HYDROPOLIS
ADDRESSING CHALLENGES OF SEA LEVEL RISING
ACADEMIC TERM: 512 STUDIO | 2019
PROFESSOR: ZEULER LIMA
TYPE: MIXED USE/LABORATORY & HOTEL
SITE: BALI, INDONESIA
FEATURED PROJECT
Live in the sea
Jacques Rougerie competition
01. MANIFESTO
A human underwater habitat is now a reality. Here humans can live for a longer period of time and also carry out most of their daily functions just as easily as on land. This underwater structure is designed in a way that people living in it can work, eat, rest, sleep and maintain personal hygiene as they would do on land.
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Architectural space is similar to the movement of water.
- Paul Rudolph
This idea of human living and doing research work underwater seems like a utopia so far of course. However, humans are already living underwater for short periods in a research capacity at the Aquarius Reef Base off the Florida Keys. Plus, there are a handful of unique sub-aquatic luxury leisure experiences available currently, for example, at the Ithaa Undersea Restaurant at the Conrad Hilton in the Maldives, where patrons can dine, wed, or even sleep inside a transparent acrylic chamber five meters (16 feet) below the surface of the Indian Ocean. Also, currently under construction is the Water Discs Underwater Hotel, in Dubai, which will consist of 21 sub-aquatic rooms surrounded by bustling coral reef. As our earth keeps getting warmer the sea level is also rising so there is a need for conducting research along the rising coastline. A lab can combine with a underwater tourism attraction spot such as diving and underwater hotel to fulfill this need.
different sea level heights. These platforms provide habitats for marine organisms living in different depths, and also provide research samples and tourist attractions for human beings. The building can also be adjusted according to the height of sea level rise in the future.
The tidal turbines works around a vertical axis using a special technology called: the hunter turbine. There are 6 modules of tidal turbines along the vertical axis forming the tidal power station. It consists of 7 elements – one connecting element, 6 combi elements (one element = ballast tank + vertical axis tidal turbine) and one heavy solid element to stabilize the whole building.
Tidal Turbines
03. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
The building is mainly composed of four structural components, which are the sightseeing space on the top floor and the vertical core use space, the stairs and elevators responsible for vertical traffic, the circularly rising outdoor platform, and finally six tidal turbines. From the cross section, we can see how these four are combined together. Therefore, the main load-bearing structure is the vertical traffic core, and the outdoor platform and tidal turbine transfer the weight to the vertical structure through the girders. Users can achieve vertical transportation not only through indoor stairs and elevators, but also through outdoor rotating platforms. There will be column foundations on the ground to resist settlement, and the column foundations will top the rock layer on the sea floor. The construction materials will use compressive and corrosion-resistant concrete, which is prefabricated and transported to the construction site for assembly to minimize the damage to the ecological environment caused by subsea construction.
From the section, it can be seen that tourists enter the viewing platform at sea level through a bridge and then descend along the vertical traffic space to reach the seabed. Tidal turbines are distributed vertically along the vertical structure to provide sustainable electricity for the building. The rotating platform is fixed on the main body of the building and hovering upwards to provide habitats for species living at various depths in the ocean.
BIRD NESTS
TAKING CARE OF THE VULNERABLES
IN THE ECOSYSTEM
ACADEMIC TERM: 611 STUDIO | 2020
PROFESSOR: PATTY HEYDA
TYPE: MIXED USE/COMMERCIAL & EDUCATIONAL
SITE: ANTIRE HILL, ST LOUIS
FEATURED PROJECT WUSTL student work showcase
“The moral test of a society is how it treats its most vulnerable ” -
Mahatma Gandhi
Northern cardinals are numerous across the eastern United States from the southern half of Maine to Minnesota. The frequency of northern cardinals throughout the year in the state of Missouri is 62%. The northern cardinal is a midsized song bird with a body length of 21–23 cm (8.3–9.1 in). It has a distinctive crest on the head and a maskon the face. The male is a vibrant red, while the female is a reddish olive color.
The site has a very vibrant natural environment which especially good for setting up hiking trails near the creak. And the trail will attract lots of hikers and tourists who want to merge themselves into the nature. We walk along the footpath on site to understand the scenery along the way, and I think architecture should continue this linear journey. Because our land is very large, so decided to make full use of this, so that the main users of my building can fully explore the land. I want to create a reserve for the cardinals to rest and also for people to observe. There will also be all kinds of plants forming a small ecology that the users have seen when they are hiking towards the building.
The main functions of the first floor plan include the kitchen of the hostel and the ecology center with its coffee bar. The windows on the facade can change the opening direction according to the wind direction. This will maximize air flow and create the best indoor conditions for the ecology center. The main function of the second floor plan is a three room hostel and a viewing platform. People can enjoy the scenery on the viewing platform and watch the cardinal at the same time. Because the food that cardinal likes to eat is planted on the ground of the first floor, cardinal will be attracted to build nests on the first or second floor. The roof are hollowed out to facilitate the growth of trees which is convenient for birds to build nests.
The facade details of the building are based on cardinal’s feather details. The structure of feathers can be divided into three levels: rachis, barb and barbule. The last special structure is called hooklet, which means that the top of feathers hook together to form a rain proof and heat preservation barrier. The layering effect of the facade imitates the feather of cardinal.
The layering of facade elements
SERPENTINE
ROOFTOP OBSERVATORY
ACADEMIC YEAR: 511 STUDIO I 2019
PROFESSOR: PATRICK GUMR
TYPE: CULTURAL/RESIDENTIAL/RETAIL
SITE: ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
The base of the building is located on a small island in the river There are residential areas on both sides of the river. A main traffic road is connected to the nearby railway station through the island, which is convenient for residents to travel. The total height of the building is 820 feet and the height of the single storey is 15.8 feet. The main functions are apartment and office. The first to tenth floors are hotels, the 11th to 30th floors are offices, and the 31st to 50th floors are apartments.
The shape of the building came from bending and twisting of the original massing
APARTMENTS STANDARD FLOOR PLAN OFFICE STANDARD FLOOR PLAN
Each floor provides 13 living units ranging from 400-1000sqft. Extra flexible office spaces can be aquired by firms if they grew larger.
FLOOR PLAN
The entrance core stands in a set of green space. The facade of the building adopts double skin design, and the outside of the bearing structure and curtain wall is another green façade. All the plants on the green façade can be found locally so they are easy to grow. Irrigation components have been integrated into the details of the façade so that the owners don’t have to worry about. Green façade has a lot of benefits. Green walls and facades can reduce heat gain in summer by directly shading the building surface. Green roofs reduce heat transfer through the roof and ambient temperatures on the roof surface, improving the performance of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. There are also three sky lobbies at the corner of each floor to provide people with space for rest and communication. It can also be used as a temporary refuge space in an emergency.
The whole building is mainly composed of four layers of structural components, which are core tube, floor, external load-bearing structure, curtain wall and green curtain wall.
This building adopts tube structure. Tube structure is developed from frame shear wall structure and full shear wall structure. Tube structure is a kind of closed tube structure, which concentrates the shear wall or dense column frame to the interior and exterior of the building. It is characterized by concentrated shear walls to obtain a larger free space, which is mostly used in office buildings and hotel apartment buildings.
The lateral force resisting member, which is composed of the space frame with dense columns and high beams or the space shear wall and plays the role of the whole space under the horizontal load, is called the tube. The
structure formed by one or several tubes as the main lateral force resisting members is called tube structure, which is suitable for high-rise buildings with complicated plane or vertical layout and large horizontal load.
One example is Taipei 101, also known as Taipei 101 building, which is currently the second tallest building in the world. Located in Xinyi District, Taipei City, Taiwan, designed by architect Li Zuyuan and built by ktrt team. Taipei 101 used to be the tallest building in the world. On January 4, 2010, the completion of Dubai Tower (828 meters) made Taipei 101 the second tallest building in the world.
In the section, we can see the relationship between the envelope and the green facade. The components of the green facade are fixed on the external support structure around the floor slab. In the irregular shape of high-rise buildings, when the slope is no longer suitable for the use of elevators, vertical circulation will be using escalators, escalators can solve the problem of vertical traffic and also horizontal traffic at the same time. There will be a large sky lobby at the highest horizontal point of the architectural massing, so that people can hold activities and also enjoy the scenery.
NOMADS LAND
SUSTAINABLE NOMADIC SETTLEMENTS
CLUSTER PATTERNS
The African homestead consists of a scattered layout of separate rooms around an open living space, and a village consists of a scattered layout of such homesteads, sometimes with an enclosure wall. While each room is enclosed, the open spaces – courtyards – are outdoor rooms, which are for daily activities. The climates of eastern and southern Africa allow yearround outdoor living, and enclosed space is used for cooking and sleeping.
This settlement form is ecologically responsive and according to strict farming rules and cultural beliefs, which developed over centuries. scattered, but organically arrangedaround a central space.
AGGREGATED NOMADIC
Data source: Prof Gerald Steyn, Ph.D. African courtyard architecture: Typology, art, science and relevance.
One of the things that can best represent the modern African American culture is their arts in terms of graphic design and graffitis on textiles.
So I look into some of the traditional African nomadic textiles design, the patterns all have a very long history. Then shapes can be abstracted from these nomadic patterns. These unique patterns also often serves as the family crest for each nomadic tribes which is resonating with the situation of our site. These dynamic and colorful shapes have been inherited by the African American community and plays an important part in modern African American culture.
Groblersdal, South Africa Nabdam, Ghana Watamu, Kenya
CLUSTER PATTERNS & TEXTILE PATTERNS
Tombstones of each family has been scattered all across Westland Acres. These tombstones are the living proof of the history of the land and it is definitely going to be reserved in the development and they can also serve as historical anchor points in the design.
Reorganize the abstracted shapes according to the location of the family tombs and nomadic pattern to make they scttered on the site yet still connected.
Nomadic cluster centered around the historical family tombs. The cirlce in the center are galleries dedicated to that specific family.
CONTOUR FARMING
USDA: Farming on the contour creates small ridges that slow runoff water. In stripcropping, the small grain or hay strips slow runoff water, allowing infiltration and filtering sediment. Farming on the contour rather than up and down reduces fuel consumption and is easier on equipment.
The loadbearing structure is made of wood. Most of the wood structure can be prefabricated to reduce construction time and impact on the environment.
Exterior walls are SIP panels which are prefabricated straight walls with higher levels of insulation, airtightness, and strength when comparing whith traditional wood-frame construction.
The facade is the tilted black phenolic panels. The facade has excellent dielectric strength, good machinability, light weight, heat and wear resistant, resists corrosion and chemicals.
Wood structure at the corner is holding the SIP panels and the facade all together. The small horizontal beam has been fixed onto the column by metal connector. Then flashing is on top of the small wood beam to protect the water barrier from rain water.
Metal bracket underneath the floor holds the SIP panels and the facade. The finish is carpet on top of the concrete slab, there is vapor barrier underneath the floor slab then insulation and water barrier and drywalls on the outside.
