COHOUSING DESIGN BRIEF 2020

COHOUSING ARCHITECTURE Future Living Forms ©

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY TERM 1 2020

DESIGN BRIEF COHOUSING ARCHITECTURE Future Living Forms ©

Unit Chair Dr Cristian Suau, Senior Lecturer in Architectural Design Internal tutors Term 1 2020 Dr Cristian Suau, architectural design tutor Dr Yolanda Esteban, architectural design tutor Dr Chin Koi Khoo, architectural design tutor Dr Cecilia de Marinis, architectural design tutor Dr Ross T Smith, architectural design tutor Dr Astrid Roetzel, environmental design tutor External tutors Term 1 2020 Mark Dixon, architectural design tutor Shawn Lim, architectural design tutor Christopher Leong, architectural design tutor Damian Rogers, architectural design tutor 1

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY TERM 1 2020

Front cover: Self-build and outdoor learning. Children building the Delf Montessori School, Holland (1960-66).

Credit: Herman Hertzberger

Cohousing Architecture Future Living FormsŠ is a creation of Dr Cristian Suau [2004-2006, 2008-2018] Brief design & content: Dr Cristian Suau & contributors [research & professional outputs, 2004-2019] Graphic design & editing: Dr Cristian Suau [2020] Illustrations: Dr Cristian Suau & contributors Š Dr Cristian Suau [2019] All rights reserved. Expect under the conditions described in the Australian Copyright Act 1968 and subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, duplicating, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Contact copyright owner for all permission requests. The author asserts their moral rights, inclusing the right to be identified as the author.

2

Aerial view, Almere Homerus in Almere suburbia, The Netherlands (2010). Source: Almere Stad

3

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY INDEX OF DESIGN BRIEF SRD763 UNIT COVER pages 1-3 TEAM: UNIT CHAIR, INTERNAL & EXTERNAL TUTORS CREDITS INDEX OF DESIGN BRIEF

page 4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

page 5

pages 6-20 PART 1. INTRODUCTION OF DESIGN BRIEF ABOUT THIS UNIT SUPPORTING MATERIAL TIME ALLOCATION OF DESIGN STUDIO & LECTURES MODEL MAKING & THE A+B WORKSHOP SETUP PLAN OF DESIGN STUDIO TUTORS + GROUPS ALLOCATION DESIGN STUDIO & WEEKLY CONTENT CLASSES: ARCHITECTURAL LECTURE SERIES WEEKLY SUBMISSION PROCESS OF ASSIGNMENTS LEARNING OBJECTIVE UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES [ULO] PART 2. THEORY, CITY & HOUSING pages 21-31 DEFINITION OF CO-HOUSING WHY DOES GEELONG NEED TO EXPERIMENT IN COHOUSING? MIND, FILL & DWELL THE GAPS PRETTY VACANT DESIGN PRINCIPLES CONNECTING ADAPTIVE HABITATS NO FUEL NO SUBURBIA DOMESTICITY: THE ART OF INHABITATION TOWARDS POLYVALENT HOUSING MODELS DEFINITIOS OF FLEXIBILITY, ADAPTABILITY & POLYVALENCE

PART 3. PROGRAMME pages 32-39 SCALES IN DESIGN DEFINITIONS OF FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR), BUILDING COVERAGE RATIO (BCR) & BIOCAPACITY LAND COVERAGE RATIO (BLx-CR) ATTRIBUTES OF LIVING IN A COHOUSING HOME KEY CO-HOUSING DESIGN PRINCIPLES GENERAL PROGRAMME OF ACTIVITIES CO-HOUSING DESIGN RULES APPLICABLE IN SELECTED PLOT LANDSCAPE DESIGN RULES APPLICABLE IN SELECTED PLOT USERS & UNIT TYPES: INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNITY HOUSING SCHEME pages 40-47 PART 4.. CLIMATE & ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE CHANGE RULES AUSTRALIAN ARCHITECTS DECLARE CLIMATE & BIODIVERSITY EMERGENCY URBAN FORM & HOUSING FOLLOWS CLIMATE BUILDING INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGIES: AN INTEGRAL APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND DESIGN INTEGRAL SUSTAINABLE DESIGN FRAMEWORK [ISD] CLASSES: ENVIRONMENTAL LECTURE SERIES WEEKLY PART 5.. LITERATURE [high recommended only] THEORY DWELLINGS URBANISM ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY USEFUL LINKS

pages 48-52

PART 6. STUDY AREAS & CHOSEN SITES pages 53-72 STUDY AREA AND INTERVENTION SITES IN GEELONG NORTH GEELONG STATION CENTRAL GEELONG STATION SOUTH GEELONG STATION 4

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Cohousing Architecture Future Living Forms© is the result of experiments in housing design developed by Cristian since 2004.

It encompasses postdoctoral studies, R&D and professional actions piloting/testing ecological, modular and compact housing units made of reused industrial waste, along with pioneering experiments in sustainable housing developments and awarded international housing design competitions. Cristian has also led several housing design studios in Europe such as ETSAB Barcelona School of Architecture, Cardiff University, University of Strathclyde, along with ERASMUS+ visiting programmes in prestigious schools between 2005-2019.

Cristian’s work explores alternative forms of sustainable living against low-dense and monofunctional suburban structures, particularly applying the notion of circular design in dwellings as generator of biocapacity through the deployment of regenerative/restorative solutions, from the early design process to the implementation of alternative housing plans.

Being senior architect and project leader in the Office for Metropolitan Architecture in Rotterdam, Cristian’s team designed the housing master plan of Almere Homerus, an experiment on ‘zelfbouw’ (self-build) principles applied in The Netherlands, providing over 1200 self-built homes with a minimal planning dictation, securing biocapacity in the overall tissue, and creating customised dwelling types. Another examples of innovative collective housing can be found in EUROPAN projects. In EUROPAN 8 Norway, Cristian’s team was awarded with “Railtown”, a mobile housing scheme that uses rundown or obsolete train tracks in Norwegian cities to accommodate low-income dwellers and tourists intransit under emergency or seasonal basis.

Special gratitude is given to professional experts and municipal teams who have made possible to reflect and explore new social forms and housing types applicable in challenging suburban areas.

5

The case of Almere Homerus offers a unique circular master plan with flexible housing codes to stimulate a hybrid community landscape, organically developed, with a less dictated visual style. Being an living lab of self-build in Europe, Almere Homerus is still in underconstruction and open to replications. Source: Almere municipality (2012)

Almere Homerus in 2007. Source: Almere municipality (2017)

Almere Homerus in 2016. Source: Credit: Almere municipality (2018)

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY TERM 1 2020

PART 1.

INTRO DESIGN BRIEF COHOUSING ARCHITECTURE Future Living Forms Unit Chair Dr Cristian Suau, Senior Lecturer in Architectural Design

6

Aerial view, Geelong suburbia, Australia. Source: CoGG (2014)

7

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY ABOUT THIS UNIT Our habitats are being urbanised, furnished and restructured and, in this process, they is being radically altered. This change of scale is ecological and social.

This studio is an advanced design lab focused in dwelling and architecture in cities. Students will design a residential complex in a challenging urban environment interconnecting morphological, typological and technological solutions applied in innovative housing configurations.

It deals with the themes of dwellers & inhabitation; stacking and linking; modularity and variation; access and circulation; dwelling configurations and types; construction systems, skin and climate control; and sustainability sound approaches and principles applied in critical situations and design scenarios.

Theoretical, spatial and technological advancements are explored through comprehensive architectural methods and tools, game plans, spatial experimentation, digital craft architecture and model making; allowing a high design level of originality, novelty and creativity.

The design brief is aligned with the social design agenda of housing architecture [UN principles of Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda Habitat III]. Student design will explore new social forms, global housing challenges and the art of inhabitation in everyday urban life. It encompasses the development of restorative/regenerative architectural interventions with programmatic complexity, community interactions and spatial quality. They will design dwellings and shared spaces in a specific context by selecting a study area and project site.

Welcome.

Dr Cristian Suau Senior lecturer in Architectural Design

The Structure of the Ordinary: Support and layout variations. Source: Habraken (1998)

8

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY SUPPORTING MATERIAL This design brief is a didactic guide that provides an overall understanding of the research problem, urban conditions, site features, design framework and elements supported by environmental and housing design-related lectures and up-to-date bibliography on housing theory, design and technology.

Groundfloor

C

B

B

C

Groundfloor

Second level

Second level

First level

D

Second level

Groundfloor

D

E

E

First level

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

First level

Groundfloor

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

Second level

First level

Second level

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

Groundfloor

First level

Second level

TRIPLEX TOWNHOUSE - 105m2

Groundfloor

First level

Second level

Groundfloor Groundfloor

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

Roof

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

Roof

First level First level

Second level Second level

Groundfloor

First level

Second level

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2 2 TRIPLEX TOWNHOUSE - 105m

TRIPLEX TOWNHOUSE - 105m2

First level Groundfloor First level

Groundfloor Groundfloor

Groundfloor

TRIPLEX TOWNHOUSE - 105m2 TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

First level

Second level FirstSecond level level

First level

First level Groundfloor

Third floor

TRIPLEX TOWNHOUSE - 105m2

Groundfloor

First level

Second level

TRIPLEX CORNER 138 m²

Second level

Groundfloor

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

Groundfloor

Roof

Third floor

Groundfloor

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

C

B

Second level

First level

D

E

Roof

First level

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

It includes the following information: [a] Overall urban and residential problems in Geelong city and chosen study areas. [b] Summary of the main variables to be applied in selected city. right: the central street winds between buildings, in order to slow down cars. [c] Study areas and intervention sites with plot and dimensions. opposite page: the ornemental features of the façades differ from one building to the other depending [d] Housing programme including community spaces, landscape and on the timber cladding. productive open areas, and served vs. servant spaces per dwelling. [e] Up-to-date bibliography on housing theory, design and technology.

eme and iations in ology

Groundfloor

Second level

Second level

Second level

TRIPLEX TOWNHOUSE - 105m2

SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

Groundfloor

First level

Second level

TRIPLEX TOWNHOUSE - 105m2

TRIPLEX ROWHOUSE 105 m²

Groundfloor Groundfloor

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

Second level

SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2 TRIPLEX TOWNHOUSE - 105m2

TRIPLEX TOWNHOUSE - 105m2

Second level

First level

Second floor

SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2

SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2

First level

Groundfloor

First level

Second level Second level

Groundfloor

First level

Second level

Groundfloor

Groundfloor

SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

TRIPLEX TOWNHOUSE - 105m2

Groundfloor

First level

Second level

Groundfloor Groundfloor

First level

Second level

SIMPLEX ROWHOUSE 56 m²

Groundfloor

SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m2

TRIPLEX TOWNHOUSE - 105m2

Groundfloor

SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2

Groundfloor

SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2

SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2 Groundfloor

SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m2

SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m2

Groundfloor

Groundfloor Groundfloor

TRIPLEX TOWNHOUSE - 105m2 DUPLEX CORNER - 78 m2

Groundfloor

First floor

SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2 SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m2

SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m2

Second level

First level

Groundfloor Groundfloor

Groundfloor

SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2

First level

Groundfloor

SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2

First level

Groundfloor Groundfloor Groundfloor

SIMPLEX CORNER 56 m²

Groundfloor

SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2

Groundfloor

SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m2 SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2 SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m2

Groundfloor

SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m2

First level

DUPLEX CORNER - 78 m2

Groundfloor

Groundfloor Groundfloor

SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m2 SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m2

Groundfloor

SIMPLEX FLAT - 68m2

SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m2

Groundfloor

C

D

First level

First level

DUPLEX CORNER 78 m²

DUPLEX CORNER - 78 m2

DUPLEX CORNER - 78 m2

Groundfloor

First level

Distribution of the typologies Facade and typological house distribution in Neue Terrassen, Hamburg (2013). Architects: LAN. Credits: Umberto Napolitano & LAN (2018) SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m2

DUPLEX CORNER - 78 m2

Groundfloor

SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m2 SIMPLEX CORNER - 56m 2

B

DUPLEX CORNER - 78 m2

Groundfloor DUPLEX CORNER - 78 m2 DUPLEX CORNER - 78 m2

First level

Groundfloor

C

Groundfloor

D

D

Groundfloor Groundfloor

First level

Groundfloor Groundfloor

DUPLEX CORNER - 78 m2 B

E

E

Groundfloor

D

C

Groundfloor

First level

Second level

Second level

Second level

Groundfloor Groundfloor

DUPLEX CORNER - 78 m2

Open Building: The built environment can be seen as having an hierarchical structure in which higher levels serve as the setting and context in which lower levels operate. As such, higher levels exercise dominance over lower levels, while lower levels are dependant Plans the Block D or on higher-level structures. Examples of levels include urban design andofarchitecture, base building and fit-out. Source: Habraken (1961).

9

First level

Groundfloor

TRIPLEX TOWNHOUSE - 105m2

Second floor

Second floor

First floor

Within the blocks, the 33 housing units are of two kinds: “row-house” and “multi-level” units. The 13 “multi-level” units occupy 1 or 2 levels, and are 50-90 m² in size. They each have direct access to either a garden with a terrace, or to a loggia. The ground floor residences are fully accessible and usable by persons with reduced mobility. The 20 row-houses have three floors and a private yard with a terrace facing the street and one facing the courtyard. Their orientation and surface area vary depending on their positioning within the block: east-west or north-south, between 120 and 160 m².

In conclusion, the variations in the constructions, the programs, surfaces, and the material finishings reveal the potential of the typology that was created, and they bear witness to its wealth. The neighborhood has remained very consistent in terms of its architectural vocabulary, and yet, each residence is unique.

Groundfloor

TRIPLEX - 105m2 TOWNHOUSE - 105m2 SIMPLEXTOWNHOUSE FLAT - 68m2TRIPLEX

E

anges from one block to iations in the direction planks. Similarly, the color w and door frames and the as well as for the awnings.

buildings also contain individual storage rooms and a common space that hosts the Baugruppe’s communal activities (general meetings, parties, arts and crafts workshops, etc.), and welcomes visitors.

First floor

d configuration, the houtral courtyard consisting bordering the residences, ace landscaped according ences. The composition depending on their street, narrow glass doors thm, and facing the courure windows, stacked one rovide ample views and

Second floor

The Great City of Geelong offers an extensive range of open source data in various formats available here: Each housing block has 6-10 residences. The https://www.geelongdataexchange.com.au/explore/?sort=modified

First level

First level

Groundfloor

TRIPLEX CORNER - 138 m2

First floor

fully integrated into the buildings. The absence of enclosures and a similar treatment for the yards facing the street allows them to blend into the landscaped public spaces, which thereby creates the sensation of a large, continuous pathway.

Groundfloor Groundfloor

Workspaces have been integrated into the housing at the residents’ request; there are offices, graphic design studios, therapy rooms, and so forth. Other spatial elements, such as a hopper between the ground and first floors, the positioning of the stairwell, the entry into the kitchen, the number of bedrooms and bathrooms were chosen by the residents.

Groundfloor

DOWNLOADABLE The parking spaces located at theMAPS corners are

ral project’s ambitions ences to the current and milies. We also wanted tages of the Terrasse and een a homogeneity of the g singularity. The way ured the space yielded each building its own ame time preserving the of the four housing AN.

Groundfloor

Groundfloor First level

First level

TIME ALLOCATION OF DESIGN STUDIO & LECTURES TERM 1 2020 Type/Stream Day Start/End Campus Location Location

Class (lectures) Thu 10:00-12:50 Waterfront D4.303 Waterfront (Costa LT Mon to Thu) Design Studio Thu 13:00-16:50 Waterfront Waterfront D4.319 (Area 1) D4.319 (Area 2)

Time & room allocation of SRD763 Unit. Source: Deakin (2020)

folding process.

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

MODEL MAKING & THE A+B WORKSHOP In this Master studio, model-making is essential to support the three-dimensional representation of your spatial iterations and design process from simple mock-ups of the general shape or concept into tectonics resolutions. Architectural design always takes form as a model, which enhances your future designd development. Mock-ups will be used as part of the design process to help convey each new composition. Many prototype models are used for testing physical properties of the design, others for usability studies and exhibitions. The A+B workshop offers Master students and tutors to experiment with technology, materials and processes applied to digital/analog model making, from folding, mass, architectural and detailed models.

Folding Architecture: Pavilion, Vertical Studio (2010) at WSA, Cardiff University. Dr Suau, VS coordinator & design tutor. Credit: Suau (2018)

With capacity for groups of 60 people at a time, this workshop also has two full-time trade-qualified staff to offer inductions, help and supervision. You can create different types and scales of models in a hands-on environment using a full selection of hand tools, carpentry, battery and electric tools.along with CNC router, laser cutter and 3D printers; Makerbots and Fortus 250, etc.

REMARK Contact A+B workshop team to get individual inductions prior any model making.

The number of students per induction is 30. Email: ab-workshop@deakin.edu.au 10

Housing Architecture: Model making as void vs. mass generator. with selection of winner cases of student housing competitions. Advanced design studio took place at the Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, led by Cristian Suau, year chair & design tutor (2007-2013). Credits: Suau (2013).

11

Each grouping consists of two long tables per student and 17 seats.

EachAgrouping consists of 2 long tables per student = 10x2 = 20 long tables SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER Tables: STUDIO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT Chairs: Each grouping consists of 16 seats = 160 +10 seats = 170 seats DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

SETUP PLAN OF DESIGN STUDIO

SRD763 Unit T1 2020 Setup plan room D4.319 (Area 2)

room D4.319 (Area 1)

NOTE FOR TUTORS & STUDENTS> It is responsability of tutors and students to keep the allocated work spaces clean and free of obstacles, speciaqlly regarding emergency paths and exits.

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

central corridor

G6

G7

G8

G9

central corridor

TUTORS + GROUPS ALLOCATION NOTE FOR TUTORS> Due to the ongoing effects of the Corona virus epidemy or other extenuating circunstances, we will expect the unattendance of some enrolled overseas students during the first weeks. They might require tutors keep regular control of attendance and contact and update them with tasks accordingly, via Deakin email only.

G1

Shawn Lim

G5

Dr Cristian Suau

G2

Dr Cecilia de Marinis

G6

Dr Yolanda Esteban

G3

Dr Ross T Smith

G7

Mark Dixon

G4

Christopher Leong

G8

Damian Rogers

G9

Dr Chin Koi Khoo

12

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

Digital modelling. Tête en l’air in Paris, France (2012)

Building process. Tête en l’air in Paris, France (2012)

Tête en l’air in Paris, France by Koz Architectes. Source: Koz Architectes (2012)

13

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY DESIGN STUDIO - WEEKLY CONTENT*

[*] WAM time allocation

Design process is executed individually whilst some activities may be performed in teams (i.e. site model making, etc). Studio sessions are structured in preliminary, developing and advanced design phases supported by environmental and design-related talks and dedicated vis-a-vis tutorials weekly

Week Commencing

Learning Activities

Design Activity

1

12 March 2020

Class + Studio

Introduction Project Brief: Co-housing

2

19 March

Class + Studio

Housing Design Charrette

3

26 March

Class + Studio

The Urban Game: Climate, Place-Making and Dwelling

4

02 April

Presentation Review

Review 1 [20%] Preliminary Design phase

5^ ^

09 April

Class + Studio

Programmatic Assemblage: Dwellers and the Art of Inhabitation

6

23 April

Class + Studio

Dwelling Configuration: Stacking and Linking

7

30 April

Class + Studio

Dwelling Types: Modularity and Variation

8

07 May

Class + Studio

Construction Systems: Envelope and Climatic Control

9

14 May

Presentation Review

Review 2 [30%] Design Development phase

10

21 May

Class + Studio

The Tectonics of Detailing

11

28 May

Class + Studio

Architectural Curation: Composing and Editing

12** 12

04 June

Presentation Review

Review 3 [50%] Advanced Design phase

^ Easter vacation/intra-trimester break: Friday 10 April - Sunday 19 April 2020 (between weeks 5 and 6) * Study week

14

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY CLASSES: ARCHITECTURAL LECTURE SERIES * WEEKLY [11.00-12.50] Design Studio is supported by design-related lecture series and talks weekly.

[*] WAM time allocation

Week Commencing

Learning Activities

Architectural Design Talks [tags]

Lecturers

1

Class

introduction, brief, co-housing

Dr Cristian Suau

12 March 2020

Time [from/to] 11.00-12.50

2 19 March Class dwelling/spatial concepts, charrette, Dr Cristian Suau 11.00-11.50 housing precedents, folding architecture Dr Yolanda Esteban 12.00-12.50 3 26 March Class urban condition, figure-ground, urban Dr Cecilia de Marinis composition, site plan, site modelling Dr Yolanda Esteban

11.00-11.50 12.00-12.50

4 02 April Review 1 20% [afternoon] placeness, place-making, suburban culture, Dr Cecilia de Marinis dwelling, domesticity Dr Ross Smith

11.00-11.50 12.00-12.50

5 09 April Class art of inhabitation, programme, function Jessica Hurse, served vs servant/shared vs private spaces City of Geelong

11.00-12.50

6 23 April Class housing configuration, stacking & linking Dr Cristian Suau + guest types, dwelling composition, model-making

11.00-12.50

7 30 April Class dwelling types, modularity, variation, Prof Paul Sanders served vs servant/shared vs private spaces

11.00-12.50

8 07 May Class envelope, constructive systems, initial exploded axo-detail

Dr Juan Hevia

11.00-12.50

9 14 May Review 2 30% [afternoon] architecture representation, editing, photomontage, inhabiting physical models

Dr Cristian Suau + guest

11.00-12.50

10

Prof James Doerfl;er

11.00-12.50

11 28 May Class curation, photography, photomontage Dr Ross Smith

11.00-12.50

12 12

04 June Review 3 50% [afternoon]

10.00-12.50

15

21 May

Class

skin, facades, details, exploded axo-detail

No lecture (review preparation)

Dr Cristian Suau

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY SUBMISSION PROCESS OF ASSIGNMENTS Digital submission is compulsory. It includes DIN A1 landscape sheets [PDF], physical models (folding/mass, architectural and tectonics models) and 1xA3 illustrated booklet (5 pages), which refers to the project ideas, design processes; and key design solutions, including a photomontage the existing situation. vs. proposed solution.

The 3xA1 panels must [a] integrate the theoretical, urban, architectural and technological ideas developed in the housing project with regards to the city challenges and theme-related design research; [b] compose the project comprehensively highlighting the best architectural qualities of the project, and particularly the relationships between the existing site conditions and advanced development; and [c] experiment with innovative design methods during the implementation process.

Inner patio, Sa Pobla Social Housing, Mallorca, Spain by Ripoll & Tizon (2012)

A1 board 02

A1

A1 board 01

board 03

Facades, Sa Pobla Social Housing, Mallorca, Spain by Ripoll & Tizon (2012)

16

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY LEARNING OBJECTIVE This Architectural Design Master Studio invites experimenters to explore disruptive design ideas in the studio by learning from the city as an open lab. Tutors will assist you by integrating theoretical, urban and technological aspects into housing design developments and testing advanced integrated design solutions that put your ideas into practice.

The main objective is promote an effective and collaborative ecosystem within the studio culture, the Architectural Design Master Studio aims to establish a unique programme to think new paradigms of the sustainable living and experiment with innovative housing design solutions.

Outer view. Tête en l’air in Paris, France (2012)

Section+inner facada. Tête en l’air in Paris, France (2012) Tête en l’air in Paris, France by Koz Architectes. Source: Koz Architectes (2012)

17

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES [ULO]

ULO1

Investigate and analyse ill-defined real urban environmental, cultural, physical and social architectural problems, frequently in complex and contradictory situations, explain their significance, causes and consequences, in order to build a solid and rigorous base for the formulation of alternative solutions.

ULO2

Create an authentic and well-rounded architectural response to a conflictive urban environment achieving a fertile balance between conventional and professional practice and innovative and speculative exploration of design alternatives.

ULO3

Apply and integrate knowledge of architecture theory and technology to develop and manage architecture projects, demonstrating initiative and judgement for professional practice.

ULO4

Reflect on the physical and non-physical changing conditions of urban context, evaluate the relevance of their short/long-term evolution and create alternative design responses and refinements of the existing fabric to accommodate inputs coming for architectural and non-architectural disciplines, working collaboratively towards the definition of this unstable and ever-changing urban scenario

ULO5

Communicate clearly, professionally and responsibly using oral, visual, digital, graphic and interpersonal communication modes to inform, motivate and persuade specialist and non-specialist audiences about architectural ideas and designs

ULO6

Research and critically analyse the environmental implications of relationships between people and the built environment and to reflect on synergies between the requirements of the design intent/brief, human comfort and delight and environmental responsibility.

ULO7

Demonstrate how the synergies between the requirements of the design intent/ brief, human comfort and delight 18

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

plug-in intervention model

context model

Timber-based context and plug-in model, Sa Pobla Social Housing, Mallorca. Source: Ripoll & Tizon (2012)

19

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY ASSESSMENT TABLE Assessment Description

Student Output

Preliminary Design [short project]

Deliverables: 2xA1 boards & folding/mass models. Oral & visual presentation Board 1> concept design + site plan scale 1.200 + key layout diagrams [initial] of use, access, structure, circulation & enclosure + exploded axonometric site plan (climatic design principles) Board 2> preliminary design of residential complex [programmatic layout, plans & sections] scales 1.100 / 1.200 + existing situation vs proposed project (photomontage) Models> folding/mass models (ind.) + context model 1.200 [teamwork]

20%

Design Development

Deliverables: 3xA1 boards & architectural models of building & unit type.

Oral & visual presentation.

Board 1> urban master plan + axo view scale 1.200 + key layout diagrams [revised] of use, access, structure, circulation & enclosure + exploded axonometric floor plan (environmental design) Board 2> housing building design [plans, sections & views] scale 1.100.

Board 3> dwelling unit types, scale scale 1.50 + initial details Models> mass model of building (enhanced) & architectural model of unit type (new).

30%

Deliverables: 3xA1 boards & tectonics model (all models); 1x illustrated booklet (up to 5 pages). Oral & visual full design presentation.

Board 1> ideograms + final master plan scale 1.200 + key layout diagrams [advanced] of use, access, structure, circulation & enclosure + urban/street view + exploded axonometric site plan.

Board 2> Advanced building design, scale 1.100 & unit types, scale 1.50 [plans & sections] + inner/outer views (photomontages) Board 3> Envelope & details: 1 faรงade (module), scale 1.20 + 1 exploded sectional detail, scales 1.20 Models> ALL MODELS folding/mass, architectural & tectonics models.

Booklet> 5xA3 design concepts & process

50%

Advanced Design Design

Weighting [% total mark for unit]

individual assessment

individual assessment

individual assessment

20

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY TERM 1 2020

PART 2.

THEORY, CITY & HOUSING COHOUSING ARCHITECTURE Future Living Forms Unit Chair Dr Cristian Suau, Senior Lecturer in Architectural Design

21

Cohousing is an intentional community, created and run by its residents, where each household has a selfcontained, private home as well as shared community spaces and facilities.

22

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY WHY DOES GEELONG NEED TO EXPERIMENT IN COHOUSING?

MIND, FILL & DWELL THE GAPS

A lot of issues are being discussed locally in relation to achieving an affordable housing agenda, but not much on fostering community housing as inclusive models in Australian cities, mainly in deprived areas. Affordability, user-centred design, shared amenities, mobility and place-making are some of the key problems. Generally, there is a lack of diversity and variety in residential prototypes, especially regarding new configurations and programmes.

Geelong is growing. Geelong is the first UNESCO City of Design in Australia. It envisions to lead an innovative way in the renewal towards an adaptive and productive city and in the development of innovative living and working environments. As it is growing, the city plan to tackle disadvantaged communities and homelessness aiming to build 13,500 new social dwellings over 21 years, including the replacement of 1,500 existing residences, to keep up with the population boom in the coming decades [Geelong Social Housing Plan 2018 – 2041]. The question is how Geelong might look for this sustainable growth by building a compact, circular, productive, healthy and inclusive city with equal opportunities for everyone?

The incubation of new forms of inhabitation is always invaluable because they stimulate the sense of appropriation, social cohesion, urbanity, ecologically-sound living, technology transfer and know-how crosspollination to demonstrate applied research through housing design.

The deployment of new housing programmes and visionary designs is a high-risk and high-gain experiment set to bring together a diverse range of intergenerational and vulnerable groups - young families, students, immigrants, refugees, disable people and older people- to unite visions for a more sustainable lifestyle, connecting Victorian Government and Geelong municipality (social and health policies), the Victorian housing industry (from finance to building sectors), and local communities to ideate, co-design and share together to find solutions.

Many cities around Australia and especially in Victoria are facing huge demographic shifts in coming years as result of the ageing of population and rapid increase in population, among other factors. At the moment, housing schemes in Australia demonstrate a lack of R+D initiatives. This market is dominated by real estate agencies who dictate developers as to what they can and can’t sell to anonymous and wealthy potential dwellers.

For instance, youth in their 20s and 30s are still living at home because they cannot afford to buy, rent or lease any dwelling.

23

The city of Geelong offers great potential to test innovative housing solutions in vacant areas, which are well-connected to railway stations and main public networks. These underused or derelict sites -abandoned factories, demolished blocks or rundown residential areas- offer great opportunities to demonstrate community-driven housing types as viable, affordable and concrete solutions to replicate in similar site conditions.

The pursuit of a denser or more compact city with resilient residential environments requires multiple considerations between the need for green productivity, health, inclusiveness and a circular living environment. The challenge is to develop a spatial strategy implementing new mixture of functions on selected sites to revitalise the local economy whilst rethinking the character of a suburban landscape, with communal facilities and other characteristics of the post-carbon cities.

What is the aim of developing co-housing in experimental sites? Mainly it implies to push a shift in the way we design and deliver housing; to establish community-led research; and to set innovative industry clusters to implement sustainable residential models, easy to scale up and replicate.

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY PRETTY VACANT

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

The remaking of post-industrial large areas –as complex and dynamic systems- involve fundamental alterations of its land management and ecology. Brownfield recovery is mostly based on pragmatic principles of rebuilding and transformation. Nonetheless, how can the Grand Paysage become an instrument of memory whilst open to changes and inventions?

Obsolete post-industrial areas and underused transport infrastructures can perfectly be transformed and filled in with new urbanity (Suau, 2012). The repurposing of these gaps could contribute to the regeneration of deprived neighbourhoods into co-productive landscapes of circular economies.

The new community housing schemes should deal with the following five design cornerstones:

For a long period, Victoria has maintained its supply of low-dense housing schemes in suburban areas, including its high level of ownership.

This tradition has been an unsustainable trend, blocking the continuous transition to regional social sustainability and thus aggravating the spatial impact of social asymmetries. Recent high density and high-rise housing models has been criticised for its poor design and building qualities, along with elevated prices far from social agendas.

How do we activate stalled spaces to intensify urbanity without losing the identity of places that have made Geelong a great place to live? How can we provide quality, access and affordable housing schemes in Geelong to make our urbanised region much more viable?

This Master Studio is an advanced design lab focused in dwelling and architecture. Students guided by experienced tutors will plan a residential complex in a challenging urban environment interconnecting functional, morphological, typological and technological solutions applied in innovative housing design. It will challenge students with innovative housing design methodologies. It could set the basis in which local authorities will be required to take community housing seriously.

[1] Compactness

Promoting a relatively high residential density with mixed land uses.

[2] Circularity

Focusing on buildings, mobility, and products to enable a circular economy transition.

[3] Productivity

Producing energy, food & knowledge in self-sufficient neighbourhoods

[4] Health

Creating and improving physical and social environments for citizens

[5] Inclusiveness

Avoiding marginalisation, including vulnerable intergenerational groups The design brief is focussed on housing challenges in everyday life. It encompasses the development of restorative/regenerative architectural interventions with programmatic complexity, community interactions and spatial quality. The design studio is aligned with the social design agenda of housing architecture [UN principles of Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda Habitat III].

The design studio will experiment on local community housing applied in deprived areas. In the initial phase, students will study and envision future models of sustainable housing developments. is expected that a wide range of design schemes will develop across the student cohort.

24

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY CONNECTING ADAPTIVE HABITATS Today we see increased societal demands on mobility resources, which are finite. Architects have the responsibility to act, especially in new housing developments by connecting them with efficient public transport systems in urban and suburban areas. We need to prevent the impact of climate change at domestic and urban scales.

Elmore

9 Echuca

Rochester

Kerang

9 Swan Hill

Pyramid

9 Ararat

BENDIGO 9

Eaglehawk

Castlemaine 9

Roxburgh Park

Malmsbury 9

Coolaroo Broadmeadows

Gowrie i

Glenroy i

Fawkner

Oak Park

Merlynston

Pascoe Vale

Batman

Strathmore

Coburg i

Riddells Creek 9

Clunes

Clarkefield 9 Flemington Racecourse

Watergardens

9 Ballan

Keilor Plains

9 Bacchus Marsh

St Albans i

9 Melton

Deer Park

Sunshine

Footscray

WERRIBEE i

Lara 9

North Geelong 91 GEELONG 9

Spotswood

Aircraft

2

Marshall 9 Waurn Ponds i

Altona Westona

Williamstown Beach WILLIAMSTOWN i

9 Prahran

Camperdown 9 Terang

9 Windsor

Port Phillip Bay

i Balaclava

Sherwood Park

9 Ripponlea

Warrnambool 9

Train lines

Symbols

South Morang & Hurstbridge Line

Stony Point Line

Sunbury, Craigieburn & Upfield Line

Special event service, operated by Metro

Lilydale, Belgrave, Alamein & Glen Waverley Line

Alamein – some peak services to the city

Pakenham & Cranbourne Line

V/Line – myki required V/Line – paper ticket required

For opening hours visit ptv.vic.gov.au

Frankston Loop

Weekend services operate via the City Loop

Customer service hub Customer service hub

Weekend services operate via the City Loop

Sandringham Line

Interchange station and customer service hub

Staffed first to last train, seven days a week Staffed first to last train, seven days a week

Frankston, Werribee & Williamstown Line

Select weekday morning and evening peak services, and all weekend services, operate through the City Loop.

All other services are direct.

SkyBus services operate directly between Melbourne Airport and Southern Cross Station

Step free access at all stations except Heyington Not to scale Effective January 2017 © Public Transport Victoria 2017

Metropolitan fare zones 1 and 2 Regional myki fare zones 3 to 13 and V/Line paper ticket

Tecoma i BELGRAVE

Willison Hartwell Burwood

Hawthorn

Ashburton i ALAMEIN

Kooyong

9 Bairnsdale Stratford

Tooronga 9 Gardiner

Hawksburn

9 Sale

Glen Iris

Toorak

Darling i

9 Armadale 9 Malvern Caulfield

i Elsternwick

9 Glenhuntly

Gardenvale

9 Ormond McKinnon

Murrumbeena 9

Patterson

Hampton

i Moorabbin Highett

Jordanville

i TRARALGON 9 Morwell 9 Moe Trafalgar Yarragon

Oakleigh i

9 Warragul

Huntingdale 9 Clayton

9 Drouin

Westall i

Longwarry

Springvale i

Bunyip

Sandown Park

Garfield

Noble Park i

Southland

Tynong

Yarraman

i Cheltenham

Dandenong

Cardinia Narre Hallam Warren i Berwick i Beaconsfield Officer Road

i Mentone Parkdale

Lynbrook

i Mordialloc

Nar Nar Goon

PAKENHAM

Merinda Park

Aspendale

i CRANBOURNE

Edithvale Chelsea

Syndal 9

GLEN WAVERLEY i

Hughesdale

i Bentleigh

i Brighton Beach i SANDRINGHAM

Rosedale

Mount Holmesglen 9 Waverley i

East Malvern i

Carnegie 9

Bonbeach

PTVH2153/17. Authorised by Public Transport Victoria, 750 Collins Street, Docklands

Upwey

Riversdale

Heyington

9 North Brighton 9 Middle Brighton

i Upper Ferntree Gully

Glenferrie i

Burnley

i Ferntree Gully

Chatham

Auburn 9

East Richmond

LILYDALE i

i Boronia

Canterbury

Camberwell

Mooroolbark i

Croydon i

East Camberwell

Jolimont 9

Colac 9

HURSTBRIDGE 9

i Bayswater

Surrey Hills i

Clifton Hill Victoria Park

South Yarra

Mitcham i

Mont Albert

North Richmond West Richmond

FLINDERS STREET

Wattle Glen

Ringwood Ringwood East

Box Hill i

Collingwood

Birregurra

Eltham i

Nunawading i Heatherdale 9 Laburnum Heathmont

Fairfield 9 Dennis Westgarth

Richmond

Diamond Creek

Montmorency

Greensborough i

Blackburn i

Darebin Alphington

Merri Rushall

Parliament

Watsonia i

Macleod i

Ivanhoe i

Northcote

North Williamstown

Seaholme

Winchelsea 9

SOUTH MORANG i

Heidelberg i

Croxton

Royal Park Flemington Bridge North Melbourne Melbourne Flagstaff Central

SOUTHERN CROSS

Newport

Laverton

Albury 9

Eaglemont

Thornbury

Macaulay

South Kensington

Epping i

Rosanna

i Bell

Yarraville 9

Williams Landing i

North Shore

Wodonga 9

Chiltern

Lalor

i Preston

Jewell

Newmarket 9

Thomastown i

Regent

Seddon

Hoppers Crossing 9

Corio

Keon Park

Brunswick

Ascot Vale 9

West Middle Tottenham Footscray Footscray

Springhurst

Wangaratta 9

Ruthven

Anstey

Moonee Ponds 9

Albion 9 Ardeer

Benalla 9

Violet Town

i Reservoir

Moreland

Essendon i

Kensington

Ginifer

Rockbank 9 Caroline Springs

Little River

Showgrounds

Victorian train network

Shepparton 9

UPFIELD i

Glenbervie

SUNBURY Diggers Rest

9 BALLARAT

Mooroopna

Murchison East

Avenel

Jacana Melbourne Airport

Nagambie

SEYMOUR 9

Euroa

Macedon 9 Talbot

Tarneit

Tallarook

Broadford 9

Woodend 9 Gisborne 9

Wyndham Vale i

Kilmore East 9

Wandong

Kyneton 9

Maryborough 9

3 South Geelong 9

The first country line in Victoria was from Melbourne to Geelong. It opened in 1857 by the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company. Refer to Clark, A. (2007) Australian Railway History. In March 2019, the Government pledged $2 billion for a fast rail line from Southern Cross St. to Geelong Central St., promising a maximum speed of 200 km/h, an average travel speed of 160 km/h and a travel time of 32 minutes. Therefore new dwellings need to be positioned in locations that are accessible across the metropolitan and regional networks: North, Central and South Geelong.

CRAIGIEBURN

Creswick

Beaufort

Heathcote Junction

Wallan 9 Kangaroo Flat 9

9 Wendouree

cohousing+

Transport and infrastructure have a prominent role in the performance of city clusters. The benefits of agglomeration and proximity (Johansson and Quigley, 2004) could be increased in a cluster that are strongly networked.

Donnybrook

Epsom

Dingee

Seaford Carrum i

FRANKSTON

Kananook

Baxter

Leawarra

Tyabb

Somerville

Bittern

Hastings

Crib Point

Morradoo

STONY POINT

For more public transport information visit ptv.vic.gov.au or call 1800 800 007.

Geelong and the main stations Source: Victorian train transport system (2020)

For the purpose of this design brief, we will understand the city of Geelong as a polycentric city cluster, which is environmentally advantageous due to it is associated with commuting shorter distances between residences and workplaces and lowering CO2 emissions (less private vehicle demand).

Transformation should be understood as the mutation and reactivation of existing train infraestructure including stations, existing buildings and vacant lands as catalyst for new residential developments.

Geelong: A station with a town attached.

Source: Victoria Library archive (1914)

25

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY NO FUEL NO SUBURBIA Nowadays we do not look at the city as a compact, circular, productive, healthy and inclusive social form. Only 2% of the Earth’s surface is occupied by urban areas, ignoring the impact of the ecological footprint in the 98% of the non-urbanised planet, which seems a bit irresponsible.

Cities are now divided into areas that change extremely quickly and areas that cannot change. The rapid urbanisation is linked with the increasing struggle of building in productive or heritage areas, creating a dichotomy for architects, builders and planners.

Let’s stare at the phenomenon of suburbia! The lifestyle of “Petropolis” makes us carbon-dependent dwellers. For instance, artificial food production is increasingly organised as result of the digitisation of farming on the landscape where tractors or harvesters are controlled as drones and every inch of arable field is translated into a pixel-value. The postcarbon transition needs to consider synergies between ecosystems, between communities and between functions and uses. It is a systemic way of rethinking and remaking the city.

“The End of Suburbia” (2006) is a film directed by Gregory Greene. It demonstrates that the modern suburbs have ultimately become an unsustainable way of living. They were originally developed in an era of cheap oil, when the automobile became the center of the way people lived and an era when people wanted to escape the inner city to a more pastoral or rural way of life. However, the suburbs quickly evolved into merely a place to live that had neither the benefits of rural nor urban life, and where one was reliant on an automobile both to travel elsewhere and even to travel within the neighborhood. The suburbs are not only dependent upon cheap energy, but also reliable energy. Are today’s suburbs destined to become the slums of tomorrow?

26

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY DOMESTICITY: THE ART OF INHABITATION Inhabitation is the process of appropriating interior and domestic spaces by individuals. Phenomenology is the container name for the approach to home. Refer to Martin Heidegger [1955] Building, Dwelling, Thinking and Gaston Bachelard [1994], The Poetics of Space.

It is focused on the possibilities of architecture for creating a meaningful framework for our everyday life by connecting buildings, users, and domestic life. Architecture as an act of form-giving, so it has to invite the dwellers to add their intangible quality of use. The term domestic interior architecture is referring to the home and its inner design. Refer to A. & P. Smithson [1994], Changing the Art of Inhabitation.

Several architectural theorists define the city in relation to the house.

Leone Batista Alberti, for example, compares the city with a ‘great house’ and a house with a ‘little city’. At a glance, the term domesticity suggests, though this is etymologically incorrect, the words domus (house) and city. These two concepts inform each other.

The notion of domesticity refers to the material and spatial practices that construct our sense of ‘home’, but in practise it is never so simple or even positive. Architecture, in particular, reveals across time how domesticity can be burdened with detrimental implications of Neoliberal privatisation, repressive gender roles and colonialist practices in domestic everydaylife.

Who exactly is involved in the processes of domesticity? What counts as domestic or makes a sense of home? Does domesticity necessarily reflect home-making or atmospheric sensibility? How the development of new residential block types can provide a social framework for new domestic interactions?

Interior: Common shared voids. La Borda in Barcelona, Spain, architects: Lacol Coop.

(2019). Credit: Lacol cooperatiu arquitectes (2020)

27

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY TOWARDS POLYVALENT HOUSING MODELS

CITIES WITHOUT HOUSING AND HOUSING WITHOUT CITIES The production of housing is related to the establishment of socioeconomic dynamics that create and occupy everyday spaces in our cities.

Nowadays urban-based economies are propagating a new geography of centrality and marginality. Urban poverty is no longer a characteristic of mega-cities or slums in developing regions. Social asymmetry is the new urban question in Australian cities, which is convoyed by the abrupt inequity of income distribution, environmental disasters, displacement of rural and indigenous communities, and homelessness proliferation.

Australian cities are faced with new challenges regarding changing domestic lifestyles. There are a rich diversity and variety of living forms -formal and informal ones- with people inhabiting alone or sharing together, for instance, with couples without children, mono-parental families with one child or clans of immigrants. How can new social forms give response to new housing types?

During decades, the commodification of suburbia has ignored the rightto-the-city, making them less inclusive and sustainable. This detachment has generated dysfunctional residential models with poor spatial quality regarding streets and housing types, reduced accessibility and mobility to public transport, and no mixture of uses causing physical and social fissures between the domestic and public realms. An example of social exclusion are the so-called gated communities. How can residential buildings strengthen urban structures? Street and houses are indivisible structured and structuring forms.

Flexible floor plan. La Borda in Barcelona, Spain, architects: Lacol Coop. (2019).

Credit: Lacol cooperatiu arquitectes (2020)

28

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY FLEXIBILITY, ADAPTABILITY & POLYVALENCE

DEFINITIONS

The notions of Open Building created by John Habraken (1961) and Open Society coined by Jaap Bakema (1975) define our built environment as an open organism. Dwellings are collective constructions. They are open systems. Adaptability refers to use change whilst Flexibility denotes any spatial alteration of house. Polyvalence relates primarily to the interchangeability of activities and living patterns.

FLEXIBLE HOUSING It means a housing model that is spatially adjusted to the changing needs of users. It accommodates new technologies as they emerge. It also attains to the building frame allowing the possibility of multiple arrangements as well as time modification.

ADAPTIVE HOUSING It refers to the programmatic inner transformation of housing types and configurations regarding functions.

POLYVALENT HOUSING It combines flexibility and adaptability. Polyvalence in residential terms means that a dwelling can be used in different ways without adjustment to the way. It empowers occupiers to take control of their dwelling over its lifetime. Economically, it prevents deterioration and costs associated in reconfiguration or refurbishment and facilitates the upgrading of technologies applied to services.

There exist degrees of polyvalence. Polyvalent forms depend on the number of possible spatial combinations of activities, room size and the relationship between served spaces (rooms) vs. servant spaces (service buffer). The larger the rooms, the higher the polyvalence factor to distribute the basic functions among them.

29

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

Flexible dwellings. La Borda in Barcelona, Spain, architects: Lacol Coop. (2019). Credit: Lacol cooperatiu arquitectes (2020)

30

Floor plan diagrams. Source: Heckmann, The Floor Plan Manual Housing (2012)

31

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY TERM 1 2020

PART 3.

PROGRAMME COHOUSING ARCHITECTURE Future Living Forms Unit Chair Dr Cristian Suau, Senior Lecturer in Architectural Design

32

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY SCALES IN DESIGN The design brief applies a ‘zoom-in’ approach, from urban tissue to dwelling cells.

[1] URBAN TISSUE The urban scale [L] corresponds to the city study area, with emphasis in the mutation, restoration and regeneration of given sites into future mixed-use residential developments.

[2] DWELLING BLOCK The middle or local scale [M] represents the community housing and its programmatic strategy. The selected sites allow the development of innovative ideas of urban forms and residential configurations, in which experimenters can also develop in-depth solutions.

[3] DWELLING CELL The small or domestic scale [S] relates to the development of a dwelling unit, highlighting its spatial, functional and technological innovations, in which future projects can be replicated.

33

Open Building. Zoom-in diagram of control levels. Source: Habraken (1961)

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR), BUILDING COVERAGE RATIO (BCR) & BIOCAPACITY LAND COVERAGE RATIO (BLx-CR) DEFINITIONS Land to Building Ratio Divide the square footage of the land parcel by the square footage of the building to arrive at the land to building ratio.

Building coverage ratio (BCR) The ratio of the building area divided by the land (site) area. Building area means the floor space of a building when looking down at it from the sky.

Floor area ratio (FAR) It is the ratio of a building’s total floor area(gross floor area) to the size of the piece of land upon which it is built. It is often used as one of the regulations in city planning along with the building-to-land ratio. Floor Area ratio is sometimes called floor space ratio (FSR), floor space index (FSI), site ratio or plot ratio. The difference between FAR and FSI is that the first is a ratio, while the latter is an index. Index numbers are values expressed as a percentage of a single base figure. Thus an FAR of 1.5 is translated as an FSI of 150%.

Biocapacity land coverage ratio (BLCR) Urban biocapacity measures how much biologically productive urban area is available to regenerate/restore these resources and services by calculating the amount of biologically productive urban area available to provide all bio-resources an area consumes and to absorb waste. For instance, Water (Blue) and Green (Green) represent biocapacity elements.

BCR is the ratio of urban biocapacity area divided by the land (site) area.

Biocapacity area means the floor space of a building when looking down at it from the sky.

TABLE OF FAR vs. BCR Comparison of floor area ratio (FAR) or floor space index (FSI) and building coverage ratio (BCR). Credit: Suau (2012) FORMULA These are the coeficients you should apply in the early design:

FAR = 150% [1.5]

BCR = 50% [0.5]

BLCR = 75% [0.75]

34

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY ATTRIBUTES OF LIVING IN A COHOUSING HOME What aspects of living in a cohousing home are most important to you?

Outdoor shared spaces (eg. productive garden, communal dining and BBQ areas, garden spaces) Resale price restriction for future generations of homebuyers Community & social integration

right: individual terraces edge the housing units. opposite page: each shared garden is designed by the neighbors.

Exterior views of Neue Terrassen, Hamburg (2013). Architects: LAN. Credit: LAN (2018)

User-centred housing design Indoor shared spaces (eg. community guest house, bath house, etc.)

Workshops Shared electric cars Location Reduced living costs Smaller footprint living Proximity to public transport Fossil fuel free operations Sensitive to impact on the neighbourhood Environmental sustainability Sociocracy 35

right: individual terraces edge the housing units. opposite page: each shared garden is designed by

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY KEY CO-HOUSING DESIGN PRINCIPLES

CO-HOUSING DESIGN RULES APPLICABLE IN SELECTED PLOT

[A] SIZE: larger/smaller.

A1> Communal spaces = 33.3% Set common servant and served areas.

A2> Co-housing units = 66.6% Configurate between 45 - 55 units with 100 dwellers, depending on [a] social vision, [b] site, [c] corporation/ developer and [d] building (renovation).

A3> Number of occupants and groups: Identify different households, including groups/individuals.

HOUSE HEIGHT = BETWEEN 2-4 STORIES PER DWELLING UNIT

100%

50%

50%

50%

[B] SOCIO-SPATIAL LAYERING & ACCESS STRUCTURE. B1> Concentrated communal space and facilities: General communal spaces, should be centrally situated and large enough to accommodate all group members and residents at the same time for cooking, eating, meetings, festivities etc.

B2> Layered communal spaces and facilities: Communal spaces and facilities are randomised organised on different levels, so these amenities are dispersed and differentiated. General communal spaces are combined with several smaller communal spaces like living rooms, kitchens, laundry, etc. forming cluster spaces.

B3> Shared area per person = 25-45m2 B4> Shared/private spaces ratio = 0.33

PLOT

BUILT/UNBUILT

BUILT

66.6% 33.3% PRIVATE/SHARED

COMPOSITION 1

CO

COMPOSITION 2

[C] PARKING RATIO C1> Public car park [street]: Limited car park lots for visitors, ambulance & disable people.

C2> Private car park [underground only]: Limited car park lots. Ratio: one vehicle every two dwellings. Additionally, you should consider one shared car lot every ten houses.

C3> Public bike parking: No limit (at least two bikes per houses).

100%

PLOT

150%

FAR = 1.5

3f

CO

FAR = 3 stories

Credit: Suau (2018)

36

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY GENERAL PROGRAMME OF ACTIVITIES

LANDSCAPE DESIGN RULES APPLICABLE IN SELECTED PLOT

[A] PRIVATE SPACES HOUSE HEIGHT = BETWEEN 2-4 STORIES PER DWELLING UNIT

Private spaces cohousing units [served & servant spaces] > Bedroom, bathrooms Semi-private spaces [served & servant spaces] > Reading rooms, bathrooms, [B] INDOOR SHARED SPACES Communal spaces [served & servant spaces] > Lobby, common living & dining rooms, shared laundry, community kitchen, relax room, children’s play room, childcare centre, DIY workshop Commercial spaces > Boutiques, co-working spaces Circulation > Cores, staircases, ramps & corridors

>75%

PLOT

BIOCAPACITY

pond + cistern collective terraces pergolaes

roof landscape green roof

Underground parking > Bikes shed, limited private and shared car park lots [C] OUTDOOR SPACES Outdoor shared spaces > Community garden, collective terraces, pergolaes, landscape, green roof, etc.

Car & bike parking > Limited car park lots for visitors, ambulance & disable people.

>75%

BIO/HARD

20% 10%

community garden

Storage, service & maintenance workshop

37

100%

20%

>50% BIOCAPACITY PROGRAM

COMPOSITION 1

COMPOSITION 2

COMPOSITION 1

COMPOSITION 2

75%

BIO COVER

Credit: Suau (2018)

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNITY HOUSING SCHEME

USERS & UNIT TYPES

PRIVATES SPACES - USERS & AREAS OF DWELLINGS

USERS

DWELLING UNITS

AREA [M2]

disabled person

10 DWELLINGS 55 M2

550 M2

15 DWELLINGS 40 M2

600 M2

15 DWELLINGS 70 M2

1050 M2

15 DWELLINGS 55 M2

825 M2

2 bedrooms [inc. room for carer/visitor]

solo student 1 bedroom

young family 3 bedrooms

pensionists 2 bedrooms [inc. room for carer/visitor]

Credit: Suau (2020)

38

Floor plan diagrams. Source: Heckmann, The Floor Plan Manual Housing (2012)

39

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY TERM 1 2020

PART 4.

CLIMATE & ENVIRONMENT COHOUSING ARCHITECTURE Future Living Forms Unit Chair Dr Cristian Suau, Senior Lecturer in Architectural Design

40

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

Range of max temperature (˚C) changes

UKMO HADGEM1

CSIRO MK3.5

HIGH

CLIMATE CHANGE RULES Nowadays urban economies promulgate a new geography of centrality and marginality characterised not only by social asymmetries but environmental degradation, climate change and unsustainable development, constituting the most serious threats. With devastating consequences for people in poverty, this phenomenon is also threatening food production and confronting disastrous environmental, economic and social pressures in our cities.

3.00 Ranges 1.97

NASA GISS-AOM

HIGH LOW

1.44 .58 .33

.88 .50 2020

.95 .45

CSIRO Mk3.5

.69 2030

.69

1.05 2050

HIGH LOW

Year Data © CSIRO 2010 - Graphic: © Net Balance 2010

Environmentally, about 75% of the consumption of natural 3.00 resources occurs in cities, which produce around 50% of global waste and between 60% and 80% of CO2 emissions. People see waste as a valueless material, Ranges lacking continuous synergies to creatively offset, reuse and repurpose NASA GISS-AOM 1.97 urban wastelands and consequently build ecologically sound HIGH smart communities. Cities concentrate most used with 1.44and wasted materials LOW buildings, lands, and other infrastructures constantly underutilised. .95 CSIRO Mk3.5 .88 highest incomes have the highest resource Paradoxically cities with the .58 HIGH demands in terms of ecological footprint. .33

.50 2020

.45

.69 2030

.69

Visit Climate Change Adaptation Strategy Geelong: Year https://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/climatetoolkit

1.05 2050

LOW

-1.7 -3.0

-4.2 -7.5

-2.4 -4.9

-3.6 -5.8 -8.9 -12.2

-11.1

Ranges UKMO-HadGEM1

HIGH LOW

-25.4 2020

2030

CSIRO Mk3.5

HIGH LOW

2050

Year Data © CSIRO 2010 - Graphic: © Net Balance 2010

41

Rainfall water deficit in Australia: April to October rainfall deciles for the last 20 years (1999–2019). A decile map shows where rainfall is above average, average or below average for the recent period, in comparison with the entire rainfall record from 1900.

Percentage change in totalincluding rainfall Areas across northern and central Victoria Melbourne have suffered the lowest precipitation rates on For Geelong (%)record. Source: Bureau of Meteorology (2020)

Range of max decrease in rainfall (%)

Range of max temperature (˚C) changes

Climate change is a uniform and global pattern (Neukom, Steiger, Gómez-Navarro, Wang & Werner, J., 2019), being the “ultimate challenge for economics” (Nordhaus, 2019). This is the new urban question.

For instance, a person in the World’s richest 1% uses 175 times more carbon than one in the bottom 10 percent (Oxfam, 2015). The scope of this transformation required tosurface limit warming to 1.5°C is historically Change in maximum temperature unprecedented.

It could only be achieved through societal transformation For Geelong, Summer temperatures and ambitious emissions reduction measures. Climate change affects both cities and the environment in the world (Wallace-Wells, 2019).

Data © CSIRO 2010 - Graphic: © Net Balance 2010 Rainfall water deficit in Geelong: Percentage change in total rainfall.

Source: CSIRO & Bureau of Meteorology (2010) & Climate Change Adaptation Strategy Geelong (2011)

UKMO HADGEM1 SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

around 2°C, and we can then compare regional changes and patterns. Figure 56 shows when global warming plateaus at around 2°C, in BRACE, Victorian average annual temperature is a little above 2°C, relative to the 1920–1940 baseline (the

HIGH

historical runs from 1850 indicated change from 1850–1920 of less than 0.1°C). There is regional variation, however (Figure 57) and the changes range from 2.2 to 2.5°C, with a mean of 2.3°C.

Climatically, the occurrence of heatwaves is a global problem, especially in the Global South. Due to Climate Change, growing global temperature are resulting in acute water crisis and adverse urban thermal environment caused by the Urban Heat Island (UHI). More frequent and hotter heatwaves (HW) are expected and the number of highly unusual hot days is projected to increase the most in the tropics (IPCC, 2014). The Global Climate Risk Index (CRI) period 1999–2019 mapped South and West Asia region as the most vulnerable region on Earth (IPCC, 2014). In Australia, heat stress, drought and bushfire have already a direct impact on agriculture, water accessibility and urban systems mainly in Southern Australian cities with the largest increase in the number of HW days.

Figure 56. Victorian average annual temperature in 11 simulations under the BRACE program where global mean temperature

The climate change projections show that average temperatures will increase in all seasons. More hot days and fewer frosts are projected. Hot days and heatwaves will be exacerbated in some parts of Australian cities caused by UHI effect (CSIRO & Bureau of Meteorology, 2015). Fuel-based urban economies are the main driver of climate change with heat stress, poor air and water quality, intermittent food supply, etc.

Compact means less footprint and more bio-capacity. New housing types need to offset the current ecological footprint. The denser the better.

Range of max temperature (˚C) changes

Regional climate modelling (ACT 2019) has identified four most significant impacts: [a] bushfires, more frequent and severe as rainfall is reduced and temperatures increase in hot seasons; heatwaves, hotter (day and night), longer and more frequent; drought, more frequent and prolonged as rainfall is seasonally more variable; storms, more frequent and severe over a longer summer season, with flash flooding and violent winds. The substantial increasing in drought months (of 80%) and extremely hot days (>35°C) will prolong extreme fire days and will spread larger woodland areas burnt.

Climate in Victoria, Victorian average temperature plateaus at emergency +2°C from the pre-industrial era (blueAustralia: is historical, red is projected, dark lines areannual the average off 11 simulations)in and11 ACORN-SAT-v2 (black) simulations under the BRACE program where global mean temperature plateaus at +2°C from the pre-industrial era (blue is historical, red is projected, dark lines are the average Change and in maximum surface temperature off 11 simulations) ACORN-SAT-v2 (black).

For Geelong, Summer temperatures Source: CSIRO’s Climate Science Centre https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au

3.00 Ranges 1.97

NASA GISS-AOM

HIGH LOW

1.44

Figure 57. Change in mean annual temperature from pre-industrial era to the end of the 21st century when global mean .95 temperature plateaus at 2°C for land areas in the mean of 11 BRACE simulations (right panel shows detail over Australia). Scale CSIRO Mk3.5 .88 is centred on 2°C to show which areas are projected to warm more than the global average, and which areas less. Note the .58 HIGH broad spatial patterns of change are consistent between models (e.g. the Arctic warms by much more than the global average), but some regional details are specific BRACE model .45 (e.g. northern Australia warming the global average LOWdue to .33 to the.50 .69 .69 less than 1.05 increased rainfall imparting a cooling effect).

72

2020

2030

2050

Year

Rainfall water deficit in Geelong: Change in maximum surface Data temperature (Summer © CSIRO 2010 - Graphic: © Net Balance 2010 temperatures). Source: CSIRO & Bureau of Meteorology (2010) & Climate Change Adaptation Strategy Geelong (2011)

42

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY AUSTRALIAN ARCHITECTS DECLARE CLIMATE & BIODIVERSITY EMERGENCY https://au.architectsdeclare.com The twin crises of climate breakdown and biodiversity loss are the most serious issue of our time. Globally, buildings and construction play a major part, accounting for nearly 40% of energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions whilst also having a significant impact on our natural habitats.

For everyone working in the construction industry, meeting the needs of our society without breaching the earth’s ecological boundaries will demand a paradigm shift in our behaviour. Together with our clients, we will need to commission and design buildings, cities and infrastructures as indivisible components of a larger, constantly regenerating and self-sustaining system.

The research and technology exist for us to begin that transformation now, but what has been lacking is collective will. Recognising this, we are committing to strengthen our working practices to create architecture and urbanism that has a more positive impact on the world around us.

We will seek to: – Raise awareness of the climate and biodiversity emergencies and the urgent need for action amongst our clients and supply chains.

– Advocate for faster change in our industry towards regenerative design practices and a higher Governmental funding priority to support this.

– Establish climate and biodiversity mitigation principles as the key measure of our industry’s success: demonstrated through awards, prizes and listings.

– Share knowledge and research to that end on an open source basis.

– Evaluate all new projects against the aspiration to contribute positively to mitigating climate breakdown, and encourage our clients to adopt this approach.

– Upgrade existing buildings for extended use as a more carbon efficient alternative to demolition and new build whenever there is a viable choice.

– Include life cycle costing, whole life carbon modelling and post occupancy evaluation as part of our basic scope of work, to reduce both embodied and operational resource use.

– Adopt more regenerative design principles in our studios, with the aim of designing architecture and urbanism that goes beyond the standard of net zero carbon in use.

– Collaborate with engineers, contractors and clients to further reduce construction waste.

– Accelerate the shift to low embodied carbon materials in all our work.

– Minimise wasteful use of resources in architecture and urban planning, both in quantum and in detail.

In Australia, we as architects are aware that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have long espoused the cultural, social, economic and environmental benefits embedded in the holistic relationship of Caring for Country.

43

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

LAYERS OF LONGEVITY Francis Duffy [1990]

URBAN FORM & HOUSING FOLLOWS CLIMATE How we tackle the pressing challenges of urbanisation whilst maintaining the environment and climate balances? Circa 60% of the urban areas that will exist in 2050 have not yet been built. Australian’s level of urbanisation is 89% with the population living in just 0.22% of the country’s land area and 85% per cent living within 50 kilometres of the coastline, with around 9 million people living in two large cities, Melbourne and Sydney.

Nowadays postindustrial cities are archipelagos of vacant spaces. These gaps are the ultimate challenge to restore and regenerate creatively our endangered urban ecosystems (Suau, 2018). How can cities thrive in an era of decreasing resources? What can we play instead to naturalise our cities? Many cities still struggle in their transition to implement a viable circular economy model incorporating meaningful actions supported by regenerative and restorative practices. Urban settlements are placed where most materials are used and wasted, and where buildings, lands, and other infrastructures are constantly underutilised. For instance, the phenomenon of urban shrinkage or the “Doughnut City” effect has generated many dysfunctional voids in the core of post-industrial cities far from green, convivial, safe or healthy open spaces. The lack of urbanity is still an unresolved problem. The size, span, and harshness of the problem make it difficult to foresee and implement.

Although Climate Change has been on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) and the Melbourne Principles for Sustainable Cities (2002) for several years, it remains a marginal alarm and many city authorities continue taking short-sighted steps in the wrong direction (e.g. alarms of high air pollution thresholds in large Australian cities).

Both urban development policies and codes have been manifestly inadequate and premised on forms of incremental managerialism and proceduralism, which are entirely detached to the urgency of ongoing urban threats. Urban innovators, planners and architects should demand the deployment of effective grassroot and adaptive actions towards greener, healthier and more enjoyable common places changing the perceptions in our habitats.

set - furniture scenery - partitions service - circulation shell

SHEARING LAYERS OF CHANGE Steward Brand [1995]

stuff space plan services structure skin structure

CHANGING SPEEDS SLA [2003]

furniture dividing elements services access - circulation structure facade location

Comparative diagrams of dwelling time-layers. Source: Suau (2016)

44

GEELONG (NORLANE)

Site No: 087117 • Opened Jun 1970 • Closed Aug 1996 • Latitude: -38.085° • Longitude: 144.3356° • Elevation 54.m

An asterisk (*) indicates that calm is less than 0.5%.

Other important info about this analysis is available in the accompanying notes.

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

N

SW

S

CALM

NE

CALM

E

km/h

>= 0 and < 10

>= 10 and < 20 >= 30 and < 40 >= 20 and < 30

>= 40

SE

3 pm 9135 Total Observations Calm 4%

30 %

BUILDING INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGIES: AN INTEGRAL APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND DESIGN

NW W

20

Tech+Sustainable team Dr Astrid Roetzel, environmental design tutor Dr Cristian Suau Ibanez, unit chair & architectural design tutor

%

10 %

This SRD763 Design Unit will integrate technologies and environmental analysis into a sustainable design and development of projects.

Lectures will introduce students to the principles of sustainability and human needs, construction, structure, climate and energy applied into advanced architectural design. Students will develop an understanding of how technologies affect architectural design from conceptualisation to completion of the building process at any level, and also the appropriated use of building technologies applied in buildings.

Rose of Wind direction versus Wind speed in km/h (01 Jun 1970 to 31 Jul 1996) Custom times selected, refer to attached note for details

GEELONG (NORLANE)

Wind rose in Geelong. Annual performance in afternoon.

Source: Bureau of Meteorology (2020)

Site No: 087117 • Opened Jun 1970 • Closed Aug 1996 • Latitude: -38.085° • Longitude: 144.3356° • Elevation 54.m

An asterisk (*) indicates that calm is less than 0.5%.

Other important info about this analysis is available in the accompanying notes.

NW W

S

E

km/h

>= 0 and < 10

>= 10 and < 20 >= 30 and < 40 >= 20 and < 30

>= 40

SE

Copyright © Commonwealth of Australia 2019 . Prepared on 10 Aug 2019

Prepared by the Bureau of Meteorology.

9 am Contact us by phone on (03) 9669 4082, by fax on (03) 9669 4515, or by email on climatedata@bom.gov.au 9132 Total Observations We have taken all due care but cannot provide any warranty nor accept any liability for this information.

TCZANNUAL Page 1

Calm 16%

%

20 % 10

This unit will also introduce the ISD (Integral Sustainable Design) framework as a means to facilitate the holistic INTEGRATION of environmental considerations and responsibilities into the design and development process. It ensures feedback loops occur throughout all design stages between brief requirements, design intent and environmental considerations so that the final project is a symbiosis of all three – and more than the sum of its parts.

SW

CALM

NE

% 30

At the end of the module students should achieve fresh know-how on sustainable building criteria/performances and environmental design principles. They will be able to understand design and construction as a whole by integrating structural, climatic and constructive principles in dwellings.

N CALM

This ISD framework consists of the consideration of subjective and objective issues for both individual and collective perspectives and will be introduced and discussed in the weekly lectures.

Wind rose in Geelong. Annual performance in morning.

Source: Bureau of Meteorology (2020)

45

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY INTEGRAL SUSTAINABLE DESIGN FRAMEWORK [ISD] This environmental design team will implement the Integral Sustainable Design framework [ISD] as an complementary support in the design studio.

It offers a powerful conceptual framework for sustainable designers through the four main perspectives of behaviours, systems, experiences and cultures.

The ISD framework will be integrated in weekly lectures setting the basis of environmental analysis and design applied in the development of housing projects.

Reference: DeKay, M. (2011) Integral Sustainable Design: Transformative Perspectives. London: Routledge.

The four quadrants of Integral Theory with their concerns and value criteria. Source: DeKay (2011)

Exploded axo-detail of Rosemoor studio. Source: Haptic London (2020)

46

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY CLASSES: ENVIRONMENTAL LECTURE SERIES WEEKLY [10.00am - 11.00am]

Design Studio is supported by environmental-related lecture series and talks weekly.

Week

Class + Studio

Design Studio Learning Activities

[*] WAM time allocation

Class* Studio*

Sustainable+Tech Lectures

1 Class + Studio Introduction Project Brief: Co-housing 1 0 Introduction to Integral Sustainable Design 2 Class + Studio Housing design charrette 1 2 What does sustainability look like?

3 Class + Studio The Urban Game: Climate, Place-Making & Dwelling 1 2 Environmental site analysis 4 Presentation Review Review 1 [20%] Preliminary Design phase 0 4 Review 1 [20%] Preliminary Design phase 5 Class + Studio Programmatic Assemblage: Dwellers & the Art of Inhabitation 1 0 Lifestyle and ecological footprint 6 Class + Studio Dwelling Configuration: Stacking and Linking 1 0 Geometric requirements for natural lighting & vent.

7 Class + Studio Dwelling Types: Modularity and Variation 1 2 Integration of biocapacity 8 Class + Studio Construction Systems: Envelope & Climatic Control 1 2 Behind the façade: Thermal and visual comfort 9 Presentation Review Review 2 [30%] Design Development phase 0 4 Review 2 [30%] Design Development phase 10 Class + Studio The Tectonics of Detailing 1 0 Sensory experiences of materials 11 Class + Studio Architectural Curation: Composing & Editing 1 2 Communicating architectural experiences of nature 12

Presentation Review Review 3 [50%] Advanced Design phase 0 4 Review 3 [50%] Advanced Design phase

[*] WAM time allocation 9 allocation 9 22

TIME ALLOCATION OF CLASSES IN SRD763 UNIT - TERM 1 2020

Type/Stream Day Lectures Start/End Campus Room Class (lectures) Thu 2x 10:00-12:50 Waterfront D4.303

Dr Astrid Roetzel Roetzel Thu Lectures on Sustainable+Tech 10:00-11.00 Waterfront D4.303 D4.303

Dr Cristian Suau & guest lectures Thu lectures on Architecture Design 11:00-12:50 Waterfront D4.303

47

Type/Stream

Day Start/End

Campus

Location Location

Class (lectures)

Thu

Waterfront Waterfront

D4.303 (Costa LT Mon to Thu)

10:00-12:50

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY TERM 1 2020

PART 5.

LITERATURE COHOUSING ARCHITECTURE Future Living Forms Unit Chair Dr Cristian Suau, Senior Lecturer in Architectural Design

48

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY LITERATURE THEORY High recommended Alexander, C (1985) The Production of Houses. Oxford: Oxford University Press Bachelard, B. (1994) The Poetics of Space. Boston: Beacon Press Fathy, H. (1986) Natural Energy and Vernacular Architecture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press Hertzberger, H. (2000) Space and Architecture. Rotterdam: NAI010 Publishers Pallasmaa, J. (2005) The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Papanek, V. (1971) Design for the Real World: Human Ecology and Social Change. New York: Pantheon Books Rasmussen, S. (1964) Experiencing Architecture. Massachusetts: MIT Press Smithson, A. & P. (1994) Changing the Art of Inhabitation. London: Artemis Zumthor, P. (2010) Thinking Architecture. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag AG DWELLINGS High recommended Boyd, R. (1988) The Australia’s Home. Its Origins, Builders and Occupiers. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press Deplazes , A.(2008) Constructing Architecture: Materials, Processes, Structures. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag AG Delaney, M. & Gorman, A. (2015) Studio Craft & Technique: The Architecture Student's Handbook. London: Laurence King Publishing EUROPAN: https://www.europan-europe.eu Fernández A. & Arpa J. (2007) Density Projects. Vitoria: A+T Ediciones Fernández A. & Arpa J. (2007) D Book: Density, Data, Diagrams and Dwellings, Vitoria, A+T Ediciones Ferre, A. (2010) Total Housing. Barcelona: ACTAR Gehl, J. (1996) The Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space. Copenhagen: Danish Architectural Press Habraken, J. (1998) The Structure of the Ordinary. Cambridge: London, MIT Press Heckmann, O. & Schneider, F. (2012) Floor Plan Manual Housing. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag AG Leupen, B. (2011) Housing Design. Rotterdam: NAI010 publishers Mozas, J. (2007) D Book: Density, Data, Diagrams, Dwellings. Madrid: A + T Smithson, A. & P. (2004) From the House of the Future to a House of Today. Rotterdam: 010 Publishers Rapoport, A. (1969) House Form and Culture. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Till, J. & Schneider T (2007) Flexible Housing. London: Architectural Press

49

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY LITERATURE URBANISM High recommended Boyd, R. (1960) The Australian Ugliness. Melbourne: The text publishing Melbourne Colin, R. & Fred, K. (1997) Collage City. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag AG Koolhaas, R. (1978) Delirious New York. London: Thames & Hudson Lefebvre, H. (1973) Towards an Architecture of Enjoyment. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press Lynch, K. (1960) The Image of the City. Massachusetts: MIT Press Mostafavi, M. & Doherty, G. (2009) Ecological Urbanism, Why Ecological Urbanism? Boston: Harvard University GSD & Lars Müller Mumford, L. (1961) The City in History, London, Secker & Warburg, 1961 Norberg-Schultz, C. (1980) Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture, New York, Rizzoli

ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY High recommended Allen, E. & Rand, P. (2016) Architectural Detailing: Function, Constructibility, Aesthetics. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Ching, F. (2014) Building Construction Illustrated. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Hegger, M., Auch, V., Fuchs, M., & Rosenkranz, T. (2006) Construction Materials Manual. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag AG Herzog, W., Krippner, T. & Lang, R. (2018) Facade Construction Manual. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag AG Hugues, T. (2004) Timber Construction: Details, Products, Case studies. Bassel: Birkhauser (Edition Detail) Kaltenbach, F. (2004) Translucent Materials: Glass, Plastics, Metals. Bassel: Birkhauser (Edition Detail) Herzog, T. & Nattener, J. (2004) Timber Construction Manual. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag AG Mc Morrough, J. (2006) Materials, Structures and Standards. Massachusetts: Rockford Publishers MacDonald, A. (2001) Structure and Architecture. New York: Architectural Press Schittich, C., Staib, G., Balkow, D., Schuler, M. & Sobek, W. (2008) Glass Construction Manual. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag AG Silver, P. Mc Lean, W. (2013) Introduction to Architectural Technology. London: Laurence King publishing

50

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY LITERATURE USEFUL LINKS High recommended EUROPAN: https://www.europan-europe.eu EUROPAN 14: https://issuu.com/europaneurope/docs/14-results_catalogue EUROPAN 13: https://issuu.com/europaneurope/docs/e13-results_catalogue_79c422b9693b18 EUROPAN 12: https://www.europan-europe.eu/en/publications/europan-12-results EUROPAN 11: https://www.europan-europe.eu/en/publications/europan-11-results Flexible housing: http://www.afewthoughts.co.uk/flexiblehousing/ Collective housing atlas: https://collectivehousingatlas.net/ Wohnmodelle: http://www.wohnmodelle.at/index.php?id=90,81,0,0,1,0 Living Closer: https://issuu.com/studioweave/docs/living_closer_for_online_sharing_re Investigations in Collective Forms: https://library.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/maki-entire.pdf Australian Architects Declare Climate & Biodiversity Emergency: https://au.architectsdeclare.com Climate statistics of Geelong: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_087117.shtml Draft Social Housing Plan 2018 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2041: https://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/yoursay/item/8d762b2e84b6e81.aspx Victorian Government's Social Housing Investment Program: https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/victorian-social-housing-growth-fund Housing options in Victoria: https://www.housing.vic.gov.au/housing-options [a] Social housing: https://www.housing.vic.gov.au/social-housing [b] community housing: https://www.housing.vic.gov.au/community-housing [c] movable units: https://www.housing.vic.gov.au/designs-costs-and-transfers#design [d] crisis & emergency accommodation: https://www.housing.vic.gov.au/crisis-emergency-accommodation Co-housing Australia: http://communities.org.au 51

Poster, Geelong by Bus. Source: City of Geelong

52

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY TERM 1 2020

PART 6.

STUDY AREAS CHOSEN SITES COHOUSING ARCHITECTURE Future Living Forms Unit Chair Dr Cristian Suau, Senior Lecturer in Architectural Design

53

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY STUDY AREA AND INTERVENTION SITES The site information includes detailed visual documents on the Geelong city -study areas and chosen sites- supported by digitalised maps, pictures and relevant documentation required for the design development.

Information is available on the Master link to assist and offer students a complete view of the selected sites. It contains the following high-quality digitalised imagery and CAD maps: [a] Aerial pictures of 3 study areas [x3] [b] Plans of intervention sites [x3]: - Satellite/aerial views showing the study areas and intervention sites - CAD map showing the study areas and intervention sites - Street views showing the main site features of intervention sites

Le proje LOCALISATION

sociaux 3 ensem à Mulho

Balcon

LOCALISATION N1 Le projet

A

Chambre 1

N2a

Chambre 2

Salle de bain Balcon

Balcon

A

LL

Balcon

SL

N1

Chambre 2

Salle de bain FRI

N

LL

LV +16.50

SURFACE UTILE 1.22

2.39

1.22

(m2) 14,07

+11.56

2.39

246.42

2.39

Entrée

+14.63

Pignon file 1

2.58

14,07 51,17

Chambre 2 Séjour - Cuisine

+11.56

246.42

86,47 1,94

Séjour - Cuisine Jardin d'hiver Balcon TOTAL

51,17 23,77 22,73 86,47

+5.78

243.53

2.59

Pignon file 19 EST &

2.58

8,15

Salle de bain

TOTAL WC

+8.67

2.59

246.42

2.59

+2.89

240.64

+5.78

243.53

Jardin UTILISABLE d'hiver SURFACE

23,77 132,97

+/-0.00 +2.89

237.75

22,73

Balcon

240.64

rideau d'ombrage

Balcon

2.39

2.59

rideau d'ombrage

+8.67

246.42

2.84

rideau d'ombrage

2.39

2.59

rideau d'ombrage

9,57 1,94

rideau d'ombrage

rideau d'ombrage

Jardin d'hiver

GAZ

Séjour - Cuisine

1,57 8,15

WC Chambre 1

14.56

rideau d'ombrage

Séjour - Cuisine

Entrée

2.39

SalleDégagement de bain

rideau d'ombrage

Jardin d'hiver

+14.63

SURFACE UTILISABLE

132,97

niveau

2.59

1.22

2.39

2.84

SURFACE Chambre 2 UTILE 1.22

rideau d'ombrage

GAZ

LV

GAZ

T3 - SIMPLEX 59 dwellings, Jardins Neppert, Mulhouse by Lacaton & Vassal (2015) N2a

6.00

H

A

N2b N2b

A

N2b

N2a

-3.00

.34.75

F

A

N2b

F

A

Coupe file 19 EST

GN1

A

GN1

Coupe file 19 EST N1

A

6.00

N2a

6.00

H

N1

5

6.00

5

5.55

2

A

1

5.55

2T3 - SIMPLEX 0

-3.00

A

1

N2a

+/-0.00

237.75

.34.75

2.64

Balcon

0

Balcon

9,57

14.56

FRI

Balcon

1,57

Chambre 1 +16.50

N

2.39

rideau d'ombrage

Séjour - Cuisine

T3 - SIMPLEX

2.39

2.39

SL

LV

Entrée

(m2)

2.39

Dégagement

2.64

LV

GAZ FRI

rideau d'ombrage

LL

Entrée

1.22

rideau d'ombrage

FRI

Jardin d'hiver

1.22

2.39

SL

Jardin d'hiver

N2b

SL

LL

Séjour - Cuisine

N2b

A

Chambre 1

N2a

Chambre 2

Salle de bain

term Laen démarc - créer d s’inscriven supérie manifeste société d’H - donne SURFACE UTILE enintermé termes - créer des de celle Dégagement supérieure Chambre 1 habitati - donner d Chambre 2 d’usage SURFACE UTILE intermédia Salle de bain deambian celles d Dégagement WC - faire é Chambre 1 habitation Séjour - Cuisine Chambre 2 prinle les d’usage, Salle de bain TOTAL ambiance individu WC - faire évo Jardinextérieu d'hiver Séjour - Cuisine les princip Balcon - optimi TOTAL individuell rapport SURFACE UTILIS p Jardinextérieur d'hiver trouver Balcon - optimise àUTILISAB la réa rapport àl SURFACE possible trouver un à la réalisa possibles.

Les log N1

A

N1

Chambre 2

Salle de bain

société

LOCALISATION

Chambre 1

Chambre 1

La démc sociaux pr s’inscriv 3 manifes ensemb à Mulhous

LOCALISATION

E

54 E

N1 N1

Les logem logeme niveau et traversa logements supérie traversant + 50%) supérieure N2b + Les 50%)séjo systéma Les séjour N2b

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

COHOUSING ARCHITECTURE Geelong City study areas + intervention sites 55

CENTRAL GEELONG STATION INTERVENTION SITE 2

NORTH GEELONG STATION INTERVENTION SITE 1

SOUTH GEELONG STATION INTERVENTION SITE 3

Source: NearMap (2020)

GEELONG CITY

56

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

COHOUSING ARCHITECTURE North Geelong station Coordinates -38.122515, 144.351768 -38° 7’ 21”, 144° 21’ 6”

study area + intervention site 57

88m

4840m2 55m

Source: NearMap (2020)

58

4840m2

88m

55m

59

Source: NearMap (2020)

Panorama <01> North Geelong, intervention site. Source: Suau (2020)

Panorama <02> North Geelong, intervention site. Source: Suau (2020) Panorama <03> North Geelong, intervention site. Source: Suau (2020)

60

View <02> Pedestrian tunnel. Source: Suau (2020)

View <01> Car park lot. Source: Suau (2020)

61

View <03> Train platform. Source: Suau (2020)

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

COHOUSING ARCHITECTURE Central Geelong station Coordinates -38.142111, 144.354991 -38° 8' 32", 144° 21' 18"

study area + intervention site 62

2

m

5016 2

Source: NearMap (2020)

63

2

m 5016

m 5 .

4 10

48m

2

Source: NearMap (2020)

64

View <02> Alleyway. Source: Suau (2020)

View <01> landmark. Source: Suau (2020)

65

View <03> Silos. Source: Suau (2020)

Panorama <01> Central Geelong, intervention site. Source: Suau (2020)

Panorama <02> Central Geelong, intervention site. Source: Suau (2020) Panorama <03> Central Geelong, intervention site. Source: .Suau (2020)

66

SRD763 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MASTER STUDIO A SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

COHOUSING ARCHITECTURE South Geelong station Coordinates 38.159819, 144.359168 -38° 9’ 35”, 144° 21’ 33”

study area + intervention site 67

4800m 2

Source: NearMap (2020)

68

4800m 2

48m

100m

Source: NearMap (2020)

69

View <02> Alleyway. Source: Suau (2020)

View <01> Alleyway. Source: Suau (2020)

View <03> Front gardens. Source: Suau (2020)

70

Panorama <01> South Geelong, intervention site. Source: Suau (2020)

Panorama <02> South Geelong, intervention site. Source: Suau (2020) Panorama <03> South Geelong, intervention site. Source: Suau (2020)

71

Cohousing is an intentional community, created and run by its residents, where each household has a selfcontained, private home as well as shared community spaces and facilities.

72