Diabetes and Health 22 by Redakcja Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

CUKRZYCA A ZDROWIE

MEDICAL MAGAZINE

P6/22/8PA ISSN 1427-048 BARWY ZDROWIA

Pursue your dream

TABLE OF CONTENTS CURIOUS NEWS

4 4

Remedy for hoarseness

Fructose - sweet exsposure to memory medical problems

page 12

CURRENT ISSUE

5 - 7

Pursue your dream

page 4 OUR GET TOGETHERS

Lyrically, healthilly and thoughtfully

DIABETES DICTIONARY page 14

Attidues to pricking USEFUL TO KNOW

page 20-24

15 - 18 Diabetes foot prophylaxis HEALTHY EATING

20 - 24 Carbohydrates and diabetes oriented diet READERâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;S PAGES

26 - 28 Letter to editorial team page 15-18 page 31-35

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

TABLE OF CONTENTS page 37U S E F U L T O K N O W

29 Some words of advice to those diabetics

who perform winter sports C O M P E T I T I O N

31 - 35 Competition

page 43-45

S O ME T H I N G A B O U T H E A L T H

36 Slender adults prove to stand favourable fat 37 - 38 Vaccinations againts seasonal influ

page 32-35 LIVING DIABETES

page 50-51

39 Alfa-diary alphabet FOR THOSE WHO ARE EAGER FOR THE WORLD

page 29

40 - 42 History of medicine facts part 4 OUR WORLD

43 - 45 Egg of Columbus

page 52-54

46 - 48 A journey to the capital of cardoon page 36

50 - 51 Alcohol and Diabetes 52 - 54 Yawing

page 40-42 FEUILLETON page 46-48

55 - 56 A cup of little black in the morning 2

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

page 55-56

„DIABETES AND HEALTH” MAGAZINE EDITORIAL UNIT The publisher: University of Diabetes PSD ZW in Białystok Editors’ address: Warszawska Street 23, 15-062 Białystok Tel. 085 741 57 01, tel/fax 085 732 99 74 e-mail: pol_stow_diabetykow@wp.pl www.cukrzycaazdrowie.pl General editor: Danuta Maria Roszkowska Sekretarz redakcji: Katarzyna Kakowska In cooperation with our editors: mgr Edyta Adamska prof. dr hab. Maria Borawska prof. dr hab. n. med. ewa otto-Buczkowska Anna Danilewicz Marek dolecki dr n. med. joanna Filipowska mgr Małgorzata Frąś dr n. med. Hanna Bachórzewska-gajewska mgr wiesława Gołąbek prof. dr hab. n. med. Maria górska prof. dr hab. n. med. ida kinalska dr n. med. Małgorzata korolczuk-zarachowicz mgr Bogumiła ławniczak Janusz Niczyporowicz mgr Jolanta Obidzińska Renata Saniewska prof. dr hab. n. med. jacek Sieradzki Anastazja Szachowicz Ewa Szarkowska Lucyna Szepiel prof. dr hab. n. med. Małgorzata Szelachowska prof. dr hab. n. med. Mirosława urban Wojciech Wojszko Anna Worowska dr n. med. Halina wójcik Tłumaczenie z języka angielskiego: mgr Michał iwańczuk mgr Urszula Tarasewicz Tłumaczenie z języka hiszpańskiego: Marcin Szachowicz CUKRZYCA

fot. www.stock.xchng

A ZDROWIE

The edition of this magazine has been financially supported by Governmental Disabled Persons Rehabilitation Fund

We introduce reprints for didactic and educational purposes based on regulations of legislative articles , 25, 26, 29, 33, and 49 in section 2 of copyright laws and related laws act dated 4.02.1994. (DzU* of 23.02.1994, no. 24, entry 83) and generally accepted editorial usages. • Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland

The mystics of the East pre-

saged their contemporaries: -

Do not speak before you

think, guard yourself against windiness, otherwise you dishearten people around you! The message, throughout these ages and ages, has remained as secure as it was, most likely in the belief that inane verbosity – whether it is in private or takes place in media in impudent form – has become our magical realism, as if universal means for life, especially for this share of it we are not able to contend with. We use torrents of words to deaden ignorance, negligence, any of inadequacies. And, we lose something important, we lose our insight and asset of self-preservation, for the world and all its dimensions bears influence on our body and mind, on the life force flow. An evil word is the key to “the door of the land of crisis”, engenders conflicts, prompts predicaments and ruins relationships and health of any involved. After all, health is the core and essence of life. In view of that, we need to make every effort to uphold sense of balance facing one’s own mistakes and faults of others. Hence, it must be vital to learn how to keep distance to what appears adverse in life, to be able to simply take a walk then, or to invite someone for a friendly get-together. Admittedly it is not any spectacular act, but braces awareness of unity, when on a strength of one single smile we may open to amity towards us ourselves, towards people and the world. Fairly possibly, it might give ground to love – the feeling that fulfils well-being, is the source of geniality and the fund... of healthiness.

Danuta Maria Roszkowska Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

CURIOUS NEWS

A REMEDY FOR HOARSENESS LEMON – Health promoting properties: The fruit furthers assimilation of iron, what adds to red cells volume in blood. It stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone – thyroxin – one that smoothes the progress of fat burning. Drinking lemon water relieves heart ailments, pulmonary infections, bronchial infectivities, intestinal contagions, arterial hyper pressure, or brittle nails if only. 100g of lemon features: Zinc–0,025mg, Calcium-25mg, Phosphorus-14mg, Magnesium-6mg, Iron-0,4mg, Sodium-1mg 1 100g of lemon embodies: Vitamin A-2mg, Vitamin B1-0,02mg, Vitamin B2-0,01mg Vitamin PP-0,1mg, Vitamin C-31mg Calorific value: 24kcal and 100kj Lemon club soda - Preparation guide: We can cut the fruit in slices and place the pieces in a glass of water. Instead, one can use lemon juice, mix it with water and stir with a spoonful of sugar. The beverage is meant to be drunk in answer to sickness and febris. Do you know that: - Any most bountiful serving of food can be washed down from the stomach on the strength of lemon juice. - Husky voice can be rinsed and cured by means of some beetroot juice blended with an ounce of vinegar or lemon.

The source: www.lekmedia.ehost.pl

Fructose – sweet exposure to memory medical problems

n Melchior Wańkowicz time “sugar invigorated” people, now it becomes more and more obvious that the substance is more than unfavourable. There is another of examples. The scientists of the Georgia State University in the USA revealed, that fructose, the compound we consume in fairly great share, can damage memory.

o far, the fact has been established in trials on rats. None the less the results are distressing enough to hesitate before we open another can of a beverage. During the experiment, the animals were abundantly fed with the sugar, and as a result were not able to memorise the location so as to win through out of the water pool they were in.

The Source: www.slodkiezycie.pl

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

he researchers assume, that it was fructose decomposition products, namely fats down in liver, that perturbed brain learning functions. Fructose, consumed before only in form of fresh fruit, now is technologically added to food in massive scale.

CURRENT ISSUE

Pursue your dream Is a diabetes experienced person thought to hide somewhere underground and vegetate there the moment he or she receives the diagnosis?

ince the very childhood he or she fantasized of voyages via exotic lands, his or her vagrancies. Kids of the kind read “The life and adventures of Robinson Crusoe”, “The Book of Jungle” or anything, that affords them imaginational journeys to places they have never been to. Thus, they follow the voice of their dreams. Just like Jacek Łuczek, who happened to be interviewed on an occasion, when he admitted that travelling is his obsession. And, all of a sudden, he had to acknowledge another fact, namely his body set off to go up against! Comprehensive examinations gave no ground to have doubts. You prove diabetes syndrome – a doctor sentenced. A sentence? No, the diagnosis might change my life, Jacek arrived at the conclusion. At any rate, he was not willing to be waiting his dreams to come true then in the far future of retirement. What did he do one may ask? – Eight months passed the day of the medical judgment and he set out on a solitary tour to Nepal. - I had been preparing for half a year, training in gym, seeking advice from people who already were there, reading books and ushers. All the trip was organised by me myself, so I managed to reach all the aims. By now, he has visited India, Thailand, Ecuador. At the moment, he plans to go to see Uruguay in a little while. Conceivably, Jacek will also meet his ambition to ride Africa on his motorcycle. In addition, he professionally occupied himself with photography and counselling on diabetes. He is starved for a new challenge.

an it be expectations of all diabetes patients? Can they not set sights on this or another career, thanks to which they would be able to fulfil themselves? If diabetes is welladjusted and balanced, then it does not foil one’s work and self-realization. Quite the reverse. It can not be a found of discrimination in respect of vocation. Indeed, there are disciplines diabetes individuals can not aspire in accordance with law and regulations. Also, the very medicine directives suggest counter indications. None the less, the limitations and restraints do not have to mean, that one is to renounce a profession. A diabetes person can be as good, able-bodied and creative a worker as anyone else, for the disease is not a concern of mental impairment, is not infectious and does not prompt to turn fire alarm hooters on.

here are a few brief life-sketches of diabetes experienced individuals, who happened to face up to the disease and stand world-wide known figures as: Lech Wałęsa - the President of the Polish Republic in 1990-1995, the laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, Maria Fołtyn - an opera singer and a motion picture director, Zbigniew Hołdys - a musician and a vocalist, Michał Jeliński - a Polish sportsman, an Olympian champion in Beijing, a fourfold world champion in men’s quadruple sculling (2005, 2006, 2007, 2009), Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

CURRENT ISSUE Dorota Kośmicka - a TV and movie producer, one of co-authors of such series as: “The Nanny”, “Camera Café”, or “Kasia i Tomek”. In 1887 she was selected an “Elle” Personality of the Year, in turn 2000 the “Film” magazine ranked her the 12th of most influential movie producers in Poland. She is the first one woman to be so highly regarded in the milieu. At the moment, she engaged herself into TVP productions, which is “Polish emigrants in London”., Andrzej Zaorski - an outstanding actor and director, one who happened to be our interview quest, the dialogue with whom was published on the pages of the “Diabetes and Health” magazine, Marta Wiśniewska - the famous Mandaryna – a Polish dancer, choreographer, actress, dance music vocalist, a promoter of culture by graduation. For more of instances, those amongst worldfamed idols are: Angelina Jolie, Sharon Stone, Elizabeth Taylor, to quote other distinguished diabetes persons such as Edison, Puccini, Hemingway.

evertheless, there are life stories of people, who meet their drama. I heard of a young man, who was taught to be “an invalid” and that useless “to suit dregs of society”. He made some steps and got hold of just right for him a job, however the then trial period was completed. The employers were contented and offered him a contract “for an unspecified time”. The youth declared he was well-prepared, he would not let down etc. All what he was to ensure was a medical check-up... there at a diabetological clinic. He consulted a doctor and was back at work but to find it out that the contract was as equal as the litter in the bin. The company owners pronounced him incapable, as if he was about to be a lorry driver, sea diver, miner, steelworker, pilot, or a an engine driver of an electric traction, or even a ... confectioner!

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

f the occupation the young was supposed to handle necessitated more than earnest intellectual concentration, just as it is critical for an air traffic control officer, a marksman, or a pilot of F16, the medical advisory board would disqualify him as immediately as it is possible. If the persons in charge concluded, that the terms of employment were specifically demanding, they could ask certificates to ascertain the fact, whether the candidate suffered hypoglycaemia he was not aware of , or not. Nothing of the kind!.

here is another story in order to illustrate the problem. A representative of a quite known insurance company beguiled his potential clients with sensationally attractive offers of life policies, which were to pair minimal contributions with maximal profits, namely he leaned to promise them earth and moon. And, there was an occasion, when he was to close a sale with a family, but then the father of the relations spoke it out, that admittedly he is diabetes type 2 diagnosed, but it is not plague, cholera or this or that beriberi. This was the moment the agent was resolute to lose any of his enthusiasm, swept his advertising brochures and took leave far less than gentlemanly. What was revealed out of these circulars was the minute printed annotation, that diabetes matched the same category as plague. Certainly, this marginal note was meant to be tiny in type, so as an insured person was bound to fail to notice it, what prompted charging rather than recovering. Who is it of us to attach to an insurance, that renders one to be paying an indemnity instead of receiving incomes?.

s it a degree of discrimination? Yes, in 100%! Apart from the limitations imposed on professions a diabetic may opt for, there should be options he or she is free to decide on – claims dr Zofia Ruprecht from the Endocrinology and Diabetology Clinic of the Collegium Medicum in the Toruń Nicolaus Copernicus University. The doctor, a diabetes related consultant, she recommends these vocations, which are more of headwork char-

CURRENT ISSUE acter, than physical effort in question. Diabetes patients have no alternative, but to compromise own preferences with their responsibility of sugar screening. Then, the workplace is thought to provide the space so as one is able to self-examine blood sugar intensities, feel uninhibited to conduct insulin injections or have a necessary bite of food. Also, a person who would be an assistance in case of a serious hypoglycaemia emergency is very important either. It is sensible to sound it out with a would-be supervisor ( some tease others that the best situation is when the very boss is a diabetes person himself).

f at all possible, the working hours are advised to be hard and fast, it is what exacts sugar control more reliable. Then again, shift work or flexible hours is not an unacceptable choice, but more arduous in respect of time organisation. Is it doable to accommodate diabetes treatment and in-between meals with working hours? One can turn to a personal doctor, who should be competent enough to prescribe insulin customized to the life one leads. For instance, insulin analogues and analogue combinations might be an answer against classical insulin medicines, for the fact they are evenly liberated throughout all day long. The analogues resist and counteract hypoglycaemia episodes, that is seriously dangerous blood glucose downgrades. These analogue medicaments relieve quality of life as they allow to be able to reduce daily food intakes. The drugs perform short peak, so concentration of analogue insulin quickly narrows to basic reading, and additional meals and snacks can be forgotten. Now then, breaks at work are resolved. Furthermore, analogues are handy indeed, they absorb at once and can be injected straight before a meal (there is not a requisite of 30-45 minutes waiting from the point of injection to the start-up of eating).

often difficult for them to find a post if they are not educated and experienced. Other than that, those who already work are constantly worried because of the myths, that the disease is thought to be the cause of absenteeism and low labour effectiveness. Whereas, the study show, that well-adjusted diabetes condition translates into efficiency and apposite attendance, what might be explained on the base of discipline the disease exacts.

cientific researches prove, that it is about 20% of insulin-dependent individuals, who conceal the disease. They refuse to be discriminated, as well as they aim to receive promotions. However, there is the other side of the coin. Suppose, an accident at work happens on the weight of losing oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s consciousness, for instance one falls down from a roof, then the employee and employer are both subjected to penal consequences. It is the reason why the employer should know, that he or she provides work for a diabetic.

t is worthwhile to mention, that the Polish Diabetology Association have elaborated relevant documentation on professional activity. They assumed, that diabetes stricken should not be shown prejudice in this social area, even if there are some of professions contraindicated to diabetics. All in all, each one case ought to be considered individual and be adapted. It is absolutely intolerable to treat unfairly and separate diabetes persons at any rate.

here is a few industrial tribunals, that have delivered precedential judgements protecting disabled, for example a sentence ordering a company to reinstate and promote a computer scientist and software engineer, who suffered ... post-accident paresis of hip joint. Janusz Niczyporowicz

he conclusion is that diabetes patients are capable to be working many an influential profession. Regrettably, it is very Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

OUR GET TOGETHERS

Lyrically, healthily and thoughtfully T

he holiday time has passed and our reopening Thursday Dinner at Diabetics’ was frequented as usual by a teeming circle of guests. There were new faces to congregate with. For the first time, we could host an official delegation of diabetics from Hajnówka.

For the first time, we could host an official delegation of diabetics from Hajnówka

Cooking on stage

here was an affluence of passion in form of an artistic dessert (unsurprisingly “served” before the dinner – since it has been this fiddly tradition of ours) performed by a resident actor Andrzej Petelski. The musician, accompanied by a pianist Romuald Kozakiewicz, sang some ballads of Leonard Cohen, each one of which was a brief exemplary story on feelings, human dimensions that do not afford easy or happy life, none the less important. It is no wonder, that Petelski moved by the lyrics was not any eager to attend “cooking pots”, whereas it was the subsequent role appointed to him.

hankfully, the food preparation was headed by the undisputed mistress of our regional art of cuisine – Arleta Żynel. To mention it, she ran a prominent restaurant “Arsenal” to develop that competent to be the person in charge of the European Trade of Chiefs now. As soon as during the recital of Andrzej Petelski, she was sprightly enough to stir a dish here or season it there. This was the way she managed the first course smoothly and discreetly. Andrzej Petelski accompanied by Romuald Kozakiewicz served us the artistic dessert

Izabella Piotrowska, the Chairman of the Polish Podiatry Association, explaining what adequate foot nursing is

he food was homely, penny-wise, save for palatable and healthful in one. The moment Petelski has completed his repertoire he was requested to achieve a chore of whipping egg white. He was fortunate to be provided with a blender, so he could handle it fairly effortlessly. The froth was intended to make plum pancake with. As expected, the pies were fried by the chief in command Arleta Żynel. .

Not just niceties

he idea of Thursday Dinners at Diabetics’ is not only entertainment and sharing good food in amiable atmosphere. The principal point of our get-togethers is educational service, namely lectures on health problems diabetes persons challenge in everyday life. Once again, the syndrome of diabetes foot was a central theme, introduced by Izabella Piotrowska, the Chairman of the Polish Podiatry Association, so as to enable diabetes patients to understand this so far unfamiliar discipline of both medicine and cosmetology. Doma

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

Dariusz Król, the ZEPTER Manager for the Region and Andrzej Petelski heartened by the mistress of our regional art of cuisine.

DIABETES DICTIONARY In August 2008, the American Association of Diabetology Educators have published the report on diabetes therapies based on injections. The source of the data was a survey, that provided statistics of 502 insulin-dependent diabetes persons and 301 doctors who attend this group of patients, among whom there were 101 general practitioners, 100 endocrinologists and 100 diabetes consultants who promote knowledge of the disease.

Attitudes to

One third (33%) of insulin-dependent patients are afraid of the injections.

pricking Forty seven percent (47%) of diabetes patients, whose therapies are dependent on insulin injections, would be more willing to apply the hormone systematically if there was an agent available in the market that could alleviate pain and discomfort the infusions engender.

Eighty three percent (83%) of patients treated with insulin injections would like to reduce the daily number of the hormone jabs they are necessitated to do. The source: www.slodkiezycie.pl

14 14

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

USEFUL TO KNOW

Diabetes foot prophylaxis I

t exasperates to some extent, that polish medic publications recommend preventive and counteract measures against diabetes foot, whereas do not offer actual guidance how patients are to manage it. In fact, those in need can not expect qualified assistance till the moment their feet necessitate medical attention in emergency departments. The diabetes experienced admit it, that the specialists are rather unwilling to scrutinise their body underneath.

ry 4-6 weeks conformably to degenerative changes. o far, the profession has not been instituted in Poland yet. It is one of the reasons why the Polish Podiatry Association was found. The principal ambition of the organization is broadening of people awareness and culture of diabetes foot treatment.

dmittedly, prophylaxis of diabetes foot condition is advocated, but addressed to people in still good a shape, while the share of persons, who already suffer from angiopathy and neuropathy, are not provided with any expertise. And, what does actually foot nursing stand for? It is treatments, that prevent, reduce or defer diabetes health complications..

t is this very gap between intuitional tending of feet and basic requisite of medical approach which gave ground to the profession of a podiatric physician. Such a person is a clinic, who contributes knowledge and competence to prophylaxis of pathologies, that arise in the area of feet. The purpose it serves is deliberate reconstruction, recovery and safeguarding of physiological functions of skin and nails. Diabetes individuals ought to receive orderly specialist care eve-

ince there is barely an expert in the field anyone who has been diagnosed with diabetes is well-advised for oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own good to familiarise oneself with the medical facts and clues we try to introduce you with in this article.

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

USEFUL TO KNOW

Lesson 1

Derma of feet â&#x20AC;&#x201C; everyday nursing pooled, it is very important to observe any changes and nurse feet condition on a daily basis.

What should diabetes patients know?

he skin of the feet is the outer layer that safeguards internal body structures against environmental weight of dynamics. It has to be elastic in form to function as it should. The natural source that adds to epidermis suppleness is sebum produced in sebaceous glands that are located adjacent to hair follicles. Because the plantar skin of the feet does not embody either the follicles or the glands it is therefore more exposed to dryness and loss of plasticity in one. Deficiency of sebum weakens defence mechanisms and leads to frequent skin splits and injuries.

ther of skin damaging factors are bone deformities and abnormalities of muscles and ligaments. These are ones, that effect malposition of feet during walking. The body mass, then in movement, is carried by other than physiologically intended organs. In turn, it affects the defence system and engenders hyperkeratotic papules, namely cornification there where feet is most pressurised. Altogether, blood circulatory and lymphatic disorders may be part of the syndrome..

or the reason that all the complaints mentioned above tend to feature diabetes foot

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

oisturising skin of feet day by day is what helps to maintain its flexibility. The more elastic it is the more loads it endures without any cracks. In opposition to the counselling published vaseline is not suitable to treat feet dryness. When spread on the skin it coats it in very thick film what hampers perspiration. Then, the epidermis deposits of useless water affect its cells. Appling vaseline sooner or later causes dehydration.

ffective moisturising preparations are those that comprise urea for instance. It is one of active bio agents, that stimulate and uphold moisture in tissues. Also, it enhances regenerative skin function increasing its exfoliation what prevents against ruptures. In addition, it relieves itching sensation and does not prompt allergy for it is naturally innate substance skin produces itself. Mo-

USEFUL TO KNOW roll, what might be disturbing for sensitive and close tight toes. Hence, it is better to employ disinfecting agents on oils, for example tea tree lubricates.

Lesson 2

Hyperkeratosis – ignored malefactor

reover, on the strength of tiny molecules it can penetrate and soften even coarse corns.

he intensity of urea is what we have to take into consideration. 5-10% concentration is optimal to anyone. In turn, strength of 15% affords keratolytic effects (emollient ones). We do caution against higher urea potencies.

he cosmetics meant for feet should be applied there except the interdigital areas. These are places, where moisture is privileged, then extra moisture may lead to athlete foot (mycosis). Powders and talc appear fairly practical in this instance, however they clump and

he keratodermia term stands for focal overgrowth of horny epidermis layer. As it was already pointed out, it develops from distort feet position during pacing. The body mass gravitation is coped by not up to it organs. T hen the skin triggers defence mechanisms in form of crude, perceptible, yellow i sh corns. In most cases, it takes place on instep and toes’ sides, what often is related to transversely fallen arches. It is what we call callus. Typical locations are also side part of the fifth toe and dorsal part of the others. It comes to pass alongside so called hammer toes, where the deformed interphalangeal joints are liable to abrasion and cornification. Another feet spot is heels, what more often than not sets off down to unsuitable shoes and inappropriate nursing. To sum it up, another of locations might be nail ridges that happen to be irritated by plates of nails.

The most frequent mistake is to remove corns in invasive a manner. Losing “protective layer” skin starts to produce still Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

USEFUL TO KNOW more of it and worsens it further on. The layers in excess overlap one another what generates hard rigid cornification. To conclude it all hyperkeratosis is not only cosmetic a problem.

he question whether we remove corns adequately or in surplus to requirements can be satisfied just in front of particular cases. Therefore, it is better not to be doing this single-handedly. Especially, when we are to use sharp tools, such as razors. Invasiveness in the practice ends with pain and stinging in exacerbated cornification process.

he best of alternatives is to turn and trust a podiatric surgeon who will be competent enough to extract callus skin and will explain how to manage it at home.

re in feet. Then the skin becomes drier and drier because so undernourished. Defence reactions are prejudiced what may result in chronic infections and wounds.

orns on such weakened and thin skin are very dangerous, especially when soft tissues underneath are pressurised. Haemorrhage have their effect and prompt ulceration.

nterventions of corn removing should be exacted every 4 or 6 weeks depending on skin condition. In any case and event, diabetes patients need to nurse their feet systematically and mindfully.

What should the diabetes concerned know? Cardiovascular complexities that link up with diabetes mellitus render blood circulation and immune responsiveness impaired, particularly the18

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

Izabella Piotrowska - prezes Polskiego Stowarzyszenia Podologicznego, wĹ&#x201A;aĹ&#x203A;ciciel Satin SGK Konsultacje: Katarzyna RozmysĹ&#x201A;owicz - specjalista podolog Satin SGK

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

HEALTHY EATING

CARBOHYDRATES and diabetes oriented DIET

Carbohydrates, named also sugars, are organic compounds that constitute nutritive share of diet. The composites are to be found in many a product of consumption (mainly vegetable) in form of simple sugars, disaccharides, starch or inassimilable fibre. BiIn respect of particle structure carbohydrates are classified as follows: • simple sugars (monosaccharides), among which fructose, galactose, mannose, fructose • complex carbohydrates: oligosaccharides, among those saccharose, lactose, maltose • polysaccharides, among which starch, glycogen, cellulose, inulin, dextrin.

Edyta Adamska, specjalista dietetyk

se concentration in blood serum is termed hyperglycaemia. Glucose can be derived from fruit juices or honey and is one of ingredients of beet sugar, lactose, starch or glycogen.

Fructose (fruit sugar) is converted into glucose

in liver and intestines. It is to be found in honey, fruit juices, or is known as a component of saccharose (cane sugar).

Sachcarose (glucose + fructose, sucrose), in

Glucose

(grape sugar) is the most essential of sugars, for whole host of carbohydrates is absorbed down in blood in form of glucose or is converted into it in liver. Glucose is a bio chemical element all other sugars are composed of (glycogen, ribose, galactose). Also, it is an indispensable source of energy in tissues and foetus. In case of diabetes patients, surplus gluco20

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

larger proportions is to be found in sugar cane, beet sugar, some fruit (pineapple) and vegetables (e.g. carrot). Saccharose may be subjected to mildly acid hydrolyse to produce so called invert sugar. It is a focal ingredient of artificial honey and of 50% sugars embedded in jams, juices and confitures. Deficiency of saccharose enzyme there in intestines exacts disorders of saccharose absorption, what manifests with flatulence and diarrhoea.

HEALTHY EATING

Lactose

(glucose + galactose), accepted as milk sugar, as it is to be found in dairy. Insufficiency of lactase enzyme triggers disorders of lactose absorption, what manifests with distension with gas and purging..

Maltose

(glucose + glucose, malt sugar), in greater quantities it can be found in malt (in cereal grain, in barley in particular), it is employed in baby-food production, dietetic food manufacturing, brewing industry, alcoholdistilling industry, bakery commerce.

Polysaccharides

zare built out of hundreds or even thousands of simple sugar molecules.

Starch

staccounts for vegetable reserve material. Produce like corn comprises 80% of it, cereal grain 75%, potatoes 20%. Some quantities can be found in vegetable and nuts. Raw starch is too heavy to be digested, therefore it must be thermically processed (cooking, roasting etc). Temperature prompts starch to decompose into dextrines that assimilate easier and enclose 30 molecules of glucose. In turn, dextrines are to be found in bread, toasts, cakes.

Glycogen

s is emergency material animals use. It is generated chiefly from glucose, stored in liver and kidneys in aim to cover potential glucose deficiencies. .

Carbohydrates answer for the central source of energy people expend. All the assimilable carbohydrates are decomposed in the alimentary tract into simple sugars. Digested and absorbed in form of glucose undergo CO2 and H2O oxidising. Glucose penetration via cell membrane is supported on the strength of insulin, the hormone secreted in pancreas beta cells. 1 gram of carbohydrates burnt delivers 4 kcal. Either, carbohydrates are necessary agents needed in processes of fat acid oxidation. If there is less than 100g daily of them supplied fat acids break incomplete, what results in intoxication by ketone bodies. Just as the saying goes: “fats burn in the fire of carbohydrates”. Glucose can be spent on current basis or can be amassed as reserves. Human body system stores slight amounts of carbohydrates, on average 350-450g,

what does not stand even 1% of human body weight. The reserve resource more often than not takes form of glucagon and is accumulated in liver, muscles, kidneys or in traces in blood serum, whereas lasts for merely 12 hours per 2800 cal daily requirement.. Glucose is a vital source of energy nervous system and red blood cells utilize. Brain of an adult individual necessitates about 140g of glucose a day, whereas red blood cells alone 40g. If the demand can not be satisfied then liver releases emergency glucagon (process of glycogenesis). Also, body system is able to synthesise glucose out of proteins ( glycogenic aminoacids) and partly by means of fats (glycerol of triglycerides via process of glyconeogenesis). Hence, we can protect proteins supplying satisfactory amounts of carbohydrates and fats. On the other hand, excess of carbohydrates consumed is converted into triglycerides that amass in adipose tissue leading to obesity.

arbohydrates are the most effortless and fastexpended “fuel” we use, which one fact means that they have predominant effect on blood glucose fluctuation. To add, type of carbohydrates is equally important as amounts that happen to be conCukrzyca a Zdrowie

HEALTHY EATING

he diabetes persons treated on insulin (particularly diabetes type 1 patients who do not generate insulin at all) require to be adapting dosages of insulin proportionally to CU received. ailed charts of carbohydrate exchange units are avatilable in Diabetology Clinics.

ne may accept as true, that having provided 1 slice of bread or 1/3 of bread roll he or she can expect identical glucose upsurges. It is not that straightforward. Different carbohydrates stand different rate of absorption. Consequently, there has been another classification resolved, namely glycemic index, one that determines tempo of product absorpsumed. For optimal dietetic outcomes diabetes patients are thought to select and monitor eat and drink they decide on. In aim to render it possible the concept of carbohydrate exchange unit (CU) has been established. Now, 1 carbohydrate exchange unit is such a portion of food, that delivers 10g of assimilable carbohydrates. For instance, 1 CU is: 1 slice of bread of 20g 1/3 wheat bread roll 1/5 wholemeal bread roll

ny of the products exampled above serves 10g carbohydrates. The situation when a person feels like a wholemeal bread roll he or she needs to realise that the piece is 5CU (50g of sugars), what translates into 5 slices of bread.. tion in relation to glucose absorption. Lower value of GI indicates lower past-meal glyceamia. It was assumed, that GI of glucose is as much as value of 100. Products that prove less than 50 are meant low GI, those of 50-70 to be standard GI, while all over 70 are graded as high GI. The pace how fast a product is absorbed and correlating to it GI is dependent on other various factors, such as degree of fruit ripeness, methods of food processing employed, presence and composition of food fibre, cell membrane degradation extent (e.g. attributable to cooking). This subject matter was introduced in broader measure in one of previous issues of our magazine, so we narrow down examples to those that below:

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

HEALTHY EATING

Product GI Baguette, wheat bread roll 95 ± 15 Pumpernickel bread 50 ± 4 Potatoes boiled 35 min 88 ± 9 Boiled rice 64 ± 7 Parboiled rice 47 ± 3 Carrot juice 43 ± 3 Boiled carrot from 49 ± 2 (depending on the time span of cooking) to 92 ± 20 Raw carrot 16

n accordance with recommendations of the Polish Diabetology Association (PDA) carbohydrates should cover 45-50% of daily energy requirements given diabetes patients happen to prove. For instance, 2000 kcal daily energy need ought to be fulfilled with 900-1000 kcal in carbohydrates. If we know, that burnt 1g calculates into 4 kcal, then we understand that 900-1000 kcal is 4 kcal=225-250g of

daily carbohydrates, which is some about 22-25 CU (10g=1CU).

he PDA advocate it either, that it is supposed to be carbohydrates of low glycemic index (GI<50). In turn, simple carbohydrates are meant to be reduced to minimum, even to zero if possible. Altogether, such a conduct of dietetic treatment affords body mass normalized and metabolic adjustment achievable.

The text and the recipe: Edyta Adamska Diet specialist

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

HEALTHY EATING

Turkey fillets and mushrooms 1½ cut alongside turkey fillet (ab. 100g) Salt and freshly ground pepper ½ spoonful of olive oil 50g shredded mushrooms (wild or farm ones) 20g chopped onion 1 crushed clove of garlic 1 spoon of fresh thyme or ¼ spoonful of the dried herb 60 ml low-fat milk ½ spoonful of corn flour 30ml white dry wine A pinch of nutmeg ½ spoon of breadcrumbs blended with ½ spoon of grated parmesan cheese 1 spoonful of cut parsley FIt is advised to pound meat to square it to 0,5cm. Then it is time to season it with salt and pepper. In next step we grill it in the oven or fry it on a grill pan. Using a pan we stew mushrooms, onions and garlic to be soft. The meat fillet is now meant to be placed in a baking tin and covered with mushrooms and herbs. In a separate saucepan we mix milk and flour, what is to be met with wine. This sauce should be enhanced with nutmeg and slowly boiled being stirred as long as it turns syrupy. Then we coat the fillet with mushrooms, rest it in 180ºC hot oven for 30 minutes till it starts to bubble. And, in a finishing touch, we may sprinkle the dish with some of parsley. Calorific value: around 190 kcal Protein: 26g Carbohydrates: 7g Fat: 5g Saturated fat acids: 2g Sodium: 0,1g

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

Dobroczynne działanie kropli TODA Heart of Gold

Gorzów Wlkp. 04.10.2007

O tym jak wspaniale działają krople Toda Heart of Gold przekonałam się na sobie samej i mojej rodzinie. Jako farmaceutka pracująca w zielarstwie od przeszło 15 lat zawsze wierzyłam w dobroczynne działanie ziół i ich wyciągów na organizm człowieka. Ale szczególnie przekonałam się sama na sobie, gdy miałam tzw. stopę miażdżycową i groziła mi amputacja nogi. Towarzyszyła temu schorzeniu arytmia serca - miałam nadciśnienie tętnicze, chorobę wieńcową serca, zapalenie żył głębokich lewej nogi, nawracający wysięk do stawu kolanowego oraz zawał mięśnia sercowego. Mając chorą stopę na tle miażdżycowym byłam przez 3 miesiące na lekach przeciwbólowych. Dojście do przystanku MPK(300 metrów) było dla mnie dużym problemem. Zastosowanie w/w kropli i równoczesne picie oryginalnej chińskiej czerwonej herbaty(2 litry dziennie) spowodowało wielką ulgę już po 7 dniach, a po 14 ból ustąpił całkowicie i bezpowrotnie. Mogę chodzić na wysokim obcasie i wykonywać pracę stojącą - pracuję nadal mając 68 lat. Zapalenie żył głębokich, płyn w stawie kolanowym, oraz problemy sercowe ustąpiły całkowicie, a ciśnienie wróciło do normy. Czuję się zupełnie zdrowa, krople biorę nadal już drugi rok, ale w dawce profilaktycznej. Krople Heart of Gold zostały zastosowane u mojego kuzyna, który od 20 lat cierpiał na łuszczycę i jest po operacji na BYPASS. Po dwóch miesiącach stosowania łuszczyca ustąpiła. Miejsca po chorobie zagoiły się. Ciśnienie wyrównało się, praca serca się polepszyła. Przed braniem kropli nie mógł zupełnie chodzić. Teraz normalnie odbywa długie wędrówki, prowadzi samochód. Krople te nadal kuzyn bierze. Syn cierpiał na bezsenność - nie pomagały żadne leki. Nie sypiał całymi nocami, był na skraju wyczerpania nerwowego. Ponadto odporność całego organizmu zmalała - częste przeziębienia, anginy. Po 3 dniach przyjmowania kropli wrócił sen, praca serca zaczęła się wyrównywać, odporność wzrosła. Krople te syn bierze nadal. Preparat firmy Toda zastosowała również sąsiadka, której puchły nogi i cierpiała na zapalenie żył i stawów, ustawiczne bóle głowy i nadciśnienie tętnicze. Chodzenie było dla niej wielkim problemem. Po 7 dniach stosowania objawy chorobowe zaczęły ustępować, a po 3 miesiącach lekarz prowadzący odstawił wszystkie leki, które dotąd stosowała. Z całego serca dziękuję panu Tadeuszowi Miszczakowi i doktorowi Markowi Pawlusowi za pomoc w odzyskaniu zdrowia mojego i w/w osób. mgr farm. Bogusława Bednarek Cukrzyca CukrzycaaaZdrowie Zdrowie

25 25

letter to editorial team

READERS PAGES

t was quite a while before I realized what a disease diabetes is. Well, I did know how deceitful it is, that it necessitates self-discipline, that it exacts one’s lifestyle revolutionized, whether it is culinary preferences or leisure first choices. Nonetheless, it was somewhere there but beyond me. The moment I heard my colleague is a diabetic I learned one more truth that the ailment is not written on the face or body. nd, it was then when I happened to receive an issue of your magazine. I studied the pages. Now, I am a regular reader and have familiarised with the knowledge you offer. I understand, that diabetes is a plague scale syndrome, that we all need to be particular about diet and lead active life as much as it is possible. Certainly, it can not be achieved effortlessly, it calls for perseverance and will-power. This is the reason why I am fulfilled with regards towards those diabetes patients who manage self-examination and self-discipline.

Redakcja:

26 26

Dear Editorial Team

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

Strona Czytelnika-Diabetyka Redakcja „Cukrzyca a Zdrowie” ul. Warszawska 23 15-062 Białystok

hat I am most concerned about at the present is the conduct of my co-worker – he does not screen blood sugar intensities, does not take medicines, has not adjusted eating patterns so far. I did attempt to talk with him, but in vain. None the less, I still encourage him and suggest reading the “Diabetes and Health”. Perhaps, he will arrive at the conclusion, that it is more than rewarding to live diabetes for long quality years. The essential idea is to develop a command of the disease. Whereas mature motivation is the first instance to start with. Kasia

The author of the letter has been awarded by the Editorial Team With a set of FARMONA natural beauty cosmetics

USEFUL TO KNOW

SOME WORDS OF ADVICE TO THOSE DIABETICS WHO PERFORM WINTER SPORTS • Frequent sugar screening managed in precise a manner is most impor tant of principles. It is the way to monitor blood sugar intensities so as to be apt to adjust insulin pump measures. • There is necessity to prepare a reserve of carbohydrates that will match BE (grape sugar) and “sport” BE, as the latter of which should relieve physical effort.

• Naturally, winter time is the season of snow and ice. It is the reason why one ought to carry one’s pomp secure on the body. There is many a place we can rest it on. • It is recommended to use soft containers, it can not be hard plastic packaging with a snap fastener for example.

• We have to be aware that the pump frame might be the cause of serio us injuries in case one trips on the run. • Likewise, glucometer device is not low temperatures proof. This why we need to keep it warm close to body, but easy available. •

Blood sugar should be tested away from cold and wind, not there on the slope.

• Reduced serving of insulin is supposed to remain for a few hours past a tour. Suppose, one has plans to spend the evening dancing and ha ving alcohol, then it is sensible to continue downgrading insulin doses. The Source: Diabetes Live

C O M P E T I T O N Program Edukacyjny „Świadomy Diabetyk” Drukujemy już drugi kupon konkursowy w Programie Edukacyjnym „Świadomy Diabetyk” i wciąż serdecznie zachęcamy Państwa do wspólnej przygody – tak jak w poprzednim numerze Państwo zapoznają się z poniżej zamieszczonym materiałem edukacyjnym, wytną umieszczony poniżej kupon konkursowy, odpowiedzą na znajdujące się na nim pytania, dotyczące zagadnień poruszanych w artykule, uzupełnią swoje dane i wyślą do nas na adres:

Redakcja „Cukrzyca a Zdrowie”, ul. Warszawska 23 15-062 Białystok Z dopiskiem „KONKURS” Za poprawnie udzielone odpowiedzi my wyślemy na podany przez Państwa adres glukometr DIAGOMAT firmy DIAGNOSIS Sp. z o.o. Wśród Uczestników, którzy nadeślą odpowiedzi na pytania zawarte w 3 kolejnych wydaniach magazynu medycznego „Cukrzyca a Zdrowie” rozlosujemy 3 aparaty do pomiaru ciśnienia krwi marki AND, model 631.

SERDECZNIE ZAPRASZAMY DO UDZIAŁU !!!

PYTANIA KONKURSOWE

1. Wymiennik węglowodanowy określa ilość:

a) węglowodanów

b) kalorii

c) glukozy we krwi

2. Indeks glikemiczny określa:

a) ilość wchłanianych węglowodanów b) tempo wchłaniania węglowodanów c) ciśnienie tętnicze krwi

3. Ładunek glikemiczny określa: a) obecność i skład błonnika pokarmowego b) stopień rozdrobnienia produktu c) tempo oraz ilość wchłanianych węglowodanów IMIĘ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ NAZWISKO ADRES

..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

KUPON KONKURSOWY 2

W materiale edukacyjnym tym razem zajmujemy się zagadnieniem diety – uznając, że w szerokim znaczeniu słowo samokontrola dla diabetyka oznacza również przestrzeganie odpowiedniej diety, przekazujemy Państwu raz jeszcze najważniejsze kwestie w tym zakresie, wciąż wierząc, że cukrzyca jest chorobą, z którą można prowadzić długie, dobre życie. Trzeba jednak wiedzieć jak to robić – konsekwentna, właściwa samokontrola, znajomość zasad zdrowego odżywiania, aktywność fizyczna, to tylko kilka ważnych kwestii, które determinują jakość życia diabetyka i możliwość „radzenia” sobie z chorobą w codziennym życiu. Wyłącznym sponsorem naszego programu edukacyjnego jest firma DIAGNOSIS Sp. z o. o.

C O M P E T I T O N Diet is an essential feature in diabetes treatments. Observing dietetic recommendations, active with pharmacotherapy, promotes metabolic levelling. In conclusion, understanding of recommended guides furthers adequate changes in diet. We differentiate food into 3 leading nutritive groups. Namely: proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Undoubtedly, carbohydrates - the colloquial sugars - render strategic impacts on glucose in blood. For many years, we relied on this categorization, that carbohydrates divide into Monosaccharides – simple ones, and Polysaccharides – compound ones, what goes in accordance with their chemical structures. Glucose and fructose (which may mainly be found in honey and fruit) belong to the simple carbohydrates. In turn, the compound carbohydrates share two next subgroups: disaccharides ( among them lactose „milk sugar” and saccharose – „table sugar”, which is constituted of glucose and fructose we use in everyday life) and polysaccharides (for instance starch, which we can find in

Diet glycemic index and dietary glycemic load potatoes and cereals). Another category of carbohydrates is their adoptiveness - starch and fructose are those, that get assimilated, but dietary fibre does not. For blood glucose intensity stays in close relation to carbohydrates, sugars to be exact, diabetes diet must be strictly controlled in this respect, both in quality and in quantum.

KUPON KONKURSOWY 2

Skrócony Regulamin Programu Edukacyjnego „Świadomy Diabetyk”

• Regulamin Programu Edukacyjnego „Świadomy Diabetyk” zwany w dalszej części „Regulaminem” określa warunki, zasady uczestnictwa oraz nagrody w Programie Edukacyjnym „Świadomy Diabetyk”, zwanym dalej w treści Regulaminu „Programem”. • Program jest przeznaczony dla Uczestników posiadających dostęp do czasopisma zawierającego zestaw pytań i kupon konkursowy, lub dostęp do strony organizatora www.cukrzycaazdrowie.pl, gdzie dostępny jest kupon konkursowy. • W trzech wydaniach czasopisma „Cukrzyca a Zdrowie”, ukazujących się w okresie realizacji Programu drukowane są zestawy pytań. Każdy zestaw zawiera 3 pytania nawiązujące do informacji zawartych w treści danego numeru czasopisma „Cukrzyca a Zdrowie”. • Uczestnicy obowiązani są udzielić odpowiedzi na wszystkie pytania zawarte w danym numerze czasopisma i umieszczenie odpowiedzi na kuponie konkursowym, który należy wysyłać na adres Organizatora: Redakcja „Cukrzyca a Zdrowie” ul. Warszawska 23, 15-062 Białystok. Poprawnie wypełniony kupon konkursowy musi zawierać również dane osobowe niezbędne do przesłania nagrody. Odpowiedzi będą przyjmowane w terminie od września 2009 r. do końca marca 2010 r. Decydująca jest data wpływu kuponu konkursowego do Organizatora. • Nagrodą za dostarczenie na adres Redakcji w terminie od września 2009 r. do końca marca 2010 r. kuponu konkursowego z poprawnymi odpowiedziami na pytania z wybranego numeru magazynu medycznego „Cukrzyca a Zdrowie” jest aparat do pomiaru stężenia glukozy we krwi DIAGOMAT, który zostanie wysłany do Uczestnika Programu w ciągu 14 dni od daty jego zakończenia. Jeden Uczestnik może otrzymać tylko jeden aparat do pomiaru stężenia glukozy we krwi DIAGOMAT w trakcie trwania całego Programu, niezależnie od liczby przesłanych kuponów konkursowych. • Wśród Uczestników, którzy nadeślą odpowiedzi na pytania zawarte w 3 kolejnych wydaniach magazynu medycznego „Cukrzyca a Zdrowie” zostaną rozlosowane 3 aparaty do pomiaru ciśnienia krwi marki AND, model UA-631. • Losowanie aparatów nastąpi w ciągu 14 dni od zakończenia Programu, a lista laureatów, którzy wylosowali ciśnieniomierze zostanie opublikowana w kolejnym numerze magazynu medycznego „Cukrzyca a Zdrowie” i na stronie Organizatora www.cukrzycaazdrowie.pl, aparaty zostaną wysłane do laureatów w ciągu 14 dni od daty losowania. • Biorąc udział w Programie, Uczestnicy wyrażają zgodę na zbieranie i przetwarzanie podanych danych osobowych przez Organizatora w celach promocyjno-marketingowych związanych z Programem, zgodnie z Ustawą o ochronie danych z dnia 29 sierpnia 1997 r. Uczestnikom Programu przysługuje prawo wglądu do swoich danych i ich poprawiania. • Pełen Regulamin Programu jest dostępny w siedzibie Organizatora oraz na stronie internetowej www.cukrzycaazdrowie.pl. Podpis Uczestnika Programu Edukacyjnego.....................................................................................

KUPON KONKURSOWY 2

C O M P E T I T O N

o as to be able to prescribe quantity of carbohydrates, the term carbohydrate exchange unit (UE) was established. 1UE is such an amount of a product, that embodies 10 nutritive carbohydrates. To illustrate it, 1 slice of bread is 1 UE, that means it contains 10 sugars, 1/3 of wheat roll is also 1CU, so the whole roll is 3CU (30g of carbohydrates), 1/5 of mix cereal roll is again 1CU, then the whole mix bread roll is up to 5CU (50g of carbohydrates!!!!). However these years, we concentrate more on carbohydrate effects on glycaemia levels. Now to say, carbohydrates can be digested and assimilated at various tempos. Some of them get absorbed so rapidly, that they engender rampant levels of sugars in blood, other ones get assimilated more slowly and for this fact glycaemia levels will be increasing gradually i n consequence, a new classification of carbohydrates was born, that is glycemic index (GI), one that defines what a tempo of absorbing is. Hence, carbohydrate products have been divided into 3 groups: - Of high GI>70, so called galloping carbohydrates; - Of average GI = 55-70, called marching carbohydrates; - Of low GI< 55, called crawling carbohydrates. ii iiIiiiiiiiiiiii

guminous plants, fruit, vegetable, barley or oat) generate gels in alimentary tract, which function like physical barrier retarding digesting enzymes; the non-soluble fibre fractions (mainly cellulose and lignin) have scarce bearing on stomach emptying and are not recognized to influence digestion and absorbing of carbohydrates; therefore high fibre diet does not have to be low IG one. • Degree of product fragmentation, its loosening and cell walls’ structures degradation, e.g. as a result of temperature power that directs the product to digesting enzymes; for instance starch swells during cooking and this makes it easier to be managed by enzymes. • Company of other different nutritive ingredients in the product; proteins, fats, organic acids, pectin, tannins and phytic acids, all curb digesting of starch.

t has been accepted, that glucose is IG 100. Wheat roll is IG 95, so in conclusion it gets absorbed as fast as pure glucose. IG of cooked carrot is agreed 45-90, carrot juice around 40, but raw carrot is just as 16-30. So, what does arise from the differences? We need to understand, that there is a lot of dynamics, that influence IG: • Quantity and classis of carbohydrates • Degree of fruit ripeness • Methods of food processing • Meals eaten before a product consumption; a meal of low IG may cause lesser glucose upsurge that one that follows the next meal, so called the second meal effect. • Presence and composition of dietary fibre; its fractions that can dissolve in water (ones derived from le-

o sum up, vegetables and fruit are built of cells. In the course of cooking and temperature cell membranes turn damaged, what prompts digesting quicker and fastens absorbing. The longer we cook the more ruin we cause in the membranes. Therefore carrot stands the disparities in GI’s. If we cook longer and longer the GI will be amplifying. The rule applies to any cooked products. Likewise, pasta should be prepared al dente (semi-hard). A good fashion of making food is steam-cooking. Membranes of ready-made juices are mechanically broken. So, if products do not require boiling, we ought to opt it raw to force our bodies “to work”, before carbohydrates are digested and absorbed. Similarly, we practise rice. Highly purified or flakes’ types will be assimilated faster than brown rice, which is less processed. GI of wheat bread is 70-95, when wholegrain or rye bread only 56. Glycemic index also behaves accordingly to the ripeness of fruit, more mature are digested easier. A fully grown banana (yellow) can approximate to GI 70, while a green one 52.. Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

C O M P E T I T O N gars in blood what might appear correct to our surprise, what in turn we misinterpret it we are allowed to eat the products. In these circumstances, due to so rapid an absorption (so high GI), it is unusually difficult to capture glycaemia by “do it yourself” method, and altogether the carbohydrates e.g. wheat roll ones might be gone already. The question is how far had glucose reached earlier on?

lycemic index specifies just the tempo of absorption, does not identify amounts. It is not a perfect indicator. Exempli gratia, glycaemia index of chocolate is around 43, whereas it does not mean we should be eager to eat it, as for it carries ample of sugars. The low GI in this case is justified by presence of fats, that slacken the quickness of absorption. A conclusion we can draw is that chocolate is not a friend of hypoglycaemia, which is the situation when we have to elevate blood glucose the soonest as it is possible. In order to be capable to precise blood glucose increasing even better, another term has been originated, namely glycemic load (GL). It assesses both the rapidity of absorbing and amounts of carbohydrates. We can calculate it using the formula given:

hy not to have a try and find out the glycemic load of some products, what is meant to serve to exemplify different ways of glucose boost. Water melon to begin. Its IG is 72. For this reason carbohydrates get absorbed swiftly. However, a 100 g water melon portion is merely 8g of carbohydrates. Water melon GL = (72 x 8) : 100 = 5,76. Water melon GL comes to 5,76. What does it stand for? Carbohydrates will get assimilated quickly, but the level of glucose in blood will not rise high for that contain of carbohydrates. Now, banana, suppose we pick some 200 g banana, not much ripened. Banana GL = (52 x 40) : 100 = 20,80 We shall analyze it. The IG is low, yet it stands 40 g of carbohydrates, still they will be absorbed quite slowly, again glucose will sustain fairly longer thanks to the carbohydrates. Wheat roll as the next one example. Wheat roll GL = (95 x 30) : 100 = 28,50. How high will be the glucose upgrowth? We know we are at dispose of 30 g of carbohydrates which must get assimilated as if pure glucose (IG 95), so the level of glucose should grow fast and high (for much of carbohydrate substance). After 2 hours later on we control su32

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

e need to pay the attention, that consuming products of high IG may bring the outcome of an “after meal” hypoglycaemia. Principally among the insulin-dependent. It is when insulin-reception peaks (after 1,5 – 2 hours among users of fast-proceeding structural analogs), but all contents of alimentary canal had been absorbed before. For diabetes of type 2, the moment when their insulin releasing is still on, the situation may be comparable, it is when the very pancreas, as if “provoked” by rapid glucose growth in blood liberates too much of insulin. oes it not happen that hypoglycaemia starts straight after meal? It may call for an association what the then GI was? Or the other way round – 2 hours after meal the glycaemia level is normal, whereas it exceeds the norm before next one meal instead. It might have been too low an GI, but in company of carbohydrates volume, does this combination prove that glucose will grow slow yet high for a longer period of time? Have we not ignored the glycemic load again? Brochures and the charts, that determine carbohydrates’ contents per products (with the tables of carbohydrates’ analogs) are available in almost all diabetes outposts. They improve also to provide publications on glycemic index and load of food products. Moreover, at times we manage to introduce complete dishes and courses menus with their glycemic index and load characteristics. If we are in command of GI and CU, then in simple way we can measure GL. A bit more complicated is glycemic index identification, when we meet several products in one meal (because a product of low GL may make another product absorption slower, that is one GL may change another GL in interaction, that is when digested together). With no hesitation, I do enco-

C O M P E T I T O N urage for a visit at dieteticianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, who is to satisfy safely your particular questions. n appreciation to many a scientist work from all over the world, we can familiarize how certain products influence glucose activity, we can understand furthermore our 24-hour glycemic profile and its variations.

The table: Values of IG and GL (glycemic index and glycemic load) of given products based on international IG and GL tables: 2002(Foster-Powell K., Holt S.H.A., Brand-Miller J.)

SOMETHIG ABOUT HEALTH

lender adults prove to stand favourable fat

rown-up persons stand “good” brown fat that effects burning of calories. So far, it has been newborn babies and children assumed to afford the tissue – USA scientists inform on the pages of “The New England Journal”. The finding may appear to be useful to challenge obesity and diabetes type 2 therapies.

part from common preferences to have it less we need fat as it controls distribution of energy and regulate body temperature. There are two different categories of adipose fat, both of which are of different nature. The “bad” one, white in colour, functions as a energy store, wheareas the good one, brown coloured, performs burning of calories and body temperature adjusting.

o this point, researchers have claimed, that adult people do not have much of adipose tissue. However, the scholars of the Joslin Diabetology Centre at Harvard University have managed to ascertain it that adults have also some resources and what is more the reserve is active.

tilo Obesity is a critical medical problem diabetes type 2 patients face. Hence, the authors of the study case encourage to attempt to stimulate the brown fat in order to relieve body weight and metabolism of glucose. “We have discovered that these fat deposits depend not only on age, but also on glucose fluctuation and degree of obesity” – 34

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

Aaron Cypess the head of the investigation explains. besity is a critical medical problem diabetes type 2 patients face. Hence, the authors of the study case encourage to attempt to stimulate the brown fat in order to relieve body weight and metabolism of glucose. “We have discovered that these fat deposits depend not only on age, but also on glucose fluctuation and degree of obesity” – Aaron Cypess the head of the investigation explains.

y means of advanced imagining techniques the scientists determined that the “good” fat accumulates round the neck. They confirmed the fact, that younger persons have it more and its metabolic activity is more intense during cold weather, it is naturally when one has to burn some calories to warm up body. Furthermore, adult people who are slender and prove adequate glucose metabolism afford the fat in greater volume. . The source: www.Onet.pl

SOMETHIG ABOUT HEALTH

VACCINATIONS AGAINST SEASONAL INFLUENZA Seasonal flu vaccines are addressed particularly to the group of the highest risk, namely those individuals whose immune system is understandably exposed, that is the elderly and patients who suffer chronic diseases like cardiovascular disorders, pneumonic complaints or diabetes mellitus - it was the position of the doctors on a press conference in Warsaw.

This percentage of Polish population who do inoculate is negligible in point fact. Even persons from the group of the risk do not greatly. It is the reason why the Federation of Health Care Employers “Porozumienie Zielonogórskie” is agreeable to promote the idea of immunization within the campaign “Introduce yourself with good habits”.. Dr. Hanna Czajka, a doctor of Voivodship Children Hospital of Special Care in Cracow, she reiterated it, that twelve-monthly vaccinating against grippe unmistakably reduces prevalence of serious complications and incidence of decease in the group of the risk.. She emphasized, that the routine should be year on year regular, for flu viruses tend to transmute genetically. Hence, vaccines call for every year adjustments in respect of the gene chemical structures. According to the doctor, all three vaccines available on the market are composed of the same identical strains and by implication are equally effective. Inoculating is supposed to take place at the beginning of a season, whereas any moment in time can be accepted on condition that it comes to pass in aim of prophylaxis – dr Czajka explains. She referred to it,

that in our climate flu rates are to launch in December and increase up to March-April. It has been estimated, that 1 milliard people acquire influenza year in year, among of whom 3-5 million live it through acutely, to add that the share of 3oo500 thousand pass away out of it. The lethal impact of influenza is increasing for the fact our societies are aging. Growing in age is one of the risk factors as it involves chronic diseases more frequent – dr Czajka stressed.. Among the complications flu engenders are: precarious infections of respiratory system what may lead to pneumonia, blood circulation disorders, central nervous system medical problems, reins and liver malfunctions. In line with recommendations of World Health Organisation (WHO) and other medical organisations worldwide it is persons who reached age of 50, women, who plan to become pregnant or are already expecting a child in the course of unsafe months, chronic disease patients, community home residents and health care personnel, who is thought to receive immune system enhancing vaccines. Dr. Czajka clarified, that seasonal vaccine does not save from harm of swine influenza AH1N1. “For the Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

SOMETHIG ABOUT HEALTH time being we need to recourse to decent body hygiene, for instance guarding mouth while sneezing or coughing, refraining oneself from going outdoors while sick and ill, etc. Nonetheless, there are some prospects, that a resourceful pandemic vaccine will enter the market this year”. In opinion of dr. Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko from the Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, patients, who undergo chronic lung diseases, such as bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis, are far more vulnerable to complications flu engenders. Therefore, WHO, various medical associations and the Polish Society of Lung Diseased Patients encourage this group of people to vaccinate on a regular basis. Auspiciously, the elderly has been observed to respond to these vaccines in more than 70% reduction of the health risk they run in terms of incidence and mortality rates. . Regrettably, in Poland statistics show, that it is 6,5 % of asthmatics who take their duty of injections, whereas in Europe it comes to 62%” – one of specialists was to disapprove. While, she assert it, that it is patients who are in good shape, whose medical condition has been achieved in fairly good balance on the strength of pharmaceutical support and expert consultations, that can meet vaccination treatments.. A diabetologist in turn, prof. Waldemar Karnafel from the Medicine University in Warsaw stated, that the diabetes experienced are more susceptible to flu virus infection and decease than those healthful. “The reason behind it is the fact that diabetes stricken have their natural defences impaired and they can not counteract to any of microbes”.

Some of studies confirmed, that in case of diabetes patients the risk of flu incidence is higher in 117% compared to healthy people, while their risk of decease in 90% correspondingly. As a result, the Polish Diabetology Association advise parents to inoculate their children straight since age of 6, as far as family line runs the risk of diabetes mellitus. He made a point of quoting figures, it is 2 million people in Poland who suffer from diabetes plus 4 million who are predisposed and already show some manifestations of the syndrome. In sequence, experts from the European Cardiology Society and equally from Polish Cardiology Society counsel, that persons who experienced a coronary attack, those who undergo coronary artery disease, or other chronic cardiac failures, ought to receive regular vaccine medication, dr Andrzej Ciszewski cited.. In his point of view, it is an unquestionable that acute flu infection may exacerbate inflammation of vessels, what might render atherosclerotic plaque ruptured and effect it in myocardial infraction.. Succinctly, inoculating against influenza safeguards cardio-hospitalized patients from heart infractions and potential loss of life. The source: www.Onet.pl

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

ŻYCIE Z CUKRZYCĄ

Alfabet pamiętnika

Wynurzam się z morza, nieba. Przewracam błękitną kartę „Pamiętnika”.

Słońce gaśnie w ciepłych barwach liści. W popiele i wosku duszy czas kreśli swój inicjał. Myśli łamią się niby gałęzie w ognisku. Niczym dym snuje się niepokój. Przenika do krwi, wypełnia przestrzeń, zasnuwa jej formy i przeobraża je w moje własne. Przemijanie zrumieniło oblicze zieloności i nagle powlekło bladością. W przymrużonych przed wiatrem oczach, zeszklonych niemal źrenicach życia czuwa lęk. Kolejny raz nie jestem na niego gotowa... Promień spojrzenia jest białą drogą w sen. Nie zasnę jednak, ponieważ będę musiała się wybudzać. Znowu. Wyjdę na tę drogę i uczynię mały krok. Ujrzę, jak zalśnią kamienie. Zdobędę wyrazistość spojrzenia bo droga sama w sobie jest znaczeniem, sensem i celem. Skłonię się po jeden drobny kamyk i rzucę go. Nad przepaścią zabrzmi echo, odbite od nieznanej mi obecności, wzdłuż odległej drogi. Nie wiedząc jaką siłą i wiarą pójdę dalej i z braku oddechu poczuję, iż znajduję się na wytycznej swej świadomości i nieświadomości, symulacji otwartości świata, torze słonecznego promienia, który mnie dotyka, mą wiarą w cud wschodu i tchnieniem tęsknoty, snu, w których żyję i poruszam się w przeciwną do jawy stronę. Moja droga jest wpleciona w arterię żył. Jest właściwa tylko dla mnie i przez to ważna. A przecież opada mnie frustracja i żal, refleksją o przemijalności, bezpowrotności. „Pamiętniku” – nikt nie zna jej lepiej od ciebie i nikt nie jest wierniejszy jej wymowie. Scalasz mnie z nią w sobie tak, że szukam pomocy. Wszak moja droga trwa dziwnym patosem i zwykłością. Nie możesz mi pomóc przyjacielu, a jednak...zobaczyłam pustą stronę. Podniosłam znad ciebie wzrok i było niebo nade mną – niesamowite, rozległe. Nietracące ani kropli, cząstki z siebie. Sypnęły z nieba białe płatki: kwiatów, śniegu, sypały coraz gęściej. A może to były anioły? Świat znikł, nastała cisza – wewnętrzna, prawdziwa. Nikogo nie było, co by ją zmącił swą przeciwną naturą, wzbudził mój niepokój. W pełnym chaosu i nieszczęścia świecie to było prawie jak szczęście. Kwiaty kwitły jeszcze niedawno. Znowu coś się skończyło. Radość splotła się z refleksją i już jej nie czuję. „Pamiętniku” - przyjacielu i powierniku – z drzewa życia spadł kolejny liść i pozostał w tyle. Przemijanie, odchodzenie - są niczym zmierzchanie, zaciemnienie, cień, jak zgaszenie światła. Wystarczy jednak światła promień, blask słońca, płomień świecy... i w duszy ogień wiary w sens, a rodzi się uśmiech, co jak soczewka skupia mnóstwo maleńkich radości. Pojawiają się nagle, nie wiadomo skąd i dlaczego, niczym złoto-srebrne wrzeciona splatające ze sobą przeszłość, teraźniejszość i przyszłość, odnajdując drogę do swych początków. I przemijanie w cudzie przeistoczenia zyskuje swój powód, przywraca trwałość bliskości. W mirażach prawdy nic nie ożywa, co by nie odchodziło w drgnieniu wszechrzeczy. Wszystko, co na świecie, ze świata zmienia się, niknie. Życie chorego człowieka także mija, mętnieje w świecie lecz i poniekąd obok niego. Świat bowiem obraca się wokół osi własnych kryteriów zdobywania, posiadania, przyswajania i przyspieszenia. Bywa wszakże chronicznie wręcz zmęczony i w przesileniach odpoczywa w tym, o czym zapomina lub udaje, że nie istnieje. Tym czymś jest piękno odpowiedzialności za czyjąś nadzieję i poczucie przynależności, wolę życia pod prąd, to odnajdywanie przyjemności i odpoczywanie pośród cierpienia, bólu i lęku choroby, to determinacja uzdatniająca do tworzenia – uśmiechem, wzruszeniem, nadzieją – odcieni, tonów, poziomów ziemi. W zwyciężaniu samego siebie tkwi dopełnienie doskonałością kropli – pucharu z winem. Wtedy choroba jest miałkim pomnikiem nicości i patosu. Nie to jest zwycięskie, co na świecie zwycięża lecz to, co zwycięża świat. Nie mając tu nic, moim jest wszystko, czego pragnę. Niewidzialność większa i ważniejsza może się stawać poprzez niezbywalność poznania. W aranżacji wyobraźni i tęsknoty. Włożyłam między karty „Świętej Księgi” czerwony liść. Umieszczam tę czerwoną kartkę „Pamiętnika” pomiędzy przodem i tyłem twardej okładki. Kończę tłoczone na niej w tle „P” milczeniem. Autor : Okrena

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

FOR THOSE WHO ARE EAGE FOR THE WORLD

Medicine of Romans Initially, Roman medicine was strictly interrelated with religion. There on the Quirinal Hill was a shrine erected in worship of Dea Salus, the goddess who stood dominion to all others in respect of diseases and healing. The most important of them to be quoted are Febris, the goddess gifted to heal fever, Uterine the goddess exceptional in curing gynaecologic complaints, or Lucina deity guarding childbirths safe. Pliny the Elder wrote, that prehistoric Rome did not see medics, whereas medicine as such existed. The character of these archaic medical practices was gathered from prescriptions of

ve, was one who attempted to challenge the wave of Greeks flooding Roman lands. And, his endeavours weighed down science of medicine in Rome for a while. Then, 100 years passed from the time when Archagatos broke the ground of medical routines another famous newcomer appears in the capital of Lazio. It is Asclepiades of Bithynia. This edified, socially sophisticated, skilled in rhetorical art man won Romans thanks to his temperate approach. For instance, he was against bloodletting. His insight into mental condition of Romans prompted him to employ simple, rational modus operandi. He was far to conform to the humoralism of Hippocrates. Conversely, he relied on the atomistic theory of Democritus from Abdera. In his own way he decided on pragmatic and individual line with patients. He trusted that therapies should be the least burdensome parties can achieve. Diet compositions he offered corresponded to preferences his patients proved. He never prescribed vomiting or purgative agents. What he recommended instead was wine, rest, massages or music. In a last word on his biography one can be interested in is the fact, that he did not arrive at Rome as a doctor. He was a teacher of rhetoric, however he was not much successful in the profession and medical art became this what he devoted to. One more figure, who asserted a noteworthy position in the history of Roman medicine was

History of medicine facts part 4 Cato the Elder, who taught to treat bone dislocations with the spell huant hanat huat ista pista sista domiabo damnaustria, or wounds with shredded cabbage. In 293 B.C., there was a delirious plague to spread, which on the base of Libri Sibyllini was answered in a cult of Asclepius, called also Aescul. Since then on, his temple has been established on the island of Tiber River. PThe first one doctor, who happened to reach Rome in 219 B.C. was a certain Archagatos, one who was of Greece parentage. At the start, he enjoyed recognition, but later on the appreciation devalued as a result of the radical methods he used. In the meanwhile, number of Greek practitioners in Rome grows and grows on the strength of Roman expansion there in the Eastern basin of Mediterranean Sea. Some share of them find their way in Italia, however as slaves already. Still, some of them are fortunate enough to gain their freedom back and acquire civil rights. The Cato, mentioned abo38

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

Aulus Cornelius Celsus. He was the author of an encyclopaedic opus, the medicinal section of which regrettably has not survived at large. In his oeu-

FOR THOSE WHO ARE EAGE FOR THE WORLD vre he fulfils an approach consistent with Hippocratic school, what he managed to enrich with thesis of Alexandrian and Indian scholars. The work is composed of three volumes, that treat on dietetics, pharmaceutics and surgery. There, Celsus voices his criticism towards empirics, who tend to apply medicines to any ailment on any an occasion, as well as towards methoditians, who direct patients no more than eating regimes and physical exercising. What he understood as grounds prompting diseases was climate and environment, age, and body and mind condition. Advocating Hippocrates he recommended: moderation in physical exercises, frequent breaks in countryside, restraint from sexual endeavour and alcohol self-indulgence, controlling body weight. The most famous Roman doctor was Galen (130-200). Just like all introduced in this article he was a Greek. He was born in Pergamon, where he received education in medicine as a discipline. Then, he continued edification in Smyrna, Corinth, Alexandria. He returned to his home town and attended gladiators for a couple of years. From 161 by the time he died (excluding the period of 166-169) he lived in Rome, it is where he met many a personage to become of special concern to caesarean court. He happened to witness events of great importance the time dated there, such as massive plague carried by the army of Lucius Verus from the East, battles and wars Marcus Aurelius conducted over Marcomanni or warfare for throne that took place after death of his son Commodus which was conquested by Septimius Severus.. The knowledge he possessed he concluded in copious works. Among his several pursuits the favourite were anatomy and physiology. In this field he achie-

ved to distinguish veins from aortas, and managed to give descriptions of cranium nerves and cardiac valve. For the Roman law forbid necropsy on humans he handled to determine it on animals. In consequence, Roman medicine is analogous to the Greek. In view of the fact how much Romans adapted form the heritage of Hellas it should not take by surprise. None the less, there was some innovative independent influences Roman medicine stands. It was them to institute mobile army surgical hospitals, to invent some of sanitary devices, or to found legislation of medical education and practice of medicine. The advancement of the hospitals cited above was what followed stronger and stronger expansion of the Empire. At the threshold of the ancient wars the battles came to pass relatively close by Rome, so the casualties were transported straight to the nearby capital. However, dominating foreign lands meant that soldiers had to proceed further on away from Italia and it is when the problem of nursing the wounded transpired. Those hospitals, called in Latin valetudinarian, provided not only rooms where 2 or 5 injured persons could be accommodated, but also a patio, bathing facilities and areas for personnel. The advancement of the hospitals cited above was what followed stronger and stronger expansion of the Empire. At the threshold of the ancient wars the battles came to pass relatively close by Rome, so the casualties were transported straight to the nearby capital. However, dominating foreign lands meant that soldiers had to proceed further on away from Italia and it is when the problem of nursing the wounded transpired. Those hospitals, called in Latin vaCukrzyca a Zdrowie

FOR THOSE WHO ARE EAGE FOR THE WORLD letudinarian, provided not only rooms where 2 or 5 injured persons could be accommodated, but also a patio, bathing facilities and areas for personnel. The ancient doctors were sumptuously bestowed with privileges, civil liberties of which were law regulated. Gaius Julius Caesar granted it to all foreigners who attended ill and sick in Rome. In 10 our era, Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus exempted doctors from paying taxes. In turn in 117 of our era, Hadrian absolved medics from military service and other public obligations. All these avails attracted more and more personalities to earn medicinal education and become doctors. Nevertheless, it was mirrored in devaluation of art of medicine practitioners executed. The situation necessitated new law and regulations to amend the then status quo. The successor of Hadrian, the emperor Antoninus Pius, he qualified legislative immunities doctors had their right to, what was in aim to even the sharing of physicians on all sides of the country. In 193-211 our era, Septimius Severus launched a law, that a legal licence was required to be able to be in the profession. One of his successors, Alexander Severus (222-235)made communal lyceum facilities officially permitted, authorized salaries teachers received, and approved allowances for all poorer students. Within decades and ages the system of medical education became more and more standardised. Apart from the medics who worked on one’s account there was faction of public practitioners, who were provided with municipal fully-equipped accommodation and wages. Hence, the latter were obliged to serve anyone who happened to be in need free of charge. As one

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

can presume, emperor and his court, as well as the richest of the land, afforded the prosperity to have personal doctors and nurses. In the late years of the imperialism a new movement in medicine prevailed. It developed on the strength of Christianity and originated in monasteries. The belief was to discard medicinal tomes as pagan and convert practice and people to demotic disposition in form of exorcism and prayer. In fact, the medicine then was peculiar to the atmosphere of forth coming Middle Ages. Marcin Szachowicz Compiled on: De la magia primitive a la medicina / Ruy Pérez Tamayo – 1997 History of Medicine edited by Tadeusz Brzeziński - 2000 Glossary of Egyptian civilisation / Guy Rachet – 1994 Glossary of Greek civilisation / Guy Rachet – 1998 Photo: Gallery

OUR WORLD Risky tummy

No drink no 55 kg body weight A certain lorry driver from Wales lost nearly 55 kilograms the moment he stopped drinking Coca-Cola. The 33 years old was up to consume 5 two-litre bottles daily of this sweet fizzy beverage, what translates into 26 tin cans. The day he could not fit in XXXXL any more was when he decided

Egg

to revolutionize his eating habits and reached his body mass 93 kg within 8 months..

WProtruding stomach is as dangerous as may lead to premature death even in case of people who are not underweight. This argument aims to show, that the fat accumulating round the waist can affect one’s longevity. There was a research study in order to examine 350 thousand Europeans, results of which prove, that females who were 100cm in girth were twofold times more in danger of precipitate decease than those who had their middle as slim as 65cm. Respectively, males happened to bear it out in proportions of 120 and 80cm. The authors of the trial published the outcomes on the pages of the “New England Journal of Medicine”, where they explain, that abdomen excessive adipose tissue may prompt such serious

ater, than those that take place per chance. The investigators observed, that he or she who proves to be happy generally has a predominant position among others and does have many happy friends. What is more, the sense of happiness extends to meet the third link in a given relationship, which is persons, who are friends of friends that are friends of his/her friends. Fowler described this phenomenon as an air of happiness that fans out from person to person. – In word, what we witness is all-in-one emotional urge, Christakis says. The more there are happy people around us the more likely it is that we ourselves may become as happy as they are. The probability is estimated to 9%. In turn, being unhappy is fairly less infective what was figured out as 7% odds. The happiest of happiest are those,

of Columbus diseases as cancer or cardiovascular disorders down to harmful hormones and other substances it releases..

Bacon-flavoured sweet bar

The third circle

NThe retail market of Great Britain has been introduced with chocolate bars tasting of ...bacon. Notwithstanding the fact, that both chocolate and bacon are found to be delicacies each one of the kind no one before challenged the idea to combine milky chocolate with bacon and salt and merchandise it. The snack named Mo’s Bacon Bar is highly popular, so highly that the steep price of 5,99£ a piece was not any roadblock in the Selfridges chain shops where all the stock happened to be sold as readily as in 48 hours.

SHappiness, just as obesity or smoking, is a collective experience shared by way of social bonds – American scientists declare. The finding is reported by Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler. They offer the evidence of a survey, that affords data of 4700 individuals. The leading question was how far dependent on relationships well-being is. What they took into account was family, marriage, neighbourhood and friendship. It turned out, that happy people the same as unhappy persons form characteristic groups (clusters), ones that are distinctively gre-

who stand most numerous social relationships – any of companionable, marital, neighbourly and definitely familial. – Each one per-

Nicholas Christakis Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

OUR WORLD

son contributes to the total potential of happiness – Christakis concludes.

The right-eared The best part of people prefers to listen with the right ear and is more willing to fulfil a request if we direct it to the right hearing organ, not the left one – Italian scientists have confirmed. The news was published in “Naturwissenschaften”. Dr Luca Tommasi and Daniele Marzoli from the Chieti Gabriel University in Italy scrutinized cases of old timers that frequented noisy night clubs. They carried out 3 research studies. In the course of the first one, 286 club goers were observed conversing next to loud music in background. The 72% of subjects were found out to tend to receive oral messages and melodies with their right ear. In the second approach it was a representative group of 160 club enthusiasts during which investigators drew near to them muttering something obscurely waiting for their reactions. Thereafter, they asked the examined for cigarettes. Altogether, 42

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

58% proved reception with the right ear, whereas 42% with the left one. The researchers noted it, that only women were unswerving in behaviour and exercised the right ear for all time. There was no correlation between the fact which one ear was exposed to a request and the number of cigarettes obtained. Throughout the third trial on 176 club followers investigators deliberately decided which ear to speak to and ask for cigarettes. The tactic on the right one appeared more rewarding. In line with the authors, the right ear and the left brain semi-sphere play crucial role in verbal communication, and all in all both semi-semi-spheres evidently drive such attitudes as socialising or detachment. These features were substantiated in tests on animals.

Artificial hormone reduces body mass SExperts of the Indiana University have achieved outstanding results in scientific research aiming invention of new generation drugs, ones that could prompt loss of body weight. In tests on mice, they exacted animals slimmer as much as in 33% and bare of fat tissue in 63%. In the view of the evidence the British journal “Daily Mail” made it public: “Finally, humankind will be ready to challenge this social and medical problem obesity is”.

The base of the medicament is an artificial hormone, that has capacity to regulate glucose assimilation there in life organisms. The executive of the research, prof. Richard DiMarchi stated, that the hormone affords full-scale body reaction, which renders and stabilises one’s natural weight. So far, it has been ascertained on animals only, however it is planned to employ volunteers to prove it right in humans. All the more, that molecular modelling works have transpired promising.

The root of obesity is in the head JThe latest tests of DNA structures reveal the fact, that inclination towards overeating and gaining weight may develop from mental predisposition, when not necessarily out of metabolic imbalance. Scientists have discovered six genes related to overweight, five of which are active nowhere but in brain. The breakthrough seems to be promising in respect of obesity treatments. Therapies then are meant to be focused not on physiological needs for food but on patterns of eating. The researchers examined 90 thousand individuals analysing their genetic ma-

OUR WORLD terial scrutinising all mutations possible. The results of the tests were confronted with body mass index. The technique allowed to isolate six genetic variants that exact slight but decisive gains in weight. The persons who proved all six of them were in the main 1,5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2 kg heavier that people of average body size. The five variants referred involve genes which are active there in brain areas. Then, it might imply that overweight may have been coded in chromosomes since the very conception. By 2007 none of interrelations between genes and overweight were concluded. However,

in our day, any bearings of the kind we have managed to uncover may have an effect on brain functioning. It has been approximated, that 40 to 70 percent of body mass instabilities do not follow from behavioural stimulus but from genes. Notwithstanding the fact, that the sole genes that has been identified to be prompting weight gaining were those which actuate body physiology, like the gene that codes leptin satiety hormone, one that answers for consumption and expenditure of energy. The most up-to-date findings throws some light on other genes which engender minute but influential dispositions to gaining we-

ight, what additionally may be aggravated by high calorie meals and alcohol altogether. There are instances, when mutations of active genes in hypothalamus afford dramatic weight gaining to the extent of obesity. In accordance to World Health Organisation estimations 400 million people in developed countries and developing nations suffer from clinical obesity. The greater part of them runs the risk of diabetes type 2. In opinion of prof. Mark McCarthy the scientific discoveries may contribute to treatments of other dysfunctions based on genetic transmutations. J

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

OUR WORLD

A journey to the capital of cardoon

here are multifarious agricultural events classified ads of which one is encouraged to find in the press. The happenings are staged in aim to crown a season of cultivation as well as intended to achieve regional marketing publicity. A given village or town finds it an occasion to celebrate preferred fruit or vegetable crops whereas it is a decent way to promote rural community or township. In view of resourcefulness organisers happen to afford initiatives like All-Poland Strawberry Days in Korycin or Cucumber Day in Kruszewo offer amusement of competitions and complimentary food tasting. Naturally, feasting like this is not a distinctiveness of our voivodship or country only. It is more and more popular round the four corners of the world being tourist attraction and sharing local colours.

ne of such places is Spanish Benicarló. This relatively small town of 26 thousand inhabitants was established at the seaside of Mediterranean Sae in the province of Castellón which space belongs to Valencia autonomous community. While the primary trace of human beings there dates the first millennium of our era the commencement of city life should be sought in the settlement Beni-Gazlún, where Berber tribes called Gazlún found their haven after the Muslim conquest. The moment the community were bestowed Carta Puebla by king Jaime I (1236) it renamed into Benicarló..

ust as the entire strand of Valencia, the grounds of Benicarló benefit from gentle weather conditions. For instance, at the turn of 19th century the main source of income the town generated

was wine production. The export of the Vino Carlón then amounted to 17 million of litres yearly. It was certainly good cause for the nation to be rejoicing, but sadly the period of prosperity came to an end the time when fitch spread the lands. This greenfly pest of vineyards, passed on from the eastern parts of the United States, devastated harvests in all Europe from sixties of 19th century. This was when farming of grapevine utterly declined. Fortunately, it appeared sheer true, that wine is not the only asset the town had. Since then it has been cardoon to be their reputation.

oThe plant, actually its lineage, for today cardoon genus did not existed then, in all probability originated from Egypt or Northern Africa. The contemporary

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

OUR WORLD

name was derived from an Arabic al-karshüf. Ancient Romans and Greeks called it cynar, which was the name of a girl Zeus captured and transmogrified into this plant. It was the reason why people believed it to be an aphrodisiac..

s one may expect, it is not the focal benefit cardoon affords. Numerous active substances comprised in the leaves, among which cinnarizine as one of most valu-

able, provide with impressive record of nutritious qualities. For example, the vegetable exacts biligenic and cholagogic responses in the body system what involves relaxing of gall bladder and urinary tracks. Also, cardoon serves protective basis for the liver organ. Equally important is its cholesterolreducing function as vital it is how its polyphenolic compounds resist anti-oxidation of free radicals.

he esculent portion of cardoons supplies with 10 carbohydrates. To say, inulin is one that is more essential than others. Intermediate products of its metabolism relieve peristalsis of intestines and foster assimilation of minerals plus it stimulates potency of bacterial flora. For the reason digestion of inulin does not prompt relevant upsurges of glucose and insulin in blood cardo-

ons are recommended as an element of diabetes diet.

ocThe rise of cardoon cultivation in the lands of Benicarló is considered to come to pass in 13rd century, which was the era of Muslim supremacy. Whereas, the mass-scale production of the vegetable was launched in forties at the turn of 20th century. In the course of time cardoon has become the propeller of the economy. As the “Alcachofa de Benicarló” it has been a regional pro-

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

OUR WORLD duct endorsed by the UE law under Protected Designation of Origin. Nonetheless, cardoon is not trade and industry characteristic only for it is one of the features the there cultural identity stands. How deeply it has become entrenched in the way of life is epitomized in the city crest. Enquiring about this “official” role of cardoon we need to retreat to the 18th century. In those days the castle Peńiscola and the immediate environs, including Benicarló, were ruled by the grand master of the Knights Templar Berenguer de Cardona. Of course, the coat-of-arms represented cardoni, one of artichoke species. It is how historians rationalize the image of the city heraldic sign.

very year, in January or February, Benicarló hosts Fiesta de Alcachofa. The feast is planned to be abound with fun and games, but also anticipated to stand professional guidance on farming or healthy food and lifestyle. The opening of the ceremony is introduced with the artichoke dedicated cuisine anyone is free to have a taste of. The dish “Torrá” , that is grilled cardoon, has been one customarily dearly preferred. It is incredibly long queues that line up for it, so this public affair necessitates a great deal of cultivators to meet the demand.

atering demonstrations of culinary recipes is another attraction one can acquaint with.

And, what we may suggest as a sample is:: Salmon filled with cardoon paste The components: 1,5kg of fresh salmon 1kg of artichoke thistle hearts (receptacles) 1 piece of onion 2 tomatoes 2 cloves of garlic 4 eggs liter of cream parsley, olive, salt, pepper The fish is thought be cleansed and cut open. Then, we remove the spine. In next move, we cut onion, tomatoes, garlic, parsley together with cardoon what we fry on olive oil. Afterwards, we grate the whole blend, mix it with eggs and cream, season it and the dish should be ready in 10 minutes while frying. The paste completed is meant to serve stuffing inside the meat of salmon and be cooked 20 minutes in temperature of 160ºC. Bon appetite! 46

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

Marcin Szachowicz

PRZECIWDZIAŁANIE CUKRZYCY ŻYWĄ WODĄ WOLNE RODNIKI

Wykazano eksperymentalnie, że wolne rodniki mogą być zarówno pierwotnymi czynnikami prowokującymi rozwój cukrzycy, jak i czynnikami wtórnymi, pogarszającymi przebieg cukrzycy i wywołującymi jej powikłania. Do walki z wolnymi rodnikami nasz organizm wykorzystuje antyoksydanty – substancje zdolne wychwytywać i neutralizować wolne rodniki. Żywa woda (zjonizowana woda zasadowa) jest wielofunkcyjnym antyoksydantem. Z jednej strony jest ona zdolna do działania jako antyoksydant, a z drugiej – wielokrotnie zwiększać działanie antyoksydantów enzymatycznych i nieenzymatycznych takich jak witamina C oraz flawonoidy.

PRZECIWDZIAŁANIE CUKRZYCY ŻYWĄ WODĄ

Chorzy na cukrzycę, zarówno pierwszego, jaki i drugiego typu, przyjmujący, jako dopełnienie do tradycyjnego leczenia żywą wodę z mikroelementami już po kilku dniach podkreślali znaczną poprawę samopoczucia, złagodzenie stanów osłabienia i zwiększenie sprawności. Szczególnie zauważalna była poprawa u chorych z bezwładem rąk i nóg, a także bólami w mięśniach łydek i utrudnieniami przy chodzeniu. Już po 2 tygodniach u chorych takich znikały bóle w nogach i parastezje, mijały nocne skurcze mięśni łydek. Wpływ picia żywej wody z mikroelementami przez okres 1 miesiąca (obserwacja w trakcie spożywania i do 6 miesięcy po zaprzestaniu spożywania): 1. na zawartość glukozy we krwi u chorych na cukrzycę typu drugiego. Zwykle efekt miesięcznego spożywania jest trwały przez następnych 5-6 miesięcy, potem poziom glukozy we krwi zaczyna powoli wzrastać. Przy początkowych średnich wartościach glukozy 175 mg/dl obserwowaliśmy obniżenie poziomu glukozy we krwi na czczo: po upływie 2 tygodni o 16%, po 5 miesiącach o 13,7%. 2. na zawartość glukozy we krwi u chorych na cukrzycę pierwszego typu. Przy wprowadzaniu katolitu w celu wspomagania leczenia chorych na cukrzycę pierwszego typu, przy początkowych średnich wartościach 143,5 mg/dl średnie wartości glukozy obniżały się: po upływie 2 tygodni o 21,4%; 5 miesięcy o 8,1%. 3. na wskaźnik glikozowanej hemoglobiny HbA1c u chorych na cukrzycę drugiego typu. Obniżenie glikozowanej hemoglobiny u chorych na cukrzycę drugiego typu: po 2 tygodniach z 9,2 na 8,6% (obniżenie o 0,6%), 5 miesięcy po ukończeniu leczenia do 7,9%. Oznacza to, że u chorych pijących przez 4-6 tygodni żywą wodę z aktywnymi mikroelementami niebezpieczeństwo wystąpienia powikłań obniżało się bardziej niż o połowę. 4. na wskaźnik glikozowanej hemoglobiny HbA1c u chorych na cukrzycę typu pierwszego. U chorych obserwowano znaczne obniżenie wskaźnika glikozowanej hemoglobiny we krwi, przy czym obniżenie to osiągało maksymalne wartości po 2 miesiącach od ukończenia wspomagania leczenia: po 2 tygodniach z 7,9 do 7,4%; po 5 miesiącach do 7,0%. 5. na obniżenie zapotrzebowania zastępników insuliny u chorych na cukrzycę typu drugiego. Chorzy, którzy przyjmowali w ciągu 4-6 tygodni katolit z aktywowanymi mikroelementami mogli obniżyć swoje zapotrzebowanie na insulinę lub jej analog. Oznacza to, że w wyniku działania żywej wody i aktywnych mikroelementów z jednej strony wzrasta produkcja insuliny, a z drugiej wrażliwość na nią komórek organizmu. U chorych na cukrzycę obniżało się średnie zapotrzebowanie na insulinę lub jej analogi: po 2 tygodniach do 72%, po 5 miesiącach od zakończenia leczenia do 63%. Wystarczył miesiąc wspomagania leczenia żywą wodą z mikroelementami, by prawie 2 razy zmniejszyć przyjmowanie leków przez okres 5-6 najbliższych miesięcy. Wielu chorych po wypisaniu ze szpitala nabyło JONIZATORY i produkowało żywą wodę w domu – po prostu żywą wodę, bez dodawania do niej mikroelementów. U takich chorych w dalszym czasie następowało obniżenie zapotrzebowania na zastrzyki insuliny i poprawa lub unormowanie analiz krwi. Wielu tych chorych po powtórnym cyklu przyjmowania żywej wody z mikroelementami przenieśliśmy na terapię tabletkami. 6. na obniżenie zapotrzebowania na terapie zastępujące insulinę u chorych na cukrzycę pierwszego typu. Nasi chorzy na cukrzycę pierwszego typu zmniejszali, i to bardzo znacznie, dawkę wprowadzanej z zewnątrz insuliny, co znaczy „nauczyli” się wytwarzać swoją „własną”, naturalną insulinę. U chorych na cukrzycę pierwszego typu zmniejszało się średnie zapotrzebowanie na insulinę lub jej analogi: po 2 tygodniach do 73%; po 5 miesiącach po ukończeniu cyklu wspomagania leczenia do 80%. 7. na wskaźniki cholesterolu i lipoproteidów wysokiej i niskiej gęstości u chorych na cukrzycę typu pierwszego i drugiego. Cukrzyk powinien odnosić się do podwyższonego poziomu cholesterolu z czujnością, dążyć do tego, by go obniżyć, lecz nie sięgać od razu po preparaty lecznicze, ale próbować obniżyć poziom cholesterolu dietą, żywą wodą, ziołami leczniczymi – istnieje wiele wspaniałych możliwości. U chorych na cukrzycę pierwszego typu działanie katolitu z mikroelementami było bardziej wyraźne, jednak również wskaźniki wyjściowe u tych chorych były niższe i wynosiły 219,5 mg/dl. Działanie katolitu z mikroelementami było obserwowane przez 6 miesięcy po miesiącu picia i praktycznie doprowadzało wskaźniki cholesterolu do normy. Identyczne działanie wykazywało picie wody bez mikroelementów. Katolit statystycznie wiarygodnie obniżał wartości „złego” cholesterolu u cukrzyków zarówno typu pierwszego, jak i drugiego, przy czym działanie katolitu było długotrwałe i trwało przez 6 miesięcy po miesięcznej kuracji. 8. na obniżenie ciśnienia tętniczego. Zaobserwowaliśmy obniżenie ciśnienia tętniczego w przypadku wielu chorych na cukrzycę, którzy pili katolit z mikroelementami. Podsumowanie U około 4-5 osób na 30 pijących katolit z mikroelementami udaje się zastąpić dożylne przyjmowanie insuliny leczeniem w postaci przyjmowania tabletek. Pozostali zmniejszają dawki przyjmowanej insuliny i środków leczniczych o 20-70% w związku z poprawą wskaźników istotnych dla diabetyków. U około 1-2 osób na każdych 30 nie udaje się zmienić dawki insuliny, lecz następuje poprawa wskaźników krwi i ogólnego stanu, zwiększenie sprawności, zniknięcie osłabień, bólów w nogach - zauważają wszyscy chorzy bez wyjątku. Praktycznie u wszystkich chorych obserwuje się poprawę wyników analiz: zmniejszenie glukozy we krwi, glikozowanej hemoglobiny, ogólnego i „złego” cholesterolu oraz zwiększenie „dobrego” cholesterolu.

Z ciekawych efektów towarzyszących wspomaganiu leczenia katolitem zauważa się: unormowanie podwyższonego ciśnienia tętniczego aż do odstawienia wcześniej przyjmowanych preparatów przeciw nadciśnieniowych, zwiększenie libido i funkcji seksualnej u mężczyzn, zniknięcie bólów w nogach i chromania przestankowego, normalizację funkcji jelit, poprawę funkcji wątroby. Jonizator „BiO H2O” jest dość prostym urządzeniem, do którego wlewamy wodę z kranu, podłączamy do prądu, po upływie ustawionego czasu aparat wyłącza się automatycznie. Otrzymujemy 2 roztwory posiadające właściwości wspomagające zdrowie (3 szklanki wody zasadowej i 3 szklanki wody kwaśnej). Drugim niezwykle ważnym aspektem przywrócenia prawidłowego funkcjonowania organizmu jest uzupełnienie występującego w nim krzemu. Już począwszy od lat 60-tych ksiądz profesor Włodzimierz Sedlak pisał na temat wiodącej roli tego pierwiastka w życiu biologicznym. Suplementacja jest mało wydajna przy braku krzemu. Dysponujemy bardzo skutecznymi preparatami łatwo przyswajalnymi i zużywanymi przez organizm prawie w całości.

Więcej danych na stronie internetowej www.orsi.pl. Konsultacje pod telefonem 885 560 375.

www.OrSi.pl

USEFUL TO KNOW

Diabetes patients are more vulnerable to alcohol detriment that any other people who do not suffer from the disease. This psycho-active substance prompts metabolic disorders, the most dangerous of which is suppression of glucose production and secretion there down in liver, what more often than not engenders hypoglycaemia. Under the influence of alcohol, people with diabetes are likely to become deluded and mismanage their hypoglycaemia episodes leading to future acute complications. How rapidly alcohol is absorbed in blood?

Straight after consumption alcohol is assimilated from stomach to blood in fairly swift a tempo, then slower and slower when via intestines. Some 90% of alcohol that is absorbed from the bowels is entirely metabolically converted in liver. The metabolism rate is as equal as 7g of alcohol per hour.

What is the disadvantageous impact of alcohol?

• It evokes serious random sugar fluctuations in blood, when patients are not able then to assess doses of medicine, what all culminates in uncontrolled too low or too high blood sugar intensities. • Alcohol fosters generation of abnormal metabolites, such as ketone bodies (acetones) or lactic acids, what may set toxicosis in motion. • It elevates blood pressure when consumed in excess. • It directly damages heart, liver and pancreas, that is organs already exposed to diabetes mellitus. • Altogether, patients who drink alcohol habitually neglect prescribed therapies.

Are there alcohol choices that are less destructive than others among, like wine and beer?

All products that contain alcohol are evenly unfavourable in respect of diabetes treatments. It is the reason why to rule it out of diet in any instant.

What is the therapeutic approach diabetes patients are meant to follow?

Formerly, diabetics were recommended to restrain from alcohol notwithstanding variety, quantity and point in time. It was assumed, that alcohol affords devastating effects as such and weighs control down whether it is discipline of treatments or personal self-conduct. In any case the dependability of the advise has not been potent enough to influence patients to prove abstinence.

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

USEFUL TO KNOW

In our day, is alcohol totally contraindicated or allowable but in small measures?

Today, we all rely on education, patients are given the opportunity to learn whether to use it and in what a manner. What we qualify to advocate is occasional drinks of 10-15g a unit. It appears acceptable. Whereas regular drinking, even when small quantities are observed, is definitely objectionable for most probable to result in addiction.

What is the hazard of overusing alcohol in case of diabetes?

From the view of medical practice, alcoholism diabetes patients happen to go through finishes with decease out of hypoglycaemia or ketone diabetic coma.

What is the dynamics of the threat to life? It becomes most critical when liver fails to produce and release glucose what naturally effects hypoglycaemia incidence. Alcohol affects intellectual capaci ty and physical command so the disease becomes unattainable to manage. In any event, not a single body system can stand diabetes and alcoholism as one.

When it is a vital charge to renounce drinking alcohol?

For one’s own good anyone should abandon the idea of drinking being chronically ill. And, if truth to be told, diabetes is one of the never-ending dise ases.Statisticsprovideclearevidence,thatdiabetesandalcoholisboundtoconcludein loss of life, what translates in reality as much as 50% of occurrence. It is a price of prices to say. Likewise, it is an equally grave concern of drivers, women who are pregnant or feeding, and young individuals altogether.

If there is some extraordinary occasion to have a drink you are respectfully asked to remember to:

• Accept only small quantities of wine or beer – preferably accompanied by a meal. • Dilute more concentrated alcohol with water. • Take avoiding action against drinking more than 20g of vodka or whisky at a time. • Be mindful so as not to consume drinks laced with sugar (liqueurs, aperitifs) • Comply with dietetic evaluations treating alcohol as a counterpart of carbohydrates: 1g of alcohol delivers 7 kcal (29 kJ). UImportant: Carry your diabetes identification card on you, especially when you intend going to a party. If you do not have one it is advisable to inform your familiars and friends how risky alcohol intakes are for you. Compiled by: Edward Ozga Michalski MA Consulted with: prof.dr.hab. Andrzej Danysz PhD The source: www.przychodnia.pl

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

OUR WORLD

YAWING The time when we are tired and feel like going to sleep is answered in the reaction of yawning, at least not unpleasant a response. [...] If we are truly fatigued we are better to give in and have a comfortable rest in bed. Dr. Anna Fischer-Duckelmann, Die Frau ais Arztin To state it straightforward: yawning does not have to be a symptom of boredom or weariness. At this instance, one may quote Olympic games at some stage of which sportsmen happen to be yawning right away before the showdown. Not only that they do do this at the point of rivalry but in front of millions viewing them altogether. Whereas, all experts around the globe are certain of one aspect within the theme: yawning is contagious. No one knows the reason behind it or the reason why we yawn for the fact as such. All the readers who happen to yawn studying this text may consider themselves to be partakers of the world-wide experiment regarding yawning.

awning or so called mouth gaping is fairly common in the course of nature. Numerous reptiles, such as fish, birds, snakes, elephants or many other species were witnessed to use this body language. Humans are ready to yawn already in womb which is sooner than the time they are able to acquire any of skills. Yawning must generate a kind of cocktail blended out of some multifarious hormones in face of which we are defenceless and can expect no aid either. In clinical point of view some particular diseases have bearing on the fre50

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

quency of yawning, for instance schizophrenia is the one that reduces it, others in turn may redouble it. Healthy people tend to yawn briefly at bedtime and equally briefly the moment they wake up. Other creatures, for example male rats, they occasionally prove to erect while yawning. Some others yawn with gusto whilst in company. Yawning synchronized with rattling sabres is what monkeys exercise as a sign of threat which fact was ascertained by the very Karol Darwin. As it was mentioned, yawning is infectious and chimpanzees or macaques provide the evidence as well as human beings but with the exception of babies. Masculine gender seem to yawn more often than females, to add that riving yawning may result in jaw dislocation. In any case, investigating yearning hardly ever appears dull or tedious.

ome say, that yawning might be prompted by deficiency of oxygen. It is explained, that people who have to stay in badly ventilated spaces they open their mouths yawning so as to inhale more air into the lungs. This idea gives the impression to be too simple to be probable at all. The

OUR WORLD

argument triggers second thoughts: why do lions yawn lying about on all sides of savannahs? Are they short of oxygen? Why do yet-to-be-born babies yawn there in the womb, where they are supplied with oxygen via the umbilical cord? Why don’t sportsmen yawn more often since they spend so much of oxygen? Science is meant to substantiate as many facts as possible and it is what the psychologist Richard Provine and his team did in late eighties of 20nd century. The researchers analysed, whether augmented doses of oxygen moderate yawning, or in turn whether dosages of “consumed” oxygen, that is carbon dioxide, escalate yawning by contrast. Also, they verified if it is true that sport necessitates extra amounts of oxygen alike. The results of all case studies were unambiguously negative – stifling air and insufficiency of oxygen induce tiredness, but not yawning. Anyone would be pleased with such a scientific professionalism as the one quoted – theory, experiments, rebutment, there you have it.

rovine, who states his endeavour over yawning to be perversion, he was quite taken aback the moment he received the records of his scrutiny. Now, he is outright convinced, that yawning has nothing to do with breathing, but with acti-

ve sensing instead. It means, that we yawn the time we are fatigued or when we perceive surge of energy. His associate, Ronald Baenninger, he afforded authentication of the other of the hypothesis. He asked the subjects of his trial to wear motion detecting bracelets that could register number of yawns any time subjects pressed the device button. It came into view, that yawning repeatedly followed phases of increased activity. Presumably, some varieties of animals behave likewise. For instance, male Siamese fighting fish intimidates their rivals opening his oral cavity wide what looks like yawning, however no one can be assured as far as fish do not wear wristlets.

t might be the answer why frequent yawning is exercised by marathon runners before they start on, by parachutists before they jump out, or by students waiting to attend their exams: time of waking up. Perhaps, act of opening mouth exacts extra blood provided to the brain, what in turn enhances mental concentration. If so, we can conclude that yawning is a kind of a brain kickstarter – just like computer cold boot. The remaining question is why we yawn when we are getting tired what is a familiar sensation to all of us? Can we inter-

pret it to be an alarm function indicating states of emergency?

n any event, one can induce yawning simply imagining it or by intensive thinking of it. It is the reason why reading texts on the issue may provoke to be yawning. The modern-day neurology methods allow to scan brain activity throughout an act of yawning. A person is placed in human-length long tube, and then presented with video movies, ones that are on people who are at the point of yawning. Thanks to the technique a certain panel of German-Finnish experts revealed some features of the yawning aetiology. In line with their findings, the contagiousness

does not arise from the mere mechanism of personating others. To be precise, it does not originate from the processes of learning when we watch and copy given behaviour. In other words, the brain units that enable us learning, called mirror neurons, do not respond more intensely to films depicting yawning than to films not showing any yawn. It implies, that we do not have to understand how one yawns to be able to yawn ourselves, it comes to pass automatically. We may assume, that it might be some Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

OUR WORLD primordial mental apparatus that drives and synchronise communication within groups. It may code messages like: “Be ready to attack!” or “Watch out! An enemy there!” as well as “Let’s go to sleep”. Maybe, in some undetermined past, yawning was as quick as efficient a way to settle matters without having to exploit needless words.

n turn, the neurologist Steven Płatek, together with his colleagues, reached another conclusion. Their thesis was that contagiousness of yawning must be an act of sympathy, what went along with the thesis introduced as early as in the sixties of 20nd century. In order to bear it out, Płatek and his co-workers examined individuals, whose personality tests proved either extraordinarily high empathy or uncommonly low compassion. The routine of assessment was the same, the subjects were presented with videos of yawning screened or not screened. The results did not take by surprise as more empathic persons were more inclined to be drawn by yawning than less considerate persons. Alike, they employed magnetic resonance imaging to have managed to ascertain it, that those brain areas that activate yawning are the same brain parts that answer for sympathy. Then, yawning in one accord with someone else does not have to mean “I am bored as well”, but “I sympathise with you”.

he critical problem is to differentiate contexts and interrelations in-between. One of the dynamics may be sheer physiological facet, for example yawning in aim to breathe in more of air, to stimulate blood circulation or to stretch facial muscles simply. Apart from these already cited, yawning physically opens the tract leading from oral cavity to Eustachian tube levelling pressure there in the middle ear, what relieves colds or conditions during plane landing. Hence, doctors reason yawning to 52

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie

be healthy. In the other hand, yawning seems to be one of social factors, whether it is communicating of sympathy or it is timing of mutual performance. In this field, contagiousness plays an important role. It might sound at least weird, but we appear to be unconsciously talking yawning whispers of unknown content. And, we are not in power to avert against it covering lips with hands. The brain is basically apt enough to catch sight of someone else’s yawning.

rrespective of the reasons why we do yawn apposite manner of mouth composing looks always identical. Also, motivations that drive it bear manifold meanings in contrast to involuntary bodily reactions like sneezing, coughing or laughing, which are more unequivocal in this sense. Yawning appears to be more versatile a weapon, one crafted by evolution to intersperse our already quaint existence. Źródło: „Leksykon Niewiedzy” Kathrin Passing / Aleks Scholz

FEUILETTON

Feuilleton

he custom of drinking coffee has indeed attracted myths and legends as far as this. For some of us it means a touch of ritual that corresponds with magical qualities, for others it speaks for good tone what feels elegance, for other part of us it is a day after day routine. Some believe, that it has to be drank in the morning and absolutely on empty stomach, others accept it just as a kind of dessert, other share do not bother drinking it at bedtime for it supposedly has no effect...

s a matter of fact, the general confusion in relation to coffee, coffeine in particular, is kindled by advertisement industry. The relevant companies persuade us via media, that it is their coffee of use to wake us up and give strength for the day, it is them to produce the aroma that would charm our beloved, that it would be better and better, they would offer more and more. None of these corporations do not promote coffee as an antidote to hangover, an answer to free radicals, or a remedy against diabetes. Then, why not to introduce some facts of the world science?

states) we are free towards choices, including coffeine for years.

he greatest supply of this substance is comprised in Amazonian plant â&#x20AC;&#x201C; guarana, to say not in coffee beans. Its seeds afford 5% of coffeine. Other plants to quote are tea leaves (2-5%), mate leaves (3%), cola nuts (1,5-2,5%) and coffee beans (0,62,8%). Some traces of it we can find in theobroma grains or in firing pin.

he concentration of coffeine is austerely dependent on methods of infusion. It is the reason why a cup of coffee embraces two times more of essence than an equal cup of tea, notwithstanding the fact that coffee beans serve less of it than tea leaves. Ridiculously uncomplicated! Is it not?

t is worthwhile to have a cup of coffee prior to any endeavour for it enhances thinking course of action, as coffeine blocks receptors of adenosine, the nucleoid that expands blood vessels and informs our organism when the time of sleep is. There was an experiment conducted in the USA, that provided the evidence it is veritable. Deprived of sleep soldiers were administered measure of 2 cups of coffee and their alertness, memory and learning capacity did improve in 60%. It alters some of biochemical processes, because it belongs to the class of stimulants: 250mg of coffeine (two cups of strong coffee) may induce 3 times as much of adrenalin, simultaneously quickening breath regularity. Also, coffeine intensifies releasing of dopamine, the neurotransmitter of diverse performance, called to be the hormone of happiness as for it activates centres of euphoria and pleasure sensing. However, it can be treated as any sex substitute, regrettably.

A cup of little black in the morning

he myth, that drinking coffee in a long run is detrimental in result is a misdeed of smokers: they drink more coffee than non-smokers do. People who smoke stand body system that decomposes coffee as fast as two times fold, so they need to consume it further more to be able to live through any of experience. To add, smokers generate more health problems than those who do not smoke, whereas it is nicotine to be blamed on not coffeine. This alkaloid as a psycho-active agent does not accumulate in cells and tissues, it is simply voided. Hence, proviso we are healthy (not any hyper pressure, arrhythmia or anxiety

oleIt has to be to be admitted, that coffeine more often than not becomes an adCukrzyca a Zdrowie

FEUILETTON Janusz Niczyporowicz

diction, withdrawal state of which exacts headaches and irritation. The more we spend it the more serious symptoms of discontinuation are.

nterestingly, it has been established to an irrefutable extent, that reasonable intakes of coffeine advance diabetes prevention. Some scientists maintain, that climate zone is of certain importance either. Heat is what stops people to be physically and mentally active and it is when they overuse coffee, whereas those who live in moderate and chilly regions they do not need extra stimuli. In turn, Canadian researchers found out, that persons whose metabolism is slow should avoid coffee to be secure against heart diseases. In reverse, it might protect people of rapid metabolism they assert. It is because the potency of coffee is not coffeine only, but also antioxidant properties. Other strong anti-oxidising produce to be mentioned is tomato, carrot, milk, animal liver, as well as vegetable oils, nuts and cereals. In this respect, it delivers quality of green tea. To sum it up, it is not recommended to be consuming coffeine drinks in excess, or definitely sparkling beverages. The most beneficial of all is still mineral water, and the safest daily dosage of coffeine 400mg.

Janusz Niczyporowicz zmarł 22 listopada 2009 roku

Przez wiele lat współpracował z redakcją Magazynu Medycznego „Cukrzyca a Zdrowie”. Jego artykuły, felietony, cykle materiałów, m.in. „Bliżej świata” wzbogacały nasze pismo, a tym samym naszych Czytelników. Debiutancki zbiór reportaży Janusza Niczyporowicza, zatytułowany „Maskarada”, ukazał się w 1979 roku. Kolejne jego książki to między innymi „Coraz więcej mamy wrogów”, „Czyściec”, „Smarkateria”, „Hegemon”, „Rosyjska ruletka”, „Kraina proroków” oraz „Zew Itaki”. Jego reportaże znajdowały najwyższe uznanie nie tylko jurorów konkursów literackich, cenili je przede wszystkim czytelnicy. Zawsze otwarty na ludzi i aktualną rzeczywistość, Janusz Niczyporowicz, dziennikarz, reportażysta, współpracował z regionalnymi oraz krajowymi pismami i gazetami. Talent, lotność pióra, pasja ugruntowały Jego wyjątkowość, sprawiły, że był zauważany we wszystkim co robił. Z pasją też łowił ryby. W listopadową niedzielę 2009 roku wypłynął na wieczne łowiska… Żegnamy Pana, Panie Januszu Zespół Redakcji „Cukrzyca a Zdrowie”

Cukrzyca a Zdrowie