Impactes i gestió de les invasions a les aigües continentals Emili García-Berthou E-mail: emili.garcia@udg.edu http://invasiber.org/egb.html
http://www2.udg.edu/greco https://twitter.com/garciaberthou
Impactes i gestió de les invasions
a les aigües continentals
• Per què les aigües continentals són molt importants per la biologia d’invasions? • Exemples d’impactes • Interacció amb l’alteració hidrològica • Com millorar la gestió (i la recerca)?
Impactes i gestió de les invasions
a les aigües continentals
• Per què les aigües continentals són molt importants per la biologia d’invasions? • Exemples d’impactes • Interacció amb l’alteració hidrològica • Com millorar la gestió (i la recerca)?
4
Freshwater fishes: enormous biodiversity Freshwater ecosystems 0.01% of the Earth’s water (volume) 0.8% of the Earth’s surface 6% of spp. described (Dudgeon et al. 2006)
9,5% of animal spp. are related to freshwater habitats (Balian et al. 2008) (excluding brackish water spp.) Out of ca. 30,000 fish spp., ca. 40% are from fresh water (Lévêque et al., 2008)
Freshwater ecosystems: very rich in biodiversity, many endemics About 61 native inland fish species in the IP (including native and diadromous but excluding marine species; 51 strictly freshwater) (of which about 41 endemic to the IP ) 26 introduced and established
Genetic tools are revolutionizing freshwater fish taxonomy (see e.g. papers by Doadrio and coauthors) B. meridionalis
Squalius
Iberochondrostoma
m
Squalius laietanus
B. haasi
Squalius
CYPRINODONTIFORMES
Cyprinodontidae Aphanius iberus Aphanius baeticus Valenciidae Valencia hispanica
Gรณmez & Lunt (2006)
Freshwater fishes: enormous biodiversity, highly threatened Darwall et al. (2009) IUCN
37% de 3481 spp. of fishes evaluated (out of ca. 30,700 described) are threatened (Darwall et al. 2009 IUCN) Europe => 525 spp. of inland fish (excluding 21 migratory spp.) 37% (of 524) threatened (CR, EN, VU) (Freyhof, & Brooks 2011) only 5% (28) Data Deficient > 50% of inland fish in the Mediterranean basin are threatened (Darwall et al. 2009 IUCN)
Causes of threat? Darwall et al. (2009) IUCN
García-Berthou et al. (2007) Iberian inland waters: 27 vertebrates (22 fish) (2001)
Discoglossus pictus •
• Trachemys scripta
• • •
Myocastor coypus Ondatra zibethicus Neovison vison
• •
•
Pseudorasbora parva,...
•
García-Berthou et al. (2007)
http://invasiber.org/GarciaBerthou/docs/papers/GarciaBerthou_etal_Gherardi_ed_book.pdf
aguas continentales ibéricas:
43 invertebrados (32 libres + 11 parásitos) 27 vertebrados (22 peces) CRUSTACEA OSTRACODA (7 spp.) Dolerocypris sinensis CRUSTACEA DECAPODA Procambarus clarkii
CRUSTACEA BRANCHIOPODA
Artemia franciscana
Cherax destructor Pacifastacus leniusculus Palaemon macrodactylus
MOLLUSCA BIVALVIA
Rhithropanopeus harrisii
Corbicula fluminea
Eriocheir sinensis
Dreissena polymorpha Mytilopsis leucophaeta
GarcÃa-Berthou et al. (2007)
http://invasiber.org/GarciaBerthou/docs/papers/GarciaBerthou_etal_Gherardi_ed_book.pdf
Iberian inland waters: 43 invertebrates (32 free + 11 parasites) 27 vertebrates (22 fish)
NEMATODA Anguillicoloides (=Anguillicola) crassus
CRUSTACEA COPEPODA Lernaea cyprinacea
PLATYHELMINTHES MONOGENEA (6 spp.) Gyrodactylus salaris
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number of introduced fish species Dawson et al. (2017) Nature Ecology and Evolution
Leprieur et al. (2008) Plos Biology
% of introduced species Clavero & García-Berthou (2006) Ecol. Appl.
http://invasiber.org/GarciaBerthou/docs/papers/EcolAppl06.pdf
Leprieur et al. (2008) Plos Biology
biotic homogenization Clavero & García-Berthou (2006) Ecol. Appl.
Villéger et al. (2007) PNAS
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Impactes i gestió de les invasions
a les aigües continentals
• Per què les aigües continentals són molt importants per la biologia d’invasions? • Exemples d’impactes • Interacció amb l’alteració hidrològica • Com millorar la gestió (i la recerca)?
Almeida et al. (2017) Sci.Total Envir. 605–606: 1055–1063. http://www.invasiber.org/GarciaBerthou/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Almeida_STOTEN_17_with_SI.pdf
17 100
EBR
carp fish birds crayfish invertebrates dig . material plant
80 60
Females
40 20 0 100
Ebro (introductions 1970s) 7+ TL = 100 cm
1200
FLI
80 60 40
Site EBR FLI RIB SAU SUS
800
400 1
2
4
6
Age (years)
10 13
Ter (introductions < 10 years) 7+ TL = 150 cm
Mean percentage of biomass
Total length (mm)
1600
20 0 100
RIB
80
common moorhen
60
Gallinula chloropus
40 20 0 100
SAU
80 60 40 20 0 100
SUS
80 60
European catfish Silurus glanis
40 20 0 0
300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100
Total length (mm)
REN2003-00477/GLO
https://goo.gl/qJN4GD
REN2003-00477/GLO
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introduced worldwide since the 1920s to control mosquitoes as vectors of malaria García-Berthou et al. (2005) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) > 50
native distribution: southeastern USA
countries
Benejam et al. (2009) Biol. Invas. WELL KNOWN IMPACTS: • trophic cascades (Hurlbert et al. 1972, Hurlbert & Mulla 1982) • amphibians (e.g. Gamradt & Kats 1996, Baber & Babbitt 2003) • N American and Iberian cyprinodontiform or Australian fish (e.g. Alcaraz et al. 2008)
current distribution in the Mediterranean region 800 Km
Ecological impact of mosquitofish on endemic Mediterranean cyprinodonts see e.g. RincĂłn et al. (2002), Alcaraz et al. (2008) Oecologia, Carmona-Catot et al. (2013) PloS One
fartet Aphanius iberus (Cyprinodontidae)
EmpordĂ salt marshes (Catalonia, Spain)
mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki Poeciliid fish
20
21
Impact of introduced fish and crayfish on native amphibians
Impactes i gestió de les invasions
a les aigües continentals
• Per què les aigües continentals són molt importants per la biologia d’invasions? • Exemples d’impactes • Interacció amb l’alteració hidrològica • Com millorar la gestió (i la recerca)?
drivers
passengers
both
What is hydrologic alteration? â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hydrological alteration can be defined as any anthropogenic disruption in the magnitude or timing of natural river flows.â&#x20AC;? Rosenberg et al. (2000)
dams water abstraction through wells
Susqueda Reservoir, Spain
weir + diversion channel for irrigation or hydroelectricity
Tordera stream, Spain
Spain > 1000 reservoirs > 60.000 hm続 = 60 km続 347 reservoirs of > 10 hm続 = 1010 L = 107 m続
http://hispagua.cedex.es/datos/hidrografia#9
26
The role of dams and hydrologic alteration â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hydrological alteration can be defined as any anthropogenic disruption in the magnitude or timing of natural river flows.â&#x20AC;? Rosenberg et al. (2000)
dams
Susqueda Reservoir, Spain
Johnson et al. (2008) Dam invaders: impoundments facilitate biological invasions into freshwaters. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6: 357-363.
Poff & Hart (2002) Bioscience 52: 659-668
Many introduced species are “limnophilic” species García-Berthou et al. 2005 Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. http://invasiber.org/EGarcia/papers/CJFAS05.pdf
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Murphy et al. (2015) Freshwater Science 34: 965-974 Bae et al.: under review 10 × 10 km UTM resolution
records of Gambusia holbrooki in the Iberian Peninsula thanks to I. Doadrio, M.T. Ferreira Ribeiro F., Beldade R., Dix M. & Bochechas J. (2007a) Carta Piscícola Nacional. Direcção Geral dos Recursos Florestais-Fluviatilis. Available at: http://www.cartapiscicola.org and others for data!
records of Micropterus salmoides
Murphy et al. (2015) Freshwater Science 34: 965-974 http://invasiber.org/GarciaBerthou/docs/papers/Murphy_FS_2015.pdf
Mosquitofish
Table 3. Variable importance by modelling technique (see Methods for the abbreviations). The top five variables (determined by contribution) for each test are noted with a superscript from a-e. Modellin
Mean
Annual
Flow
Topogra
Thermal
g
annual
precipit
accumu
phic
Range
techniq
tempera
ation
lation
index
ue
ture
Slope
Elevatio
Local
Total
%
%
Human
n
dams
no.
Agricult
Urban
populati
dams
ural
land
on
upstrea
land
use
density
m
use
ANN
1.2
19.9c
20.9b
0.0
9.4
15.9d
45.2a
0.0
1.8
2.6
0.2
10.2e
BRT
6.5d
6.4e
2.0
1.5
7.6c
8.6b
27.0a
0.0
4.7
3.5
0.5
0.5
CTA
42.1b
27.2d
13.8
2.0
13.6
19.1e
52.2a
1.1
28.4c
5.9
5.2
4.8
FDA
10.5c
5.3
0.0
2.7
17.4b
4.9
74.8a
0.0
6.0e
8.2d
0.0
0.0
GAM
6.7d
7.4c
0.0
3.1
15.5b
5.7
81.8a
1.1
2.4
6.6e
0.0
0.0
GLM
11.0c
8.5d
1.0
2.7
17.6b
5.6
88.2a
1.5
2.8
7.3e
0.0
0.0
MARS
27.7c
0.0
0.0
2.1
42.2b
27.1d
62.7a
0.0
5.1
9.5e
0.0
0.0
MaxEnt
18.5b
15.1d
1.6
0.7
3.9
8.8e
30.8a
0.2
15.2c
3.5
0.6
0.2
RF
17.5b
6.0
6.2
1.6
7.3e
8.3c
20.7a
0.1
7.9d
3.4
0.7
2.4
2.5
6.1c
3.3e
2.0
2.4
3.6c
8.2a
1.9
1.2
2.7
1.0
5.5d
SRE
mean annual temperature
elevation
total number of upstream dams
current records of mosquitofish
random forest prediction of mosquitofish probability of presence
ensemble forecast of mosquitofish probability of presence
Murphy, Grenouillet & GarcĂa-Berthou (2015) http://invasiber.org/GarciaBerthou/docs/papers/Murphy_FS_2015.pdf
Bae et al., under review
33
% of introduced individuals E bro_River_bas in
Legend
±
provinc e_Diss olve1 E bro_River_bas in
provinc e_Diss olve1
ntroduction
No_native
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0
100 200
100 200
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ODYSSEUS
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provinc e_Diss" )olve1
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±
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0 ")
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400 Km
100 200
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0. 000001 - 2. 000000
±
400 Km
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0. 000000
400 Km
0
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2. 000001 - 4. 000000
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0.0000000 (102) 6. 000001 - 8. 000000 0.1000001 – 25 (61)- 25. 000000
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Inac c es ible NA (89)
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40 0
20 80 40 Km
80 Km
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20
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Rio sec o 75. - 100. 000000 75000001 – 100 (34)
Du et al., under review
") ")
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P_A_tras 50. 000001 - 75. 000000 50 – 75 (26)
Rios 100_E bro_c lip
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batchpoint_Ebro_final 25. 25000001 – 50 (57)- 50. 000000
E bro_River_bas in
") ")
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%_intro_sp4. 000001 - 6. 000000
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Introduction
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Impactes i gestió de les invasions
a les aigües continentals
• Per què les aigües continentals són molt importants per la biologia d’invasions? • Exemples d’impactes • Interacció amb l’alteració hidrològica • Com millorar la gestió (i la recerca)?
Economic costs mostly devoted to control
http://www.mma.es/secciones/agua/notas_prensa/mimam_instala_cantabria_estac_filt_grande_espania_mejillon_cebra_norte_26_07_07 .pdf
Controlling the zebra mussel in the Great Lakes cost $300400 million in 1989-1995 (Revenga et al. 2000:56). 2 billion US $ (Vitousek et al. 1997)
Economic costs mostly devoted to control “jacinto de agua o camalote”, water hyacinth Eichornia crassipes Pontederiaceae from South America
MMA: 6 M € for 2006 http://www.espacioblog.com/forestman/post/2006/01/08/nos-invade-camalote http://hidra.udg.es/invasiber/fitxa_detalls.php?taxonomic=3&id_fitxa=85
urgencias de gestión: priorización - ¿qué priorizar? ¿qué conservar/restaurar? posibilidades de gestión: prevenir, análisis de riesgos, control, erradicación,... (evaluar coste/rendimiento)
- “mejor prevenir que curar”; evitar introducción de nuevas spp. y en nuevas cuencas; estudiar rutas y vectores de introducción
http://www.mapama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/conservacion-de-especies/especies-exoticas-invasoras/
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/invasivealien/list/index_en.htm
Scientific name Eriocheir sinensis Lithobates catesbeianus Myocastor coypus Orconectes limosus Orconectes virilis Oxyura jamaicensis Pacifastacus leniusculus Percottus glenii Procambarus clarkii Procambarus fallax f. virginalis Pseudorasbora parva Threskiornis aethiopicus Trachemys scripta
Chinese mittencrab American bullfrog Coypu Spiny-cheek crayfish Virile crayfish Ruddy duck Signal crayfish Amur sleeper Red swamp crayfish
Entry into force 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016 3 August 2016
Marbled crayfish
3 August 2016
Stone moroko Sacred ibis Red-eared, yellow-bellied and Cumberland sliders
3 August 2016 3 August 2016
English name
3 August 2016
Neobiota (2013)
J. Fish Biol. (2013)
Impactes i gestió de les invasions a les
aigües continentals Conclusions
• Les aigües continentals són molt importants per la biologia d’invasions • Molts impactes, encara poc coneguts • Interacció amb l’alteració hidrològica • Podem millorar molt la gestió i la interacció recerca-gestió
GrĂ cies per la vostra atenciĂł!
http://invasiber.org/egb.html https://twitter.com/garciaberthou