JOURNAL ABPL30048 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO 3 :AIR dan xu 365844
CONTENTS PART 1 EXPRESSION OF INTEREST 1.1 Case for Innovation 1.I.1 Architecture as a Discourse 1.I.2 Computing in Architecture 1.I.3 Parametric Modeling
1.1.4 Case for Innovation Conclusion 1.2 Research Project 1.2.1 Scope of Posibilities 1.2.1.1 Input/Association/Output Matrix 1.2.1.2 Reverse-engineering Case Study 1.2.1.3 Design progression 1.2.1.4 Material Effect 1.2.1.5 Assembly Methods 1.2.2 Research Project Conclusion 1.3 Expression of Interest Conclusion: Competitive Advantage 1.4 Learning Objectives and Outcomes: Interim
PART 2 PROJECT PROPOSAL 2.1 Project Interpretation 2.2 Project Delivery 2.3 Project Presentation
2.4 Project Proposal Conclusion
PART 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES: FINAL 3.1 Personal Background and Learning Objectives 3.2 Learning Progress 3.3 Learning Outcomes 3.4 Future Work
PART 1 EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
1.1 CASE FOR INNOVATION
This chapter aim to discuss architecture as a discourse that manifest human perception, followed by a brief overview of computing in architecture as well parametric design using case studies of design project using such method or concept.
ARCHITECTURE AS A
DISCOURSE
“Corporate Design...the precise calculated diversity provides visual variety that enables an accurate reflection of the increasing mutability of society.“
-Jan Teunen
Project Credit Name: Leonardo Glass Cube Architects: 3Deluxe Architects Location:Höxter, Germany, 2007 1.1.1
WHAT IS THE PROJECT ABOUT? The concept of Corporate Design of the Lenardo Glass Cube is to integrate architecture, interior design and graphic design into a complex aesthetic entity, resulting from an interdisciplinary design process, a working method which characterise the contemporary design process. (Teunen 2008) The Cube sits within a natural landscape, however, it integrates its ripple shapes from the building into the landscape, creates a harmonious atmosphere with its surroundings and allow for a reinterpretation of both the space and the observer’s perception. The interior arrangement has the concept of “space within space“. The undulating curved wall creates an introverted exhibition space while its other side afford the hallway along the glass facade. HOW DOES IT ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE AS A DISCOURSE The Corporate Design approach informed by the multidisciplinary approach advances the discourse of architecture, as it will provide mutability to the cultural, social and economic values to the Wyndham City. The urban spacial experience will be enriched by the Gateway Project as it provides visual variety by its space within space concept.
ARCHITECTURE AS A
DISCOURSE WHAT IS THE PROJECT ABOUT? The concept of multilayered atmosphere aims to expand the view of space into a dynamic and process-like setting, not only exploring the “Multilayered Atmosphere... constructed space, but also brings about a positive perdesign the time people spend ceptual process of similar in it. (Stewart, 2008) complexity as they occur, for The highly complex multimedia staging submerges example, in nature.“ -Matthew Stewart the space into a constantly changing atmosphere; every new virtual layer overlay the real space and generates an enhanced, concentrated realProject Credit ity. Name: Cocoon Club The digital layers seamlessly Architects: 3 Deluxe Architects composed by 21 video proLocation: Frankfurt, 2004y jectors, creating an impres-
1.1.2
sion of liveliness, the wall and even the space seem to be dissolving. HOW DOES IT ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE AS A DISCOURSE? The project of Cocoon Club will advances architecture discourse as it can reinterpret people’s perception of space and time by creating a space that is constantly changing. The multilayered atmosphere will fit the Gateway Project brief as it will not only be an eye catching installation, but also be a place where people can experience the time flow of urban development and cultural diversity.
Personal Project HEADPIECE
ARCHITECTURE AS A
DISCOURSE 1.1.3
ARCHITECTURE AS A
DISCOURSE WHAT IS THIS PROJECT ABOUT? This is a personal project I did in the virtual environments, a first year subject in bachelor of Environments. The design brief aims to produce a head piece using digital software of Google Sketch up. The concept of my design came from aurora, the northern light, the aurora changes its shape as time pass by, so is my intention of the design project: to inform the changing of time and space through the complexity and variety in the geometric shape of the headpiece. In other word, to design a project that changes as one view it in different angles. The use of computer-aided-design was widely featured during the design process, the initial model in the sketch up was completely different form the final one, it was through a progressive modification and alteration before I came up with this shape. This is my first attempt in the digitization design, yet it creates a satisfactory outcome and interesting experience. HOW DOES IT ADVANCE ARCHITECTURE AS A DISCOURSE? The project shows the power of digital design in architecture. It is not a design that can be achieved using the traditional method, the massive detailing, and the changing forms can hardly be imagined in human mind, not to mention how to communicate it and realized it in real world. Therefore, computers can be a useful assistant in the design and manufacture of projects. (Burry, 2011) Moreover, the concept of the changing atmosphere would enrich architecture as a discourse. The project will perform a dynamic setting as one change the angle of viewing. It will gives people a new sense of perception of time and space. (Stewart, 2008)
1.1.4
COMPUTING
IN ARCHITECTURE
WHAT IS THIS PROJECT ABOUT? The external appearance of the National Aquatic Centre was inspired by the natural formation of soap bubbles. That concept of that is called digital morphogenesis, which refers to the logic of form generation and pattern-making in an organism through processes of growth and differentiation. (Leach, 2009) The project utilized state-of-the-art technology and materials to achieve the visually exciting structure, but it’s more than just a pretty place. Central to the design philosophy is the core objective of energy conservation. The lightweight cladding allowed for a lighter internal structure, using far less steel than a conventional, glass-clad structure, a significant saving. The roof facade can collect 10,000 tons of rain water annually. The building uses solar energy to heat the pools and the interior area, and all backwash water is filtered and returned to the swimming pools. (Zou & Carter, 2008) HOW CAN THE PROJECT BE BENEFIT TO COMTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE? The focus of digital morphogenesis lies not only in the form-finding process, but also ethical and economical values. Nature operates largely through logic of optimization, which provides architects with ideas and inspirations. If a form that operates more efficiently from the structural point of view, there will be great efficiency in the material waste. (Leach, 2009) Similarly, if a devise performs more efficiently in terms of energy consumption, there will be less loss of energy in heating or cooling our buildings. In either point of view, this design philosophy will reserve resources in the world. In the competition of the Gateway Project, the digital morphogenetic method will be a base form-finding process to generate the optimistic shape, by calculation and modification; we will try to find optimistic solution to meet the brief as well as providing aesthetic beauty.
1.2.1
Project Credit Name: The National Aquatic Centre Architects: PTW Architects Location: Beijing,
“Digital morphogenes...takes inspiration from biology and operates through a logic of optimisation,..places emphasis on ‘material performance’ and ‘processes over representation’.”
-Neil Leach
1.2.2
Award: Venice Biennale’s Award for most accomplished work Atmosphere section. The National Aquatic Centre poses a key idea in the rethinking of the relationship between nature and human. This building has become a landmark in the city for both its aesthetic value and its structural values. The pneumatic elements were interconnected, forming a shape with an analogy of the bubble. The internal structure of the facade is complex, the concept of which came from the honeycomb, in this case, the designer aim to use less material to achieve equal structural stability.
IN ARCHITECTURE
COMPUTING
PARAMETRIC MODELING
WHAT IS THIS PROJECT ABOUT? The Lotte Super Tower begins with a constant transformation from a square base to a circle top. The concept is structural as well as architectural: transformation in order to shed wind vortices which occur in unchanging form, taper for efficient mass distribution of mixeduse program which requires varying lease spans. (Park, Holt, Owings & Merrill, 2010) HOW PARAMETRIC MODELLING ADVANCED COMTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE? The geometrical challenge of transforming a square into a circle was resolved by creating triangular faces on the building facade using digital software like grasshopper. (Park, Holt, Owings & Merrill, 2010) Therefore, parametric design can extend its use from structural description to the corresponding cladding elements. (Kolarevic, 2003) Parametric Modelling provides far greater potential outcomes for investigation and evaluation in the design process. (Burry, 2011) For example, the building’s exterior wall utilizes rule-based documentation, the selection of the final solution lies within a variety of choices. (Park, Holt, Owings & Merrill, 2010) It also provides efficiency across different platforms since it’s not restricted by one software. (Burry, 2011) The digital model is visualized in renderings and drawings to ensure design intent. At the same time, the relationship with the structure was tested for fabrication feasibility. Therefore, scripting can save a number of repeated work load and give more space for creativity thinking. (Burry, 2011)
1.3.1
Project Credit Name: Lotte Super Tower Architects: Kohn Pedersen Fox Location: Seoul, South Korea, 2015
“Scripting...or Parametric Approach...can provide significant flexibility, efficiency, and coordination capability for complex and prolonged design problems in practice.�
-Kat Park, Nicholas Holt, Owings & Merrill
1.3.2
PARAMETRIC MODELING
cccc
1.1.4 CASE FOR INNOVATION CONCLUSION
HOW CAN THESE CASES BE INNOVATIVE FOR THE GATEWAY PROJECT DESIGN? The multidisciplinary approach used in the design process will advances architecture as a discourse, as it provides mutability to the cultural, social and economic values to the Design Project. The multilayered atmosphere will reinterpret people’s perception of space and time by creating a space that is constantly changing. The Project will be a place where people can experience the time flow of urban development and cultural diversity. The design process aims to find a solution that optimizes the material consumption and
energy consumption as well as form finding inspirations. The Gateway Project will benefit from the use of parametric modeling in a number different of ways. There will be far more potential outcomes for investigation, and as the design outcome became varied, the satisfactory outcome will become more applicable and ambitious. It can save time and energy consumed during the documentation process across different platforms and provides more opportunity for multi-discipline communication. It can stem a deeper meaning from a simple structural into a complex and meaningful exterior, and thus advancing the discourse of current architecture practice.
PART 1 EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
1.4.1
PART 1 EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
1.2 RESEARCH PROJECT
This chapter will give a brief overview of the research project we did and some outcomes of the grasshopper form finding process, along with some critical analysis and evaluations. Followed by a brief interpretation of the case study research examples as well as the detailed analysis of the chosen case study project. A final model conjugated with some discussions on the limitations and the advantages for the progressive exploration models will be introduced in the final part as a progressive outcome.
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MATRIX
DEVELOP
INPUT+ASSOCIATION+OUTPUT
Using Surface Normal-Image sampler-Extrusion Curve intersection + Attractor Point + Data Driven Extrusion
MATRIX
MATRIX
Pattern And Overlap-Using sets-Rotation
2.4.1
Curve Intersection-Attractor Point-Rotation Curve intersection + Attractor Point + Data Driven Rotation
Boolean Pattern-Image Sampler-Shading
Abitrary Points-Using Sets-Extrude INPUT+ASSOCIATION+OUTPUT
Curve intersection-Curve attractor-Rotation
Surface grid-Stream Text-Extrusion Curve intersection + Curve attractor + Data Driven Rotation
Explicit grid-Image Sampler-Data Driven Component
Curve Intersection-Math Function-Component
Explicit grid + Image Sampler + Data Driven Component
Surface grid-MultiMath Function-Rotation
Explicit grid + Curve Attractor + Data Driven Rotation
INPUT+ASSOCIATION+OUTPUT 2.4.2
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Note: This page does not contain full matrix, refer to end of page for full version.
DEVELOP
Input: Surface Grid Association: MultiMath Functions Output: Extrusion WHAT IS THE CASE STUDY MATRIX ABOUT? This part aims to explore the potential of grasshopper design using simple combinations of definitions. The framing of the parametric design tool is simple: the input will generate a number of points on a surface that perform as a base for form-making. Association technique adds parameters to the original geometry and the output will generate transformation method to the geometry using association techniques. The selected example matrix is examined from a number of different matrix using the “Depth first� search method. (Kalay, 2004) MATRIX RIPPLE The Input was to divide a surface into a regular grid component for later use.
The Association technique uses the input values of the grid generated before, using multiple math functions to remap the values, so each of them are different. While for the Output function, the input provides us with the point where the pattern lies, and then we use the values from association as the radius to create a number of circles, and use the distance from the association techniques to generate the extrusion distance. By adding a number slider related to a vector input, one can control the distance of movement. The parameters to be changed in the definition are the math function input in the association techniques, as we change the values, the extrusion and the radius changes, which creates the effect of ripple.
Input: Pattern And Overlap Association: Using sets Output: Rotate
MATRIX SWARM The input was to divide a surface into several components and then move one of the surface over another, which create a number of overlapping points and planes. The Association technique was to find distance between points to the related curve. While for the Output function, we uses the points from input to create a number of circles, and use the distance from technique to generate the rota-
tion angle. By adding a number slider related to a vector input, one can control the distance of movement. The parameters to be changed in the definition are the distance of movement and the radius of circles. The movement of the circles will occur when changing the data for rotation, which comes with an analogy of the birds swarm. And the image above shows how the change of radius have influenced output image, which is similar to the ripples of the water.
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MATRIX
MATRIX
MATRIX
DEVELOP
2.4.3
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED FROM THE RESEARCH? These two particular examples were chosen as their outcome is satisfactory. By exploring the different techniques, I realized that the idea of generating a system of uncertainty from a logical sense was very interesting, the surface grid and surface normal component can provide logical input. However, certain degree of control is needed to provide us human interaction with the parameters; the im-
age sampler and multipath function can give us with a certain degree of awareness of the possible outcome. And for the out[put method, we need a visible outcome, compared with the other output, rotation and extrusion best satisfy out design intent. In the image shown, the extrusion depth is controlled by the luminance of the image; the rotation degree is determined by the math function performed from the position of a certain point on the surface.
Input: Surface grid Association: MultiMath Function Output: Rotate
Input: Use Surface Normal Association: Image Samplet Output: Extrusion
HOW CAN IT BE USED FOR THE GATEWAY PROJECT? The search project is a generative of solution synthesis and evalution, in other words, a puzzle maing process.(Kalay) By evaluating the possible outcome and the design intent, one can find certain point where both can be satisfied. Since the design is a process of finding the best solution, it has uncertainty within the process as well as the outcome.(Kalay) But during the search process, human, makes
mistakes and lose track sometimes, this is a point where parametric design can be handy. Since Computer can perform repeatitive tasks without getting bored. man can scrpt codes and change certain parameters while machine will visualized the outcome. And by evaluating the advantage and disadvantage of the design outcome, people can adjust the code to make it more satisfactory. Therefore, it is a more efficient method to design the Wyndham Gateway Project.
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DEVELOP
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DEVELOP CASE STUDY RESEARCH John Lewis Building, FOA, Leicester, 2008 Pattern produced by four panels of varying density that meet seemlessly to produce the cultural tradition through the convergence of material quialities
SPACIAL FEELING DOUBLE-LAYER
Airspace Tokyo, Faulders Studio, Tokyo, 2007 Creating exterior building skin by a layer of dense vegetation, the design invents an architectural system that performs with similar attributes to the demolished green strip and creates a new atmospheric space of protection.
NATURE SKIN Dior Ginza, Office of Kumiko Inui, Japan, 2004 The diplicts canage pattern, combined with double layered skin, produce a hazy, moire effect. The Dior present itself as an architectural apprection through the luminious effect of its carefully designed surface.
PERFORMATIVE SURFACE DOUBLE-LAYER 2.5.1
Spanish Pavilion, FOA, Japan, 2005 Variation in color invoke the country’s geological distinguishion, the six-tile panel is rotated and mirrored to create continuity and high degree of variation on the facade.
REPETITION HERITAGE
Articulated Cloud,Ned Kahn, Pittsburgh, PA. 2004 By the use of acrylic panels, creates a dynamic surface that response air movement in a beautiful and unpredictable way.
CHANGE DYNAMIC
De Young Museum, Herzog & de Meuron Switzerland, 2005 The museum’s unique copper façade is perforated to simulated dappled light filtering through a canopy of trees, creating an abstract pattern that harmonize the natural landscape.
LIGHT EFFECT HARMONIZE NATURE CUT RESEARCH PROJECT 2.5.2
DEVELOP
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DEVELOP CASE STUDY RESEARCH Restaurant Aoba-Tei, Hitoshi Abe, Sendai, 2005 Adopt idea from the vegetation, use the imagery of Sendai’s characteristic landscape, the steel panels are perforated with a holepattern based on a photograph of a Zelkova tree canopy. ORGANIC SURFACE
Andre de Gouveia Residence, Vincent Parreira, Paris, 2007 Arrangement of perforation pattern produce calcada pattern, the application of translucent figure generate both familiar figure and light effect invoking materiality quality of Portuguese palce and residence. NATURE PATTERN HISTORICAL McCormick Tribune Campus Center, OMA The use of 2 dimentional surface to create a 3 dimentional effect through the play with depth and thickness of the modulars, thus create mysterious light effect. EMOTIONAL MOVEMENT 2.5.3
Carabanchel Social Housing,FOA United Kingdom, 2007 The repetitive of bamboo screen provide the building with continious and unique material expression, as well as variable opacity and transparency ratio. Thus create a homogenous relationship of the comunity.
MATERIALITY CONTINUOUS
Gantenbein Vineyard Facade, Gramazio & Kohler, Switzerland, 2006 Placement of brickwork in pre-programmed matter, bricks were placed to permit indirect light into the interior. The materiality of bricks will vary as one approach the building froma distance.
CHANGE MATERIALITY Performative architecture refer to projects that can respond to the environmental change and gives opportunity for interactive human experience, designs that is aware of existing approaches and the potentials for the future outcome. In regards with “air�, some more advanced techniques has been applied in comtemporary practice, and parametric modelling can be extend into the simulation of environments with generative and evaluative capabilities able to stage more types of opportunities. 2.5.4
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WHY I CHOOSE THIS PROJECT? This is the case study chosen for further research. Compare to the other project, this design is innovative because it combines the structural solution and the aesthetic value together to from a continuous and seamless space. The design of space is conceptualized on the axis normal to the ground plane. The structure runs between the ceiling and the ground. To that end, a striated wood-slatted system is developed that conceals the appearance of the mechanical, plumbing, and lighting systems, creating a seamless landscape. To underline this strategy, certain areas of the ceiling “drip and slump�, acknowledging the location where to place exit signs, lighting features, and other details. The building material is performativity since it gives aesthetic taste as well as structural value, more importantly; the material is used to inform the perception of space and experience by the curvilinear shape. AWARD The BANQ restaurant was awarded by the Wallpaper magazine as the best new restaurant.
PROJECT CREDITS BANQ restaurant/ 1375 Washington Street, Boston, MA/ 2006-2008 Architect / Office dA, Inc. 2.5.5
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
HOW CAN THE CASE STUDY BE INTERPRETAED IN THE DESIGN OF GATEWAY PROJECT? As one moves within the restaurant, the seamless, continuous relationship of the project will inform people a sense of movement. The materiality of the wood finish is enriched through direct and indirect light effect as one moves
2.5.6
through the space, which creates homogenous relationship between the space below the structure and the building itself. The idea of combining structure with ornamentation, creating seamless relationship between the atmospheres is a directive approach in the later exploration and development.
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DESIGN PROGRESSION
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FINAL MODEL For the final model, we explored several different methods, all of them were interoperated in our final one. We use the waffle system to build our ribs, the layered style to build the overall shape, and then use the interlocking method to connect the layered shape and the ribs together.
REFLECTION
The first step is analysis of problem, since it is a case-based design, after analyzing the case study project; we take on the approach of overlaying effect. During the solution synthesis process, we came up with four different solutions and evaluate them individually using both the “depth first” and “best first” search method.(Kalay, 2004) Since we are not satisfied with the resulted, we choose the layered method for further development-by adding waffle grid underneath the layers and placement of interlocking gaps. 2.6.1
WAFFLE The waffle system aims to explore the structural potential of models. It subdivide the original surface into grid of points and then use them as control points to build basic curves. by offsetting the curve and planar lines, we get the waffle geometry. However, the strip size is limited, and it is therefore had to construct the model. However, we derive the structural solution from the experiment.
ROTATION The rotation method uses the rotate component to rotate the original model to a certain degree. Although it’s interesting to explore the intersection of planers, it’s not possible to make the actual model. INTERLOCK The interlocking method is a further exploration of waffle system. In this case, the grid is rotated at a specific angle. However, similar to the waffle system, model will be distracted by the endless ribs underneath.
LAYERED We intend to solve the structural problem by placing another layer of material beneath the original pattern. But when try to imagine the experience while passing through this, we give up the method since most part of the model can not be observed by audience.
2.6.2
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DEVELOP
INPUT: [SURFACE] REBUILD SURFACE IN RHINO WITH REFERENCE TO THE DATA FLOW [CONTOUR] CREATE A SET OF MESH CONTOUR FROM THE SURFACE [GRAFT] GRAFT TREE BY ADDING AN EXTRA BRANCH FOR EVERY DATA ITEM FOR FUTURE USE [CP] CONTROL POINT THAT EXTRACTED FROM THE CONTOUR LINES
ASSOCIATE TECHNIQUES: [PCOMP] DECOMPOSE THE CONTROL POINT INTO ACCORDING TO THE X,Y,Z COORDINATES [MATH FUNCTION] COLLECT THE Z COORINATE DATA FROM THE POINTS, USE MATH FUNCTION TO REGENERATE A DATA [MOVE] MOVE THE ORIGINAL CONTROL POINTS ACCORDING TO THE MATH DATA CREATED [CRV] CREATE ANOTHER NURBS CURVE FROM CONTROL POINTS
OUTPUT: [END] FIND END POINTS OF THE CONTOUR LINES [LINE] CONNECT THE POINTS TOGETHER [JOIN] JOIN THE END CURVES AND THE INTERSECTING NERB CURVES [PLANAR] CREATE A PLANAR SURFACE WITH THE JOINED CURVES
2.6.3
ASSEMBLY METHOD
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DEVELOP 2.6.4
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2.6.5
This series of photo demonstrates how the model behaves under the different lighting effects. The objective of the lightening exploration is to see how the model behaves under the different lighting environments; this is an exploration of the project’s behaviour in the actual environment. We also attempt to explore the light of vehicles projected on the model when they pass through. Through it can create various environment, we found that we need to do more exploration on the lightening effect to explore translucent and opacity, as well as the consideration of air. The photo on the top left is an exploration of how the light of a car would have an effect on the behaviour of the model. As the car pass by the model, one can see the dynamic change in the shadow the model cast on the background. This would inform the driver the passing by of time and space. The model on the bottom left side of the panel aims to explore the effect with a car passing through the bottom. The shadow projected on the model by the head light is dynamic, it can reinterpret people’s perception of space and time by creating a space that is constantly changing. The last photo on the right is an exploration of how the model would look like with the light project ahead of it. The concave and convex of the layering highlight the fluidity shape of the model.
2.6.6
LIGHT EFFECT
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DEVELOP The photo is produced by lighting the model in different directions. Here we try to explore the effect when two cars intersect each other. As the light moves closer, the shadow of the model is constantly changing, creating layered effect as if the model is moving. Therefore, the concept of flow is achieved in the design: a project that is constantly changing with some response to the user.
LIGHT EFFECT
FURTHER
DEVELOPMENT We also did an experimental model with the purpose of further researching the potential of lighting effect and dynamic change. The photo is produced by lighting the model in different directions. Here we try to explore the effect when two cars intersect each other. As the light moves closer, the shadow of the model is constantly changing, creating layered effect as if the model is moving. Therefore, the concept of flow is achieved in the design: a project that is constantly changing with some response to the user. The sporadic dotted light has the purpose of symbolizing the sparkling CBD, with some small and precious excitement ready for you to explore. The atmosphere can be mysterical and welcoming and the visual effect is joyful and not disturbance .
2.7.1
“Authentic architectural experiences derive from real or ideated bodily confrontations rather than visually observed entities.�
--Juhani Pallasmaa
2.7.2
FURTHER
DEVELOPMENT
“Ornament is the figure that emerges from the material substrate, the expression of embedded forces through processes of construction, assembly and growth. It is through ornament that material transmits affects.�
-Moussavi, Farshid,
2.7.3
This photo shows the dynamic change of the model and the effect a driver would experience on a car. It is produced by applying the light on the model and then quickly moves the camera. This is the effect the drivers would feel when passing the project on a high speed. The hazy, moirĂŠ effect of the skin will give an architectural apperception through the luminous effect of the carefully designed skin. Therefore, the Wyndham Gateway project will be a project that expresses its structural with seamless connection with the landscape that invokes the natural setting of the area; with a skin of luminous lightening effect that taken the indigenous culture and historical values of the Werribee area.
2.7.4
1.3 EXPRESSION OF INTEREST CONCLUSION The installation of the Gateway Project will bring both aesthetic and social consciousness to the Wyndham City. The rich nature features that exist within the area gives inspiration to the development of the Gateway Project. The corporate design method brings in multidiscipline into the value of the project, the multilayered effect of a design will create mysterious yet pleasing environment effect, which also brings new perception of space and time to the users, as stated in Architecture as a Discourse; the morphogenesis method can advance the architecture discourse with a concern of energy conservation and material saving, as discussed in Computing in architecture; the challenge of uncertainty outcomes and future design challenges can be overcome by the use of parametric design method for its various
potentials, as noted in Scripting Culture. The Gateway project will not only be a monumental representation of the city itself, but also an opportunity for the visitors to engage with the hieratical and natural features of the Werribee area by engaging the interactive human nature with the designed project using performance driven design method. The visitors would be able to see the dynamic change of the project, with a design philosophy of reminding people of the space and time change as well as a sign of regional difference. The material of the project made from wood has the intention of environment conservation. The industrial society makes building built from factory produced objects widely spread over the world. Yet the innovative use of traditional
construction material of timber can advance the architectural practice. The material of wood can be enhanced through direct and indirect lighting effect as the car moves through the space, which creates homogenous relationship between the space below the structure and the building itself. The concept of combining structure with decoration that creates seamless relationship between the atmospheres will invoke people of the natural setting of the area, posing a welcoming gesture to the visitors with a sign of regional change. The use of parametric design will be a merit to the Gateway Project as there will be far more potential outcomes for
investigation. As people can test the outcome simulating the real life conditions, there will be a great opportunity of time conservation and material saving because a lot of failure can be eliminated. It can save time and energy consumed during the documentation process across different platforms and provides more opportunity for multi-discipline communication. It can stem a deeper meaning from a simple structural into a complex and meaningful exterior, and thus advancing the discourse of current architecture practice.
1.4 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES: INTERM The search project involves me to think about the philosophy of architecture in a much deeper sense. Prior to the learning, my perspective towards architecture is it is pure a visual art project that sits within an urban landscape and monumentalize its existence. Later, as the learning progress, I realized that it is important to think about architecture as a way of communication. The concept of which can be drawn back from a number of different scales, with more engagement of multidiscipline. Computers are very handful design tool that helps generate design outcomes; this is a part I am aware of because the previous design subjects need to use software to design. However, the reliance on the digital software can be so distracting that my thinking of the design process has been eliminated; the limitation of a design is so strict that some interesting explorations cannot be found. With the introduction of grasshopper, I realized that modeling can be logic and performative. Changing parameters will result in a number of different forms; this is something I have never experienced before. Another objective of the course is the familiarity with parametric design and the progress critical thinking. Prior to the subject, I have no background knowledge of parametric design. During a progressive attempt of learning and trying, I gradually found the merit and defect of parametric design and become familiar with it. Unlike traditional design method
during which people would analyses the problem and then generate idea that tries to meet the design criteria; the search for the best design solution involves a lot of opportunities. But this would mean that I need to critical analyze it and finds the best solution. For example, the swarm effect of the first test has an interesting outcome. But we did not choose to make it because it does not seem to have an applicable construction solution, in other word, it can’t be built. By trying to combine the various input, associative technique and output together, we can find a number of outcomes; by changing the parameters, we can get a progressive result of geometry formulation. For example, we tried different design solutions for the project, like the waffle, layered, intersection, and rotation; and then I try combining them into one design, which is the final one. In conclusion, the learning outcome for the midterm is satisfactory and pleasing, yet there’s still space for development. There has been great progress in the learning of the grasshopper software, a deeper understanding of architecture as a discourse, a further exploration with parametric design approach and some photography techniques. But there’s still space for development: need some more practice with the grasshopper techniques, more exploration with the photography techniques, and the layout method. These should be focused in the later progress.
SWAM
LAYERED
FINAL(WITH OTHER GROUP MATE)
SURFACE DIVIDE WITH PATTERN
CONTENT PART 2 PROJECT PROPOSAL
2.1 PROJECT INTERPRETATION 2.2 PROJECT DELIVERY 2.3 PROJECT PRESENTATION 2.4 PROJECT PROPOSAL CONCLUSION
PART 2 PROJECT PROPOSAL
This part will introduce the main design brief as well as our group interpretation of the design brief. Followed by the outcome of the final project and the construction process possible in the real world. Lastly, I will discuss some possible outcomes of the final project under different weathering conditions.
PART 2 PROJECT PROPOSAL
2.1 PROJECT INTERPRETATION Site Plan Not to scale
WHY CHOOSE THAT SITE? The initial site condition has been informed to be located on three part, namely Site A, Site B and Site C. While Site B and Site A are both in the middle of the two highway path, we decided to choose site A as the desired place for the gateway because the roads besides it is more important and frequently used, as Princess Highway is the linkage between Werribe and Melbourne, more people will be using it. We decided only to use part of the site A, because spanning over the site will be too costly and unnecessary. The gateway project will be located in a place where passengers can view and appreciate it while passing by. WHAT IS THE SITE CONDITION? The site is relatively flat from the topography map. There’s very little vegetation on the surface of the site, but there’re a few trees at the other side of road. Therefore, it’s a very plain site with little change in topography and site conditions, driving pass by the place will be a boring experience. The average speed of a car driving on the highway would be around 100km/h, and it would be only a few seconds when people pass over the site. Then there comes the question: how can we make the users experience different quality while they were driving by. The large area in Site A will allow for heavy equipment like crane to be used. Flat topography, Little vegetation
Speed: 100km/h
HOW CAN WE MAKE THE EXPERIENCE DIFFERENT? Since the speed of vehicles will be very fast, a project that is only few meters long would not be enough to provide the first indication of arrival into metropolitan Melbourne., we decided to span the gateway project over 150 meter. And we decided to place it in the middle part of the two roads so that people going from both side will be able to view it. WHO ARE THE USERS? There will be no pedestrian walking over the site; the only users will be cars and trucks. The dimension of trucks and cars would be 3 M and 1.5 M; therefore the height of the gateway would better be less than 10 M.
1.5M
3M
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CONCEPT
FLOW+FLUIDITY
In response to the Western Gateway project brief, the design aims to create a sense of fluidity over the site. Our proposed gateway project will give a sense of excitement and visually interesting spatial urban experience as the current site condition consists of mainly straight roads and flat areas making it very monotonous for the traveller’s therefore this gateway can spice up their journey. There are enormous flow types in the natural world which are in the form of fluidity, similarly our site experiences air, field, water flows in or around it. The basic idea behind creating the model was to show the dynamics of flow and connect it to the heavy flow of traffic and passer-by’s to and fro the Whyndham city. Digital tools that have allowed us to build a gateway for the Western Gateway Design project with organic forms, instead of merely repeating order that characterizes the industrial architecture of the twentieth century .The concept of fluidity for the gateway project created extends from one end to another , with intersections in between making the design more dynamic and flowing similarly to the fludity in the flow in nature.
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not a rigid object, instead, it is a piece of art which is flowing and continuous making it dynamic and interactive. As we all know Wyndham is the fastest growing municipality in Victoria. It represents the growth of the whyndham city and how it is changing its image by improving and upgrading the whydham coucil as a whole Moving towards a better future and better living making it a seamless, continuous motive for the whyndham council.
Process of Design
The Diagram shows briefly how the project is come into shape. As we were trying to interpret the concept of flow, we were trying to imagine how the overall shape would be look like. Since the car was driving by the project, the model would be much better if we make it stand on site instead of making cars pass through. Therefore, we redesign the model, (refer to part 3 for detail) draw two curves intersecting each other. And then extrude them into the desired height. Later, using parametric to determine the height of the extruded shape, with the edge it connected to the ground to create a smooth connection.
PLAN ELEVATION 12M
7M
25M
16M
28M
26M
14M
9M
14M
6M
PART 2 PROJECT PROPOSAL
2.2 PROJECT DELIVERY CONSTRUCTION PROCESS The drawing shows how the project can be constructed under real world. First, we need to extravagate the site where steel column should be placed. Then, place 600*600*400MM concrete pad to perform as the footing. Later, use crane to place steel columns onto the pads, the fixing part is special designed connection rod that can be made off-site. After the column procedure, place metal sheet and fix them onto the steel. Refer to detail in the detail drawing.
Connection Rod
Metal Sheet
Steel column
Foundation
Metal Sheet 600MM in width, 8MM in thickness Connection Rod for assemble with a spaceing of 200MM
Foundation 600*600*400MM Pad Footing make out of concrete with screw connection cast in place
Steel column 150MM in diameter and 8MM in thickness
Connection Rod for assemble.
MATERIALITY EXPLORATION For the final project, we explored different material possibilities. First we did a 1:50 model using the 3MM clear board, using the nuts to connect the different parts. Then in the real world, we imagine it to be constructed of solid material such as fibre glass. Later we explored another material solution, using polythene sheet pained with silver cover to simulate the real world material of metal sheet. As we progressively manufactured the model, we found that the metal sheet will have sagging effect, making the model more dynamic and fluid than flat sheet. Therefore, we return to the digital model to try to imagine how to make the model sagging. In order to make it, we decided to add iron wire spaced with pearl. By adding intersection in the digital model, we know where the places should be connected by wire. After exporting to the fabrication, we gradually make it by hand. Similar principle applied to the real world construction, by marking on the metal sheet where to put a steel column, we can control the sagging value and the outcome.
PART 2 PROJECT PROPOSAL
2.3 PROJECT PRESENTATION
DYNAMIC MOTION BLURRING FLUIDITY
The photo on the left was taken to see what the gateway project looks like when visitors were travelling at a high speed. And the resulted effect can be simulated in a way by moving the camera at a high speed at the same height of a car. There one can see the blurring effect of the metal sheet. The intersecting metal sheets can produce interesting effect as the two layers were overlapping, when people moves pass by the gateway, they can feel the dynamic motion in the project, and thus, it will create a sense of excitement and fluidity. The one below was taken by placing a light on the other side of camera. By doing so, we create a visual effect simulating the light of car on the different direction would have an effect on the people on this side. As the light is traveling at a high speed, there’s a visual effect of blurring.
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RAIN The photos on the left aim at indicating the project’s behaving during rain. The light is located on the north part of the model, a simulation of the daytime lighting. The photo only show part of the model, as in real world, the highest point is 7meters, the spacing between different plates is 200mm, and people in a car may only see part of the project. The photos show how different raining condition would have on the project, from top to bottom; the rain is getting bigger and bigger. The photo on the right is also an experiment with water. The light is projected on the other side of the model to show the night-time effect, and the model has blurring effect close to the camera, which is the real effect when traveling on a high speed: when you look in a distance, you can see the clear picture; but as you move closer, the speed became higher and you can see some dynamic effect. The project can be seamlessly connected to the surrounding area, and the weather is also posing a gesture that the project can be a welcoming and interesting gesture to welcome people into the Wyndham City
RAIN BLURRING DYNAMIC
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DRIP REFLECTION LIGHT
MORE WEATHER-MIST, ICE The photo below is an experiment with smoke, in other word, an experiment with mist weathering. Here the mist involves around the model, layers by layers, creates a mysterious yet beautiful environment. The morning sun shines around the model, forming a welcoming circumstance. The fluid shape of the metal sheets is a response to the changing shape of the mist, which once again, gives people a sense of fluidity about the site, about the nature and about the traffic flow.
ICE The photo on the left is an experiment with ice. Here we place ice over the layers, trying to simulate the setting that the rain drops ice up on the model. This is very close to the one with the rain drop experiment. With the ice melting, we can gradually see the sagging of the model become less obvious, the model piece can gradually return to its original shape; the reflective nature of the rain drops will create a nice and pleasing environment. This shows how the model will behave with some additional pressure over it, and here the structure nature of metal sheet can be clearly seen, it’s good in tension, so within a certain span, some certain load will not create cracking or breakage of the model piece.
CH
E MIST NATURE FLUIDITY
HANGING
PART 2 PROJECT PROPOSAL
2.4 Project Proposal Conclusion WHY CHOOSEE OUR PROJECT?
Our project will become a good design for the gateway project because it not only refers to a change of region, but also a response to the nature and the culture, as well as a consideration of the actual construction management and the actual experience of visitors. The gateway project can become a landmark of indicating the change in region. To incorporate an ‘eye catching’ installation which is a requirement in the brief, we Deconstructed the ordinary elements and geometries like circular, triangular, square which are used widely with Curvilinear geometry, seamlessness and smooth transitions to create the fluid shape, integrating the diverse forms which connect Whyndham council to the Melbourne cityscape. The fluidity shape of the gateway project is a response to the flow of nature, for example, air, water and the landscape. Our
argument is that the fluid shape will bring excitement and joy to the drive way experience since the site consist only flat area and straight road, with very little vegetation around it. Since Wyndham city is known for its sculptural and public art, our proposed gateway will become another turning point for the city’s achievement in art. Instead of the traditional method of using patterns and ornamentations as decorations, our project aim to make use of the site and the travelling method, which is the speed as a decoration. As the project will have different behaviour under different speed: when travelling at lower speed, you can see some ripple effect created by the layering sheets; while at higher speed, there’s blurring effect. It is also a more contemporary version of art because of the use of digital tools and computational design in the project, which indicates the Wyndham community being technically advanced.
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WHY CHOOSE OUR PROJECT CONTINUE? The construction process takes the real world process in to account, and try to make it as easy and economical as possible. The nuts and plates connection is quick; the disassembled pieces can be delivered to site on trucks; the material of metal sheet is economical. Visitors would be able to observe the changing dynamic of the project while passing by. The length of the model makes it visible even travelling on a high speed; the intersection plates would perform a dynamic effect when seeing from the car; this project would respond to the changing conditions with the weather and gives different interpretation;
moreover, cars from opposite direction can give interesting lighting effect to the model. In conclusion, our gateway project would be a good interpretation to the brief, which is “exciting, eye catching installation” that “enhance the physical environment”, it can not only provide a statement of arrival to the people, but also be a response to the nature shape that is fluid and dynamic; the art sculpture that is technological advanced and aesthetical beautiful. The project would respond to the changing nature of weathering and lighting from cars on site and provide different views, which would enrich architecture as a discourse.
CONTENT
PART 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES: FINAL
3.1 PERSONAL BACKGROUND AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES 3.2 LEARNING PROGRESS 3.3 LEARNING OUTCOMES 3.4 FUTURE WORK
PART 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES: FINAL
This part will discuss my personal learning progress during the course. The second section will discuss the journey to the final outcome. With some critical analysis of the advantage and disadvantage of different versions.
PART 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES: FINAL
3.1 PERSONAL BACKGROUND AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES Before the studio, I have some familiarity with digital design software like Auto CAD, Revit Architecture, Sketch up, Photoshop, and some little exploration with InDesign, but no background knowledge of parametric design or design software such as grasshopper. My initial interpretation with parametric design is that it can produce some crazy shapes, something that cannot be manually imagined using traditional method. Examples like the architect Zaha Hadid, all of her project has this fluid shape that integrate into the landscape. Most of the designs have this effect of changing people’s perception of space, creating a space that continues and seamlessly connect to different areas. The Learning Objective asks for learning the software and researching for precedents using parametric design, instead of looking at the shapes or performance, we need to link the design to a deeper philosophy, making connection to the social, cultural and even historical background.
In other words, think critically of the design method, arguing about the merit and short come of such design method. It gives an opportunity to think critically on the design concept and the design philosophy of contemporary architecture practice. A chance to closely rethink the role of digitization in design with the introduction of scripting culture; a platform to actually learn the design software such as grasshopper, InDesign, Illustrator, and so on. For the final project, we are asked to design a gateway project using the research background and the grasshopper software. It is a final test for the learning outcomes; here we need to learn to analyse critically, argue precisely and reflect thoroughly. In order to physically construct the model, we need to think about the actual scale and the site conditions, as well as the construction process and detailed connection. The concern with materiality performance is also a big picture in the subject, both in the model and in real world.
PART 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES: FINAL
3.2 LEARNING PROGRESS The design starts from the initial exploration of the case study. The concept if the project is the river flow, as we process our design, we realized that this concept of river is very limited in scale. Therefore, we decided to extend the initial concept into the flow. The nature flow, dynamic flow of air, water, landscape and so on. We also try to explore the flow of human settlement over time in history as the design intention. The modelling technique was further explored in the later process. For the first design, we make structural ribs to support the layers. But when considering the real life construction, a rib would be too restrict and unnecessary. Therefore, in the later exploration, we decided to use lightweight materials for building and construction.
EXPLORATION Here is the exploration several different options. The first uses the initial shape from the previous design and form an intersecting structural pavilion. Our intention is to make this a structural base and then add an additional layer over it. The secondary exploration is a series of plate rotating at a certain angle that follows the fluid pattern. The last exploration is a further development of my first option, here by rotating the plate at a certain angle; the form can be not purely structural but have a certain degree of aesthetic values as well. As we further explore the combination of option one and option two, we realized that it is a great challenge to fix the rotation plates over the structural form because the angle of rotation is multi-dimension, forming a structural that respond to the requirement will be too time-consuming to do. Another concern is the site location and travelling experience. As people pass through the site on a car, a shape that locates over the head cannot be fully perceived by all the people, and building a structural across the entire roads would be too waste of material as one only see part of the project. Therefore, we decided to rotate the model ninety degrees, which is the case of our final outcome.
PART 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES: FINAL
3.3 LEARNING OUTCOMES During the learning process, I learnt to think critically on the design concept and the design philosophy behind contemporary architecture practice. The search project makes me to think about the philosophy of architecture in a much deeper sense. Prior to the learning, my perspective towards architecture is it is pure a visual art project that sits within an urban landscape and monumentalize its existence. Later, I realized that it is better to think about architecture as a way of communication. The concept of which can be drawn back from a number of different scales, with more engagement of multidiscipline on a global scale; in which case, our concept was drawn from a much larger scale of nature instead of the simple river flow. My initial interpretation with parametric design is that it can produce some crazy shapes, something that cannot be manually imagined using traditional method. With the introduction of grasshopper, I realized that modelling can be logic and performative. Changing parameters will result in a number of different forms, which need to be analysed for the merits and weakness critically. For example, the three versions we produced for the final project was searched using depth first method. (Kalay, 2004) After comparing the possible outcome and the design intension, we decided to make another version in the project.
LEARNING OUTCOMES The precedents of the chosen examples and the case studies provide a strong base for my interpretation of the project. It broadens my horizon as I never know the deeper meaning of the design even I thought I was familiar with. For example, the Water Cube, the concept of which came from the nature, but instead of simply taking the external look from the nature, designer aim to resolve the social conflicts such as energy conservation as structure in nature is a result of optimization. The modelling technique was further explored in the later process. For the first design, we make structural ribs to support the layers. But when considering the real life construction, a rib would be too restrict and unnecessary. Therefore, in the later exploration, we decided to use lightweight materials for building and construction. There’s a big progress in the photography techniques as well. After some experiments with the model under weathering effect, we get pictures that best describe our intension, this is a great achievement compared to our previous work. We shot the pictures with a purpose of simulating the real condition, like the rain, smoke or the dynamic effect, telling people how the project would be look like in different weather, which shows the performative advantage of this project. The misunderstandings brought by group work can sometimes lead to overworking, which can be resolved by more communication. However, the benefit is also quite interesting. By improving the strengths and abilities of each member, teams work can be interesting and fun. In general, this course deepens my understanding of architecture as a discourse; inform me of general parametric design tools, advanced my digital design skills as well as presentation skills such as layout and photography.
PART 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES: FINAL
3.4 FUTURE WORK
Although I’m not familiar with Grasshopper, I found it really interesting to use it as a design tool. There has been extensive demand for such new method of design in the current practice, as I was researching the precedents, I found some really interesting examples, by reading through the definition and trying to reinterpret them into my own definition, I can get some interesting effects. But what I want to achieve was that I can design a project of my own using my own language and understanding, which means that I need more practice with the software. To sum up, this subject is an interesting subject with a lot of possibilities and outcomes, although it is quite challenging for us, I still benefit a lot from the learning process and find some further exploration directions in my future studies.
REFERENCE:
1. Burry, Mark (2011). Scripting Cultures: Architectural Design and Programming (Chichester: Wiley), pp. 8 - 71 Jan Teunen, “To Be is to Transform“ in 3 deluxe, transdisciplinary Approaches to Design.Frame Publishers, Amsterdam, 2008 2. Kat Park, Nicholas Holt, Owings & Merrill, Parametric Design Process of a Complex Building In Practice Using Programmed Code As Master Model in International Journal of Architectural Computing, Multi Science Publishing, Volume 8, 2010 3. Kolarevic, Branko, Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing (New York; London: Spon Press, 2003), pp. 3 - 62 4. Matthew Stewart, “Multilayered Atmospheres“ in 3 deluxe, transdisciplinary Approaches to Design. Frame Publishers, Amsterdam, 2008 5. Moussavi, Farshid and Michael Kubo, eds . The Function of Ornament (Barcelona: Actar), pp. 5-14. 2006 6. Neil Leach, Digital Morphogenesis,in Architectural Design Special Issue: Theoretical Meltdown Volume 79, Issue 1, pages 32–37, 2009 7. Teunen, Jan, “To Be is to Transform“ in 3 deluxe, transdisciplinary Approaches to Design.Frame Publishers, Amsterdam, 2008 8. Yehuda E. Kalay, Architecture’s New Media : Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 5 - 25 9. X. W. Zou & Rob Leslie-Carter Lessons Learned from Managing the Design of the ‘Water Cube’ National Swimming Centre for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Rihan X, Dream Architecture, today’s designs for tomorrow. p. 136. published 2010, Stuttgart, London. 10. Cheongna City Tower, Inchen, Korea viewed March, 2012, available at http://www.competitions.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=arti cle&id=273%3Acheongna-city-tower-competition&Itemid=63