Building Tech Project 1

PRECAST CONCRETE SYSTEM

CHEONG YEN SIN 0328050

ELISA HIEW CHEN MIN 0328166

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY BLD61403

ASSIGNMENT 1

INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEM

ERNA LOOI TENG YAN 0328087

TUTOR: MR KHAIROOL

LI CHUN RON 0334555

LOOI KYE MENG 0327703

CONTENT ●

1.0 INTRODUCTION ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

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2.0 CONCEPT & FRAMEWORK ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

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Introduction to IBS Types of IBS Advantages & Disadvantages of IBS Standard Workflow Precast Concrete System Advantages & Disadvantages of Precast Concrete System Case Study

Proposed IBS System Features & Fabrication Foundation Cast In-situ Ground Floor Slab Precast Concrete Hollow Core Slab Precast Concrete Staircase Precast Steel Roof Truss Precast Wall Panels Precast Columns and Beams

3.0 SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

03

13

22

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4.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

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Foundation Precast Skeletal Structure Slabs Walls Staircase Roof

5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Floor Plans Elevations Sections Structural Plans Exploded Axonometric

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34

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6.0 IBS COMPONENT SCHEDULE

51

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7.0 IBS SCORE CALCULATION

73

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8.0 CONCLUSION

76

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9.0 REFERENCES

78 2

INTRODUCTION

1.0 3

INTRODUCTION TO IBS Industrialized Building system is defined as a technique of construction whereby the building components are manufactured in a controlled environment either on or off site. In Malaysia, IBS was actually introduced since the 1960s. The Malaysian Government ran several tests to gauge its potential and IBS has proven itself to be a success in terms of accelerating construction and improving the quality and affordability of projects that applied the use of IBS.

CIDB was formed in 1994 and they are encouraging and promoting IBS system through several ways.CIDB had set up IBS component gallery to showcases how flexible IBS construction can be and also provide training programme to train more contractors about IBS system.

Potential cost reduction of industrialised construction (CIB, 2010)

The most often used building components in IBS are walls, floors, beams and staircases. IBS construction technique has performed effectively in maintaining good quality results due to controlled mass production and it has also significantly reduced wastage of resources in the construction field. In Malaysia, every government projects must contain 70% of IBS system for their construction.

IBS component gallery.

4

TYPES OF IBS SYSTEMS IN MALAYSIA Open system

Closed system

Open system is a system which using different IBS components from multiple factories, assemble with each other and ready for used in building project. It is usually cheaper compared to closed system as it will encourage different manufactures to enter this market. In this open market, different building components can be assemble together for various building types. Customer can be involved in design as they can choose various building components using catalogue by different factories.

Closed system is a system which will only use IBS component with specific size in term of a basic unit from only one manufacturer.

This system is mainly use in Malaysia. Closed system divide into two different categories which are production based on client’s design and production based on precaster’s design. The cost per component is higher due to the standardisation of specific design.

It can be mass production as there is sufficient demand for the specific type of component for specific type or building.

TYPES OF IBS CONSTRUCTION IN MALAYSIA There are 6 main types of IBS used in Malaysia which are : 1. PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMING

2. STEEL FORMWORK SYSTEM

Precast a panel in a standard dimension faster the construction and also ensure the high quality finish. Some component of this system are precast concrete columns, beams, slabs, walls, lightweight precast concrete and permanent concrete formwork. It is the most common system in Malaysia

This is the least prefabricated among all the other IBS system because it involves site casting. It contain tunnel forms, beams and columns moulding forms, and permanent steel formworks.

5

TYPES OF IBS CONSTRUCTION IN MALAYSIA 3. STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM This system consists of precast concrete slabs, steel columns/beams and steel and steel framing systems. It is normally used in fast-track construction. Other than that, it is commonly used for light steel trusses.Steel portal frame systems are used to be replaced for the traditional and heavier hot-rolled sections.

4. TIMBER FRAMING SYSTEM Timber roof trusses are commonly used in this system.

Apart of that, timber building frames are also used for this system as a simple dwellings such as chalets.

5. BLOCKWORK SYSTEM

6. INNOVATIVE SYSTEM

This system consists of interlocking concrete masonry units (CMU) and lightweight concrete blocks. Non structural wall can be made up of block system as an alternative way for conventional brick and plaster.

The mixture of two elements is called innovation system. It is the latest IBS system. Some of the examples of this system are polystyrene and concrete to produce a better heat insulation component. With the rapid growth of technology and innovation, more and more materials are at the fabricate stage such as gypsum, wood wool, polymer, ďŹ berglass and aluminium-based IBS components.

6

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF IBS

Advantages of IBS

Disadvantages of IBS

1.

Reduction of unskilled labour The use of IBS increases the speed of the construction and the number of labour is decreased.

1.

High initial cost The initial cost include cost for setting up factories, manufacturing materials and more which contributes to a large investment of money.

2.

Minimal wastage and less site material The standardized component reduces the construction waste and lessens the in-site work.

2.

3.

Cleaner environment The reduction of materials, site workers and construction waste lead to cleaner environment.

Highly skilled worker needed Training is needed for worker to control the process and quality of the IBS components. .

Transportation inflexibility Larger lorries are needed in order to transport larger IBS components. Redesigned lorries might be required to allow transportation of large components and to follow the road regulations.

4.

Controlled quality and aesthetic IBS has a controlled quality and aesthetic as it is prefabricated in a controlled environment.

5.

6.

3.

4.

Limited supply Limited supply due to limited manufacturers of IBS components in Malaysia.

Faster project completion The simple installation process for standardized component speeds up the project completion.

5.

Reduce job opportunity Less workers are needed due to the installation of IBS is easier compared to the conventional system.

Cost saving Lower construction cost because the materials of the formwork of IBS system are mostly made for repetitive usage.

6.

Prefabricated components are inflexible Component is not flexible and rigid as there is standardized dimension that the design need to adhere to.

7

STANDARD WORKFLOW OF IBS 1.

Design phase Design IBS components based on the speciďŹ cation in MS 1064 and standard guidelines.

2.

Production line Manufacturers produce IBS component with standard dimensions in a controlled environment to ensure the quality of the produced IBS components.

3.

Transport to site IBS components are transported from the factory to the construction site.

4.

Assembly on site IBS components are assembled on site with the help of trained workers and machineries..

5.

Completion Finishes and painting are added to achieve the aesthetic value.

8

PRECAST CONCRETE SYSTEM Precast concrete system is a construction of casting concrete in a mold or form which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and lifted and set into place. Precast concrete has many advantages over cast in-situ concrete construction in terms of cost, efficiency, quality and labour. Precast concrete systems has its own characteristics that will influence the layout, construction depth, stability and span length of the building so architects have to take note of these elements before designing a precast concrete building.

TYPES OF PRECAST CONCRETE SYSTEMS 1. LARGE PANEL SYSTEM Large panel system carries the load through large floor and wall panels. Large panel walls and large panel floors are connected horizontally and vertically so that the panel enclosed appropriate space to become a room. The panels can resist gravity load. The vertical panels are usually one story high and the horizontal panels span can either be one way or two way slabs. There are different configuration of the panel depending on the layout such as cross-wall system, longitudinal-wall system and two-way system.

2. FRAME SYSTEM Frame system carries the load through their beam and girders to the column and to the ground. The precast frame are made of linear element or spatial beam column sub-assemblages. The linear element means placing the connecting face at the beam column junction, the shear then transfer from the beam to the column.

3. SLAB-COLUMN SYSTEMS WITH SHEAR WALLS Slab-column system is mainly used to resist gravity loads. It can be divided to two main systems which are lift-slab system with walls and prestressed slab-column system. The load bearing structure of lift-slab systems are precast reinforced concrete columns and slabs that are assembled by special joints. The prestressed slab-column system uses horizontal prestressing in different direction to connect the slab and beam.

9

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PRECAST CONCRETE SYSTEM

Advantages

Disadvantages

1.

Time saving The risk of delay for casting concrete is low. It can be carried out at the same time with earthwork, survey etc.

1.

2.

Cost effective The process of precast concrete is easy as it can reduce the time and also increases the productivity..

2.

3.

4.

5.

Durability Longer lifetime and minimal maintenance. It is durable to acid attack, corrosion and resists accumulation of dust.

3.

Handling difficulties Need to be very careful on handling precast concrete component as precast member is heavy and large or else it may lead to damage.

4.

Modification Precast structures are hard to be modified. The modification of the specific structure may impact the overall stability of the structure.

5.

Sensitive connection works The connection of each of every structural members has to be correct and precise as a mistake may lead to leakage or fail sound insulation.

Controlled quality and aesthetic Different colors and textures can be used during prefabricated process and the finishing is smooth Safer Site No more raw materials on site for precast concrete construction. The conventional formworks, wastage and workers will be reduce and thus provide a safe working platform.

High initial investment The machineries and plant for installation of precast concrete such as crane tower is necessary and expensive. .

Transportation inflexibility The distance of manufacturer and construction site might be far. Trailers is needed for transport the precast concrete components.

10

CASE STUDY - SERDANG HOSPITAL Project name : Serdang Hospital Architect: Gabungan Architect Sdn Bhd Area size: 130,000 sqm Location: serdang, selangor malaysia IBS system: Hybrid system ( Precast concrete & steel framing) Construction period: 4 Months IBS is widely used in government projects such as school, hospital, university and so on. Serdang hospital is one of a example of government project in Malaysia. It is a 9 storey building.It is the ďŹ rst steel composite hospital in Malaysia. This hospital is mainly to serve the population of Kajang, Bangi, Putrajaya and Bangi. There are 20 operating theatres, 19 wards and 620 beds in total.

The IBS system used by Serdang Hospital is hybrid system which consists of precast concrete and steel framing. This system is commonly used in large public buildings. The superstructure of the building is steel frame while the slabs are made of precast concrete and lightweight concrete blocks for wall.

The use of IBS system helps the project in saving cost as they get 30% reduction for their cost and also construction time.

Component

Material

Structural system

Steel

Floor system

Precast concrete

Wall system

Lightweight concrete block

11

CASE STUDY - SK BRICKFIELDS 1, KUALA LUMPUR Project name : Sekolah Kebangsaan Brickfields 1 IBS system : Precast concrete system Area : 9900m2

Component

Material

Floor system

Hollow core floor slab

Column and beam system

Precast concrete

Wall system

Precast concrete

Start of project : 6 February 2003 Completion : 17 September 2003 Construction period : 7 ½ months Sekolah Kebangsaan Brickfields 1 was established in 1954, originally called Brickfields School Kuala Lumpur. It is a national school located at Jalan Sultan Abdul Samad. The building was demolished on February 2003 and the construction of the present Sekolah Kebangsaan Brickfields 1 was build. It is a 4 storeys building. There are 75% of building components were prefabricated.

Installation of precast column

Installation of floor slab

Installation of precast staircases

Completion of external wall

12

CONCEPT & FRAMEWORK

2.0 13

PROPOSED IBS SYSTEM The proposed IBS system, precast concrete system component to be implied to a designed 3-storey apartment building. Precast systems’ components can be erected quickly, speeding up construction time and reducing the building cost.

FEATURES & FABRICATION PRECAST BUILDING COMPONENTS

Precast Steel Roof Truss

Precast Concrete Beam Precast Concrete Wall Panel Precast Concrete Staircase Precast Concrete Column

Cast in-situ Pad Footing

Precast Concrete Hollow Core Slab

14

CAST IN-SITU PAD FOOTING Construction Material : Reinforce Concrete Cast in-situ reinforced concrete pad footing was proposed in this project. Pad foundations are shallow foundation that take and spread point loads to the soil safely. The pad foundation are preferred if the soil at the site have suďŹƒcient strength and is not too deep to construct that without making the foundations pressure exceed the permissible bearing stress.The thickness of pad foundations are generally uniform. The design of pad foundation is simple and straight which makes them an economic solution. They are usually designed in square plan to make reinforcing cage easier to construct and place. Rectangular pads are used for eccentric loading.

Factors for selection of foundation - The safe bearing capacity of soil -The load to be supported - The column arrangement - Site conditions - Accessibility - Subsurface conditions - The depth of water table - Cost conditions Cross section of pad footing.

15

CAST IN-SITU GROUND FLOOR SLAB Construction Material : Reinforce Concrete Cast-in-place concrete, also known as poured-in-place, is a concreting technique which is undertaken in situ or in the concrete component’s finished position.

Cast in-situ concrete construction is always one of the best methods for concrete floor system. Concrete floor system are made of brs, fabric and some strands which are highly stressed. The prestressing with cables in concrete helps it to withstand the deflection. With concrete floor system, the need of camber formwork can be minimised, Due to its efficiency the in situ concrete slab is used worldwide for building construction. In situ concrete floor, construction is labour intensive and developing countries take advantage of it being so.

Casting ground floor slab on site.

Advantages - Flexibility of shape and size - Adaptability to any design with different texture and colour - Casting in “Sandwich” to incorporate polystyrene sheet insulation.

- Low maintenance - Universal availability - Formwork is straightforward and easy to work on Limitations - Requires excavation and on-site forms to be created and placed - Unexpected weather will delay progress - Concrete is subject to outside variables and changing conditions, testing need to be performed on site.

Cross section of ground floor slab

16

PRECAST CONCRETE HOLLOW CORE SLAB Construction Material : Concrete Precast concrete hollow core slab is a precast slab of prestressed concrete that are widely used in multi-storey apartment buildings. It is also known as the most sustainable floor system and has far smaller CO2 footprint. It was manufactured using high tensile strength prestressed strands and single wire which are embedded within the element and create a constant cross section. The production of these elements are cast in one phase along a production bed without any formworks. It also can be used with different supporting structures such as, concrete constructed walls, brick built walls, steel structures, on-site concrete cast structures, prefabricated beams etc. Unlikely wood and steel floor system, hollow core provides immediate access for other trades with minimal preparation for final conditions.

Advantages - Assured quality - Excellent lower surface finish ready to paint - Quick and easy installation - Great fire resistance - High load capacity and rigidity - Easy project implementation giving designers greater versatility - Easily adapted to enable mounting of ancillary building system - Light weight - Big cost savings - Efficient span/depth-ratio leading to reduced storey height - High durability and load resistance - Great thermal properties and acoustic insulation - Green product reduced use of raw material - Can be used in seismic zones - Produces flexibility Limitation - Rules have to be followed for drilling opening in this system to make sure primary reinforcement can be avoided.

Types of precast concrete slabs in various modular dimensions.

Connection of beam and hollow core slab.

Cross section of concrete hollow core slab.

17

PRECAST CONCRETE STAIRCASE Construction Material : Reinforce Concrete Precast staircases are made up of reinforced concrete that precasted and placed on site. Precast stairs is a better choice to speed up the site production than cast in-situ concrete. It produces better surfaces finishes, avoids inherent problem of casting complicated inclined sections on site and provides rapid access to successive floors. It also reduced construction waste. They also allow a more constant temperature both in col and hot regions, as well as acoustic insulation. The density of the material ensures effective sound reduction, making this an ideal choice for commercial and residential use. So it is one of the best options to eliminate the trouble of adjusting the number of steps, rise, run and width of each stair flight. Precast stairs are also available in few types, a single precast unit containing all the flights and landings, separate precast flights and landing, parts of the flights and landings are made in one unit.

The precast stairs that proposed in this project is the single precast unit, which is easier to install.

Advantages - Eliminate the need of forming landings on-site.

- Durable and maintenance free - Eliminates the need for temporary stairs during construction - Better quality control - Positioned and fixed by semiskilled labour - Inherent fire rating - Superior sound and vibration control - Compliance with Building Control Regulations - Accommodate progressive collapse requirements.

- Speed and ease of installation - Cost effective - Variety of size and types

Cross section of precast concrete staircase.

Limitation - Efficient transport and lifting vehicles are a prerequisite for the use of industrially manufactured precast concrete elements.

- Additional care is needed to achieve monolithic joints between precast stair elements and cast in-situ structural elements.

18

PREFABRICATED STEEL ROOF TRUSS Construction Material : Steel Steel trusses are the most popular system for supporting long span roofs. It offers a high strength, lightweight roof system that minimize the installation time on site. It also effectively transfer all the weight to the building’s exterior walls, relieving the load from the interior walls. Even the cost of steel trusses are higher than timber trusses, but it is more durable and low maintenance. Metal roof truss are preferable as building structure is because it have a more precise measurement than wood. In addition to meet stringent green building certification requirements, steel is strong, durable and resistant to the majority of the threats that wood trusses are vulnerable to. But wooden trusses still dominate the residential industry, where additional strength is needed, or where greater free spans are required steel roofs are preferred.

Advantages High strength-to-weight ratio Span further than wood truss Can be manufactured to exact standards.

- Allow larger shipment that can reduce time to get to site.

Fire resistant without chemical treatment - Compatible with almost all types of roofing systems No insect infestations can occur Low maintenance Recyclable and environmentally friendly More usable space inside building Limitation Skilled labour - Different tool requirements

is

required

for

Cross section of steel roof.

installation

19

PRECAST WALL PANELS Construction Material : Concrete Precast concrete wall panels can vary form an exposed aggregate finish that is highly ornamental to a form face finish that is similar to cast-in-place, yet it can save the time of installation in site.When the concrete is strong enough, the wall panels are lifted and placed in the desired positions for the building. This method is commonly known as tilt-up constructions. Some precast panels can acts as column covers or incorporate with window openings.Typically, each precast panel is independently supported to the building structure. Precast concrete wall systems offer a wide variety of shapes, colors, textures and finishes.Precast units for roof and floor are usually prestressed. But precast wall units are usually conventionally reinforced with inert steel bars. Precast wall systems are mostly used in domestic construction, both for individual housing and apartments.

Advatanages - Great thermal performance - Moisture protection - Fire safety - Sound proof - Durable and stable - Low maintenance - Energy efficient - Aesthetic - Lowest life-cycle cost - Economical Limitations - Cranes required to lift panels - Skilled workmanship is required in the application of the panel on site.

Limitations - Large weight and size, cannot be transported to long distance from factory.

Installation of precast concrete wall panels by machineries.

20

PRECAST COLUMN AND BEAMS Construction Material : Reinforce Concrete Precast columns and beams provide a flexible solution to the structural component for a project. They can be designed and manufactured to your specifications and can incorporate additional features and fittings. Multi storey columns are cast with corbels or alternative connections at locations to suit the beams at intermediate levels. While columns are typically used to support beams and spandrels in applications such as parking structure and precast concrete structural systems of all types. They generally are designed as multilevel components ranging from a single storey to six levels and more. Beams that proposed in this project isL-beams that can support the floor slab. Beams can be reinforced with either prestressing stand or conventional reinforcing bars. This will depend on spans, loading conditions and the precast producer’s preferred production methods.

Advantages - Flexibility in design for shape and application - Durable compared to alternative building materials - Controlled quality - Fireproofing - Works well with other precast components to form a Total Precast - Clean, finished look - Easy and safe installation - Time and cost saving

Cross section of precast column and beams.

Limitations - Required skilled workers for installation.

- Required transport and lifting machines for installation.

Installation of precast columns and beams.

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SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

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3.0 SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

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3.0 SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

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3.0 SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

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CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

4.0 26

4.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS FOUNDATION CAST IN-SITU PAD FOOTING FOUNDATION Pad-footing foundation is usually used for small scale and low rise construction works. The pad-footings are used to carry and spread out concentrated loads carried by each column.

1. The position of the pad footings are set out according to structural plans of the building.

Exploded axonometric of pad footing foundation.

2. Next, excavation takes place according to the depth and dimensions of the foundation works.

3. The formwork of the pad footings are erected on the excavated land to allow pouring of concrete.

4. Then the column is joined to the column splice through bolted mechanical connections.

5. Then, concrete is poured into the formwork and allowed to sit and cure. Once the concrete is cured, the formwork will be removed.

6. Precast ground beams will be installed and the excavated soil will be backďŹ lled until it reaches ground oor slab placement level.

27 Cross section of pad footing foundation.

4.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS PRECAST SKELETAL STRUCTURE PRECAST COLUMNS 1. Precast concrete columns are manufactured off-site and delivered on to site for the installation process.

2. Precast columns are lined accordingly to column placements in structural plans.

3. The columns are lowered onto each other with metal bearing plates in-between.

Construction sequence of precast column.

4. Then the column is joined to the column splice through bolted mechanical connections.

5. A moment resisting connection is made by lowering the precast column into place and then fastening the nuts to create a tight and sturdy connection.

6. Lasty, the anchor bolt recesses are ďŹ nished with grout and the installation of the precast column is complete.

28 Cross section of precast column.

4.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS PRECAST SKELETAL STRUCTURE PRECAST BEAMS 1.The precast beams are manufactured off-site and delivered on to site for the installation process.

2. The precast beams are laid out onto column corbels with metal bearing pads in between.

3. Welded plates are already pre-casted into column and beams.

4. Then, the beams are connected to the columns through nuts and bolts.

Cross section of precast beams.

29

4.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS SLABS CAST IN-SITU GROUND FLOOR SLAB 1. Ground floor slabs are required to be cast in-situ for optimum distribution of loads towards the earth.

2. Reinforcement bars are assembled first, then formwork will be erected around the ground floor according to the setting out guidelines.

3. Then concrete mixture will be poured into the formwork. Once the concrete is cured, the formwork will be stripped off.

HOLLOW CORE SLAB 1. Precast concrete hollow core slabs are manufactured off-site and delivered on to site for the installation process.

Exploded axonometric of hollow core slabs.

2. After installation of column and beams, slabs will be placed into the frame structure.

3. The slabs will be lifted up and placed onto the frame structure using a crane.

4. Slabs are placed according to the design of the building and sits on the precast beams for support.

5. Slabs are tied to the beam using frictional ties.

Cross section of hollow core slabs.

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4.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS WALLS PRECAST SOLID WALL PANELS 1. Precast concrete wall panels are manufactured off-site and delivered on to site for the installation process.

2. Precast wall panels are lifted into place via lifting devices such as cranes.

3. Panels are installed into the precast frame system.

4. Panels are connected to each other, oors, and roof elements by using metal plates and angles.

5. Then, the wall panels are fastened by welding or bolting.

Precast solid wall panels lift-up method.

31 Cross section of precast solid wall panels and slabs.

4.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS STAIRCASE PRECAST CONCRETE STAIRCASE 1. Staircases are manufactured off-site in a controlled environment and delivered onto the site for installation.

2. Precast stairs landing are secured to the walls and beams with steel brackets and fastened through bolting.

Cross section of floor levels.

Cross section of staircase landing connected to precast concrete wall.

Cross section of staircase steps connected to precast concrete slab.

Cross section of precast staircase connected to precast landing unit.

32

4.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS ROOF PREFABRICATED STEEL ROOF TRUSS 1. Steel trusses are prefabricated off-site and delivered to the site.

2. Trusses are lifted by crane and placed on supporting beams.

3. Connection of truss to beam is locked using bolts and nuts.

4. Purlins are screwed onto trusses with bolts and nuts.

Elevation of prefabricated steel roof truss.

5. Underlayment material such as aluminium netting, rock wool insulation and reection foil insulation are placed after the purlins.

5. Underlayment materials are covered with galvalume metal roof panels and then screwed securely onto the roof.

Roof finishing materials.

33

TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

5.0 34

5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

ARCHITECTURAL ROOF FLOOR PLAN 1:100

35

5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

ARCHITECTURAL GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1:100

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5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

ARCHITECTURAL FIRST FLOOR PLAN 1:100

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5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

ARCHITECTURAL SECOND FLOOR PLAN 1:100

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5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

NORTH ELEVATION 1:100

39

5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

SOUTH ELEVATION 1:100

40

5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

EAST ELEVATION 1:100

41

5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

WEST ELEVATION 1:100

42

5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

SECTION A-A’ 1:100

43

5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

SECTION B-B’ 1:100

44

5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

GROUND FLOOR STRUCTURAL PLAN 1:100

45

5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

FIRST FLOOR STRUCTURAL PLAN 1:100

46

5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

SECOND FLOOR STRUCTURAL PLAN 1:100

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5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC NOT TO SCALE

48

5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC NOT TO SCALE

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5.0 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC NOT TO SCALE

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IBS COMPONENT SCHEDULE

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IBS SCORE CALCULATION

7.0 73

7.0 IBS SCORE CALCULATION IBS CALCULATION CONSTRUCTION AREA

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Construction area ground floor : 276.5m2 Construction area 1st floor : 276.5m2 Construction area 2nd floor : 276.5m2 Roof area : 341.8m2

Beams : Precast concrete beams Columns : Precast concrete columns Floor slab : Precast hollow core floor slabs Roof truss : Prefabricated steel roof truss

WALL SYSTEM

Total construction area : 1171.3m2

1.

2.

Internal wall : Precast concrete panel wall External wall : Precast concrete panel wall

IBS SCORING TABLE Elements

Area (M2)

Factor

Coverage

IBS score

Part 1 STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS 1.

Precast construction system (Precast beam/column/hollow core slab)

859.5

1.0

859.5/1171.3=0.71

0.71x1.0x50=35.7

2.

Prefab steel roof trusses

341.8

1.0

341.8/1171.3=0.29

0.29x1.0x50=14.3

1.0

50

TOTAL PART 1

1171.3

74

7.0 IBS SCORE CALCULATION Elements

Area (M2)

Factor

Coverage

IBS score

1. Precast external wall

585.4

1.0

585.4/1427.1=0.41

0.41x1.0x20=8.2

2. Precast internal wall

841.7

1.0

841.7/1427.1=0.59

0.59x1.0x20=11.8

TOTAL PART 2

1427.1

1.0

20

1.Column size based on MS1064 part 10

100%

4

2. Beam size based on MS1064 part 10

100%

4

3. Slab size based on MS1064 part 10

20.9%

0

4. Wall size based on MS1064 part 10

56.3%

2

5. Door size based on MS1064 part 4

100%

4

6. Window size based on MS1064 part 5

100%

4

7. Repetition of Floor to floor height

100%

2

8. Repetition of Vertical Structural Floor Layout

100%

2

9. Repetition of Horizontal Structural Floor Layout

100%

2

Part 2 WALL SYSTEMS

Part 3 OTHER SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

TOTAL PART 3

24

IBS CONTENT SCORE OF PROJECT (PART 1 + PART 2 + PART 3)

94

75

CONCLUSION

8.0 76

8.0 CONCLUSION To sum things up, our 3-storey apartment building has achieved an IBS score of 94 out of 100 which is considerably high. This shows that if the construction of the building is executed well, the building would be able to perform well in terms of its use of IBS features and its advantages to the community and economy.

Throughout this project, we have gained a deeper understanding of IBS systems in Malaysia and also our chosen IBS system, precast concrete system. We have learned the great attributes of IBS system and how it benefits the construction industry in terms of efficiency, cost-saving, and many more. Moreover, we have understood how each building component contributes to the IBS score and how to design a efficient IBS building.

Precast concrete systems are highly efficient with the correct execution. Precast concrete systems are cost effective, time saving and durable. Even though it takes a short amount of time to build, the quality of production is high due to it being manufactured in a controlled environment.

IBS system is a great invention to the construction industry. It has been gaining popularity throughout the years and might pioneer one day as a regularly used construction method. Even though the IBS system sounds simple, there are still many details that the architects and builders need to take note of to produce a safe and fully functional IBS building.

All in all, this project has helped us gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for IBS systems. We will keep this knowledge in our minds and use it to contribute to the built environment in the future.

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REFERENCES

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9.0 REFERENCES Ching, F. (2014). Building construction illustrated. 5th ed. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons.

Karib, S., Azmi, M. and Ismail, D. (2016). Heights. 3rd ed. Malaysia: CIDB Malaysia.

Precast Concrete: Advantages and Disadvantages (2017). Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/construction/precast-concrete-construction.php Precast Building System (2018). Retrieved from Sagar Shah - https://www.slideshare.net/SagarShah118/precast-building-system Timber or Steel Roof Trusses (2018). Retrieved from https://www.buildsteel.org/framing-products/roof-trusses/timber-or-steel-roof-trusses/ Concrete @ Your Fingertips (2016). Retrieved from Michael Collins - http://www.concrete.org.uk/fingertips-nuggets.asp?cmd=display&id=315 Precast Concrete Wall Systems (2019). Retrieved from https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/wall-systems/precast-concrete-wall-systems Wall Panels Wall Panels (2017). Retrieved from https://www.spancrete.com/precast-products/wall-panels Reinforced Precast Concrete Columns (2016). Retrieved from https://floodprecast.ie/precast-concrete-products/precast-concrete-columns/ Columns And Beams, Precast Columns And Beams (2018). Retrieved from http://www.oreillyconcrete.com/products/columns-beams/ J. A. (2019). Ibs Complete. Retrieved May 11, 2019, from https://www.scribd.com/doc/21794505/Ibs-Complete

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9.0 REFERENCES IBS Modular Sdn Bhd. (1970, January 01). Industrialised Building System - A Brief Background. Retrieved May 6, 2019, from http://ibsmodular.blogspot.com/2008/02/industrialised-building-system-brief.html Mahdi, A. (n.d.). Sheikh Anwarul Mahdi. Retrieved May 13, 2019, from https://civiltoday.com/civil-engineering-materials/concrete/232-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-precast-concrete MIDF research. (2014, February 14). Construction IBS practical solution to rising cost. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Nawawi, N. M. (2017, November 12). Recent Development of Healthcare Architecture in Malaysia. Reflecting the 50th Year of Independence 1957-2007 Conference Paper · November 2007 with 100 Reads. Retrieved May 8, 2019, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299457449_Recent_Development_of_Healthcare_Architecture_in_Malaysia_Reflecting_the_50th_Ye ar_of_Independence_1957-2007 W. T., Peng, L. W., & Kadir, M. A. (2013, September). THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEM. Retrieved May 9, 2019, from http://leewp33.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/characteristic-ibs.pdf Understanding Open System in IBS. (n.d.). Retrieved May 8, 2019, from https://www.scribd.com/document/336378514/Understanding-Open-System-in-IBS UTHM Follow. (2014, July 08). Presentation ibs. Retrieved May 5, 2019, from https://www.slideshare.net/finalistfarrah/presentation-ibs T. A. (2016, August 12). WHAT IS "INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM" (IBS). Retrieved May 8, 2019, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-industrialized-building-system-ibs-tunku-ariff

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