1
and introduction to the project The project started out as an idea about sustainable living and aimed to be part in the Solar Decathlon Europe 2014 competition. It is a project that wants to be part of the future urbanization and wants to help dealing with its problems.
Team formation
Contents
p.16
Strategies p.15
MTRL STUDY p.04
Reference Database
brief a.01
I sk
p.14
Workshop p.06
02
P brief a.02
Expanding the team
Initial ketches p.17
mid review p.21
Paris trip p.18
B.01
A.02
tree-angle p.20
the seed 2.0
1st competition delivery
p.32
p.21
brief B.01
03
Material research
The project took off by researching many different materials with different properties.
There were a few different criterias for researching materials at the beginning of the assignment. Some should be representing traditional building materials, like cellulose insulation and concrete. Some should be more unconventional, like cardboard and some should be unexpected like growing buildings. Some inovative production processes where researched as well.
Materials
unconventional
Unexpected
MTRL STUDY Production processes
04
Traditional
cellulose bio concrete cardboard onsite cnc milling insulation clt
firewood
inflation liquid wood
plaster
robot assembly
growing
higway
water
mussel biomimicry
nanotubes corrugated plastic
sand
solar sinter spidergoat
polymer coted cotton
shape memory alloy
wool
meat
superlight 05 material
Grasshopper & Projects Creating tools to make parametric models of existing projects
Three projects where re-made by programming different tools in grasshopper to make the models parametric. They were chosen from different architectural categories and because of a great difference in what digital tools they would need. The projects where FabLab House, Jellyfish House and R128. FabLab House is a previous Solar Decathlon building, thus solar energy income was an important factor to deal with in the grasshopper script. The Jellyfish House is an experimental competition that handles a lot of complex systems within its building envelop and the script needed to interpret this complexity. R128 by Werner Sobek is a good example on a modern modular housing with lots of nicely solved energy systems.
Projects
Workshop Grasshopper scripts 06
FabLab house p.08
Jellyfish house p.10
R 128
p.12
07
Fablab house
By Insituto de Arquitectura Avanzada de Catalunya
Fablab house
By Insituto de Arquitectura Avanzada de Catalunya
SUN INCLINATION, SUMMER PEAK: 76 째
SUN INCLINATION, WINTER PEAK: 27 째
NATURAL VENTILATION
TIM SY SP
SHADED AREA FOR OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES
08
SOLAR ANLYSIS
SUMMER PEAK
WINTER PEAK
MBER FRAME/BEAMYSTEM WITH 500MM PACING
SPRING
SUMMER
FALL
WINTER
09
Jellyfish house
[ ] RAINWATER
Is cApTuREd & fIlTEREd by ThE ExTERIoR lAyER
By Ivamotoscott Architects
The Jellyfish House is pretty much an empty envelop. But the interesting part is what happens within this envelop and how it works without any interaction from its users. It acts both as a protecting physical cover and also as an active smart technology that remediates its own environment. Just like the jellyfish the building is symbiotically integrated with the ecological processes of its site. The skin of the building consist of a mesh that captures, filters and stores rain water so that the inhabitants can use it. It is first lead to cavities where UV light filament purifies it, powered by thin PVfilm. To protect the inhabitants from the harmful UV rays, the cavities are coated with titanium dioxide that filters it. Moreover the skin has fluid-filled pockets with a phase change material that act as a latent heating and cooling system. Worth mentioning is also that the house is a future vision, that should be feasible to construct within 25-50 years.
phoTo-REmEdIATIoN
ThE pRocEss of puRIfINg RAIN W mAkEs ThE ENvIRoNmENT bETTER ThERE Is No NEEd To REmovE ThE
10
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
WATER
phoTovolTAIc fIlm poWERs uv lIghT fIlAmENTs
TITANIum dIoxIdE
Is sToREd WIThIN ThE buIldINg ENvElop
Active SKiN
fIlTERs ThE uv RAys, oNly bluE lIghT shINE ThRough
moRphINg body
Structure
cREATEs NATuRAl cAvITIEs
N
WATER R ANd E Top soIl
REA
T Is INc
E hEIgh
RucTuR
& sT dENsITy
ERE sEd Wh
sTREss
IghER
s ARE h
fAcToR
11
R128
FLooR ModuLE
WiTh WATER ducTS FoR hEAT ExchAngE
By Werner Sobek i-bEAM
MoRTicE-TEno EASy ASSEMbL
The R128 house was the first building to meet the requirements of the triple zero standard. It was designed to be completely recyclable with no emissions and to be self-sufficient in terms of heating and energy consumption. The building is completely glazed with high insulating triple glazing panels. To meet the energy requirements the heat energy radiated into the building is absorbed by water filled floor elements. The water is stored in a reservoir which is used to heat the house in the winter by reversing the exchange process. The electrical energy required for the energy concept is produced by pv-cells on the roof. All the energy systems are computer controlled to optimize performance and allow the system to be remote controlled. The load bearing structure consists of a steel frame stiffened by diagonal steel wires. The design is modular without composites and the structure is assembled with mortice-tenon joints and bolts. This makes the structure easy to assemble, disassemble and recycle.
12
inSTALLATion ducTS
pRovidES EASy AccESS To ThE TEchnicAL inSTALLATionS
vERTicAL diSTRibuTion
10 STEEL pipES houSES ThE vERTicAL diSTRibuTion WATER, ELEcTRiciTy And vEnTiLATion
on joinTS FoR LE/diSASSEMbLE
coLuMnS
MoRTicE-TEnon joinTS FoR EASy ASSEMbLE/diSASSEMbLE
cRoSS bRAcing
STEEL RodS STAbALiZing ThE STRucTuRE
pipES & inSTALLATion
WATER pipES, ELEcTRiciTy And coMMunicATion
FAcAdE bRAckETS
STAbiLiZES ThE FAcAdE And SuppoRTS ThE inSTALLATionS
STEEL FRAME
SELF SuppoRTing FAcAdE STRucTuRE
WATER RESERvoiR
uSES ThE high ThERMAL MASS oF WATER FoR hEATing And cooLing
TRipLE gLAZing
high inSuLATing WindoWS
13
Conclusions
Experience from the three projects and collective reference database.
There were many things from the projects that influenced the outcome of the final competition project. From modular frame system in the facade, to an active building envelop and ideas about how to gain as much solar energy as possible. Tools where developed to understand complexity in structural elements and solar gain.
The overall strategies and goals where to create a lightweight building with low-tech equipment. The building should have a simple construction that even students could build.
14
strategies and overall goals Strategies
Easy assembly Lightweight
Low tech
Simple packing
Passive systems
Sun optimization
PV-placement
reduce Transportation
Heavy mtrl localy
Adding thermal mass
winter sun optimized Cross ventilation
Trombe wall
15
Team formation
The sketch process started after the team formation was set and the overall strategies had been discussed.
filip karlĂŠn
panos giannakopoulos
gustav johansson
16
marcus stark
initial sketches 17
field trip to paris
Site visit at Versailles and attending the Ecobat fair and conference with the other SDE teams
Paris!
Ecobat Fair
City adventures
SDE2014 Conference Versailles
18
ecole speciale d’Architecture
Touristing
Meeting the Vice minister of Agriculture
Eiffel tower & More
Exhibition
clt
paris
versailles
ecole speciale d’Architecture
les expositions d’explora
19
Brief A.02
Paris
A.02 Tree-angle
The results of Brief A.02 and the field trip to Paris
Parametric Model
Flexible structure
Green design
Adaptable design Urban Farming
Increase equality
20
Increase Environment
Remediation
Pollution purification
water collection
Easy to place
first 1:50 model
21
Urban implications The urban forest
Urban agriculture seem to be a more sustainable way of growing food than our industrial agriculture; it reduce our consumption patterns, make people increase their resource efficiency, work as a closed loop system, and use the direct and indirect energy from the sun in a resource effective way. Right now the disadvantages or problems with this kind of farming are that it often needs to be complemented with products from the large scale agriculture, that there are health risks from using contaminated water, or growing on contaminated soil. But with proper control integrated in a simple way in our society i believe these problems will be dealt with. With protection against cold, like greenhouses, the urban agriculture can become even more effective and produce more food and thus replace large scale agriculture even more. Hopefully we can see that the numerous positive benefits, like sustainability, improved health and happiness, is enough to transition into a society where urban agriculture is a natural part, instead of use it only in times of crisis.
22
New city scape
highrise buildings with flat rooftops gets a new appealing silhouette
Green walls & gardens
purifies and collects rainwater, cools the city and reduce the urban heat island effect.
Biodiversity
insects and birds can immigrate back to the city where they once lived.
Locally produced food
minimizing the need for imported food and transportations
Increased equality
New land usage
the houses can be placed in sensitive environments and polluted plots to purify the soil and water.
when you can controll what you eat and how much to eat you get less dependent on stores and prices. this leads to increased independance and equality.
23
Building Principles
Basic principles & logic behind the design of the building
Water system
Rainwater is purified along the green walls, and doesn’t run off as quickly as normal. The water also gets collected in a water buffer tank. This water can then be used for showers and sinks and is later purified again via the facade.
24
Ventilation system
The southern wall acts as a trombe wall when heated; it makes air cirkulate and heat it within the building envelop. During summer or whenever cooling is needed the house instead act as a solar chimney, with air beeing cooled by thermal mass at the north facade.
Sola
solar panels the southern they are the m the angle of t allow the PV efficent durin the most ene exterior grid the direct sol summer but during winte
ar system
are placed along n facade where most effective. the building also V cells to be more ng winter when ergy is needed. the d system blocks off olar light during allows the light er to pass through.
Interior system
A part of the load carrying structure morphs in certain places to create furniture and spatial qualities. It also lets the inhabitants have plenty of space for storage. This organic shape makes the interior more soft and toghether with the floor heating from the water tank it feels nice and warm.
Exterior principles
The lower part of the southern facade is dedicated to growing your own vegetables! they are easily reached and are slided into the facade so they can be removed at any time. Evapourative cooling from the green facade is also one important feature during hot summer days.
25
DESIGN & Production Design, production and fabrication process
height changing to create stack effect, passive ventilation.
private backyard combined.
straight shape to fit in small, compact plots. tilting the shape to create private backyards or getting nice views.
26
d and passive ventilation rotating waist according to interior plan or exterior qualities.
changing footprint to increase spatial qualities inside.
tilting the ends to create shade and a protected entrance.
27
EXPLODED VIEW Separation of layers
Translucent skin
the top 60% of the facade is used for pv-arrays on top of a transparent wall system. The translucent wall lets in daylight while keeping privacy towards your neighbours.
Growing skin
the bottom part of the facade is used for plant boxes, adding green area on narrow plots.
A-frame structure
the load bearing structure is built like a regular A-frame roof truss. Simple and flexible elements that can be adjusted to fit the triangular shapes.
Egg-crate interior
the interior structure shades the sun in the summer and integrates interior parts and furniture into the wall. The egg-crate structure is cnc-cut from recycled cardboard sheets.
28
29
SOlar study Made in grasshopper and diva
Solar radiation
around 60% of the southern facade can be used efficiently even during the colder seasons when more energy is needed. The rest of the wall can be used for vegetation. The building volumes can be placed with a spacing of 7 m in beetween without shading each other.
30
25
w
n~ r su inte
0
50 kWh/(m2 month)
31
32
The Seed 2.0
Final proposal for the Solar Decathlon competition
33
city scenario
Implemantation of the Seed in a city
New city scape adding green
high rise buildings with flat rooftops gets a new appealing silhouette. By putting the building on the rooftop we give back green space to the city .
Adaptable shape
Purifies and collects rainwater, cools the city and reduce the urban heat island effect. For the neighbouring situation there are 3 main scenarios for the house placement-the roof tops,as an addition to existing building and as a floating house. Concerning the water implementation, the units are placed on floating rectangular bases that are connected with the shore.
New temporarily land usage
the houses can be placed in sensitive environments and polluted plots to purify the soil and water.
Reducing the urban heat island effect
Little vegetation or evaporation causes cities to remain warmer than the surrounding countryside Heat energy radiates from the urban areas,the green areas disband the heat accumulation ,green walls,green roofs and parklands absorb heat and cool the urban atmosphere
34
Planting
Attracting pollinators
Locally produced food
Flowers with yellow,blue and purple colour attract bees Mints,Lavenders
Lichens and alga is a symbiont in this parternship, providing through photosynthesis the nutrients the fungus needs to live. Sometimes the symbiont is a cyanobacterium, as in the case of the lettuce longwurt, which pulls nitrogen directly from the air and is a source of natural fertilizer for trees. Bats provide the city many benefits: they eat insects and mosquitoes.
minimizing the need for imported food and transportations
Increased equality
when you can control what you eat and how much to eat you get less dependent on stores and prices. This leads to increased independence and equality.
Biodiversity
insects ,birds and urban bats can immigrate back to the city where they once lived.
Typology A Typology B
Typology C
C째 33 32 31 29 28 27 26
Estimated temperature in Paris by 2050 Predicted temperature reductions with the design proposal
25 RURAL
URBAN PARK
URBAN COMERSIAL
URBAN RESIDENTIAL
SUB URBAN RESIDENTIAL
RURAL
35
social implications An example of how the rooftop option can work
house 1
Elevator / stairs
common greenhouse house 3 house 2
36
ownership
The houses placed in the community can have different sizes, fitting up to 5 habitants and can have the interior adapted for the family’s necessities. The habitants can vary and the community shape makes the living beneficial for a big range of ages. For kids for example, can have a close contact with the green, experience how to grow their own food, and discover nature without warring about traffic and other city barriers to the green.
gardens ownership ROOFTOP COMMUNNITY SHARED GARDEN The shared gardens between the neighborhoods are important to promote production commuting. Since the houses differ on their solar orientation the vegetable growth will vary. The vegetable commuting promote social interaction between the neighbors.
SEED 2.0 OWNER’S PRIVATE GARDEN The owners of each house can grow their favorite vegetables in their private garden. Special herbs and medicinal plants needs may vary between different house habitants, therefore an area where they can choose what they prefer to have.
BUILDING HABITANTS SHARED GARDEN In this communal space, the habitants share the responsibilities and the garden production. This area is also where the goat stays and where the community can come together in social or work mingles.
Meeting points The meeting points can be set in between the houses, and they can differ according to the community preferences, but the areas could have barbecue places, game tables, kids playground or whichever activity suits better the inhabitants.
rooftop urban farming “SHARED” GOAT The community can benefit from a “shared”goat in many ways. Goats are friendly animals that can easily adapt in different situations and habitats. Their demands are low, a dry place to sleep, to be milked twice a day and be walked 3 times per week. They also produce compost that can be used to fertilize the home gardens.
URBAN BEEKEEPING Incorporating the beehives into the Seed 2.0’s community brings out a full range of benefits. Besides producing honey and wax, the bees pollinate the garden’s fruits and vegetables in the area, potentializing the house’s farming walls.
BAT HOUSES The bats are great allies for plant’s growth and reproduction. They eat unwanted insects that could harm the plants and also undesirable animals such as mosquitoes, which disturb the humans. They excrement is a great plant fertilizer. Like the bees, they work as important pollinators.
37
“file to Factory� Digitalised design and fabrication process
MTRL
Design p.40
Drawings 38
MTRL Flow p.44
Standard
MTRL Properties p.42
Lightweight
Fabrication p.46
Assembly p.48
Production p.49
constructing 39
Iterative DESIGN start
No design input gives a simple prism as output
Height
Changing the height in the different parts of the building allows for natural ventilation. It is also a tool to minimize the glazed gable areas and create a varied interior feeling.
SITE conditions
Different site conditions calls for different solutions! Therefor the specific site is part of an iterative design tool to optimize the building shape.
INput
Self lo ad WIND
Structural feedback
Selfload, windload and dimensions are all parameters that affect the composition and detailing of the building. By making it a part of the early design process, late changes and cost can be minimized.
Environmental feedback 40
Energy income, shading and solar and daylight analysis are also important parameters for the design process. PV panels can be distributed to the areas that gain the most energy during the year and windows can be placed to optimize daylight income.
Bendi
The bui situatio also cre protecte the nor east/we
ing
ilding can adjust to different ons and views by bending. It eates a more private and ed backyard, while making th facade facing a more est orientation.
Width
By adjusting the width throughout the building, the spatial qualities can be enhanced. For example the livingroom can get more space while the entrance becomes smaller.
Rotation
The mid section can be rotated to further adjust and enhance the overall spatial qualities.
Tilting
By tilting the ends of the roof ridge the glazed gables can get some shading during summer. The entrances also gets protected from rain and wind.
DIGITAL 2D Drawings
for direct printing in CNC milling machine and for production in factories. The sizes are and weights are calculated to be easy to carry and easy to assemble for two people
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
OUTPU
feedb
T
ack
C1
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
B6
Structural components
Selfload, windload and dimensions are all parameters that affect the composition and detailing of the building. By making it a part of the early design process, late changes and cost can be minimized.
Material properties
Quality and quantity of the different materials used in the building. The data is used for calculating costs, weight and environmental impact.
41
Resources
Diagram showing how materials and resources are used in the project.
nat
ura
local mtrl
renewable
l re
sou
rce
s
sol
ar r a rain diatio w org grey w ater anic ate was r te
soil water gravel
thermal mass
cardboard structural elements
Cardboard timber
cardboard furniture wood support elements
local cnc-cutter
exterior wood parts
pv-glass panels glass walls metal joints
recyclable
recycled
glass pv-cells metal
recycled pet insulation
central factories
pet bottles
windows pv-glass panels wood parts soil/gravel pet insulation glass metal parts cardboard elements
42
r
recy
on r
output
electric energy vegetables new animal habitat temp. regulation residence
mTRL INPUT
reuse
ycle
disassembly
43
MTRL properties
Comparison between standard building materials and lighweight version ESTIMATED TOTAL PRICE
wEIGHT % %
5%53%%of 9,5190% of
kg 89% of 28'169 kg 112% of 31'486 KG
TRADITIONAL MATERIAL SET UP LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIAL SET UP 44
SEK 60% of 553'909 SEK 910'665 161% of KR
KR
daylight factor
KG
AMOUNT OF ADDED GREEN SURFACE IN RELATION TO UNDERLAYING SURFACE AMOUNTS & FRACTIONS OF EACH MATERIAL
AMOUNT OF RENEWABLE&RECYCLABLE SUB/COMPONENTS % %
13% % %
% RECYCLABLE of 100 100%
113% 113%
% %
% RECYCLABLE of 100 100%
% %
14,1 19,6
t
28 31 t
% RENEWABLE of total weight: % RENEWABLE of total weight:
CARDBOARD 6.9% WOOD 8.9% 12.3% OTHER 14.1%glazing 57.8% SOIL 4%.translucent ins 15% cardboard 19% other 62% soil
%
%
45
Fabrication
From raw materials to parts that are easy to assemble
local material SOIL+Plants
Metal
INTERACTING Design
sheet materials Plywood+cardboard
LOCAL C
NC MIL
L
polypropylene
Corrugated Plastic
get PV’s
modular pieces
46
Send measurements to local factory
12 M
Build boxes
jetmill
2000
custom made Cardboard
Plastic in correct size
Fill with soil & plants
Get your pieces
Assemble elements
47
C B
assembly
Light weight amd simple building system
A
LOCAL CARGO aterial
t the m : Collec
STEP 1
C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
re
u struct d r a o b card
C9 C10
ion Insulat
s en boxe
re g and g n i f o o r p
water 48
A0
B
B1
C
D
B
A:
STEP
1
+
2
+
3
+
...
walls e h t t c 3: ere
+
B4
B2 A1
STEP 2:
A2
A3
B5
es
piec l l a w emble
B3
Ass
49
at versailles
How it works and what it does on the site
The site situattion illustrated on this poster shows how the house volume would look placed in the Solar Village, the Solar Decathlon Competition site in Versailles, France. The structure is placed in the plot minding the boundaries set by the competition, is completely weelchair accessible. The house is perfectly placed to get the maximum optimization of the facades and also to give the visitors the best view of the design. While the exterior has a sharp and straight feeling, the design of the interior is more soft and inviting. The load carrying structure morphs in certain places to create furniture and spatial qualities and integrates technical equipment. Through the upper parts of this structure indirect sunlight is shining through and makes the interior bright without getting too warm.
50
Highest point
Maximum height 7 Meters
in the middle of the building, creating a stack effect and the possibility for natural cross ventilation
ROAD
r
neighbo
The Guided Visit The schematic shows the guided visit procedures:
ROAD
SOLAR VILLAGE Solar Decathlon Competition site in Versailles, France.
51
PLAN & SECTIOn While the exterior has a sharp and straight feeling, the design of the interior is more soft and inviting. The load carrying structure morphs out to create furniture such as sofas kitchen table and a stair leading up to the loft and it integrates the technical equipment. Through the upper parts of this structure indirect sunlight is shining through and makes the interior bright without getting too warm.
A
B
kitchen
Bathroom
Livingroom Hotbed Tech
A
Tech
Bedroom Tech
Tech
B
Entrance
plan
The flowing curves of the internal wall structure leads seamlesly from the entrance area through the livingroom to the kitchen. From here two doors gives you access to the hotbed and the garden and a coridor gives you access to the bathroom and bedroom situated in the more private areas of the house. All the technical equipment and storage is integrated into the wallstructure.
52
section A-a
The hotbed is situated underneath the the stair thet leads up to the loft. The stair also acts as an aditional seating area creating the heart of the house, the livingroom.
section B-B
The loft takes full advantage of the remarkabel ceiling height (7 Meters) creating a more private space in the otherwise very social and open planed building.
53
Passive ventilation
The main concept is to create an efficient and durable passive system that is based on thermodynamic principles.
North
East
Hrs 50+
+2
40 30 20 10<
wind map july, paris
54
40 km/h
West
30 km/h
20 km/h
10 km/h
South
west
thgin rt dna tceffe kcatS :noitalitneV .llaw t eht ni ssam lamrehT :gnitaeH .erutcurts llaw
night
Ventilatio wall. Heating: T wall struc
summer day 30° C
35° C
Ventilation: Cross ventilation and solar cimney effect. Cooling: Thermal mass and external evaporative cooli ng.
50° C
26° C
summer night 18° C Ventilation: Cross ventilation and stack effect. Cooling: Night purging to cool the air and the thermal mass.
23° C
16° C
18° C
winter day
summer day
5° C
27° C
Ventilation: Stack effect and trombe wall. Heating: Trombe wall.
30° C 40° C
35° C
Ventilation: Cross ventilation and solar cimney effect. Cooling: Thermal mass and external evaporative cooli ng.
50° C
26° C
19° C
winter night
summer night 18° C
Ventilation: Stack effect and trombe wall. Heating: Thermal mass in the trombe wall structure.
Ventilation: Cross ventilation and stack effect. Cooling: Night purging to cool the air and the thermal mass.
23° C
2° C
16° C
23° C
19° C 18° C
winter day 5° C
40
27° C
Ventilation: Stack effect and trombe wall. Heating: Trombe wall.
30
20
40° C
19° C peak temperatures
10
average temperatures
0
-10 jan
feb
mars
april
may
june
july
aug
wintersep night
oct
nov
Ventilation: Stack effect and trombe wall. Heating: Thermal mass in the trombe wall structure.
2° C
nov
23° C
19° C
55
solar study
Facade insolation and daylight simulation
The steep angle and the slightly bent shape of the building envelop ensures that the solar energy is harvested all year around. The placement of PV panels along the facade are optimized for the worst scenario, the winter sun, but also works well during the rest of the year. In that way more energy is produced when needed. The design of the building is an iterative process where the building model is analysed in different programs like Ecotect and Diva and the feedback is a direct input for further development of the 3D model. In that way the energy income, placement ov PV cells and costs can be optimized.
North
June May April
56
Winter month energy
Solar feedback
Direct feedback to the design script gives information about where to put PV cells and how energy efficient they are.
49,5 kWh/(m2*month)
0
60 m2
Flat surfaces dedicated to PV cells facing the south.
h Winter sun
Even in the worst condition, in an urban plot with neighbours close and a low sun, the PV panels accumulates energy.
7 gap M Mars
Feb
Jan Daylight feedback
lux
500 437 375 312 250 188 125 63
The daylight is analysed throughout the design process and the results affect the placement of openings and windows.
57
structure & details A
B
C
D
58
Axonometric
Adjustable Trombe wall opening Opening
Detail C 59
structural performance
A structural parametric model is set up to give quick feedback of its perfomance
self weight: 0.5 kn/m²
wind load: 1.8 kn/m²
bending moment: 28knm
displacement 15 mm
0 mm
60
protective skin
thin film pv modules
shrear stiffening parts
green facade
corrugated plastic
insulation
horizontal bracings B1
eggcrate structure
B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
C1
C3
C2
C4
C5
C6
Primary Beams
secondary beams
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
61
A.02 1:25 model
62
63
Renders
Illustrating the soft, inviting and social interior and the green exterior
64
65
66
the end Thank you
The Seed 2.0 Growing the Urban Forest
67