (JSBTPM 2: Gร TGPSP 3: GFSUJMJ[BOUF 4: IFSCJDJEB FTDPSSFOUร B 6: Dร SDBWB 7: TPKB 8: NPOPDVMUJWP 9: BHSPFDPTJTUFNB 10: FSPTJร O 11: BHSPOPNร B 12: SPUBDJร O Z 13: 11/

ยฉ Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Pรกgina 230 18. &M DSFDJNJFOUP EF MB QPCMBDJร O NVOEJBM FO FM QFSร PEP