Garciaberthou iec 211117

Impactes i gestió de les invasions a les aigües continentals Emili García-Berthou E-mail: emili.garcia@udg.edu http://invasiber.org/egb.html

http://www2.udg.edu/greco https://twitter.com/garciaberthou

Impactes i gestió de les invasions

a les aigües continentals

• Per què les aigües continentals són molt importants per la biologia d’invasions?

• Exemples d’impactes • Interacció amb l’alteració hidrològica • Com millorar la gestió (i la recerca)?

Impactes i gestió de les invasions

a les aigües continentals

• Per què les aigües continentals són molt importants per la biologia d’invasions?

• Exemples d’impactes • Interacció amb l’alteració hidrològica • Com millorar la gestió (i la recerca)?

4

Freshwater fishes: enormous biodiversity Freshwater ecosystems 0.01% of the Earth’s water (volume) 0.8% of the Earth’s surface 6% of spp. described (Dudgeon et al. 2006)

9,5% of animal spp. are related to freshwater habitats (Balian et al. 2008) (excluding brackish water spp.)

Out of ca. 30,000 fish spp., ca.

40% are from fresh water (Lévêque et al., 2008)

Freshwater ecosystems: very rich in biodiversity, many endemics About 61 native inland fish species in the IP (including native and diadromous but excluding marine species; 51 strictly freshwater) (of which about 41 endemic to the IP ) 26 introduced and established

Genetic tools are revolutionizing freshwater fish taxonomy (see e.g. papers by Doadrio and coauthors) B. meridionalis

Squalius

Iberochondrostoma

m

Squalius laietanus

B. haasi

Squalius

CYPRINODONTIFORMES

Cyprinodontidae Aphanius iberus Aphanius baeticus Valenciidae Valencia hispanica

Gรณmez & Lunt (2006)

Freshwater fishes: enormous biodiversity, highly threatened Darwall et al. (2009) IUCN

37% de 3481 spp. of fishes evaluated (out of ca. 30,700 described) are threatened (Darwall et al. 2009 IUCN) Europe => 525 spp. of inland fish (excluding 21 migratory spp.)

37% (of 524) threatened (CR, EN, VU) (Freyhof, & Brooks 2011) only 5% (28) Data Deficient > 50% of inland fish in the Mediterranean basin are threatened (Darwall et al.

2009 IUCN)

Causes of threat?

Darwall et al. (2009) IUCN

García-Berthou et al. (2007) Iberian inland waters: 27 vertebrates (22 fish) (2001)

Discoglossus pictus •

• Trachemys scripta

• • •

Myocastor coypus Ondatra zibethicus Neovison vison

• •

•

Pseudorasbora parva,...

•

García-Berthou et al. (2007)

http://invasiber.org/GarciaBerthou/docs/papers/GarciaBerthou_etal_Gherardi_ed_book.pdf

aguas continentales ibéricas:

43 invertebrados (32 libres + 11 parásitos) 27 vertebrados (22 peces) CRUSTACEA OSTRACODA (7 spp.)

Dolerocypris sinensis CRUSTACEA DECAPODA Procambarus clarkii

CRUSTACEA BRANCHIOPODA

Artemia franciscana

Cherax destructor Pacifastacus leniusculus Palaemon macrodactylus

MOLLUSCA BIVALVIA

Rhithropanopeus harrisii

Corbicula fluminea

Eriocheir sinensis

Dreissena polymorpha Mytilopsis leucophaeta

García-Berthou et al. (2007)

http://invasiber.org/GarciaBerthou/docs/papers/GarciaBerthou_etal_Gherardi_ed_book.pdf

Iberian inland waters: 43 invertebrates (32 free + 11 parasites) 27 vertebrates (22 fish)

NEMATODA Anguillicoloides (=Anguillicola) crassus

CRUSTACEA COPEPODA Lernaea cyprinacea

PLATYHELMINTHES MONOGENEA (6 spp.)

Gyrodactylus salaris

13

number of introduced fish species Dawson et al. (2017) Nature Ecology and Evolution

Leprieur et al. (2008) Plos Biology

% of introduced species Clavero & García-Berthou (2006) Ecol. Appl.

http://invasiber.org/GarciaBerthou/docs/papers/EcolAppl06.pdf

Leprieur et al. (2008) Plos Biology

biotic homogenization Clavero & García-Berthou (2006) Ecol. Appl.

Villéger et al. (2007) PNAS

14

Impactes i gestió de les invasions

a les aigües continentals

• Per què les aigües continentals són molt importants per la biologia d’invasions?

• Exemples d’impactes • Interacció amb l’alteració hidrològica • Com millorar la gestió (i la recerca)?

Almeida et al. (2017) Sci.Total Envir. 605–606: 1055–1063. http://www.invasiber.org/GarciaBerthou/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Almeida_STOTEN_17_with_SI.pdf

17 100

EBR

carp fish birds crayfish invertebrates dig . material plant

80 60

Females

40 20 0 100

Ebro (introductions 1970s) 7+ TL = 100 cm

1200

FLI

80 60 40

Site EBR FLI RIB SAU SUS

800

400 1

2

4

6

Age (years)

10 13

Ter (introductions < 10 years) 7+ TL = 150 cm

Mean percentage of biomass

Total length (mm)

1600

20 0 100

RIB

80

common moorhen

60

Gallinula chloropus

40 20 0 100

SAU

80 60 40 20 0 100

SUS

80 60

European catfish Silurus glanis

40 20 0 0

300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100

Total length (mm)

REN2003-00477/GLO

https://goo.gl/qJN4GD

REN2003-00477/GLO

18

introduced worldwide since the 1920s to control mosquitoes as vectors of malaria García-Berthou et al. (2005) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) > 50

native distribution: southeastern USA

countries

Benejam et al. (2009) Biol. Invas.

WELL KNOWN IMPACTS: • trophic cascades (Hurlbert et al. 1972, Hurlbert & Mulla 1982) • amphibians (e.g. Gamradt & Kats 1996, Baber & Babbitt 2003) • N American and Iberian cyprinodontiform or Australian fish (e.g. Alcaraz et al. 2008)

current distribution in the Mediterranean region 800 Km

Ecological impact of mosquitofish on endemic Mediterranean cyprinodonts see e.g. RincĂłn et al. (2002), Alcaraz et al. (2008) Oecologia, Carmona-Catot et al. (2013) PloS One

fartet Aphanius iberus (Cyprinodontidae)

EmpordĂ salt marshes (Catalonia, Spain)

mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki Poeciliid fish

20

21

Impact of introduced fish and crayfish on native amphibians

Impactes i gestió de les invasions

a les aigües continentals

• Per què les aigües continentals són molt importants per la biologia d’invasions?

• Exemples d’impactes • Interacció amb l’alteració hidrològica • Com millorar la gestió (i la recerca)?

drivers

passengers

both

What is hydrologic alteration? â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hydrological alteration can be defined as any anthropogenic disruption in the magnitude or timing of natural river flows.â&#x20AC;?

Rosenberg et al. (2000)

dams water abstraction through wells

Susqueda Reservoir, Spain

weir + diversion channel for irrigation or hydroelectricity

Tordera stream, Spain

Spain > 1000 reservoirs > 60.000 hm続 = 60 km続 347 reservoirs of > 10 hm続 = 1010 L = 107 m続

http://hispagua.cedex.es/datos/hidrografia#9

26

The role of dams and hydrologic alteration â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hydrological alteration can be defined as any anthropogenic disruption in the magnitude or timing of natural river flows.â&#x20AC;?

Rosenberg et al. (2000)

dams

Susqueda Reservoir, Spain

Johnson et al. (2008) Dam invaders: impoundments facilitate biological invasions into freshwaters. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6: 357-363.

Poff & Hart (2002) Bioscience 52: 659-668

Many introduced species are “limnophilic” species García-Berthou et al. 2005 Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. http://invasiber.org/EGarcia/papers/CJFAS05.pdf

10

Murphy et al. (2015) Freshwater Science 34: 965-974 Bae et al.: under review 10 × 10 km UTM resolution

records of Gambusia holbrooki in the Iberian Peninsula thanks to I. Doadrio, M.T. Ferreira Ribeiro F., Beldade R., Dix M. & Bochechas J. (2007a) Carta Piscícola Nacional. Direcção Geral dos Recursos Florestais-Fluviatilis. Available at: http://www.cartapiscicola.org and others for data!

records of Micropterus salmoides

Murphy et al. (2015) Freshwater Science 34: 965-974 http://invasiber.org/GarciaBerthou/docs/papers/Murphy_FS_2015.pdf

Mosquitofish

Table 3. Variable importance by modelling technique (see Methods for the abbreviations).

The top five variables (determined by contribution) for each test are noted with a superscript from a-e.

Modellin

Mean

Annual

Flow

Topogra

Thermal

g

annual

precipit

accumu

phic

Range

techniq

tempera

ation

lation

index

ue

ture

Slope

Elevatio

Local

Total

%

%

Human

n

dams

no.

Agricult

Urban

populati

dams

ural

land

on

upstrea

land

use

density

m

use

ANN

1.2

19.9c

20.9b

0.0

9.4

15.9d

45.2a

0.0

1.8

2.6

0.2

10.2e

BRT

6.5d

6.4e

2.0

1.5

7.6c

8.6b

27.0a

0.0

4.7

3.5

0.5

0.5

CTA

42.1b

27.2d

13.8

2.0

13.6

19.1e

52.2a

1.1

28.4c

5.9

5.2

4.8

FDA

10.5c

5.3

0.0

2.7

17.4b

4.9

74.8a

0.0

6.0e

8.2d

0.0

0.0

GAM

6.7d

7.4c

0.0

3.1

15.5b

5.7

81.8a

1.1

2.4

6.6e

0.0

0.0

GLM

11.0c

8.5d

1.0

2.7

17.6b

5.6

88.2a

1.5

2.8

7.3e

0.0

0.0

MARS

27.7c

0.0

0.0

2.1

42.2b

27.1d

62.7a

0.0

5.1

9.5e

0.0

0.0

MaxEnt

18.5b

15.1d

1.6

0.7

3.9

8.8e

30.8a

0.2

15.2c

3.5

0.6

0.2

RF

17.5b

6.0

6.2

1.6

7.3e

8.3c

20.7a

0.1

7.9d

3.4

0.7

2.4

2.5

6.1c

3.3e

2.0

2.4

3.6c

8.2a

1.9

1.2

2.7

1.0

5.5d

SRE

mean annual temperature

elevation

total number of upstream dams

current records of mosquitofish

random forest prediction of mosquitofish probability of presence

ensemble forecast of mosquitofish probability of presence

Murphy, Grenouillet & GarcĂ­a-Berthou (2015) http://invasiber.org/GarciaBerthou/docs/papers/Murphy_FS_2015.pdf

Bae et al., under review

33

% of introduced individuals E bro_River_bas in

Legend

±

provinc e_Diss olve1 E bro_River_bas in

provinc e_Diss olve1

ntroduction

No_native

")

0

100 200

100 200

") ")

")E bro_River_bas in

ODYSSEUS

") ")

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provinc e_Diss" )olve1

")

±

")

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0 ")

")

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400 Km

100 200

")

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0. 000001 - 2. 000000

±

400 Km

")

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0. 000000

400 Km

0

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2. 000001 - 4. 000000

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0.0000000 (102) 6. 000001 - 8. 000000 0.1000001 – 25 (61)- 25. 000000

") ") ") ")

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Inac c es ible NA (89)

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40 0

20 80 40 Km

80 Km

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20

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Rio sec o 75.

- 100. 000000 75000001 – 100 (34)

Du et al., under review

") ")

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P_A_tras 50. 000001 - 75. 000000 50 – 75 (26)

Rios 100_E bro_c lip

")

") ")

") ")

batchpoint_Ebro_final 25.

25000001 – 50 (57)- 50. 000000

E bro_River_bas in

") ")

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%_intro_sp4. 000001 - 6. 000000

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Introduction

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Impactes i gestió de les invasions

a les aigües continentals

• Per què les aigües continentals són molt importants per la biologia d’invasions?

• Exemples d’impactes • Interacció amb l’alteració hidrològica • Com millorar la gestió (i la recerca)?

Economic costs mostly devoted to control

http://www.mma.es/secciones/agua/notas_prensa/mimam_instala_cantabria_estac_filt_grande_espania_mejillon_cebra_norte_26_07_07 .pdf

Controlling the zebra mussel in the Great Lakes cost $300400 million in 1989-1995 (Revenga et al. 2000:56).

2 billion US $ (Vitousek et al.

1997)

Economic costs mostly devoted to control “jacinto de agua o camalote”, water hyacinth Eichornia crassipes Pontederiaceae from South America

MMA: 6 M € for 2006 http://www.espacioblog.com/forestman/post/2006/01/08/nos-invade-camalote http://hidra.udg.es/invasiber/fitxa_detalls.php?taxonomic=3&id_fitxa=85

urgencias de gestión: priorización - ¿qué priorizar? ¿qué conservar/restaurar? posibilidades de gestión: prevenir, análisis de riesgos, control, erradicación,... (evaluar coste/rendimiento)

- “mejor prevenir que curar”; evitar introducción de nuevas spp. y en nuevas cuencas; estudiar rutas y vectores de introducción

http://www.mapama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/conservacion-de-especies/especies-exoticas-invasoras/

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/invasivealien/list/index_en.htm

Scientific name Eriocheir sinensis Lithobates catesbeianus Myocastor coypus Orconectes limosus Orconectes virilis Oxyura jamaicensis Pacifastacus leniusculus Percottus glenii Procambarus clarkii Procambarus fallax f. virginalis Pseudorasbora parva Threskiornis aethiopicus Trachemys scripta

Chinese mittencrab American bullfrog Coypu Spiny-cheek crayfish Virile crayfish Ruddy duck Signal crayfish Amur sleeper Red swamp crayfish

Entry into force 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016

Marbled crayfish

3 August 2016

Stone moroko Sacred ibis Red-eared, yellow-bellied and Cumberland sliders

3 August 2016 3 August 2016

English name

3 August 2016

Neobiota (2013)

J. Fish Biol. (2013)

Impactes i gestió de les invasions a les

aigües continentals Conclusions

• Les aigües continentals són molt importants per la biologia d’invasions • Molts impactes, encara poc coneguts • Interacció amb l’alteració hidrològica • Podem millorar molt la gestió i la interacció recerca-gestió

GrĂ cies per la vostra atenciĂł!

http://invasiber.org/egb.html https://twitter.com/garciaberthou