Structural Solutions for Defective Buildings

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Structural Solutions for Defective Buildings


Gordon Reid (Partner and Global Structural Leader) Newcastle, United Kingdom M +44771 096 8619 g.reid@cundall.com Gordon is a specialist in structural design. He is responsible for maintaining and raising standards of structural engineering throughout the practice as a whole. In addition to leading projects, Gordon focuses on graduate recruitment and development, as well as being responsible for the practice’s structural software. He specialises in the design of substructure and superstructure solutions utilising all building materials, including concrete, steel, masonry and timber. Gordon began his engineering career working on a wide range of civil engineering and tunnelling projects before moving into consultancy. He joined Cundall in 1987 and became a partner in 1998. “As structural engineers it is always an exciting challenge to understand how an existing building works and really assess how the components of the structure work together. In some circumstances this process is necessary to rectify a defect. It may also be necessary in order to revitalise an existing building and perhaps facilitate a change of use. At Cundall we have an experienced team with the knowledge, expertise, and enthusiasm to address these challenges and breath new life into buildings in a sustainable manner.”

Gary Dodds (Country Director) Doha, Qatar M +974 5052-8746 g.dodds@cundall.com Gary is Country Director and leads the civil and structures team in Cundall’s Doha office. In his role Gary is responsible for the technical and commercial performance for the business in the region. Gary has lead multi-disciplinary teams on large public and private projects with large valuations and tight deadlines in Europe, Asia and Middle East. He is highly experienced and proficient working in globally distributed multi-national design teams. Gary’s key skills lie in the integration of engineering and architecture to provide the best holistic solution. Committed to designing better structures that consume less resource - materials, energy, time and money - yet remain beautiful, functional and provide a beneficial amenity for society.

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Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement


About Cundall

Cundall projects Cundall offices Adelaide Belfast Birmingham Brisbane Bucharest Doha Dubai Dublin Edinburgh Hong Kong London

Madrid Manchester Melbourne Newcastle Perth Shanghai Singapore Sydney Warsaw Wrocław

Associated offices Denmark Oman Saudi Arabia Sweden

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950+

1st

1976

OFFICES GLOBALLY

PEOPLE WORLDWIDE

CARBON NEUTRAL CONSULTANCY

ESTABLISHED

50+

35+

1st

500+

COUNTRIES PROJECTS DELIVERED IN

LANGUAGES

ONE PLANET COMPANY

AWARDS WON

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Core services

Structural engineering

Civil engineering

We provide structural engineering design services with our renowned analytical creativity and ingenuity. As a result, we have a high level of repeat clients. To deliver maximum value to our clients, we aim to be involved in projects from the very outset, which allows us to contribute to the development of fully integrated solutions.

Civil engineering is one of our core services and covers all sectors of the construction industry. We help to create, improve and protect the environment in which we live. We provide facilities for day-to-day life, and for transport and industry to function effectively.

This creates the greatest benefit and minimises the risk to budget and programme. Our approach is to use 3D modelling software to assist with integration on all our projects.

We work closely with project teams and stakeholders to ensure project deliverables and goals are exceeded, while also providing sustainable solutions.

Building services engineering

Sustainability

We offer an end-to-end service, extending from initial planning to construction fit-out, plus lifetime facilities management.

We are positioned at the forefront of sustainability in the built environment. This is because we take a refreshingly positive approach to engineering design, fostering collaboration and creativity. We are driven by the consideration of people.

Our mission is to help design sustainable buildings which are more energy efficient and cost-effective to operate. Integration with our in-house civil and structural engineering and specialist teams enables us to devise the best possible solutions to ensure our clients’ buildings are holistic, sustainable and futureproof. Our approach is focused on offering best value by: analysing client needs, considering possible design options and delivering the most appropriate for location, development and budget.

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We help each client identify both the constraints placed on development by regulatory requirements and site conditions and the opportunities that can be created through practical and innovative design.

Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement

We know going green and commercial pragmatism can happily co-exist, and use this knowledge on all our projects. We provide a service to suit all aspirations, as we are familiar with the latest energy and environmental legislation, green ratings and delivering zero carbon buildings.


Specialist services

Acoustics

Air quality

Building automation

BIM

Building Performance Services

CDM consultancy

Fire engineering

Geotechnical engineering

Health and wellbeing

IT and audio visual

Lighting design

Planning consultancy

Security consultancy

Transportation

Vertical transportation

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In the past few decades, the deterioration of buildings and infrastructures has been occurring at an ever increasing rate This has resulted in a world-wide need for the maintenance, repair, rehabilitation of degraded structures and in some instances structural collapse. To meet the needs, available knowledge and technologies must be collected, organized and disseminated to engineers and practitioners. Poor understanding of the deterioration problem and the inability to adopt proper remediation approaches not only lead to a waste of natural resources, but also have a negative impact on the economy of the world and ultimately the end user experience. The maintenance, repair, rehabilitation of structures and structural investigation involve several broad issues which encompass technical, social, and economic aspects, such as the fundamental knowledge of materials and structures as well as basic understanding of economy and sociology.

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Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement


What is structural refurbishment and forensic structural engineering? What is structural refurbishment?

What is forensic structural engineering?

Refurbishment is the process of improvement by structural repair, strengthening and/or demolition and retrofitting

Forensic structural engineering is a field of engineering which involves the study of structure and determining the causes of failure of structure

Structural refurbishment varies for each job depending on the level of change requirement, complexity and condition of the building

The investigation of materials, products, structures or components that fail or do not operate or function as intended, causing personal injury or damage to property

Major building alterations will encompass significant structural alterations, such as the extension of the floors or partial demolition to create an atrium or stripping of the building back to the concrete frame The lifecycle of a building can be significantly extended by effective refurbishment

A wide and multi-disciplinary field, requiring structural engineering expertise and knowledge of failures in buildings Engineers and managers need to have an aerial view of the process, techniques, outcome reporting and legal aspects of forensic engineering

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Why do we offer the service?   

Old and listed buildings – Deterioration Poor quality of construction and workmanship Marine structures – Saline environment (Corrosion)

New aspirations by the client – Smart Cities, Sustainability, Modernization

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Change of end user and functionality Mitigate risk of structural collapse

Why is this a critical expertise?

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Poor understanding of the problem may lead to expensive solutions

Lack of expertise may expose human`s life to risk

Picking up where other designers left off

Uncertainty of the original design assumptions and materials used

Maintaining building stability during refurbishment

Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement


Why Cundall?      

Professional approach by considering the client and public interests and safety Experienced multi-disciplinary engineers Experienced in all sectors and building types Extensive experience of structural refurbishment and forensic projects Experienced with international and local regulations Holistic review providing the client with a cost effective and safe solution

Experienced with different construction materials such as concrete, steel, timber, masonry and wood plastic composite (WPC)

 

Articulate with good communication skills

Standardized approach to achieve the desired goal

Expert witness and arbitration support

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Our approach Cundall undertakes the following list of key steps:

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Validate the hypothesis through structural analysis

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Client discussion – Understanding the clients requirements and needs

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Define specialist testing

9.

Interpretation of testing and analysis

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Define the failure/ defect

10. Arrive at conclusion regarding the causes

3.

Visual site survey

11. Prepare condition report and recommendation

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Desktop study and data collection

12. Recommendations – repair/ strengthening

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Analysis of the data

13. Prepare construction drawings/ specifications

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Piece together the events and root causes for the failure

14. Site supervision of remedial works

Site survey Site visual inspection and identifying constraints

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Desktop review As-built and IFC drawings review

Testing On site testing and sampling

Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement

Analysis Existing structure analysis model

Interpretation Interpretation of testing and analysis

Strengthening Provide economical solutions

Recommendations Recommendations for future maintenance


Site surveys and desktop study Site survey

Detailed visual surveys A reliable structural condition assessment heavily relies on rigorous observations, and collecting accurate data that can adequately describe the existing condition of the structure. In doing so, engineers are looking for signs of defects and distress in structural elements in the first step. Close up visual inspection of elements provides a costeffective method for rapid screening of the structural system. However, this does not provide any information about the properties of materials, or hidden sub-surface defects. We provide photographic and video evidence in our surveys, ensuring all issues are diligently captured, whilst conducting interviews with staff, employees, etc. The most common aims of a structural survey include: Documenting the present condition of the structure, highlighting areas of failure or concern Identifying causes of past, or ongoing, deterioration Identifying issues that need attention to prevent serious damage Identifying things that need further enquiries to pre-empt problems in the future

Desktop review

Presenting conservation and maintenance recommendations Providing an estimate of the cost of any works that may be required Desktop study and data collection The term ‘desk study’ refers to a study that is carried out through research, rather than physical investigations. This may be a preliminary study carried out before more detailed physical investigations are carried out, or it may be a standalone study carried out instead of a physical investigation. Desk studies can provide an initial understanding of a subject or situation, identify potential risks and inform the detail, scope and methodology of subsequent investigations. We review all design, construction and communication documents and provide comparison assessments between the survey and desk study. This allows us to identify issues in the design or construction, and where necessary make critical decisions.

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Specialist testing Testing

As part of Cundall’s approach in delivering a safe efficient solution to our clients, we engage in all types of specialist testing with 3rd parties as required. Our services ranges from scope development for specified testing, appointing specialists for testing, liaising and managing the specialist and interpretation of testing results. The type of specialist testing depends on the issue under investigation and can consist of on site non-destructive testing and laboratory testing for all material types (concrete, steel, earth, WPC, etc) Using non-destructive testing for structural condition assessment is a common practice. A multi-technology approach using different NDT methods can help engineers in various engineering applications, and in different ways. Examples of the types of non-destructive testing includes: Ground penetrating radar (GPR) - Used to accurately locate steel reinforcement and can help engineers verify the as-built reinforcement, identify top and bottom rebar locations (i.e. in slabs, and walls) Ultrasonic pulse echo - Used to predict the thickness of concrete elements with one-side access

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Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement

Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) - Used to evaluate the quality of concrete material, as well as studying the crack depth. The test can also be used to identify subsurface defects, and voids in concrete elements, such as concrete slabs, concrete walls Half-cell corrosion potential mapping is a quick nondestructive method for evaluating the likelihood of corrosion in concrete structures. It can be used to assess the probability of having active corrosion. Many other specialist testing are available for all types of materials using the latest technology in engineering. Specialist testing forms a critical role in the refurbishment and forensic projects as it identifies real life issues and defects not detectable through desktop studies and calculation, and supports findings of the earlier stages. The existing documentation of a structure is often very poor and sometimes incorrect. It might be necessary to redesign the structure with the probable former codes that were active when the structure was built. This can give enough knowledge about the structural mode of action, otherwise on-site testing must be undertaken to provide an understanding of the structure.


Structural analysis and design at Cundall Analysis

Interpretation

At Cundall, we adopt digital engineering techniques in combination with first principles to provide efficient safe solutions. We cover in depth structural analysis focusing on the issues and its corresponding effects on the overall structure. Cundall has experience in structural analysis and design for all types of structural systems and materials, ranging from complex geometry structures, concrete structures, steel structures, post tensioned design, wood plastic composite, timber and water retaining structures.

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Structural strengthening Strengthening

What is structural strengthening?

Some common strengthening techniques consist of:

Structural strengthening is the process of upgrading structures to improve performance under existing loads or to increase the strength of structural members to carry additional loads.

Concrete jacketing for strengthening of existing columns

Why structural strengthening? The need for structural strengthening is commonly driven by building codes, deterioration, change in use, or deficiencies caused by design and/or construction errors. Strengthening of concrete structures must be considered when the existing structure deteriorates or any alteration to the structure has to be made due to which the structure may fail to serve its purpose. Concerns must be taken to existing materials, often in deteriorated condition, loads during strengthening and to existing geometry. At Cundall, we provide guidance to clients of modern techniques to structural strengthening. The recommendations we provide ensure the client receives the most optimum, safe and efficient solution.

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Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement

Carbon fibre strips for strengthening existing reinforcement concrete and post tension slabs. External pre-stressing for post tension slabs Applying local thickening under slabs and drop panels Underpinning to stabilise existing structures. Increase foundation capacity using specialist grouting techniques. There are many other modern strengthening techniques for all types of structural systems and materials that Cundall can provide guidance on.


Recommendations for future maintenance Recommendations

At the end of the life cycle of the studies, Cundall provides a comprehensive list of recommendations that ensures the client receives the best service, advice and quality of the building. The recommendations vary from project to project, however typically entails the following aspects (but not limited to): Strengthening recommendations Testing recommendations

Importance of future prevention and maintenance The following figure shows schematically how a series of planned repair interventions will make a structure more cost efficient through its required service life. The planned interventions may be as simple as providing a new coating every 5 years or may involve a combination of different repair techniques e.g. patch repair, coatings and cathodic protection. State

Proactive maintenance

Cundall will advise if further surveys are required (Geotechnical, topographical, geophysical, etc) Recommendations on specialist companies and suppliers Tender adjudication and preparation Litigation preparation Recommendations of construction drawings, site supervision and future maintenance plans

Reactive strategy = repair

Cost

Service failure

Short disruptions. Minimal Long disruption of interruption of service Interruption of service

Time

Credit: DE SITTER’S LAW OF FIVES If you don’t do normal maintenance, you will be required to do repairs, which will cost FIVE times more than normal maintenance. If you don’t do repairs, you will have to replace, which will cost FIVE times more than repairs. Therefore, replacement costs 25 times more than normal maintenance.

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Case studies Luxury Residential Apartments Structural Investigation and Expert Witness, Qatar Ras Laffan Shipyard, Qatar Blyth Sewage Treatment Works, United Kingdom Intu Watford Extension, United Kingdom Marske Sewage Treatment Works, United Kingdom High-End Villa Compound Structural Investigation, Qatar Tower in Westbay, Qatar Vehicle Service Centre, Qatar AMC Cinemas – Khamis Mushayt and Mahayel, Saudi Arabia Yas Mall – Unit L1 157, United Arab Emirates Seaham Harbour, United Kingdom High-End Academy, United Arab Emirates Al Reem Plaza, Saudi Arabia Ship Lift Platform, Qatar Rice Silos, GCC Cartwright Gardens Student Accommodation, United Kingdom Regal House, United Kingdom Castlegate Shopping Centre and MSCP, United Kingdom

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Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement


Luxury Residential Apartments Structural Investigation and Expert Witness Qatar The luxury residence comprises of 9 residential buildings, 2 basement levels, ground level plus 7 storey residential buildings.

Client concerns

Services by Cundall

Health and Safety of the tenants Post tensioned basement 1 slab – Full depth cracks Basement 2 raft and retaining wall leaks

Report on findings of the visual survey Desktop study and data collection Detailed structural analysis on the basement 1 PT slab

Loss of revenue due to tenant concerns Damage to cars in parking due to water leaks through podium, basement cracks & swimming pool

Recommendations for the remedial works Provide input to the Quantity Surveyor to carry out a cost estimate for the remedial work Expert witness and arbitration

As part of the arbitration expert witness role Cundall provided an in depth investigation into the impact of full depth restraint cracks in post-tensioned slabs using complex 3D finite analysis and insitu testing to prove the reduced load slab capacity.

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Ras Laffan Shipyard Qatar

The Shipyard is located in the district of Ras Laffan Industrial City (RFIC) on the north-east cost of Qatar. The yard and dock facility is part of the overall 56 square kilometres purpose-built industrial city providing hydrocarbon export of Liquefied natural gas (LNG).

Client requirement Site survey Desktop study Development scope for rectification works Development of method statement for rectification work Part-time site supervision Structural assessment

Services by Cundall Initial investigation of the present condition of the site Review of the on-going issues and data collection, leading to an overall understanding of the condition Outline high, medium and low priority actions Provide conclusions and recommendations Assist in outlining provisional budgets and high-level cost analysis

Under a long term framework agreement Cundall were able to offer the client greater flexibility for the civil & structural maintenance at the Al Jalahma Shipyard in Ras Laffan.

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Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement


Blyth Sewage Treatment Works United Kingdom

To comply with the requirements of the Urban Waste Water Treatment directive, Northumbrian Water was required to provide preliminary, primary and secondary treatment for the whole of Blyth sewerage catchment within tight deadlines. The works comprised a new inlet pumping station, new inlet works, a new balanced flow Sequencing Batch Reactor plant, and sludge thickening plant to treat all of the Blyth catchment flows. The new works replaced the existing works, which was demolished

Client requirements

Services by Cundall

New inlet pumping station

Structural engineering

New inlet works

Civil engineering

A new balanced flow sequencing batch reactor plant, and sludge thickening plant to treat all of the Blyth catchment flows

Planning consultancy Safety project management

The new works replaced the existing works, which was demolished

The new nitrifying SBR works was designed for a full flow to treatment of 27,000 m3/d from a population equivalent of 35,000. The SBR tanks comprise 4 bays, 37m long by 18m wide with a hydraulic depth of 5.5m. The new nitrifying SBR works was designed for a full flow to treatment of 27,000 m³/d from a population equivalent of 35,000. Cundall carried out the structural design of the new sewage treatment plants from inception to construction.

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Intu Watford © Intu

Intu Watford Extension United Kingdom

Cundall is providing multi-disciplinary design services for the 400,00sqft intu Watford extension for Laing O’Rourke in the construction delivery of this complex retail and leisure scheme. The development will deliver the extension and the refurbishment of the existing intu Watford to provide an overall total of 1.4m sqft of space to create a full shopping and leisure offer at this major UK shopping destination.

Client requirements Mall refurbishment to achieve a modern feel

Services by Cundall Civil engineering Structural engineering Building services Fire engineering The two-storey development will be built above and into an existing basement service yard and car park and will deliver a 9-screen 1,500 seat Cineworld cinema including an IMAX screen along with a new 113,000sqft Debenhams store, 11 restaurants and 10 store units

Cundall’s experience in complex structural refurbishment has allowed us to provide safe, efficient and buildable solutions to the mall with minimal disruption on operations and within the clients budget.

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Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement

During this project, Cundall regularly went above and beyond our commission to identify potential threats to the suitability of the construction works on site as result of the lack of an integrated design related procurement programme Cundall led the process of driving the integration and development of the multidisciplinary design solutions to manage the risks of issues on site


Marske Sewage Treatment Works United Kingdom

To comply with the requirements of the Urban Waste Water Treatment directive, Northumbrian Water was required to provide preliminary, primary and secondary treatment for the whole of Marske sewerage catchment. Prior to construction of the new works, flows within the Marske STW catchment received preliminary treatment with sewage flows being discharged to the North Sea via a long sea outfall.

Marske STW was part of Northumbrian Water’s coastal programme.

Services by Cundall

New works comprised the construction of an inter-stage pumping station, a new balanced flow Sequencing Batch Reactor plant and sludge thickening plant to treat flows.

New inter-stage pumping station A new balanced flow sequencing batch reactor plant Sludge thickening plant to treat flows Structural engineering Civil engineering Planning consultancy Safety project management

Cundall’s experience in the structural design of treatment plants allowed us to provide the client with a clear and robust methodology to develop and agree the schematic design of the project at the earliest stage of design. This avoided delays due to redesign later in the project, saving time and money.

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High-End Villa Compound Structural Investigation Qatar

High-end villa compound is a fully integrated and master-planned villa compound, with a land area of approximately 200,000 m². The compound comprises of 500 luxury villa’s, tennis courts, gymnasium, swimming pools and nurseries. Cundall has done a detailed assessment using the WPC lab test results and provided solutions to the client to reuse all of the material whilst providing safety at the compound. The reuse of material has saved the client money during the remedial stage.

Client concerns Health and safety concerns for the tenants due to collapse of pergola beams Wood plastic composite (WPC) pergola failures Connection failures to the WPC beams Damages to cars parked in the driveways due to collapse of pergola beams Adequacy of the use of WPC in Qatar due to harsh environmental conditions

Cundall’s detailed investigation revealed the cause of the collapse and cost effective solutions to fix the problem.

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Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement

Services by Cundall Report on findings of the visual survey Desktop study and data collection Material study and scientific research Specialist material testing Detailed structural analysis Recommendations for the remedial works


Tower in Westbay Qatar

Signature tower in West bay is an iconic high-rise that comprises 46 floors above ground, three floors below ground and a total gross floor area of approximately 110,000 m². Cundall carried out a detailed analysis study and design verification for the structure in addition to carrying out the necessary concrete testing on site by appointing concrete testing specialists.

Client concerns

Services by Cundall

Basement wall leaks

Report on findings of the visual survey

Structural failure in stairs

Desktop study and data collection

Major structural cracks Concrete spalling Corrosion of reinforcement in the basement slabs Other miscellaneous items within the basements area

Carry out detailed structural analysis Material testing Interpretation

The testing onsite included concrete Core Testing, Impact Echo, Ground Penetrating Radar, Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves, Sonic Pulse Velocity, Infrared Thermography, and Resistivity Test. Cundall identified the root cause of the failures based on the analysis and concrete testing results and identified the optimum repair method for such defected areas.

Working together with the client Cundall came up with a phased approach to rectify all of the issues which prevented shutting down the carpark as this would have caused the client considerable problems with his tenants.

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Vehicle Service Centre Qatar

The vehicle service centre consists of a ground floor, 1st floor and roof level. The ground floor hosts 6 No. vehicle service bays with a separate reception area and spare parts storage.

Client concerns Major wall damages Column cracks Supporting beam cracks Signs of foundation settlement

Services by Cundall Report on findings of the visual survey Desktop study and data collection Carry out detailed structural analysis Material testing Interpretation The stages following the survey included the following: Initial Site Survey.

We were able to help resolve a dispute between the tenant and owner using advanced survey techniques such as ground penetration radar which showed large cavities beneath the foundations causing major settlement cracks throughout the building.

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Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement

Material testing on site through extracting concrete cores and GPR scanning. Geotechnical investigation to identify the cause of settlements through extracting boreholes and geophysical scanning. Collecting all testing results and provide a long-term solution to limit the differential settlement on site.


AMC Cinemas – Khamis Mushayt and Mahayel Saudi Arabia

AMC Khamis Mushayt project consists of a 12 screens multiplex type cinema facility within Khamis Mushayt Mall (KSA). The cinema unit of approximately 4,795 square meters. AMC Mahayel Assir project consists of a 3 screens multiplex type cinema facility within Al Makan Mall at Mahayel Assir area of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The cinema unit of approximately 1635.5 square meters is located at the first floor roof of the mall and intended to contain 328 seats in total.

Services by Cundall Report on findings of the visual survey Review of the IFC and as built information Recommendation for material testing Carry out detailed structural analysis Recommendations for the strengthening works

Detailed study on the existing hollow core slabs Cundall validated the existing structural capacity and stability against the new cinema loadings. Cundall have analysed the existing structure and identified the critical areas where the structure was found unsatisfactory and recommended the necessary testing and strengthening requirements.

Client concerns Feasibility of building a new Cinema on the roof With limited as-built information available Cundall were still able to provide cost effective safe solutions for the contractor to strengthen both buildings to allow adding new cinemas on the roof.

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Yas Mall – Unit L1 157 United Arab Emirates

The Project has been launched by the tenant to expand to a new premium Store. The tenant is one of the world’s most dominant tech companies and known for technology, design, and innovation. In continuing to its high-end brand, the client has requested a major renovation of the existing Sfera store in the Yas Mall in light of expanding its existing store.

Client requirements Health and safety considerations of the public and workers during construction

Feasibility study of transforming the existing store into a high end tech store Demolition of 5 existing columns Supporting the roof Removal of mezzanine – Double height store New store facade Assessment of existing skylights Assessment of existing transfer structure

Report on findings of the visual survey Review of the IFC and as built information Carry out detailed structural analysis IFC drawings Site supervision Assessment of existing skylights

Temporary stability strategy

Undertake Value Engineering and cost saving exercise to minimise demolition and strengthening.

Guidance on demolition strategy and construction sequence

Assessment of existing transfer structure

Addition of new skylights on the existing roof

Cundall achieved the aspirations and vision set by the Client, by providing innovative and efficient temporary and permanent structural engineering solutions. Today the construction of this premium store is successfully nearing completion.

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Services by Cundall

Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement

Addition of new skylights on the existing roof Temporary stability strategy Guidance on demolition strategy and construction sequence


Seaham Harbour United Kingdom

Redevelopment of Seaham North Dock to provide a new bespoke 2-storey building with an area of 503m² and associated services, floating pontoons for leisure craft and new dock gate at the entrance. The Innovative design of a new school in Liverpool has flexibility, fast construction time and reduced construction costs at the heart of the design. Willmott Dixon have completed the construction of the Notre Dame Catholic College in Liverpool for Liverpool City Council (LCC). The key principle within brief for the project was to design a simple building ‘shell’, which could then

be replicated on other sites and populated to suit the specialisms of other schools. The principles designed for this scheme have been adopted on subsequent school projects for LCC.

Services by Cundall Geotechnical investigation of the dock walls, ground and silt within the dock Structural design of the workshop/visitor centre building Drainage design

Client requirements Building services, civil, structural and geotechnical engineering and BREEAM assessment

Preparation of a performance specification for the dock gate and floating pontoon tenders and optioneering to determine whether or not the dock should be dredged

The design achieved the target rate of £1,200/m2,as well as being able to be constructed on a tight site within a short construction period.

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High-End Academy United Arab Emirates

Cundall were appointed by the client to carry out a visual non-intrusive structural survey and assessment on several structural elements of High-End Academy in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. This comes following strong winds resulting in structural collapse of the roof. The Academy is a welcoming, vibrant learning community.

Client requirement Structural assessment of collapsed roof Recommendations Health & Safety of the children attending the Academy

The due diligence commenced with a visual, non-intrusive survey of the Academy. The approximate age of the building is 20-25 years old.

Significant repairs were proposed by Cundall to rectify major structural damage to these prefabricated light weight buildings following a heavy storm event.

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Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement

Services by Cundall Structural survey Desktop study Recommendations to the client


Al Reem Plaza Saudi Arabia

A mall in GCC with a total GLA of 32,157 sqm. The mall is spread out across two levels and has 650 parking bays on the ground and first level. The roof of the mall was dedicated to staff accommodation with a size of 1,200 sqm.

Client requirements

Services by Cundall

Under the vision of the client, the mall is to under go redevelopment and will feature the following:

Initial investigation of the present condition of the site

Cinema – 4,500 m2

Feasibility study on the required development

Entertainment Zone (Andretti Karting, Doos Karting, Dave & Busters…, etc) – 7,100 m2

Structural analysis of existing building

Retail / F&B – 5,900 m2

Outline high, medium and low priority actions

Common area – 2,200m2

Provide conclusions and recommendations Assist in outlining provisional budgets and high-level cost analysis

The client had no as-built records for this heavy precast concrete building and the architect wanted to make significant structural alterations to increase retail profitability. Cundalls experienced engineers took care to provide safe buildable solutions that ensured the global stability of the building was maintained.

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Ship Lift Platform Qatar

The maintenance lift ship platform of one of the well-known ports in Qatar was originally constructed around 20 years ago and the structure served its design life without any issue. The platform has been put out of service because of its age, and a new platform has replaced the existing one.

Client concerns After constructing the platform and during the first phase of the load test (165ton = 25% of the ultimate load in 8 locations, certain bolts in the middle connections showed a stripping type of failure

Services by Cundall Structural Investigation Identifying the root cause of the issues Recommendations Structural Design Checks Related to the following have been performed: Structural capacity of members Connection design based on bearing type bolts. Finite element analysis of the steel connections. Strengthening calculations for remedial works

Cundall validated the design of the ship lift platform and introduced strengthening techniques for the new steel to steel connections through detailed finite element analysis of the connections.

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Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement


Rice Silos GCC

The supporting raft carrying the silos has been divided into seven parts by expansion joints as the following: Two rafts carrying 12 silos each. Four rafts carrying 6 silos each. One raft carrying 3 silos. Furthermore, reinforced concrete service tunnel has been provided below the supporting rafts.

Client concerns

Services by Cundall

Upon the completion of the substructure construction, the contractor noticed several issues that raised some concerns as follows; Vertical cracks along the tunnel walls from inside Cracks in the raft soffit Cracks around the openings

Structural investigation Identifying the root cause of the issues Recommendations Structural Design Checks Related to the following have been performed: Structural Capacity of Members Crack widths due to applied loadings Punching Shear Piles Capacity Early Thermal Cracking Check Soil Sensitivity Analysis

We carried out an independent technical peer review of the previous design which indicated that ignoring thermal effects and restraints due to stiff piles were the root cause of major concrete cracking on site.

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Cartwright Gardens © Tim Crocker

Cartwright Gardens Student Accommodation United Kingdom

Cundall were appointed by University Partnerships Programme to design a student accommodation scheme and refurbishment in central London which provides approximately 1,200 beds.

Services by Cundall Building services, Civil engineering Structural engineering Geotechnical engineering

Client requirements Demolition of three existing accommodation blocks The construction of a new 7-9-storey block Refurbishment of an existing 14-storey block at Cartwright Gardens, Bloomsbury, London

Transportation We appraised the existing building and undertook an extensive structural survey. This enabled us to recommend that the existing building could be stripped back to the existing primary structure and repaired, with appropriate design

We appraised the existing building and undertook an extensive structural survey which enabled us to recommend that the existing building could be stripped back to the existing primary structure and repaired, with appropriate design modifications. As a result, the existing building was completely renovated and economically provided over 200 bedrooms at 50% of the cost of a comparable new-build solution.

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Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement

modifications implemented. As a result, the existing building was completely renovated and economically provided over 200 bedrooms at 50% of the cost of a comparable new-build solution. The entire project was delivered in Revit in an integrated BIM environment. Models were uploaded and integrated on a weekly basis and then reviewed at weekly meetings. Challenges and opportunities were identified at an early stage and collaborative solutions generated.


Regal House© Scott Brownrigg

Regal House United Kingdom

Internal and external refurbishment of this iconic 1960’s 9-storey office building in central Twickenham. Our scope included engineering input into the various refurbishments throughout the building.

Client requirements The refurbishment and Cat A design of the first and second floors (20,000sq.ft. total) comprised strip out of existing office partitions and services to facilitate installation of a VRV cooling design with unit selection, within an open plan floor plate

Services by Cundall To provide space for the then proposed Travelodge hotel development, adjoining Regal House and the South West Train’s railway, Cundall structures managed the demolition of the existing first floor podium reinforced concrete structure. Careful specification and control of the demolition works avoided disturbance to tenants within

the fully operational building. Our design included for a new blockwork wall on the ‘cut’ line to provide separation from the new hotel structure To ensure the refurbished building would not need any significant remedial works for a long time, Cundall structures specified and managed concrete repairs to the external concrete structures for the whole building.

All windows to the first and second floors to be replaced as part of the refurbishment

Careful specification and control of the demolition works avoided disturbance to tenants within the fully operational building.

Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement

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Castlegate Shopping Centre and MSCP United Kingdom

The shopping centre and associated multi-storey carpark dominate the town centre and its main approaches into the heart of the town. Built in the 1970’s the facility had been repaired over its lifetime in an attempt to prolong the life of the complex, and in particular the car park.

Client requirement Major concerns with the structural condition were raised by the client in 2007 and Cundall was commissioned to investigate the nature of the deterioration and the potential structural implications. The carpark was to remain in operation whilst the immediate repair, and strengthening actions were implemented.

The car park was assessed by our engineers and remained in operation whilst the immediate repair, and strengthening actions were implemented. This included the introduction of innovative dropped column heads which extended the operational life of the car park by at least fifteen years.

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Structural refurbishment and forensic engineering capability statement

Services by Cundall We introduced innovative dropped column heads which extended the operational life of the car park by at least fifteen years A programme of deck repairs, saw the introduction of a cost effective solution, to control the reinforcement corrosion in the form of an active cathodic protection system. This required the installation of a ribbon anode embedded into the deck surface. This is now monitored remotely, and its performance logged. The parking decks were brought back to a pot hole free condition and coating was applied to provide a hard wearing decorative finish Specialist concrete repairs have saved the structure and refreshed the appearance of the main façade


For more information please contact:

Gordon Reid (Partner and Global Structural Leader) Newcastle, UK M +44771 096 8619 g.reid@cundall.com

Gary Dodds (Country Director) Doha, Qatar M +974 5052-8746 g.dodds@cundall.com www.cundall.com Asia Australia Europe MENA UK & Ireland


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