MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING "NORTH OF 60"
by
Ken Johnson, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. Earth Tech Canada Edmonton, Alberta ken.johnson@earthtech.ca Originally published in the Canadian Civil Engineer, 1992
A Unique View Living "North of 60" presents a unique view of our Nation too few Canadians have the opportunity to see. However, a lot of Canadians would rather not experience minus 45 degrees C with winds at 20 to 30 kilometre per hour. As an engineer working "North of 60" the experience is memorable, from a personal point of view and a professional point of view. Travels "North of 60" in Canada may take one to Beaver Creek in the west, and Iqaluit (Frobisher Bay) in the east. On a national perspective this is all the way across Canada, considering Beaver Creek lies well west of Vancouver Island, and Iqaluit lies almost as far east as New Brunswick. Municipal engineering "North of 60" provides some very unique working conditions, as well as engineering conditions. The working conditions include extended periods of daylight and darkness, extended periods of travel, and extreme cold temperatures. The engineers working on municipal projects in the north are a fairly small group, so we are often running into each other in our travels. Any engineer with more that a couple of continuous years working "North of 60" may be considered "well seasoned", and those with 10 to 15 years of working experience may be considered "old timers". The engineering conditions of municipal engineering "North of 60" are unique in comparison to those in the south because these conditions are often pushed to the extreme. Frost penetration, where there is not permafrost, may extend 3.5 to 4.0 metres into the ground. Material supply and delivery is very often controlled by the opportunity window of either an ice road, or sealift, depending upon the location of the project. Construction is also controlled by the very short opportunity window called summer (June through September). Project Scheduling The scheduling of a project is an important aspect of municipal engineering "North of 60". A realistic timeframe for many projects may be a four to five year period. The first year of a project schedule is utilized for project planning. This is a necessary, but often time consuming and expensive step to establish the necessary lines of communication between the various groups involved in the project, and to refine the project needs, and project resources. The time and expenses are due to the isolation of project site, and the cultural differences of the project