ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO 3 :AIR JOURNAL
dan xu 365844
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 CASE FOR INNOVATION 1.I.1 Architecture as a Discourse 1.I.2 Computing in Architecture 1.I.3 Scripting culture 1.1.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH PROJECT
1.2.1 Scope of Posibilities 1.2.1.1 Input/Association/Output Matrix 1.2.1.2 Reverse-engineering Case Study 1.2.1.3 Design progression 1.2.1.4 Material Effect 1.2.1.5 Assembly Methods 1.2.2 Research Project Conclusion
1.3 Expression of Interest Conclusion: Competitive Advantage 1.4 Learning Objectives and Outcomes: Interim
CHAPTER 1
CASE FOR INNOVATION
This chapter aim to discuss architecture as a discourse that manifest human perception, followed by a brief overview of computing in architecture as well scriping cultures using case studies of design project using such method or concept.
ARCHITECTURE AS A
DISCOURSE
“Corporate Design...the precise calculated diversity provides visual variety that enables an accurate reflection of the increasing mutability of society.“
-Jan Teunen
Project Credit Name: Leonardo Glass Cube Architects: 3Deluxe Architects Location:Höxter, Germany, 2007 1.1.1
The concept for the Lenardo Glass Cube is to intergrate architecture, interior and graphic design into a complex aesthetic entity, resulting from a interdisciplinary design process, a working method which characterise the contemperary design process. The Cube sits within a natural landscape, however, it intergrates its ripple shapes from the building into the landscape, creates a harmonious atmosphere with its surroundings and allow for a reinterpretation of both the space and the observer’s perception. The interior arrangement has the concept of “space within space“. The undulating curved wall create an introverted exhibition space while its other side afford the hallway along the glass facade. The Corporate Design approach informed by the multidisciplinary approach advances the discourse of architecture, as it will provide mutability to the cultural, social and economical values to the Wyndham City. The urban spacial experience will be enriched by the Gateway Project as it provides visual variety by its space within space concept.
ARCHITECTURE AS A
DISCOURSE The concept of multilayered atmosphere will expand the view of space into a dynamic and process-like setting, not only exploring the constructed “Multilayered Atmosphere... space, but also design the brings about a positive pertime people spend in it. ceptual process of similar The highly complex multicomplexity as they occur, for media staging submerge example, in nature.“ the space into a constantly -Matthew Stewart changing atmosphere; every new virtural layers overlay the real space and generate an enhanced, Project Credit concentrated reality. Name: Cocoon Club The digital layers seemArchitects: 3 Deluxe Architects lessly composed by 21 Location: Frankfurt, 2004y 1.1.2
video projecyors, creates an impression of liveliness, the wall and even the space seem to be dissolving. The concept advance architecture discourse as it can reinterprete people’s perception of space and time. The multilayered atmosphere will benefit the Gateway Project as it will not only be an eye catching installation, but also a place where people can experience the time flow of urban development and cultural diversity.
Personal Project HEADPIECE
ARCHITECTURE AS A
DISCOURSE 1.1.3
ARCHITECTURE AS A
DISCOURSE
This is a personal project in the virtual environments. The concept of the design came from the aurora, the aurora changes its shape with its went head in time, so is my intention of the design project: to inform the changing of time and space through the complexity and variety in the geometric shape of the headpiece. The use of computer-aided-design was widely featured, the initial model in the sketchup was completely different form the final one, it was through progressive modification and alteration that I came up this shape. This is a first attempt in the digitazation of modeling, yet it create a satisfactory outcome. The project shows the power of digital architecture. It is not a design that can be achieved using the traditional method, the massive detailing, the changing forms can hardly be imagined in human mind, not to mention how to communicate it. Therefore, computers can be a useful assitant in the design and manufacture of projects.(Burry, 2011)
1.1.4
COMPUTING
IN ARCHITECTURE
Digital morphogenes refers to the logic of form generation and pattern-making in an organism through processes of growth and differentiation. The focus of such method lies not only in the form-finding process, but also ethical and economical values. Nature operates largely through a logic of optimisation, which provides architects with ideas and inspirations. If a form that operates more efficiently from the structural point of view, there will be great effiency in the material waste. Similiarily, if a devise performs more efficiently in terms of energy consumption, there will be less loss of energy in heating or cooling our buildings. In either point of view, the morphogenes will reserve resources in the world. In the competition of the Gateway Project, the digital morphogene method will be a base form-finding process to generate the optimistic shape, by calcuation and modification, we will try to find optimistic solution to meet the brief as well as providing aesthetic beauty.
1.2.1
Project Credit Name: The National Aquatic Centre Architects: PTW Architects Location: Beijing,
“Digital morphogenes...takes inspiration from biology and operates through a logic of optimisation,..places emphasis on ‘material performance’ and ‘processes over representation’.”
-Neil Leach
1.2.2
Award: Venice Biennale – Award for most accomplished work Atmosphere section. The National Aquatic Centre poses a key idea in the rethinking of the relationship between nature and human. This building has became a landmark in the city for both its aesthetic value and its structural values. The pneumatic elements were interconnected, forming a shape with an analogy of the bubble. The internal structure of the facade is complex, the concept of which came from the honeycomb, in this case, the designer aim to use less material to achieve equal structural stability.
IN ARCHITECTURE
COMPUTING
SCRIPTING CULTURE
The Lotte Super Tower begins with a constant transformation from a square base to a circle top. The concept is structural as well as architectural: transformation in order to shed wind vortices which occur in unchanging form, taper for efficient mass distribution of mixed-use program which require varying lease spans. The geometrical challenge of transforming a square into a circle was resolved by creating triangular facets on the building. Therefoe, parametric design extend its use from structural description to the coresponding cladding elements. (Kolarevic) Parametric Modeling provide a far greater potential outcomes for investigation,(Burry) For example, the building’s exterior wall utilizes rulebased documentation, the selection of the final solution lies within a variety of choices. It also provide efficiency across different platforms since it’s not restricted by one software.(Burry) The digital model is visualized in renderings and drawings to ensure design intent.At the same time, the relationship with the structure was tested for fabrication feasibility. In conclusion, scripting can save a number of repeated work load and give more space for creativity thinking.(Burry)
1.3.1
Project Credit Name: Lotte Super Tower Architects: Kohn Pedersen Fox Location: Seoul, South Korea, 2015
“Scripting...or Parametric Approach...can provide significant flexibility, efficiency, and coordination capability for complex and prolonged design problems in practice.�
-Kat Park, Nicholas Holt, Owings & Merrill
SCRIPTING CULTURE 1.3.2
cccc
CONCLUSION The Gateway Project will benefit from the use of parametric design in a number of ways: there will be far more potential outcomes for investgation, and as the design outcome became varied, the satisfactory outcome will become more appliable and ambitious. It can save time and energy con-
sumed during the documentation process across different platforms and provide more opportunity for multi-discipline communication. It can stem a deeper meaning from a simple structural into a complex and meaningful exterior, and thus advancing the discourse of current architecture practice.
CHAPTER 1
1.4.1
CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH PROJECT
This chapter will give a brief overview of the research project on parametric design and the process of case study research, conjugated with some discussions on the limitations and the advantages for the progressive exploration models.
CUT RESEARCH PROJECT
MATRIX
DEVELOP
INPUT+ASSOCIATION+OUTPUT
Using Surface Normal-Image sampler-Extrusion Curve intersection + Attractor Point + Data Driven Extrusion
MATRIX
MATRIX
Pattern And Overlap-Using sets-Rotation
2.4.1
Curve Intersection-Attractor Point-Rotation Curve intersection + Attractor Point + Data Driven Rotation
Boolean Pattern-Image Sampler-Shading
Abitrary Points-Using Sets-Extrude INPUT+ASSOCIATION+OUTPUT
Curve intersection-Curve attractor-Rotation
Surface grid-Stream Text-Extrusion Curve intersection + Curve attractor + Data Driven Rotation
Explicit grid-Image Sampler-Data Driven Component
Curve Intersection-Math Function-Component
Explicit grid + Image Sampler + Data Driven Component
Surface grid-MultiMath Function-Rotation
Explicit grid + Curve Attractor + Data Driven Rotation
INPUT+ASSOCIATION+OUTPUT 2.4.2
CUT RESEARCH PROJECT
DEVELOP
CUT RESEARCH PROJECT
The selected example matrix is examined from a number of different matrix using the “Depth first“ search method.(Kalay) The framing of the parametric design tool is simple: the input will generate a number of points on a surface that perform as a base for form-making. Asssociation technique adds parameters to the original geometry and the output will generate transformation method to the geometery using associaition techniques. These two particular example was chosen as their outcome is satisfactory. By exploring the different techniques, I realized that the idea of generating a system of uncertainty from a logical sense was
INPUT+ASSOCIATION+OUTPUT
very interesting, the surface grid and surface normal component can provide logical input. However, certain degree of control is needed to provide us human interaction with the parameters, the image sampler and multimath function can give us with a certain degree of awareness of the possible outcome. And for the out[put method, we need a visible outcome, compared with the other output, rotation and extrusion best satisfy out design intent. In the image shown, the extrusion depth is controled by the luminance of the image, the rotaion degree is determined by the math function performed from the position of a certain point on the surface.
MATRIX
MATRIX
MATRIX
DEVELOP
SURFACE GRID-MULTIMATH FUNCTION-ROTATION 2.4.3
INPUT+ASSOCIATION+OUTPUT
The search project is a generative of solution synthesis and evalution, in other words, a puzzle maing process.(Kalay) By evaluating the possible outcome and the design intent, one can find certain point where both can be satisfied. Since the design is a process of finding the best solution, it has uncertainty within the process as well as the outcome.(Kalay) But during the search process, human, makes mistakes and lose track sometimes, this is a
point where parametric design can be handy. Since Computer can perform repeatitive tasks without getting bored. man can scrpt codes and change certain parameters while machine will visualized the outcome. And by evaluating the advantage and disadvantage of the design outcome, people can adjust the code to make it more satisfactory. Therefore, it is a more efficient method to design the Wyndham Gateway Project.
CUT RESEARCH PROJECT 2.4.4
DEVELOP
CUT RESEARCH PROJECT
DEVELOP CASE STUDY RESEARCH John Lewis Building, FOA, Leicester, 2008 Pattern produced by four panels of varying density that meet seemlessly to produce the cultural tradition through the convergence of material quialities
SPACIAL FEELING DOUBLE-LAYER
Airspace Tokyo, Faulders Studio, Tokyo, 2007 Creating exterior building skin by a layer of dense vegetation, the design invents an architectural system that performs with similar attributes to the demolished green strip and creates a new atmospheric space of protection.
NATURE SKIN Dior Ginza, Office of Kumiko Inui, Japan, 2004 The diplicts canage pattern, combined with double layered skin, produce a hazy, moire effect. The Dior present itself as an architectural apprection through the luminious effect of its carefully designed surface.
PERFORMATIVE SURFACE DOUBLE-LAYER 2.5.1
Spanish Pavilion, FOA, Japan, 2005 Variation in color invoke the country’s geological distinguishion, the six-tile panel is rotated and mirrored to create continuity and high degree of variation on the facade.
REPETITION HERITAGE
Articulated Cloud,Ned Kahn, Pittsburgh, PA. 2004 By the use of acrylic panels, creates a dynamic surface that response air movement in a beautiful and unpredictable way.
CHANGE DYNAMIC
De Young Museum, Herzog & de Meuron Switzerland, 2005 The museum’s unique copper façade is perforated to simulated dappled light filtering through a canopy of trees, creating an abstract pattern that harmonize the natural landscape.
LIGHT EFFECT HARMONIZE NATURE CUT RESEARCH PROJECT 2.5.2
DEVELOP
CUT RESEARCH PROJECT
DEVELOP CASE STUDY RESEARCH Restaurant Aoba-Tei, Hitoshi Abe, Sendai, 2005 Adopt idea from the vegetation, use the imagery of Sendai’s characteristic landscape, the steel panels are perforated with a holepattern based on a photograph of a Zelkova tree canopy. ORGANIC SURFACE
Andre de Gouveia Residence, Vincent Parreira, Paris, 2007 Arrangement of perforation pattern produce calcada pattern, the application of translucent figure generate both familiar figure and light effect invoking materiality quality of Portuguese palce and residence. NATURE PATTERN HISTORICAL McCormick Tribune Campus Center, OMA The use of 2 dimentional surface to create a 3 dimentional effect through the play with depth and thickness of the modulars, thus create mysterious light effect. EMOTIONAL MOVEMENT 2.5.3
Carabanchel Social Housing,FOA United Kingdom, 2007 The repetitive of bamboo screen provide the building with continious and unique material expression, as well as variable opacity and transparency ratio. Thus create a homogenous relationship of the comunity.
MATERIALITY CONTINUOUS
Gantenbein Vineyard Facade, Gramazio & Kohler, Switzerland, 2006 Placement of brickwork in pre-programmed matter, bricks were placed to permit indirect light into the interior. The materiality of bricks will vary as one approach the building froma distance.
CHANGE MATERIALITY Performative architecture refer to projects that can respond to the environmental change and gives opportunity for interactive human experience, designs that is aware of existing approaches and the potentials for the future outcome. In regards with “air�, some more advanced techniques has been applied in comtemporary practice, and parametric modelling can be extend into the simulation of environments with generative and evaluative capabilities able to stage more types of opportunities. 2.5.4
CUT RESEARCH PROJECT
DEVELOP
CUT RESEARCH PROJECT
DEVELOP
This is the case study chosen for further research. The design of space is conceptualized on the axis normal to the ground plane. The structure runs between the ceiling and the ground. To that end, a striated wood-slatted system is developed that conceals the apprearace of the mechanical, plumbing, and lighting systems, creating a seamless landscape. To underline this strategy, certain areas of the ceiling “drip” and “slump”, acknowledging the location of to place exit signs, lighting features, and other details. The building material is performative since it gives aesthetic taste as well as structural value, more importantly, the material is used to inform the perception of space and experience. The BANQ restaurant was awarded by the Wallpaper magazine as the best new restaurant.
PROJECT CREDITS BANQ restaurant/ 1375 Washington Street, Boston, MA/ 2006-2008 Architect / Office dA, Inc. 2.5.5
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
As one moves within the restaurant, the seemless, continuious relationship of the project will inform people a sense of movement. The materiality of the wood finish is enriched through direct and indirect light effect as one moves through the space, which
2.5.6
creates homogenous relationship between the space below the structure and the building itself. The idea of combining structure with ornamentation, creating seemless relationship bewteen the atmosphere is a directive approach in the later exploration and development.
CUT RESEARCH PROJECT
DESIGN PROGRESSION
DEVELOP
FINAL MODEL For the final model, we explored several different methods, all of them were interperated in our final one. We use the waffle system to build our ribs, the layered style to build the overall shape, and then use the interlocking method to connect the layered shape and the ribs together.
REFLECTION
The first step is analysis of problem, since it is a case-based design, after analysing the case study project, we take on the approach of overlaying effect. During the solution synthesis process, we came up with four different solutions and evaluate them individually using both the ‘depth first‘ and ‘best first‘ search method.(Kalay) Since we are not satisfied with the resulted, we choose the layered method for further development-by adding waffle grid underneath the layers and placement of interlocking gaps. 2.6.1
WAFFLE The waffle system aim to explore the structural protential of models. It subdivide the original surface into grid of points and then use them as control points to build basic curves. by offsetting the curve and planar lines, we get the waffle geomotery. However, the strip size is limited, and it is therefore had to construct the model. However, we derive the structural solution from the experiment.
ROTATION The rotation method uses the rotate component to rotate the original model to a certain degree.Although it’s interesting to explore the intersection of planars, it’s not possible to make the actural model. INTERLOCK The interlocking method is a further exploration of waffle system. In this case, the grid is rotated at a specific angle. However, similar to the waffle system, model will be distracted by the endless ribs underneath.
LAYERED We intend to solve the structural problem by placing another layer of material beneath the original pattern. But when try to imagine the experience while passing through this, we give up the method since most part of the model can not be observed by audience.
2.6.2
CUT RESEARCH PROJECT
DEVELOP
ASSEMBLY METHOD
2.6.3
INPUT: [SURFACE] REBUILD SURFACE IN RHINO WITH REFERENCE TO THE DATA FLOW [CONTOUR] CREATE A SET OF MESH CONTOUR FROM THE SURFACE [GRAFT] GRAFT TREE BY ADDING AN EXTRA BRANCH FOR EVERY DATA ITEM FOR FUTURE USE [CP] CONTROL POINT THAT EXTRACTED FROM THE CONTOUR LINES
ASSOCIATE TECHNIQUES: [PCOMP] DECOMPOSE THE CONTROL POINT INTO ACCORDING TO THE X,Y,Z COORDINATES [MATH FUNCTION] COLLECT THE Z COORINATE DATA FROM THE POINTS, USE MATH FUNCTION TO REGENERATE A DATA [MOVE] MOVE THE ORIGINAL CONTROL POINTS ACCORDING TO THE MATH DATA CREATED [CRV] CREATE ANOTHER NURBS CURVE FROM CONTROL POINTS
OUTPUT: [END] FIND END POINTS OF THE CONTOUR LINES [LINE] CONNECT THE POINTS TOGETHER [JOIN] JOIN THE END CURVES AND THE INTERSECTING NERB CURVES [PLANAR] CREATE A PLANAR SURFACE WITH THE JOINED CURVES
CUT RESEARCH PROJECT
DEVELOP 2.6.4
CUT RESEARCH PROJECT
DEVELOP
2.6.5
This series of photo demostrates how the model behaves under the different lighting effects. The objective of the lightening exploration is to see how the model behaves under the different lighting environments, this is an exploration of the project’s behaviour in the actual environment. We also attempt to explore the light of vehicles projected on the model when they pass through. Through it can create various environment, we found that we need to do more exploration on the lightening effect to explore translucent and opcity, as well as the consideration of air.
LIGHT EFFECT
2.6.6
FURTHER
DEVELOPMENT
After realizing the shortcome of the model, we began our exploration of surface perforated with a hole-pattern. The concept behind the exploration is to introduce some nature feature of the Wyndham City into the Gateway. In order to accopolish this theme, we source the river flow to produce a series of stream text, with that data, we were able to reproduce the natural flow in a visualized way by the cuves using data. After lofting the surface from these curves, we divide it into dormains and sort the list of items for further use. Then we collect series of points and connect them to build a triangularied surface. Using the image sampler of abriginal painting, we project the pattern to the triangularized surface to invoke a historical reflection of the cultural and natural setting of the Wyndham City.
CONCEPT METHOD 2.7.1
“Authentic architectural experiences derive from real or ideated bodily confrontations rather than visually observed entities.�
--Juhani Pallasmaa
2.7.2
FURTHER
DEVELOPMENT
“Ornament is the figure that emerges from the material substrate, the expression of embedded forces through processes of construction, assembly and growth. It is through ornament that material transmits affects.�
-Moussavi, Farshid,
2.7.3
This photo shows how the model behaves under the different lighting effect with the movement of air. which generates ‘motion’ effect in the photo. It is produced by applying unique lightening effect over to the model. The hazy, moire effect of the skin will give an architectural apprection through the luminious effect of the carefully designed skin. Therefore, the Wyndham Gateway project will be a project that express its structural with seemless connection with the landscape that invokes the natural setting of the area; with a skin of luminious lightening effect that taken the indigenious culture and historical values of the Werribe area.
2.7.4
EXPRESSION OF INTEREST CONCLUSION The installation of the Gateway Project will bring both aesthetic and social consciousness to the Wyndham City. The rich nature features that exist within the area can give inspiration to the development of the Gateway Project in a various way: for example, the corporate design method brings in multidiscipline into the value of the project, the multilayered effect of designs will create mysterious yet pleasing environment effect, as stated in Architecture as discourse; the mmmmm method can advance the architecture discourse by providing economic, social values, as
discussed in Computing in architecture; the challenge of uncertainty outcomes and future design challenges can be overcome by the use of parametric design method for its various potentials, as noted in Scripting Culture. Performance driven design is an opportunity to engage the interactive human nature with the designed project, by doing so, the Gateway project will not only be a monumental representation of the city itself, but also an opportunity for the visitors to engage with the hieratical and natural features of the Werribe area.
Materiality of the wood finish is enriched through direct and indirect light effect as one moves through the space, which creates homogenous relationship between the space below the structure and the building itself. The concept of combining structure with ornamentation, creating seemless relationship bewteen the atmosphere that invokes the natural setting of the area; with a skin of luminious lightening effect that taken the indigenious culture and historical values of the Werribe area. The use of parametric design in a number of ways: there will be far
more potential outcomes for investgation, and as the design outcome became varied, the satisfactory outcome will become more appliable and ambitious. It can save time and energy consumed during the documentation process across different platforms and provide more opportunity for multi-discipline communication. It can stem a deeper meaning from a simple structural into a complex and meaningful exterior, and thus advancing the discourse of current architecture practice.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES
The search project involves me to think about the philosophy of architecture in a much deeper sense. Prior to the learning, my perspective towards architecture is it is pure a visual art project that sits within an urban landscape and monumentalize its existence. Computers are very handful design tool that helps generate design outcomes, however, the reliance on the digital software can be so distracting that my thinking of the design process has been eliminated. Another objective of the course is the familiarity with scripting design. During a progressive of attempt of learning and trying, I gradually realized the power of parametric design. Unlike traditional design method during which people would analyse the problem and then generate idea that tries
to meet the design criteria; the search for the best design solution involves a lot of opportunities. By trying to combine the various input, associative technique and output together, we can find a number of outcomes; by changing the parameters, we can get a progressive result of geometry formulation. In conclusion, the learning outcome for the past few weeks is satisfactory and pleasing, yet there’s still space for development. The familarity with the grasshopper definition is lacked and thus limiting the scope of development; the process of fabrication is difficult and there should be plenty of space for exploration such as materiality; the linkage of the Gateway Project with the theme ‘air‘ need to be further explored in order to make it a more permormative, interactive architecture discourse.
REFERENCE:
1. Burry, Mark (2011). Scripting Cultures: Architectural Design and Programming (Chichester: Wiley), pp. 8 - 71 Jan Teunen, “To Be is to Transform“ in 3 deluxe, transdisciplinary Approaches to Design.Frame Publishers, Amsterdam, 2008 2. Kat Park, Nicholas Holt, Owings & Merrill, Parametric Design Process of a Complex Building In Practice Using Programmed Code As Master Model in International Journal of Architectural Computing, Multi Science Publishing, Volume 8, 2010 3. Kolarevic, Branko, Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing (New York; London: Spon Press, 2003), pp. 3 - 62 4. Matthew Stewart, “Multilayered Atmospheres“ in 3 deluxe, transdisciplinary Approaches to Design. Frame Publishers, Amsterdam, 2008 5. Moussavi, Farshid and Michael Kubo, eds (2006). The Function of Ornament (Barcelona: Actar), pp. 5-14. 6. Neil Leach, Digital Morphogenesis,in Architectural Design Special Issue: Theoretical Meltdown Volume 79, Issue 1, pages 32–37, 2009 7. Yehuda E. Kalay, Architecture’s New Media : Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 5 - 25