Regeneration of Aristotelous Square & Axis

REGENERATION OF ARISTOTELOUS SQUARE & AXIS An open concept design architectural competition

Mayor’s foreword

When trying to remember a city, when attempting to recall images that are typical of a location that is unique, we bring to our mind landmarks, monuments or squares. And this link is so inextricable that sometimes their name becomes a synonym of the city’s name.

Squares, in particular, form integral parts of a city.

A square, evolving hand in hand with its urban surroundings, expands and changes through time, it is affected by and it participates in historical events; and this course assigns to it a special significance, an identity and a unique character. The relation between a city and a square, both interactional and interactive, forms a distinctive urban landscape and becomes a powerful element, especially in the European urban space.

In the case of Thessaloniki, this role is unquestionably played by the square and axis of Aristotelous. After the great fire of 1917, the reconstruction of the city was assigned to the “International Committee for the New Plan of Thessaloniki” chaired by the French architect Ernest Hébrard. His vision to create a monumental axis that would extend up to the location where Thessaloniki’s Ancient (Roman) Forum was later unearthed, a plan that was only partially realised, was decisively affected by western architecture, European and Arabic elements, as well as Neo-Byzantine features that were used to underline the close link between the city and the Byzantine Empire.

Konstantinos Zervas The Mayor of Thessaloniki

Today, several years after the latest interventions to the axis of Aristotelous, we launch a public discourse about its upgrade. It is our mission to capture in space Thessaloniki’s ambitions for the 21st century respecting, at the same time, its past and those special traits that rendered it not only a colourful canvas that combined different cultures and architectural approaches, but also a lively cell in modern Greek history.

An International Architectural Competition would attract international attention to this regeneration project and, at the same time, produce a design that integrates and reflects the modern spirit of Thessaloniki and the city’s aspirations. Through this project, we wish to reintroduce Thessaloniki to the world, to place it back on old and new maps –touristic, business, cultural, historical- and, at the same time, significantly upgrade public space.

This project forms part of an overall effort to reform and revive the urban environment. Hand in hand with other regeneration projects, construction projects and infrastructures that have been planned or are currently in progress, this project will lead us to a new era of optimism, new possibilities and new potential for Thessaloniki, the city that flourished and evolved for the last 24 centuries.

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HELLENIC REPUBLIC CITY OF THESSALONIKI GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE OF URBAN DESIGN & ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS DEPARTMENT OF MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN

ORGANISER City of Thessaloniki

Table of contents 7

Introduction

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Competition Brief

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1. The competition scope 1.1 Thessaloniki at a glance 1.2 The design area 1.3 The Main Design Axes 1.4 Competition goals 1.5 Competition directions 1.6 #Aristotelous Axis: The questionnaire The identity of Aristotelous monumental axis through the experience of its citizens.

DATE December 2020 LOCATION Thessaloniki, Greece CONTACT INFO Directorate of Urban Design and Architectural Designs tel.: 2313 318470

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2.1 A historical retrospect of Aristotelous axis 2.2 Protection Regime

email: dasam@thessaloniki.gr

FILES REQUIRED FOR THE COMPETITION:

To download these files, please visit the competition publication site.

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NOTICE.docx TENDER SPECIFICATIONS.docx

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TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING OF THE STUDY AREA.pdf

ADDITIONAL FILES: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF URBAN ROADS AND OPEN PUBLIC SPACES.pdf MAP OF PROPOSED BIKE LANES NETWORK.pdf

4. Competition info 4.1 Competition timeline 4.2 Approvals required 4.3 Designs required 4.4 Design specifications & Deliverables 4.5 Design Stages and Time schedule

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING OF THE STUDY AREA.dwg

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR BUS STOP SHELTERS 2020.pdf

3. Maps 3.1 Map of Land Uses – current situation 3.2 Map of Land Uses – proposal 3.3 Map of Monuments 3.4 Map of Planned Emblematic Projects

CALL FOR TENDERS.docx PRE-ESTIMATE OF FEES.docx

2. The Axis of Aristotelous from its creation till today

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References

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Annex

Introduction

Today, Aristotelous axis is one of the most identifiable spots in Thessaloniki, a popular destination for city residents and visitors, a meeting point, a location where locals like to hang out and public events are hosted, a place of collective and personal memories. Locals have strong sentimental ties with this part of their city, they choose Aristotelous square as a meeting and recreation point, as a walking route, but also as a place of collective participation in events and rallies. There’s no denying that the enjoyment of this space does not arise from the obsolete aesthetics and functionality of the public urban space, as formulated after the pedestrianization of the axis, but mainly from the exceptional architecture of the axis, its location in the heart of the wall-enclosed city, its vertical length and its theatre-like end point facing the waterfront, which provide an unobstructed visual contact with the sea.

The competition’s main goals are, therefore, to qualitatively and environmentally upgrade the public space along Aristotelous axis, including the homonymous square, its pedestrianized sections and the rectangular widening of the axis at its cross point with Egnatia street, to enhance the identity of place, to revive public space by applying the principles of modern urban design and respecting its historical significance, to remove marginalization –where recorded-, to boost the attractiveness of space and increase the flow of visitors.

What is pursued is the selection of the best and most integrated proposal for the regeneration of Aristotelous axis, in terms of functionality, aesthetics, engineering and cost; a proposal that is based on the highest artistic and scientific standards, and on the principles of sustainable design, so as to lead to the creation of a highquality, modern and original architectural project.

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Competition brief

The City of Thessaloniki is inviting multi-disciplinary design teams to re-design the public space along the historic Aristotelous axis. The ambition is to create a world-class and vibrant piece of inclusive public realm, which respects the area’s cultural heritage while also responds positively to the citizen’s everyday lifestyle and to the city’s climate change goals.

Thessaloniki is a dynamic and attractive city with a walkable city centre. The Aristotelous axis is located in the heart of Thessaloniki’s urban fabric and is a beloved, year-round city’s destination for residents and visitors.

The most well-known part of the axis is the rectangular square adjacent to the waterfront as it often hosts the largest outdoor public events of the city. Moreover, the remarkable spatial characteristics of the study area are its iconic architecture with the recognizable arcades as well as the stunning views of Mount Olympus from multiple vantage points along the axis.

Today, although the area is still a popular meeting point for the locals, it serves as a major public transportation commuting hub from east to west and ranks as one of the top city’s sightseeing attractions, the overall spatial quality has declined throughout the last decades due to various socio-economic reasons.

Therefore, the City of Thessaloniki is seeking for high-quality design proposals that will re-establish the area’s prestige and cultural value as well as re-invent its role in ways that will strengthen Thessaloniki’s contemporary identity and reflect the current lifestyle. The proposals are expected to showcase robust designs that are cost effective to build and easy to manage and maintain, flexible to operate and able to adapt to future urban challenges with ease.

The winning project is anticipated to provide a forward-looking design for this area, one that reflects the history of the Aristotelous axis and delivers a wonderful, rebranded public asset for Thessaloniki, open to and used by everyone.

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1 The competition scope 1.1 Thessaloniki at a glance 1.2 The design area 1.3 The Main Design Axes 1.4 Competition goals 1.5 Competition directions 1.6 #Aristotelous Axis: The identity of the monumental axis of Aristotelous through the experience of city residents.

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1.1 Thessaloniki at a glance

City Population:

324.766

Metropolitan Area Population:

1,12 mn.

150,000 university students per year

+2mn visitors

annually

2.300 years of history

31 Museums and 15 UNESCO Monuments

50km

of Thermaikos Gulf coastline

Get to know the city by clicking on the City of Thessaloniki website.

Source: Urban Resilience Strategy – Thessaloniki 2030

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1.2 The Design Area Total design area: ~32,500m2 Roman (Ancient) Forum Hamza Bey Mosque The Byzantine Church of Panagia Chalkeon

Roman Forum Square

Kerkiras Park Statue of Eleftherios Venizelos Vlali (Kapani) Market

Bey Hamam

Modiano Market Old Ottoman Baths – Flower Shops (Louloudadika) district The design area expands from the waterfront up to Egnatia street. In particular, its length extends from the Old Esplanade (Palia Paralia) platform up to the curb of Egnatia street, and its width between the sides of the arcades running along both sides of the axis. At the points where the axis is crossed by the transverse roads (Mitropoleos street, Tsimiski street, Vassileos Irakleiou street, Ermou street), the design area is demarcated by the extended line of the inner sides of the arcades.

The design area also contains the sidewalks on Nikis Avenue at both sides of the axis up to Ploutarchou and Dimosthenous streets, since they form an integral part of the overall visual impression of the axis from the seafront, with the building façades at the axis end point on the old waterfront following the morphological characteristics of the square and, in a way, completing it.

The distinct public spaces of Aristotelous street develop along an axis that is vertical to the old waterfront, they follow the inclined terrain of the city and are framed by buildings with the square’s signature column-supported arcades.

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Vatikioti Market (Athonos) Athonos Square Church of Agia Theodora

Church of Agia Sophia Agias Sophias Pedestrian Street The design area is adjacent to unique cultural monuments dating back to different time periods, open air spaces of exceptional significance for the city, such as the Roman Forum Square, and historic building complexes, such as the city’s traditional markets (Vlali-Kapani, VatikiotiAthonos, Modiano, etc.). Although these areas do not form part of the regeneration project, they should be taken into account, in order to achieve the best possible integration of the proposed interventions into their wider context and a productive interaction between these interventions and the wider urban space.

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Visit the main locations of the design area in Google Earth by clicking on the Street View icon.

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1.3 The main design axes

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Create a modern urban public space in line with sustainable mobility, green design and “smart city” principles.

2

Restore the identity of Aristotelous axis so as to be perceived as a uniform whole.

3

Enhance the identity of the axis by removing all the disparate elements that have been gradually accumulated along the axis after a series of fragmented interventions in the pubic space.

4

Integrate into the axis sitting, walking, recreation and gathering areas.

5

Ensure a functional and aesthetic interconnection between the public space of the axis and the ground-level arcades of the buildings surrounding it.

6

Improve the architectural aesthetics of the city in general, by presenting proposals for the frontage/façades of the shops housed in the groundlevel arcades.

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Design original urban furniture of high-level aesthetics and functionality.

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Use innovative, high-quality and low-maintenance construction materials.

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1.4 Competition goals The vision of the City of Thessaloniki in redesigning the monumental axis of Aristotelous is detailed in the following 7 pivotal goals:

Design that enhances space into a powerful landmark

Innovative design

Aristotelous axis is expected to be a model public space that will decisively contribute to turning into reality the vision of a climate-neutral Thessaloniki, a city that will cater for the health and wellbeing of its citizens. Embracing the challenges that cities have to deal with today due to climate change, the design should integrate methods and solutions that reduce carbon footprint, improve air quality, use the advantages of circular economy and invest on sustainable energy sources.

The iconic architecture of Aristotelous street is universally identifiable.

At the same time, the axis’ overall length accents the inclined terrain of the city and accommodates magnificent visual escapes to the mount Olympus allowing the visitors to experience space in a unique way. The new design is anticipated to re-define the role of the area as a main and central public space of the city, to enhance its special historical and functional identity and to strengthen its role as a powerful landmark.

The redesign of the axis should add to the distinctive identity of the area and reflect the contemporary identity of the city respecting its history and using innovative practices, technologies and “smart city” solutions to create the most suitable infrastructures that will satisfy the current needs of both the locals and the city visitors. The cultural, historical and functional value of the space under study requires an advanced design, which will meet the most demanding specifications applied to similar central public spaces in other big cities around the world. In addition, proposals that adopt a model-innovative design in the urban furniture elements are more than encouraged.

Sustainable & Resilient design

Main priority in redesigning the axis is to upgrade its environmental quality and provide to both residents and visitors a high-standard public space.

Landscape design will be in total harmony with the urban dimension of one of the main axis in the historical city centre.

At the same time, the design should give to the available infrastructures the flexibility and adaptability necessary for them to immediately respond to needs arising from predictable or unforeseen crises, such as enough space for walking, socializing and play safely by keeping distances in case of a pandemic or cool sitting and recreation areas in case of a heat wave in the summer.

The complexity of the role and identity of the space under study demands an interdisciplinary approach, which will manage to enhance certain spatial traits that will contribute to a balanced regeneration and modernization of the area.

Design in harmony with the unique features of the area

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The design challenges are multiple, since the design area constitutes as a whole a monument of exceptional importance, while serving as one of the most central and busy hubs in the city. It is deemed necessary to ensure a smooth integration with the adjacent areas through a design approach that interacts with the spatial elements and the uses surrounding the space under study, as well as by underlining the uniqueness of the axis’ morphological features and continuity (reclaiming the arcades).

Open & Accessible public space for all

A primary goal in redesigning the area in question is to turn it into a public space that will be open and accessible to all providing a welcoming and safe environment. The design is anticipated to create a democratic space that promotes equality and, without excluding anyone, invites all people to express themselves, experience, play and freely enjoy public space and its functions. A space that inspires and equally strengthens the participation of all citizens (regardless of age, ability, nationality) be reflecting their identity.

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Multi-functional public space

Aristotelous axis is a monumental and, at the same time, of key importance public space. On the one hand, it is a busy hub accommodating the everyday movement of citizens and hosting a wide range of uses, such as shops, restaurants, services. On the other hand, it is a public space inextricably linked with large-scale events and the Thessaloniki International Film Festival, while being a popular tourist attraction. A key objective is, therefore, to blend the axis’ multiple uses and roles it is anticipated to have as an open public space – a core city area.

A main prerequisite is to achieve flexibility in the design of infrastructures and urban furniture, so that they can support both permanent and temporary uses.

Realistic and technically feasible design

Another prerequisite for the proposed design approach is realism and feasibility, as far as implementation, cost and maintenance requirements are concerned.

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1.5 The competition directions Its central location in the historical centre, the particular character of its architecture, its symbolic value, its socio-economic dimension, and its visual and functional link with the sea and the Ano Poli (Upper City) render the axis of Aristotelous a strong city landmark, which enhances its alluring ambience and beauty. Based on these features, the scope of the concept competition is to modernize and enhance the identity of the axis, to ensure a qualitative and environmental upgrade of the public space by respecting, at the same time, the past and welcoming the future.

It should, also, be underlined that Aristotelous axis is protected by the provisions of the Archaeological Law and, therefore, the regeneration design needs to comply with the conditions and restrictions stipulated by the competent public bodies, in order to safeguard its protection.

Having recorded and evaluated today’s challenges and opportunities of the studied area, the City of Thessaloniki proposes the following design directions:

Infrastructures A key objective of the competition is a proposal for the renewal of electrical lighting, aiming at enhancing the axis’ special features, originality and versatility, and definitely energy saving. The lighting comprises both the area’s general night lighting and the lighting used for visually enhancing the façades of the listed buildings and arcades.

The design will ensure the prevention of glare both for the public space users and the openings (windows) of adjacent buildings. The electrical lighting should not be designed as static lighting only that creates safe and comfortable conditions during nightime, but also as a dynamic system that changes through time and seasons by means of alternating intensity and colours, possibly indicating the passage of time or signaling significant dates (e.g. anniversaries, holidays). The remote control of lighting is desirable.

It should be noted that during design implementation (after the competition) the designers will have to take into account the replacement of the existing public utilities networks should they be found in bad condition during construction, always in cooperation with the corresponding Public Utility Organisations. The operation of the two electrical substations, the one below Mitropoleos street (on the flower bed towards Electra Palace Hotel) and the second on the flower bed below Ermou street has been discontinued and the substation superstructures (ventilation) should not be considered a design factor.

The proposal should provide for modern and functional public sanitation facilities. Such facilities should be safe for the users, with low maintenance and cleaning requirements, and designed in such a way so as to prevent bad use and vandalisms.

Within the framework of the environmental upgrade of public space, it is desirable to apply “smart city” systems for the city’s electrical lighting, control of irrigation network, waste disposal, vehicle access control, wireless communication (citywide wi-fi), recharging of small devices or alternative transportation means (e.g. electrical bicycles, electrical scooters), aiming at energy saving, the provision of high-quality services to the users, and possibly the information of visitors about events and itineraries around the city.

Traffic challenges: The proposals should be applicable without substantially changing the traffic regime in the wider area. However, it will be possible to submit substantiated alternative proposals (in addition to the main proposal) for future traffic interventions.

The bus departure point at the widening (“horseshoe”), where the axis crosses Egnatia street, will be re-examined when the city Metro is in operation and bus lines are redesigned. Consequently, designers should provide for two different space design scenarios: the one where the departure point remains at its current location and a second one, where it is transported to a different area.

The design should provide for a bike lane, according to the specifications in force (see COMPETITION’S AUXILLARY FILES) and based on the proposed by the City of Thessaloniki bike lane network (see COMPETITION’S AUXILLARY FILES).

With regard to the bus stop on Mitropoleos street, which should remain at its current location (according to the opinion delivered by the Transport Authority of Thessaloniki), it is advisable to move it slightly off the Aristotelous symmetry axis. The designers are, therefore, asked to propose the most adequate new position(s), taking into account all safety and accessibility specifications. The competition also needs to include the submission of a proposal for the shelter or shelters of the specific bus stop, due to its special position on the monumental axis. As far as the operational features of the cubicle are concerned, they should comply with the technical specifications of the Athens Urban Transport Organization (BoD decision nr 654/1999).

It is proposed to design the axis pedestrian crossings as “smart crossings” and, preferably, as a single uniform crossing throughout the axis width.

The designers should provide for the re-design of the TAXI stands at the points where the axis crosses Mitropoleos, Tsimiski and Egnatia streets. It is possible to include substantiated proposals for a slight shifting of the TAXI stands.

An unobstructed vehicle access to Electra Palace Hotel on Mitropoleos street should be provided for.

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Qualitative characteristics The design will take into account and will enhance the significance of Aristotelous axis in the city’s urban planning, as well as its indissoluble link with the surrounding area, especially with the traditional markets positioned on both of its sides, namely Vlali market (Kapani) and Vatikioti market (Athonos), which were designed in the same period as the Aristotelous axis and have similar morphological characteristics, as well as with every other element in the vicinity, as deemed necessary by the designers.

The design will ensure the smooth co-existence of versatile uses (commercial, administrative, recreational, etc.), the hosting of various outdoor events and the traditional seasonal transformations of the axis during holidays and important for the city events (e.g. Thessaloniki Film Festival).

Both the square and the axis should be designed not only as public spaces aimed for movement, but also for walking enjoyed equally by its citizens and visitors.

The proposed materials should be environmentally-friendly, natural, cool, anti-skid, with thermal behavior adapted to the city’s climate, while the design, in general, should create conditions of thermal comfort and coolness (in summertime) preventing, at the same time, any glare caused by reflection.

The design of green areas should follow the contemporary approach of urban metropolitan axes and adopt nature-based solutions. Planting should be compatible with the microclimate of the area and should not screen the unobstructed view to the sea and the Upper City (Ano Poli).

The designers’ proposals should comprise all fixed urban furniture, which will preferably be original and unique in such a way so as to stress the axis identity.

It is proposed to avoid interventions that demand extensive excavations, in order to minimize possible disturbances of archaeological layers.

The proposed design should provide for free movement zone(s) for emergency vehicles, of a minimum width of 3.50m, throughout the length of the pedestrianized sections of the axis, in order to service both sides of the adjacent buildings.

It is desirable the contestants to exclude from their design proposals any modifications to the existing platform of the Old Esplanade (Palia Paralia) in view of its proposed extension with the use of a reversible construction like a wooden deck. In case that the designers formulate proposals for the axis endpoint to the sea, these will not be binding for the project implementation and will be evaluated in the stage of design and construction award for the Old Esplanade (Palia Paralia) extension.

Temporary public space uses Special care should be taken in facilitating the hosting of events (commercial, art, sports, etc.) and the installation of holiday decorations and seasonal markets throughout the axis length. This involves the provision of connections with the public utilities networks (power, telephone, Internet, water, etc.) through pillar-type switchboards that will be aesthetically-pleasing and vandal-proof. It also comprises the design of the required equipment, if deemed necessary for recurring events, e.g. platforms, selling stands, cubicles, etc.

The designers’ proposals should also comprise recommendations on future legislation regarding rules on uniform morphological features for the façades of the shops (retail, health-regulated establishments, provision of other services) in the ground-level arcades (openings typology, selection of building materials and colours of painted surfaces, sign typology, air-conditioning units, etc.), so that the requirements of contemporary uses comply with the aesthetics and the historical memory of the place.

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Urban furniture

Urban furniture

An integral part of the competition is the renewal-upgrade of the urban furniture, so that it is original, functional, durable and vandal-resistant, and, at the same time, modern and in harmony with the surrounding historical place. Urban furniture includes seating (benches and individual seats), water fountains, bins (possibly with separation of recyclables), small columns for preventing drivers to park their cars, bike racks, etc.

Commercial kiosks It is desirable for the contestants to include a proposal for the form and typology of a special type of commercial kiosks, which will be smoothly integrated into their special surroundings and will replace a number of the existing kiosks, provided that e relevant approval will be granted by the competent bodies.

From the existing urban furniture, the following should be re-used, possibly positioned at a different spot along the axis:

The Flower Clock

Ticket selling kiosks

The TFF glass kiosk

The sculptures

The flower clock of Aristotelous is dated back to the mid70s. Its mechanism is digital, controlled by satellite and synchronized with Greenwich Mean Time. Given its location, i.e. at the Tsimiski and Aristotelous streets cross-point, it has become a popular meeting point.

The glass kiosk that is now positioned in front of Olympion Cinema Theatre houses the official headquarters of International Thessaloniki Film Festival (TFF) and was placed there without prior approval by the competent services, as a temporary construction, by the Administration of the TFF. It was then donated to the City of Thessaloniki, which uses it -throughout the year, except for the TFF period- as a Tourist Information kiosk. The City of Thessaloniki wishes to re-use it, but also to re-position it, so that it does not obstruct the view to the sea and mount Olympus.

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The two ticket selling kiosks that are now positioned on the axis section extending from Vas. Irakleiou to Ermou streets should be re-used.

The designers should re-evaluate the location and the number of the existing sculptures along the axis, and present possible recommendations for their re-positioning within the design area or elsewhere in the city.

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The public space available for tables and chairs Taking into consideration the fact that, both on the square (to a great extend) and along the axis (to a lesser extend), a large number of health-regulated establishments are already in operation and have been granted public space zones for their tables and chairs by special Municipal Board Regulatory Decisions, the designers’ proposal should necessarily determine the public space zones that will be made available to such establishments for their tables and chairs. Their proposal should be in accordance with the restrictions arising from the Ministerial Decisions 4590/4-08-1999 (Greek Government Gazette 662Δ/ 13-9- 1999) and 6417/13/32-2014 (Greek Government Gazette 48 ΑΑΠ/ 13-2-2014). It should be stressed, however, that the maximum number, i.e. three (3), of health-regulated establishments permitted per building block is not limited to the establishments already in operation, but could be relocated-created elsewhere along the axis.

Especially for Aristotelous square, where the health-regulated establishments represent the predominant use, care should be taken for a balanced approach towards them and towards the public aspect of the square, as well as for a distribution of the space available that will be proportional to the business’ frontage.

It is preferable to position the tables and chairs outside the arcades and not in direct contact with the pillars.

The designers should also propose specifications for the equipment that should be used by the health-regulated establishments within the legal public space occupation area, e.g. tables and chairs (materials, type, etc.), shading umbrellas (colour, size, support system), vertical separating panels, light fixtures and, possibly, heating elements under the umbrellas, in order to avoid the use of bulky patio heaters. The aforementioned equipment could form a list of specifications that will be given to the establishments’ owners when a permit for using the determined public space is granted, or, possibly, could be made available for a fee (except for the heaters) by the City of Thessaloniki to the parties interested. For the shading umbrellas, in particular, care should be taken for their solid ground support (to prevent any fall hazard due to strong winds).

The design proposal should take into account all standing regulations regarding public spaces, the “Design for All” principles, as well as any other regulations and specifications in force governing design preparation (e.g. Technical Specifications stipulated by the Greek Presidential Decree nr 696/74, the Building Regulations in force, etc.).

Indicatively: “Technical guidelines for the design of urban streets and open public spaces” issued by the Ministry of the Environment and Energy (see AUXILLIARY COMPETITION FILES).

“Special arrangements for servicing people with disabilities in public spaces aimed for the circulation of pedestrians”, Decision by the Minister of the Environment, Energy and Climate Change nr 52907/28- 12-2009.

“Approval of Technical Guidelines for Bike Lanes”, Decision by the Minister of Transport & Infrastructures nr ΔΟΥ/ ΟΙΚ.1920/14-4-2016 (GGG 1053/Β/14-4-2016).

Article 20 of Law 4067/2012 of the New Building Regulation, as amended and in force today.

With regard to the design of bus stop shelter(s) on Mitropoleos street, compliance with the technical specifications of the Athens Urban Transport Organisation (BoD Decision nr 654/1999) (see AUXILLIARY COMPETITION FILES).

The form, colour, dimensions and other characteristics of the equipment should be in harmony with the surrounding listed buildings.

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1.6 #AristotelousAxis: The questionnaire The identity of Aristotelous monumental axis through the experience of its citizens The process of the competition documents preparation included the design of a brief questionnaire¹ addressed to the city residents and visitors, in order to identify the identity of the designed space through the eyes of its users. The aim of the survey was to record how these users actually use, experience and emotionally bond with the area of Aristotelous, so that the specifications of the architectural competition can be enriched with their experience.

This questionnaire was by no means a substantiated scientific research, since it was circulated through electronic means, due to the restrictions imposed by the pandemic, but, nevertheless, it managed to provide to the competition participants key information about how the design space is experienced. It was also intended to approach the owners of the ground-level shops along the axis for a face-to-face survey, something which proved to be impossible due to the extended period of the said restrictions.

Brief presentation of the results

Why do you visit the area of Aristotelous? *Note: This was a multiple-answer question.

The majority of the participants visit the area of Aristotelous simply passing by (80%), as a meeting point (53%) and for shopping (49%), while the percentages of those visiting for restaurants (40%) and recreation purposes (36%) are also considerably high.

Fewer were the participants that visit to participate in events, to run errands in public services, to enjoy the monument or to work.

Reasons for visiting % 90 80.11% 70

The questionnaire was anonymous and its average completion time was 8’. It comprised 3 parts covering a basic range of issues that were assumed as relevant to most users.

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The total number of respondents was 2226; the predominant age groups were 36-45 years (26%) and 26-35 years (25%) and the gender distribution was almost balanced, i.e. 51% women to 48% men. With regard to the participants’ employment, 68% were employed, 16% students (higher education) and 6% retired. The vast majority of the participants stated that their permanent residence is within the urban agglomeration of Thessaloniki, with the citizens of the Municipality of Thessaloniki amounting to 55% of the sample.

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52.90%

48.72% 40.19%

22.90%

35.83%

20.39% 8.94%

10 meeting point

passing by

participation public in events services

recreation leisure - restaurants

shopping

work

A detailed presentation of the results is included in the Annex.

Part 1: Daily experience The participants were called to answer a series of questions regarding their visits to the Aristotelous axis, the cause of their visit, the transportation means they use, how safe they feel when visiting and the aesthetic/functional evolution of the axis to date.

How often do you visit the area of Aristotelous?

Frequency of visits

The frequency of visits for the majority of the respondents is high, since 34% visit the area “a few times/week”, 30% “a few times/month” and 20% “daily”.

33.95%

% 40

30.04%

30

14.05%

20.07%

20 10 1.89% Rarely

1

A few times / year

A few times/ month

A few times/ week

Daily

The survey was conducted using the tool ArcGIS Survey 123, in collaboration with the GIS Department of the City of Thessaloniki.

12.35% 4.58% monument Other - tourist landmark

Based on your experience of the city, which is the end point of the monumental axis of Aristotelous?

Based on their experience, the participants stated: [see the results in the Annex]

25%

the axis stretches from Nikis Avenue up to Agiou Dimitriou street

24%

the axis stretches from Nikis Avenue up to Egnatia street

16%

the axis stretches from Nikis Avenue up to Olympou street

13%

the axis stretches from Nikis Avenue up to Filippou street

8%

the axis stretches from Nikis Avenue up to Kassandrou street 33

Usually, which transportation means do you use to reach the area of Aristotelous? *Note: This was a multiple-answer question.

The most popular answer was walking (80%) followed by transportation by bus (34%) and the use of a private vehicle (30%). In more detail:

80%

of the participants prefer walking

34%

of the participants prefer taking the bus

30%

of the participants prefer their own private vehicle

11%

of the participants prefer their bike

10%

of the participants prefer a taxi

5%

of the participants prefer an electric scooter

3%

of the participants prefer a motorcycle

On a scale from 1 to 5, rate your sense of being safe when in one of the following Aristotelous districts.

The participants consider as safest the districts between Ermou street and Nikis Avenue. Their sense of being safe is strengthened the closest they get to Aristotelous square. The district stretching between Egnatia and Ermou streets is the one considered the least safe one by the majority of the respondents.

7.41% 0.36% 21.91%

22.50%

0.36% 1.93% 12.75%

23.53%

27.97%

safe 39.47%

42.34%

very safe no answer

49.75%

District 2: Ermou - Tsimiski

not safe at all slightly safe

45.49%

District 1: Egnatia - Ermou

Which point in the area of Aristotelous do you usually prefer as a meeting point?

As shown on the following map, Aristotelous Axis is a popular meeting point throughout its length. The highest concentration is recorded at the axis cross points with Mitropoleos and Tsimiski streets.

0.27% 3.95%

District 3: Tsimiski – Nikis Avenue

Do you think that Aristotelous axis has changed over time? [see the results in the Annex]

Almost 70% of the participants think that the axis area has undergone a point or overall degradation over time.

18% of the participants think that

the axis area has remained unchanged.

Almost11% of the participants observe a point upgrade along the axis following the recent interventions.

The main reasons for this degradation, as result from the answers, are the following: Damages, vandalisms and poor maintenance of the public space and the building façades.

Occupation of the public space by shops (merchandise, tables and chairs) and vehicles parked along the axis.

Lack of an aesthetic cohesion in the ground-level shops and restaurants/cafes (signs, tables and chairs).

Sanitation problems and a general request for more frequent refuse collection.

Illegal activity, in particular between Ermou and Filippou streets.

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35

Part 2: Infrastructures

How happy are you with the space for movement along Aristotelous axis?

The participants were asked to rate the degree of their satisfaction with regard to the infrastructures along the axis (sitting areas, space for movement/circulation, natural environment).

35% of the participants are moderately happy with the space for movement 21% of the participants are very happy with the space for movement

6.65% 0.27%

The main problems indicated are:

6.92% 0.76%

2.07%

not at all 28.51%

20.19%

18.14% 30.89%

31.38%

29.23%

Sitting areas

34.98%

Space for movement

moderately very

24.65% 33.09%

slightl

extremely 32.20%

Natural environment

The answers show that the degree of the participants’ satisfaction is rather low in relation to the infrastructures. They also indicate the following main problems together with their proposals per infrastructure category: How happy are you with the sitting areas along Aristotelous axis?

33% of the participants are slightly happy with the sitting areas 7% of the participants are very happy with the sitting areas The main problems indicated are: Free space is largely occupied by tables and chairs, merchandise and parked cars obstructing visitors from moving or resting, particularly on the Aristotelous square.

inadequate design and signage of the bike lane network along the axis, so that many respondents are unaware of its existence. although the length of the pedestrian zone along the axis is satisfactory, it suffers from poor maintenance and insufficient waste disposal. need for a uniform design that will add to the cohesion of the urban space along the axis creating proper paths for the movement of pedestrians and bicycles. poor vegetation and insufficient green spaces, in general, which could create friendlier paths and provide shading to the axis users.

The proposals indicated were: differentiate pedestrian and bicycle movements by using alternating paving materials.

adequate signage and

provide for paths for people with disabilities. use paving materials that will facilitate movement in space, as opposed to the ones currently in use, which are slippery during heavy rainfalls and reflective when the sun is very bright.

How happy are you with the natural environment along the Aristotelous axis?

Insufficient sitting areas. Especially between Tsimiski and Egnatia streets, public seating facilities are sparse and, consequently, this axis section functions only as a passageway and not as a rest point.

32% of the participants are not happy at all with the natural environment 7% of the participants are happy with the natural environment

With regard to the existing urban furniture (seating), it is not properly designed and maintained thus discouraging the visitors from stopping and resting. Complete lack of shading (artificial or natural) and a need to modernize the design of the urban furniture (e.g. public seating with back, modern materials for comfort).

The main problems indicated were: The lack of any natural element.

A sense of neglect characterizing all green infrastructures along the axis.

The arcades are the only shaded spaces, which, however, are often occupied by merchandise.

The fenced green spaces logic is now considered to be obsolete, since visitors need to be able to enjoy green in many ways and not just have a pictorial experience of it.

Lack of sitting areas for families or kid-friendly spaces.

The vegetation used along the axis has no cohesion and is not adapted to the city-specific weather conditions.

Insufficient urban furniture at the public transportation stops on Mitropoleos and Egnatia streets with high passenger traffic volumes, especially during peak hours, where there is no shelter for adverse weather conditions.

Low sense of safety, which discourages visitors from remaining in the area, in particular on the axis section extending from Vas. Irakleiou to Egnatia streets.

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the free space in the arcades is largely occupied by tables and chairs, parked cars and motorcycles, and merchandise.

Monotony in the design of green spaces is observed with sparse flowers, lack of trees and lots of poorly maintained grass.

The need to design the axis as an open public space following the standards of similar European infrastructures.

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The proposals indicated were: The proposals and thoughts on the natural environment can be grouped into 2 categories, according to the priorities set in the participants’ comments.

1 2

This group of proposals concerns intense planting of resilient trees, which will provide natural shade thus changing the microclimate of the area. Other recommendations include re-vegetation with indigenous plants and increased use of bushes that will screen parked parks. Instead of the lawn currently used, they participants propose permeable surfaces and concrete pavers, i.e. low-maintenance materials.

Having in mind that the feelings and memories triggered by a public space formulate, to a great extend, its identity and its role in the every day life of a city, the participants were asked to share their current thoughts and emotions for the area of Aristotelous.

Say it in one word! When thinking of Aristotelous Axis, which word comes to mind?

This group of proposals concerns low and discreet vegetation with small trees and bushes, which will not screen the view to the sea. Participants also propose the integration of natural elements that will enhance the special character of the buildings and the architecture of the area by creating a purely urban atmosphere. They recommend the use of ornamental flowers together with the integration of water elements.

Part 3: Thessaloniki, a modern multicultural city In this part of the survey, the respondents were asked to underline the unique traits of the axis and to describe, in one word, concepts and feelings that come to mind when thinking of Aristotelous.

Which is, in your opinion, the most typical feature of Aristotelous Axis? *Note: This was a multiple-answer question.

76% of the participants chose its architecture 62% of the participants chose its visual outlets 56% of the participants chose its open public space Open public space

45.80%

Events

20.43%

Architecture

75.84% 11%

Visual outlets Market

62.15% 19.85%

History - Landmark Thessaloniki Film Festival Cafés

The words gathered reflect the multidimensional identity of this public space. They record contrasting feelings for Aristotelous axis. The most frequent words in the participants’ answers were positive feelings, such as familiarity, joy and awe, as well as negative ones, such as unsafe, sadness and disappointment.

55.55%

Meeting point

Food

Say it in one word! Which emotion is evoked by the area of Aristotelous Axis?

47.15% 30.80% 14.82%

Other 0.45%

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By completing Part 3, it was asked by the participants to share an example of an open public space in a city around the world that has left them excited and then list its features or the emotions that the specific space evokes in them.

Conclusions The conclusions drawn after processing the answers given by the locals and visitors who participated in the survey are:

Share with us an example of an open public space in a city around the world that left you excited and which you think is compatible with the way of life of its citizens.

Say it in one word! Which feature of the space in the previous question excites you, or which is the emotion that evokes?

This question aims at recording the features that stand out and the emotions evoked by a space that the participants enjoy visiting, so that these can be investigated as spatial or ambient qualities in the new design of Aristotelous axis.

The question was optional, but a high percentage of the participants (42%) responded by recording more than 250 public spaces in 39 different popular countries around the world and justifying their answer. The most popular answers are given below: Most popular spaces abroad: • • • • • • • • • •

Las Ramblas square, Barcelona, Spain Piazza Navona, Rome, Italy Grand-Place, Brussels, Belgium Vienna historical centre, Austria Piazza del Duomo, Milan, Italy Piazza di Spagna, Rome, Italy High Line, New York, USA Marienplatz, Munich, Germany Praça do Comércio, Lisbon, Portugal Champs-Élysées, Paris, France

Most popular spaces in Greece: • • •

The New Waterfront (Nea Paralia), Thessaloniki The pedestrian street of Agias Sofias, Thessaloniki Pedestrian streets network/bike lane & riverside walk, Trikala

The spatial features and emotions that mostly appeared in the participants’ answers: Open space / Spaciousness Green / Natural elements Cleanliness / Proper maintenance Multiculturalism Enhanced architecture / Awe / Admiration Visual escapes Open-space art/ Street artists / Street musicians Walking / Bicycles / No vehicles Lighting Safety Bliss / Joy Liveliness 40

A visitor-friendly space Strolling Local culture / History Culture / Film Festival Friendly sitting spots Familiarity Versatility Relaxation /Peace Aesthetics / Harmony Outdoor events Accessibility of space Modern infrastructures

The area of Aristotelous is a central public space in the everyday life of the city. A large number of citizens passes through or uses it as a meeting point or chooses it as a shopping or recreation destination.

The majority of the respondents, with similar percentages, define the length of Aristotelous axis as extending from Nikis Avenue to Agiou Dimitriou street, or from Nikis Avenue to Egnatia street.

The most popular ways to access the area is by walking, by bus or by private car.

The sense of safety alternates along the axis, where the safest section is the one between Tsimiski street and Nikis Avenue. Moving towards Egnatia street the feeling of safety gradually diminishes. The section between Ermou and Egnatia streets is the least safety one, mainly due to frequent delinquent behavior recorded there.

The great majority of the participants think that the area of Aristotelous has been gradually degraded through time.

With regard to the infrastructures in the area (sitting areas, movement areas, natural environment), the level of satisfaction in the majority of the participants is low, while the main problems indicated are the extended occupation of public space by tables and chairs, merchandise and vehicles, the absence of any natural environment and the inadequate design of movement / sitting areas and urban furniture.

The main typical features of Aristotelous axis, according to the majority of the respondents, are architecture, visual escapes and open public space.

The last questions of the survey focused more on the users’ experience and emotional bond with the area. It is particularly interesting that the participants’ answers show conflicting emotions, the striking majority, however, expressing their love for the area and a strong wish for its redesign and transformation into a modern public space that will reflect its history, reclaim its role in the city life and provide an open and friendly environment for all.

The City of Thessaloniki would like to thank all the participants for their time in completing the questionnaire and sharing their thoughts and concerns. Fulfilling the initial aim of the survey, the conclusions have been included in the specifications of the competition in sub-chapters 1.3 to 1.5.

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The space limits of the competition The City of Thessaloniki, taking into account the results of the questionnaire, as well as:

the size of the public space along the Aristotelous axis as a whole in relation to the time required for the preparation and approval of the designs, the process for securing the necessary funds for the implementation of the corresponding construction works, but also the temporary disruption of city life during construction the different features of the axis over and below the Egnatia street (lower section: uniform morphology, fully pedestrianized, prevalence of business uses, increased use of hard surfaces, modern monuments – upper section: archaeological site, Byzantine-Ottoman monuments, business and residential uses, circulation of vehicles on certain sections of the streets) and the different approval processes required for different design categories (for different types of monuments, possible traffic arrangements, etc.), and the pending expropriation issues on small sections at the axis end point on Kassandrou street (the square between the Church of Agios Dimitrios and Kassandrou street), which obstruct the implementation of any construction works at this location decided to break the axis regeneration project into two distinct stages. The first one is launched with this architectural competition and concerns the axis length extending from the sea front up to Egnatia street. The second one concerns the regeneration of Aristotelous axis from Egnatia street up to Kassandrou street and will commence after the implementation –or, at least, during the implementation - of the first stage, in order to facilitate the time and financial planning of works, and to control the disturbance of city life due to the execution of works.

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2 The Axis of Aristotelous from its creation till today 2.1 A historical retrospect of Aristotelous axis 2.2 Protection Regime

45

2.1 A historical retrospect of Aristotelous axis The information about the timeline presented here was taken from the documentation of the 1997 Architectural Competition. Click here to find the full text of the relevant tender notice.

19th c.

The wider area (surrounding Aristotelous axis as we know it today) is occupied by residential districts organized as a in typical eastern city: Muslim quarters around Filippou street, Jewish quarters all the way down to the seafront and Christian quarters around the churches of Agios Nikolaos, Agia Theodora and the Holy Metropolis.

The existing monuments, together with the religious buildings that were constructed by each ethnic-religious community, play the role of the quarter nucleus. The churches of Prophitis Ilias, Agios Dimitrios and Panagia Chalkeon are converted to mosques (having been named Eski Saray, Kasimiye, Kazancilar respectively). The Turkish baths of Aigli, Paradeisos (Paradise) and Louloudadika (Flower Market) bearing the Turkish names Geni Hamam, Bey Hamam and Yahoudi Hamam, as well as the Alatza Imaret mosque, are open to public.In the Jewish quarters, one can find an abundance of congregations and a building housing the Chief Rabbi. A market develops at the western side of the area between Egnatia street and the sea, entering the Jewish quarter Findik below the Egnatia axis (it used to be a flour market or Oun-Kapan in Turkish, and today it is called Vlali market).

1917- 1918

On 18 August 1917, a great fire breaks out and destroys the largest part of the city’s historical centre.

The Monumental Axis is born as a deliberate urban design initiative following the destruction of the city’s historical centre from the fire.

Hébrard Plan

HEBRARD PLAN The new urban plan for Thessaloniki introduces the creation of a “civic centre”, which the city lacks. The key principles that govern the design of the central axis are outlined by the French urban historian Pierre Lavedan when he presents the views of Ernest Hébrard. The City Hall, the Courthouse and buildings that house public services are concentrated around a monumental square, which is crossed by a long central boulevard. This “civic square” forms a whole together with an additional square on the seafront, which functions as a commercial, leisure and recreational centre.

Both squares are designed adopting a uniform architectural form evident on the building façades, while their dimensions take into account sun exposure in the summer and northwest winds blowing in the winter. Aristotelous square opens to the sea covering a width of almost 100m and offers one of the most captivating views in the world.

leading to the sea, exactly due to its deliberate orientation towards Mount Olympus, is framed by arcades. It runs through the market districts, crosses Egnatia street and widens to form two plateaus, where the Byzantine church Panagia Chalkeon and the Ottoman bath Bey Hamam are preserved and enhanced. This is the planned position of the “civic square” with public buildings surrounding it and an imposing arch at its centre. The alignment of this monumental axis also includes the basilica of Agios Dimitrios, the religious centre of Thessalonians.

Uphill, as the axis climbs to the sloping streets of Ano Poli (Upper City), terraced gardens lead to the Byzantine church of Profitis Ilias.

The area expanding around the administrative function hosts the rest of the central functions of the city: luxury commerce, offices, upper-class residences, leisure and expensive hotels, are all linked to the organized markets around them. The monumental axis is crossed by three great road arteries–Egnatia street, Tsimiski street and Nikis avenue, the last one stretching on two different Throughout its length, this boulevard, which is levels thus creating a “splendid city pedestal” and not completely parallel to the rest of the streets contributing to the theatricality of the axis alignment.

After the mid-19th century, several schools start emerging in the area.

The Ottoman Administration constructs administrative buildings in the area that stretches over Egnatia street. Along the new waterfront, which is created after 1870, to the south of Proxenou Koromila street, following the demolition of the seawall and the landfill of the coast, residences are constructed for the most prosperous citizens irrespective of their national-religious origin and in co-existence with work and recreation facilities.

46

source: V. Kolonas, “A Hundred Years of Architecture: Thessaloniki 1912-2012”, Second Edition, University Studio Press, 2016.

47

HEBRARD PLAN What is particularly interesting is the pre-planned architecture throughout the whole axis length, as far as the public buildings are concerned, which intentionally takes us back to the city’s Byzantine past. On the building facades, a series of arched arcades extends from the ground up to the mezzanine level. Further up, there are the three main storeys with a balcony only on the first one. One storey in recess with a series of columns and a protruding roof turns the whole building. The buildings around the semi-circle square, above the three typical storeys, end in a series of almost independent structures, which look like kiosks and are heavily decorated. Similar is the design of the four public buildings on the “monumental square”. The resulting architecture could be vaguely perceived as Byzantine-Italian or as a Europeanized version of colonial and eastern styles, which are adopted as local features, because they are in line with the local tradition and the local weather conditions, while, at the same time, they allow the prevalence of the newly-introduced to the city reinforced concrete.

This view is supported by the similarity of the

architecture selected to the one used in the cities of Morocco around the same period.

The implementation of the Hébrard plan on the axis section stretching to the south of Egnatia street commenced very smoothly within the framework of a private initiative. However, to the north, where significant archaeological finds had been revealed, or were expected to be reveled, the plan was met with strong or even subversive resistance. Amateur historians and archaeologists of the time believed that somewhere there, on the uphill zone leading to the church of Agios Dimitrios, one could find the public buildings of the ancient city. Besides, there were well-grounded suspicions, as well as actual indications, that there was an imposing complex in the zone between Egnatia and Filippou streets.

Based on the fact that the Roman monument of the Enchanted (Las Incantadas) was once there, some researchers identified the specific location with the ancient Hippodrome, others to the Stadium and most to the Ancient Forum. The views of the historians, although they proved to be wrong, determined, to a great extend, the initial design.

1924

An international architectural competition is announced, the first ever in Thessaloniki, for the City Hall, which was, however, never implemented.

1939

έως 1950

Discussions for the construction of the monumental complex begin again under the pressure of certain views that stressed the increased need for a Court House instead of a new City Hall.

World War II and the German occupation put any construction plans to hold. The wider open space, mainly between Filippou and Olympou streets, fills with trenches and German military facilities.

The axis section that stretches below Egnatia street follows the approved façade design envisioned in the Hébrard plan, but the buildings on the waterfront and over the Egnatia street are constructed according to the general building regulation, since the relevant Decrees are never approved. The Arch is forgotten, the lots that were to be transformed into gardens over the church of Agios Dimitrios are built and the views towards Ano Poli (Upper City) and the church of Profitis Ilias are blocked by eight-storey buildings.

source: V. Kolonas, “A Hundred Years of Architecture: Thessaloniki 1912-2012”, Second Edition, University Studio Press, 2016.

48

The initial vision for the axis stretch beyond Kassandrou street is indefinitely abandoned.

49

1956

The construction of a Court House further to the north than where it was first conceived in the Hébrard plan resurfaces again. Any delays in the project result from a common policy applied to all cases where excavations may unearth antiquities.

This policy dictates that an archaeological investigation precedes the preparation of any architectural design.

1962

1970

The excavation for the construction of the Court House commences and a structure is revealed, which later is identified as a Roman odeon adjacent, on its east side, to a double colonnade of the Corinthian order with an extravagant floor mosaic.

Despite the obvious significance of the complex, which is gradually revealed, the Ministry of Justice insists on the construction of the Court House and the co-existence of the new building with the ancient site, which is proved to be the ancient Roman Forum of the city.

1997

1999

2000

International Architectural Competition. Redesigning Aristotelous Monumental Axis / Thessaloniki.

Pedestrianisation of Aristotelous street between Egnatia and Mitropoleos streets by application of new construction materials.

Aristotelous square is designated a historic site requiring special protection.

The uses of the listed buildings along Mitropoleos street up to Egnatia street are determined by the Greek Government Gazette vol. 662Δ’/1309-1999.

The façades along the street are characterized as “works of art” on the sections between the seafront and Tsimiski street, pursuant to the Greek Government Gazette vol. 1371Β’/911-2000.

Architectural competition: Redesigning Aristotelous Monumental Axis / Thessaloniki (1997) (Click here to read about the Architectural Competition prizes.)

The Court House is finally built at the west side of the historical centre. The area between Filippou and Olympou streets is designated an archaeological site and the once called Court House (Dikastirion) Square is now named Ancient Forum Square. Any future efforts to integrate the archaeological site into its surroundings have been fruitless.

The archaeological investigations on the site remained unfinished until 1989, when a program of excavations and spot restorations was launched.

50

1st Prize À la recherche du temps perdu Pr. Nikiforidis, B. Cuomo, V. Tarani

2nd Prize A quest for irrationality Z. Petcovic, K. Damjanovic, M. Maksimovic

source: “Transforming the City”, Organization of the Cultural Capital of Europe – Thessaloniki 1997.

3 rd Prize An upside-down drawing A. Tzanou Baud-Bovy, M. Baud-Bovy C. Maurice, F. Maurice

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2.2 Protection Regime The design area falls within an institutional protection framework, which should be taken into account during proposal preparation, and which is formulated by the following decisions:

Αristotelous Axis belongs to the historical centre of Thessaloniki, which has been characterized as a “historic site”.

Ministry of Culture Decision nr ΥΠΠΟ/ΔΙΛΑΠ/Γ/3046/51009/14-10-1994 (Greek Government Gazette vol.

384Β’/24-5-1994 and republication in Greek Government Gazette vol. 833Β’/9-11-1994)

The buildings along Aristotelous axis have been listed as protected monuments since the 80s. The façade of the building at nr 9, in particular, property of Simonopetra Monastery, housing today the famous “Electra Palace Hotel”, was designated a protected work of art.

Ministry of Culture Decision nr Γ/608/22114/15-3-1983 (Greek Government Gazette vol. 258Β’/17-5-1983)

All buildings along Aristotelous axis (except for the ones at nr 6 and nr 21) have been listed as protected monuments in their initial form, including any subsequent additions in line with their initial architectural design.

Presidential Decree dated 2-11-1983 (Greek Government Gazette 734Δ/28-11-1983)

In 2000, Aristotelous square was characterized as a “historic site” requiring special protection, since it is a remarkable eclecticistic building complex with byzantine-like elements, identified with the city’s collective memory. The same Decision designated as works of art the façades of twelve buildings on the square, on the axis length extending from the waterfront to Tsimiski street.

Ministry of Culture Decision nr ΥΠΠΟ/ΔΙΛΑΠ/Γ/529/53554/20-10-2000 (Greek Government Gazette vol.

1371Β’/9-11-2000).

The markets of Athonos square (Vatikioti), Vlali and Bezesteni (textile market) have been characterized as “historic sites”, because they are significant and iconic reference points of the city’s commercial district.

Ministerial Decision nr ΥΠΠΟ/ΔΙΛΑΠ/Γ/3200/51805/23-2-1987 (Greek Government Gazette vol. 154Β/313-1987)

Special uses were determined for the listed buildings along the axis, from Mitropoleos to Egnatia street. Furthermore, a new Regulation of Uses and Functions for the buildings and sidewalks along the same axis length was approved.

Ministry of Macedonia & Thrace Decisions: nr 4590/4-8-1999 (Greek Government Gazette 662Δ’/13-91999), nr 6417/13/3-2-2014 (Greek Government Gazette 48 ΑΑΠ/ 13-2-2014)

View of the Monumental Axis from Egnatia street towards the sea

52

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3.1 Land-Uses Map

3.2 Land-Uses Map

Current Situation, pursuant to the Greek Government Gazette vol. 420 Δ/93

Uses proposed in the General Urban Development Plan

ΕΙ

ΣΟ

ΥΡ

Ι. Δ

Ι. Δ

ΑΣ

ΡΑ Γ

ΡΑ Γ

ΜΟ

ΕΩ

ΛΚ

XΑ Ν

Α Μ

ΣΟ

.

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ΔΩ

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ΜΕ ΝΕ ΞΕ

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Α

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Α

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ΡΑ

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Η Σ.

Η Σ. ΤΟ

Μ

ΒΑ

ΜΕ ΝΕ ΞΕ

ΒΑ

ΕΓ Η

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ΑΛ

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Ν

Μ

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.

ΚΕ Ω

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Μ

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XΑ

Υ

ΔΩ ΝΗ

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Μ

ΒΕ

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ΛΩ

ΕΛ .

ΠΟ

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ΑΝ

ΝΙ ZΕ

.

ΔΟ

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Μ

ΚΟ ΥΝ ΤΟ ΥΡ

ΚΑ ΡΙ ΠΗ

ΡΙ ΟΥ

ΠΑ

Μ

ΒΕ

ΥΛ

ΟΥ

ΛΩ

ΕΛ .

ΠΟ

ΠΑ

ΣΟ

.

ΔΟ

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Ν

Μ

ΠΑ

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Υ

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Α

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Μ

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ΕΡ

XΑ

ΚΟ ΥΝ ΤΟ ΥΡ

ΚΑ ΡΙ ΠΗ

ΡΙ ΟΥ

Υ

ΣΟ

Η

ΟΔ ΙΣ Τ

ΛΩ

Μ

ΟΥ Μ

Η

ΣΟ

ΚΑ Π

ΟΥ Μ

ΚΑ Π ΟΔ ΙΣ Τ

Υ

ΤΟ

Υ

ΙΟ Υ

ΑΚ

OTE

ΛΕ

ΙΟ

Υ ΗΛ

ΝΤ

ΣΤ

ΑΡ Ι .Θ

ΕΛ

ΕΟ

ΔΩ

ΟΥ

Μ

Σ

Σ

ΡΑ

Σ

ΥΣ

ΝΟ

ΘΕ

Σ

ΡΑ

ΟΣ

ΟΥ

ΔΩ

ΑΓ

ΟΤ

ΔΗ

ΕΛ

ΕΟ

Μ

ΣΤ

ΡΟ

ΗΤ

ΑΥ

Ρ.

ΩΣ

ΓΕ

ΓΙ

Α

ΟΥ

ΑΤ

ΑΡ

ΤΟ

ΤΣ

ΤΕ

ΛΟ

ΙΣ

ΚΗ

ΤΣ

ΤΕ

ΙΜ

ΛΟ

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ΚΗ

ΙΑ Σ

Σ

(Λ

Π

.)

ΤΟ

ΩΡ

ΕΩ

Φ

.)

ΛΟ ΥΤ ΑΡ

Φ

ΚΗ

ΙΑ Σ

ΕΩ

ΑΡ

ΓΕ

Φ

ΝΙ

Φ

(Λ

ΛΟ ΥΤ ΑΡ

Σ

Π

ΚΗ

Α

Ρ.

ΣΟ

ΣΟ

ΝΙ

ΑΥ

ΩΣ

ΑΓ .

ΑΓ .

ΥΣ

ΕΙ

ΙΣ

ΙΜ

ΠΟ

XΟ Υ

XΟ Υ

ΠΡ

.Κ

ΟΡ

ΠΡ

Μ

.Κ

ΗΤ

ΟΜ

ΗΛ

Α

ΡΟ

ΠΟ

ΟΡ

ΠΡ

Α

ΩΣ

ΟΡ

ΟΜ

ΗΛ

ΟΥ

Α

ΗΤ

ΩΣ

ΟΡ

ΟΜ

ΗΛ

Α

ΚΗ

ΠΟ

ΛΕ

Σ

ΗΤ

(Λ

ΕΩ

.)

10

15

20

25

30

Ι.

Cultural facilities

ΙΑ Σ

Free spaces (to be specified in the city’s street plan)

ΩΣ

Φ

Special Presidential Decree for Land Uses - Markets

ΠΟ

ΣΟ

ΙΑ Σ

Φ

ΣΟ

Main city functions

ΡΟ

ΛΕ

Φ

ΑΓ .

0 5

ΑΓ .

30

ΥΡΑ

.)

ΩΣ

ΣΚΟ

Φ

Μ

ΝΙ

ΡΟ

ΚΟΥ

ΕΩ

Ι.

(Λ

.Κ

ΗΛ

Σ

ΠΟ

ΝΤ

ΗΛ

ΝΤ

ΚΗ

ΡΟ

ΛΕ

ΠΡ

Μ

ΝΙ

ΗΤ

ΗΛ

ΚΑ ΡΟ Λ

ΟΥ

ΚΑ ΡΟ Λ

.Κ

Μ

ΟΜ

ΛΕ

ΥΡΑ

ΕΙ

ΣΤ

ΡΟ

ΛΕ

ΩΡ

ΣΚΟ

ΠΟ

ΠΛ ΙΣ

56

Υ

ΚΗ

Ν

.Θ

ΟΤ

Μ ΑΤ

25

ΙΟ

ΙΣ

ΝΩ

ΣΤ

ΑΓ

ΥΣ ΠΛ

20

ΤΣ

ΟΥ

ΙΜ

ΝΗ

ΘΑ

ΚΗ

ΛΕ

15

ΡΙ

ΟΛ

ΤΣ

Μ

ΠΟ

ΝΟ

ΘΕ ΗΤ

10

ΣΤ

ΚΑ Ρ

ΚΟ

ΗΛ

ΛΑ

ΑΡ Ι

ΔΗ ΟΣ Μ

0 5

ΝΝ ΑΔ

Σ ΗΡ

ΝΤ

ΚΑ

ΚΗ

Ν ΚΗ

ΓΕ

Α

Υ

ΑΡ ΟΥ

Υ

ΙΣ

ΝΩ ΘΑ

ΟΥ

Υ

ΟΥ

ΙΜ

ΝΗ

ΠΟ

ΚΑ

Π ΑΘ ΛΑΤ ΩΝ ΕΙΑ ΟΣ

Υ

ΕΛ

Ν

ΙΟ

ΟΛ

ΤΣ

Μ

ΛΑ

ΝΟ

ΟΤ

ΝΩ

ΚΑ Ρ

ΚΟ

ΚΑ

ΡΙ

ΡΚ

ΙΣ Τ

ΝΗ

Σ ΛΕ

ΜΑ

ΜΟ

Σ.

ΑΚ

ΓΕ

ΠΑ

ΕΡ

Υ

ΒΑ

ΗΡ

ΑΥ ΠΑ

ΝΟ

Υ

Μ

Η

ΟΥ

Ν

Σ.

Η

ΤΣ

ΙΟ

ΜΟ

ΒΑ

Μ

ΜΙ

ΛΕ

ΚΟ

Υ

ΟΤ

ΙΟ

ΕΛ

ΝΩ

ΕΡ

ΟΥ

ΔΗ

ΑΚ

ΛΑ

ΤΣ

ΗΡ

ΠΑ

ΡΙ

Σ.

ΟΤ

ΝΗ

Μ

ΟΥ

ΣΤ

Μ

Υ

Π ΑΘ ΛΑΤ ΩΝ ΕΙΑ ΟΣ

Υ

ΡΚ

ΙΣ Τ

ΚΟ

ΑΡ

ΜΑ

ΚΑ

ΑΓ

ΓΚ

ΠΑ

ΝΟ

Υ

ΝΟ

ΡΟ

ΠΑ

ΛΑ

ΙΟ

ΡΙ

ΔΡ

ΝΩ Ν

ΓΕ

ΟΥ

ΜΗ ΤΡ .

ΝΗ

ΑΥ

ΩΤ

Υ

ΒΑ

Η

ΛΕ

ΠΑ

ΑΚ

Μ

ΗΡ

ΚΙ

ΛΟ

Υ

ΡΟ ΓΚ ΟΤ

Α

ΙΟ

ΤΣ

Η

Σ.

ZΕ

Η

ΝΝ ΑΔ

Υ

ΡΟ ΓΚ ΟΤ

ΒΑ

ΝΙ

Α

ΓΕ

Μ

ΜΙ

ΛΟ

ΔΗ

ΟΥ

ΗΝ

ΤΙ

ΚΟ Μ

.Μ

ΒΕ

ΑΓ

ΑΓ

ΕΛ .

ΔΡ

ΜΗ ΤΡ .

ΟΥ

ΑΝ ΟΥ

ΒΑ

ΑΝ ΟΥ

ΩΤ

ΝΩ Ν

ZΕ

ΝΙ

Α

ΚΙ

ΠΑ Λ

ΠΑ Λ

ΝΗ

ΒΕ

ΗΝ

ΤΙ

ΚΟ Μ

ΕΛ .

.Μ

Μ

Μ

ΒΑ ΑΓ

ΚΟΥ

ΕΡ

ΚΛ

Religious spaces

Main city functions

Special Presidential Decree for Land Uses - Markets

Borders of areas with special land-use regulations

Free spaces (to be specified in the city’s street plan)

Cultural facilities

Special social facilities

Religious spaces

57

3.3 Map of Monuments ΚΛ

ΕΙ

ΣΟ

ΥΡ

Ι. Δ ΡΑ ΓΟ ΥΜ

ΣΟ

Η

ΚΑ ΠΟ Δ

61K

ΙΣ Τ

ΛΩ

ΜΟ

ΕΩ Ν

Α

ΠΑ

Μ

ΠΑ

ΠΟ

ΣΟ

Μ

Μ

ΟΥ

XΑ

ΚΑ

ΤΟ

Η

ΛΩ

ΩΝ

ΣΟ

ΛΚ Ε

ΥΝ

Υ

ΔΩ ΝΗ

ΛΟ

ΑΝ

ΙZ Ε

.

ΣΠ

ΕΝ

ΟΥ

Λ. Β

ΥΛ

59K

ΛΩ

Ε

ΔΟ

.

27K

ΛΚ

ΟΥ

XΑ

Μ

ΚΟ ΥΝ ΤΟ ΥΡ

ΚΑ ΡΙ ΠΗ

ΡΙ ΟΥ

Υ

47K-50K

ΕΡ

ΑΣ

Μ

ΟΥ

ΜΕ ΝΕ ΞΕ

54K

ΒΑ

54K

ΒΛ

Ν

Ο

Α

ΝΑ

Η

ΤΙ

Α

ΚΥ

ΕΙ

Η

ΚΛ

.Μ

ΕΓ

ΑΛ

ΡΑ

Η Σ.

ΑΓ

ΔΩ

Υ

ΑΣ

ΝΙ ΑΤ ΟΥ

ΚΗ

ΤΟ

Υ ΜΗ ΤΡ .Γ ΕΝ ΝΑ ΔΙΟ

58K

51K

28K

ΩΤ

ΔΡ

.Γ

ΟΥ

Μ

ΕΝ ΝΑ Δ

Η

Υ

ΙΟ

ΡΟ ΓΚ ΟΤ

ΣΑ

52K

ΙΤ

53K

ΜΗ ΤΡ

ΟΥ

ΑΓ

ΟΥ

15K

ΚΙ

ΔΗ Μ

ΕΛ

ΙZ

Α

ΤΙ

ΝΩ Ν

ΕΝ

ΗΝ

ΒΑ

52βK

ΝΗ

.Β

.Μ

14K

ΚΟ Μ

ΕΛ

ΑΓ

ΛΑ ΝΟ Υ

ΠΑ

Υ

Μ

13K

Η

ΒΑ

Σ.

ΛΕ

ΑΥ

ΓΕ

ΠΑ

ΑΚ

Μ

ΗΡ

ΠΑ

ΜΑ

ΑΡ Ι

ΡΙ

ΝΟ

ΚΑ

Π ΑΘ ΛΑΤ ΩΝ ΕΙΑ ΟΣ

Υ

ΡΚ

ΣΤ

ΟΥ

ΣΤ

ΡΙ

ΤΣ

ΙΟ

Υ

Ν

ΟΥ

ΕΛ

ΝΩ

ΟΤ

ΝΗ

Μ

Η

ΚΟ

ΟΤ

ΓΚ

Υ

ΝΟ

Υ

ΡΟ

ΠΑ

ΛΑ

ΙΟ

Σ

ΕΡ

ΜΟ

Υ

55K

24K

ΒΑ

Σ.

ΑΚ

OTE

ΙΟ

ΡΟ Λ

ΛΕ

ΚΑ

ΗΡ

Υ

ΟΥ ΗΛ

ΝΤ

ΚΟ

ΤΣ

ΙΣ

ΚΗ

Ν

ΠΟ

ΙΜ

22K

ΝΩ

ΛΑ

ΝΗ

Μ

ΚΑ

ΚΗ

ΑΡ

ΘΑ

ΙΣ Τ

105K

ΑΓ

4K

.Θ

ΟΤ

ΕΟ

ΔΩ

23K

ΝΟ

ΘΕ

Σ

ΟΣ

ΟΥ

ΗΜ

ΕΛ

Δ

74K

ΡΑ

Σ

ΥΣ

104K Μ

102K

ΗΤ

114K

ΡΟ

ΠΟ

ΣΤ

ΑΥ

89K

ΛΕ

Ρ.

ΩΣ

ΓΕ

ΩΡ

ΓΙ

ΟΥ

75K ΠΛΑΤΕΙΑ ΑΡΙΣΤΟΤΕΛΟΥΣ

ΤΣ

ΙΜ

88K

ΙΣ

ΚΗ ΑΓ .

(Λ

ΕΩ

101K

Φ

.)

ΙΑ Σ

Σ

ΠΛ ΟΥ ΤΑ Ρ

ΚΗ

Φ

ΣΟ

103K

ΝΙ

XΟ Υ

76K

3K

ΠΡ

.Κ

ΟΡ

Μ

ΗΤ

ΟΜ

ΗΛ

Α

ΡΟ

ΠΟ

2K

ΛΕ

ΠΡ

ΟΥ

ΚΑ ΡΟ Λ

.Κ

ΩΣ

ΟΡ

ΟΜ

ΗΛ

Α

ΗΛ

ΝΤ

Μ

ΗΤ

20

25

30

Ι.

15

ΩΣ

ΑΓ .

10

ΠΟ

ΥΡΑ

.)

1K

0 5

ΡΟ

ΛΕ

Φ

Α Ι.

ΕΩ

ΣΚΟ

(Λ

ΚΟΥΡ

Σ

ΚΟΥΣ

ΚΗ

ΚΟΥ

ΝΙ

ΙΑ Σ

Φ

ΣΟ

58

Protection limits for Prehistoric & Classical period Monuments or Archaeological Sites

Protection limits for Modern Monuments

Byzantine - Ottoman period Monuments or Archaeological Sites

Religious spaces

Modern Monuments

Prehistoric & Classical period Monument & Archaeological Site Locations Byzantine – Ottoman period Monument or Archaeological Site Locations

3.4 Map of Planned Emblematic Projects

4 Competition Info 4.1 Competition Timeline 4.2 Approvals required 4.3 Designs required 4.4 Design Specifications & Deliverables 4.5 Design Stages & Time schedule

63

4.1 Competition timeline 02 FEBRUARY 2021

4.4 Design Specifications & Deliverables Competition announcement published in the Greek Press and on the webpages of the competent professional bodies

01 MARCH 2021

Deadline for questions

11 MARCH 2021

Answers to the questions submitted

06 JUNE 2021

Deadline for proposals submissions

The design specifications and deliverables per design stage are stipulated in the Decision nr. ΔΝΣβ/1732/ ΦΝ466 (Greek Government Gazette vol. 1047Β’/29-3-2019) by the Minister of Infrastructures & Transport.

It should be noted that, in formulating the design’s open air spaces, the specifications of Ministerial Decision nr. 52907/31- 12-2009 (Greek Government Gazette vol. 2621Β’/31-12-2009) on “Special arrangements for servicing people with disabilities in public spaces aimed for the circulation of pedestrians” shall apply.

4.5 Design Stages and Time schedule The designers selected, pursuant to the provisions of articles 111 and 32 of Law 4412/2016, will be called to prepare the design in three stages: Stage 1: Preliminary Design

4.2 Approvals required

Stage 2: Final Design

The concept design architectural competition that is currently in process renders the submission of the axis regeneration design to the local Council of Architecture unnecessary, pursuant to the provisions of par. D, article 7 of Law 4495/2017. However, the design will be submitted for approval to the competent Services of the Ministry of Culture and Sports and Ministry of Interior – Macedonia & Thrace Division, pursuant to the provisions of Law 3028/2002.

Stage 3: Implementation Design

It should be noted that the constructions allowed in public spaces are the ones stipulated in article 20 of Law 4067/2012, while those constructed without prior issuance of a building licence are the ones indicated in the Ministerial Decision nr. 52716/2001. For other potential prefabricated or temporary constructions, a building licence may be required, according to the provisions of article 21 of Law 4067/2012, Law 4495/2017 and the standing legislation during the design preparation. The designers that will be awarded the design preparation will be responsible for the issuance of all approvals required.

The overall time for the completion of the contractual scope is 14 months from the signing of the private agreement. This will also include the time necessary for any intermediate stage approvals and the final acceptance of the design, as well as an estimated three-month period for approval by the competent Services of the Ministry of Culture and Sports (prior to the preliminary design stage approval).

The time for the actual design preparation will be 8 months. The design contractors will be called to submit a time schedule for the design preparation within 15 days from the signing of the private agreement.

Submission of time schedule Submission of preliminary design

4.3 Designs required For the completion of the design, the following distinct design categories are necessary, as stipulated in subparagraph 15, par. 3, article 2 of Law Ν.4412/2016:

1MONTH

3 MONTHS 3 MONTHS

Submission of Final Design

Final submission of Implementation Design (Tender Documents)

2 MONTHS

2 MONTHS 3 MONTHS

Special Architectural Design (category 7) Structural Design (category 8)

Start of Implementation Design (Tender Documents)

Start of Preliminary Design Start of Final Design

Mechanical, Electrical and Electronic Design (category 9) Design for urban space and monument facades special lighting Landscaping and green works design (category 25) Traffic design (category 10) 64

14 MONTHS

preparation time acceptance & approval time

65

References V. Dimitriadis, “Topography of Thessaloniki During the Period of Turkish Rule 14301912”, Thessaloniki 1985.

A. Karadimou-Gerolympou, “The Redesign of Thessaloniki after the Fire of 1917”, University Studio Press, Thessaloniki, 1995.

V. Kolonas, “A Hundred Years of Architecture: Thessaloniki 1912-2012”, Second Edition, University Studio Press, 2016.

A. Papagiannopoulos, “History of Thessaloniki”, John Rekos & Co., Thessaloniki, 1985.

“ARISTOTELOUS. Redesigning the Monumental Axis of Thessaloniki”, International Architectural Competition, Organization of the Cultural Capital of Europe – Thessaloniki 1997.

“Transformations of the Urban Environment”, Livanis Publications, Thessaloniki, 2001.

“Transforming the City”, Organization of the Cultural Capital of Europe – Thessaloniki 1997.

Annex

69

#AristotelousAxis – The Questionnaire

Supplementary presentation of results

Part 1: Daily experience

These are the detailed results of the questionnaire parts presented briefly in sub-chapter 1.6#AristotelousAxis: The Questionnaire.

Based on your own experience of the city, which is the end point of the monumental axis of Aristotelous?

Main demographics of the participants

Axis length starting from the reference point of Nikis Avenue up to the following streets:

The total number of the participants was 2,226. Their demographic characteristics are the following:

% 40

Age

Gender

51%

Women

15 - 18

48%

Men

19 - 25

4% 1%

Other

26 - 35

30

9.25%

66 - 79

Employed

16%

Students (higher education)

7.05%

31.61%

1%

Students (primary/secondary school)

61.34%

Permanent resident within the urban agglomeration of Thessaloniki

70

Filippou

Olympou

Agiou Dimitriou

Kassandrou Olympiados Other

Do you think that Aristotelous axis has changed over time? % 40

Visitor

Unemployed

38.44% 31.61%

30

Homemakers

17.96%

20

94% Metropolitan Area of Thessaloniki

Abroad

Egnatia

Permanent resident

1% Attica Prefecture 3% Rest of Greece

10.82%

10

1.17%% Overall Point Unchanged Point upgrade degradation degradation

Geographical distribution of the participants

2%

Ermou

0.36%

Place of residence

Retired

Greece

Vas. Irakleiou

7.45%

0.18%

6% 4% 1%

98%

1.66%

A heatmap representing the intensity/concentration degree of the meeting points that were recorded on the area map by the respondents.

2.16%

Over 80 0.04%

68%

1.21%

Which point along Aristotelous axis do you usually choose as a meeting point?

17.61%

56 - 65

Employment

1.98%

25.92%

46 - 55

No answer

1.08%

Mitropoleos Tsimiski

24.98%

15.76% 7.99%

10

18.69%

36 - 45

No answer

13.47%

20

1.17%

25.45%

23.57%

Overall upgrade

Note: The results of the following parts are presented in more detail in sub-chapter 1.6#Aristotelous Axis: the Questionnaire.

• •

Unit 2: Infrastructures Unit 3: Thessaloniki, a modern multicultural city

71