Building Science Project 2

BUILDING SCIENCE II [BLD 61303 / ARC 3413] Project 2: Lighting Integration Project Name: Cryslyn Tan Zhia Lyn Student ID: 0324249 Tutor: Mr. Edwin

Contents 1. Intoduction 1.1 Intoduction to Community Library, South Klang 2. Lighting analysis and execution 2.1 Daylight factor analysis 2.2 Site response strategies 2.3 Artificial Lighting factor analysis 2.4 Space A – Cooking studio 2.4.1 Daylight factor calculation 2.4.2 Artificial lighting factor calculation 2.4.3 PSALI scheme 2.5 Space B – Reading area 2.5.1 Artificial lighting proposal 2.5.2 PSALI scheme 3. References

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1.0 Introduction 1.1

Introduction to The community library

This community library in South Klang aims to revitalize it by building a stronger sense of community between the elderly and the youth. This common node for both users would allow interaction and the sharing of experiences which in return builds a youthful and lively energy to the site. The main focus of the library are the programs where the community expresses and bond among one another bringing them together through the exchange of experiences.

As the aim is to connect the age groups, connection in all aspects are to be considered including visual connection. Solid and voids are utilized in the building allowing for people to catch glimpses of another space while walking. With these voids, it also allows the sun to penetrate through the building allowing passive design strategies of lighting that envelopes the mask of spaces, which will be discussed further.

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Ground floor plan

First floor plan 3

Second floor plan

Third floor plan 4

2.0 Light analysis and execution 2.1

Daylight Factor Analysis

Where, Ei = Illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoor working plane Eo = The unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance, average day light level in Malaysia (EH) is assumed to be 20000 lux A standard sky is assumed to give a minimum level of illuminance on the ground.

According to MS1525, Daylight factor distribution are as below:

Natural calculator:

illumination

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2.2

Site response strategies

9a.m, 1st July 2018 Orientation of the library is of eastwest which maximizes the light entering the building. East faรงade has maximum exposure in the morning.

1pm, 1st July 2018 In the afternoon, the sun is right above, causing the shadow casted on the building to be limited. Light pouring in could cause glare. This could be solved by filtering the light before it enters the space.

5pm, 1st July 2018 In the evening, sun now penetrates the building through the front faรงade.

There are no high rise buildings to block the sun that enters. Metal louvres were incorporated to prevent much glare of the sun entering the building.

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2.3

Artificial light factor analysis

Lumen method Lumen method is a SI unit for luminous flux and is also another method of measurement of the light emitting from a source in a room. This sort of calculations can be done by measuring the lighting in the space based on the number of lighting fixtures. A conclusion can be drawn whether there is suitable lighting in the room.

N = number of lamps required E = Illuminance required (lux) A = Area at working plane height (m²) F = Average luminous flux from each lamp (lm) UF = Utilization factors, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and room surface MF = Maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of the deterioration and dirt Room Index Room index, RI, is the ratio of the room plan area to half wall area between the working and luminaire planes.

L = Length of room W = Width of room Hm = Mounting height (m) of the vertical distance between the working plane and the luminaire

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2.4

Space A – Cooking Studio 2.4.1 Daylight Factor Analysis

The cooking workshop is located on the first floor where the youth and elderly get together to teach other new recipes. Lighting is very important at this space as user need to be careful of what they are doing. It is located at the edge of the front of the library with a large window opening out to the street view, making it well-lit during the day. According to MS1525 and JKR guidelines, a workshop should have a illumination level of 300 to ensure users have comfort as well as safety while utilizing the workshop.

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Daylighting calculation Floor area (m²) Area of windows (W, m²)

172.9 L = 6.1 H = 2.8 6.1 x 3.1 = 18.91 Total area of internal surfaces L = 25.8 (A, m²) W = 6.7 H = 3.2 = 2(25.8 x 6.7) + 2(25.8 x 3.2) + 2(6.7 x 3.2) = 345.72 + 165.12 + 42.88 = 553.7 Transmittance corrected for dirt 0.6 (Double glazed window in clean environment) (T) Visible sky angle in degrees 30 from the centre of the window (θ) Average reflectance of Space A 0.4 (R) Average Daylight factpr (DF)

=

18.91 553.7

đ?‘‹

0.6đ?‘Ľ30 (1−0.4)

= 1.02% With a daylight factor of 1.02% it falls into the category of ‘fair’ according to MS1525’s regulations.

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Daylight contour of cooking workshop. It can be see that the area nearest to the windows exposed to sunlight is very bright compared to the areas behind. The sides are also fairly lit due to the glass and metal louvres. However, it is not as bright as it is not facing directly at the sun.

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2.4.2

Artificial lighting factor calculation

Luminaire Type of fixture Image of fixture

LED Luminaire

Size 45cm Type of luminous Neutral white Luminous flux (lm) 3100 Power (W) 26 Colour temperature (K) 4000 Colour rendering index 80 Average life rate (hours) 30000 Dimensions of room (m) L = 25.8, W = 6.7 Total floor area (m²) 172.9 Height of ceiling (m) 3.2 Type of light fixture LED Luminaire Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 3100 Height of luminaires (m) 3.2 Height of working plane (m) 1.0 Mounting height (Hm) 3.2 – 1.0 = 2.2 Standard illumination required according to 300 (Workshop) MS1525 and JKR Reflectance factor Ceiling (White plastered ceiling) = 0.7 Wall (White polished concrete) = 0.5 Floor (Cement floor) = 0.15 đ??żđ?‘Ľđ?‘Š Room Index, RI (K) đ?‘…đ??ź = đ??ťđ?‘š đ?‘Ľ (đ??ż + đ?‘Š) =

172.9 2.2 đ?‘Ľ 32.5

= 2.4 11

Utilization factor, UF Maintenance factor, MF Number of fittings required, N

0.62 0.8 đ?‘ =

=

đ??¸đ?‘Ľđ??´ đ??š đ?‘Ľ đ?‘ˆđ??š đ?‘Ľ đ?‘€đ??š

300 đ?‘Ľ 172.9 2600 đ?‘Ľ 0.6 đ?‘Ľ 0.8

= 41.56 Fitting layout

= 42 fittings Smax = 1.0 x Hm = 1.0 x 2.2 = 2.2m Distance between lights not greater than 2.2m

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2.4.3

PSALI

Window

The cooking workshop has a total of 42 LED luminaires with a 3 x 14 arrangement to achieve the MS1525 requirement of 300 lux. This sufficient illuminance will allow the activities to be done effectively.

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Window

The lights are divided into two circuits which are in an alternating sequence. As this space need sufficient lighting, during the day, the red circuit is switched on. This allows the low lux areas to have sufficient brightness. At night, as this space can be used for night events, both the red and yellow circuit would be turned on.

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2.5

Space B – Discussion room 2.5.1 Artificial lighting factor calculation

The private discussion room is situated on the second floor away from both the front and back facades to ensure a very quiet and private discussion room. This causes the daylight factor to be poor and it is necessary for artificial lighting to ensure comfort and efficiency. The interior artificial lighting must be in accordance to MS1525 and JKR guidelines to ensure comfort in activity to comply with comfort when carrying out duty (reading, meeting, etc.) within.

Daylight contour of reading room, poor rating 15

Luminaire Type of fixture Image of fixture

Tubular fluorescent light

Size 80 Type of luminous Neutral white Luminous flux (lm) 2600 Power (W) 36 Colour temperature (K) 2900 Colour rendering index 80 Average life rate (hours) 25000 Dimensions of room (m) L = 6.5, W = 3.1 Total floor area (m²) 20.15 Height of ceiling (m) 3.2 Type of light fixture Tubular fluorescent light Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 2600 Height of luminaires (m) 3.1 Height of working plane (m) 0.7 Mounting height (Hm) 3.1 – 0.7 = 2.4 Standard illumination required according to 300 MS1525 and JKR Reflectance factor Ceiling (White plastered ceiling) = 0.7 Wall (White polished concrete) = 0.5 Floor (Cement floor) = 0.15 đ??żđ?‘Ľđ?‘Š Room Index, RI (K) đ?‘…đ??ź = đ??ťđ?‘š đ?‘Ľ (đ??ż + đ?‘Š) =

Utilization factor, UF

20.15 2.4 đ?‘Ľ 9.6

= 0.87 0.41 16

Maintenance factor, MF Number of fittings required, N

0.8 đ?‘ = =

đ??¸đ?‘Ľđ??´ đ??š đ?‘Ľ đ?‘ˆđ??š đ?‘Ľ đ?‘€đ??š

300 đ?‘Ľ 20.15 2600 đ?‘Ľ 0.41 đ?‘Ľ 0.8

= 7.1 Fitting layout

= 7 fittings Smax = 1.5 x Hm = 1.5 x 2.4 = 3.6 = 3m Distance between lights not greater than 3m

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2.5.2 PSALI

The private discussion room has a total of 8 tubular fluorescent tubes with a 2 x 4 arrangement to achieve the MS1525 requirement of 300 lux. This sufficient illuminance will allow the activities to be done effectively.

The lights are divided into two circuits where one focuses on the middle and one focuses on the sides. Although the lights have to be turned on whenever the room is in use, day or evening, users have the option to have it dimmer or brighter based on what activity they are doing. Example, if they want to show a power point, they could turn off the yellow circuits to make it more conducive. As this floor is not 24 hours, the lights would be turned off at night.

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3.0 References 1. Daylighting Performance and Design, 2nd Edition http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471262994.html 2. http://www.lightingassociates.org/i/u/2127806/f/tech_sheets/natural_lightin g.pdf 3. Artificial Lighting, Jens Pohl http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781444392333.ch8/summary 4. https://www.waldmann.com/home/office/products/suspended_luminaires/i dooline_single_luminiare~ff8081815105673301511aa1dea52c3d.en.html

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