M. Arch Year 5

Marche Masalia Dalila Khairi U1234389 Year 5

Location Plan

Project 1 : Wyke Estate Site Introduction Wyke Estate is located in East London under the district of Homerton in Hackney Borough and Chatham Ward.

In 1950s, Baycliffe House and Risley House along Digby Road were amongst the early flats built part of the estate. Later, in Berger Road, Latimer house and Gilby House were built in 1982, which are also part of the estate.

Wyke Estate

Latimer and Gilby House are the highest blocks in the estate which has seven storeys each. There is a primary school located just next to the estate named Berger Primary School. Historically, the name Berger was from a paint factory in the estate but it was closed in 1960.

The estate is quite convenient for a housing area as it has a lot of shops, main roads and a train station around it.

Wyke Section 1:500

Movement Plan 1:500

Final Model of Wyke Estate 1:500

Key Map

Location Map

Map of Marseille 1:10000

Pedestrians on Le Canebiere reflect the rich diversity of people who live in the city.

Marseille, France Today while the rest of Europe frets over immigration and its impacts, Marseille, France’s largest city, has built a peculiar cohesiveness out of diversity and difference.

A rich tapestry of people pass the Le Reforme Church in Marseille.

Demographics of Marseille

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The population of nearly one million is the most ethnically diverse in France. A third claim roots in Italy; there are 80,000 Jews making it the third largest Jewish community in Europe; there are 200,000 Africans of which most are Muslim; it has the second largest Armenian population in France; and there are nearly 70,000 Comorians (as many as in the capital of the island nation near Madagascar).

This mĂŠlange of identities has created a distinct sense of belonging and pride though it has not been without its challenges. Still it remains strangely immune to ethnic violence. Once famous as a Mafia hang out and a highway for heroin, it is on the verge of becoming a hip destination with its broad beaches, world music and international cuisine. Perhaps even a lesson in tolerance for the rest of Europe, Marseille is surely a glimpse into the future.

Comorians gather for Friday prayers in Marseille, France.

Issues 2010 - Estimated population: 850,700 Population growth in Marseille has been stagnant except for sizable growth in 2006 through 2008

Locals 5.3%

Maghrebian 8.3% Comoros

17% of the housings are :

Others Non-Muslims

82.4%%

Muslims

- dilapidated - without proper bath & shower or even toilets - houses with 4 bedrooms are rare

40 %

2006 Ethnicity Demographics 60 %

Income and prices of housing do not rise simultaneously

Unemployment rate 29% 2014 Religion Demographics

Historical Timeline of Site

2007 Rue de Ruffi - a road in between the site

2008 The site for the hospital was all cleared out

2013 Rue de Ruffi has been blocked off for the hospital

The site for the hospital was occupied

Legend Site Access Désirée Clary Metro Station

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a. Flea Market It consists of several big sheds which house variously a covered brocante, or bric-à-brac market with about 40 dealers (Tues-Sun, 8.30am-7.30pm) and a predominantly Arab fruit, vegetable and produce market that’s a much larger version of the one at Noailles.

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b. Market of the Sun (Le Marché du Soleil) For deep immersion in African Marseille, the Marché du Soleil, beyond Saint Charles station by the Porte d’Aix, is the place to go.

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Unlike Noailles, this is mainly a market for clothing and household goods rather than for food: watch out for huge, baroque brass teapots. c. Fish Market

d. Christmas Market d. e. The Market at Noailles The market at Noailles, MarseilleDuck down them and you’re instantly confronted by a sensory overload of multi-coloured African fabrics, mangos, loose spices, prayer mats with a compass set in them for locating Mecca, cheap sets of boules and couscousières, bootleg cigarettes and much more. f. The Cours Julien The market usually has something going on. A farmers’ market is held every Wednesday (8am-1pm), stamps are sold on Sundays (8am-1pm) and there is a second-hand book fair on the second Saturday of every month.

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Map of Marseille 1:10000

Legend 6.

Markets Public Squares Site

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A mixed crowd of people socialize at a small cafe.

The family of Imam Maoulana Charif, of the Comorian community, sits together in their home the day after Eid al Fitr in Cite D’aou.

Markets an excerpt from the book Food Culture in France by Julia Abarmson

The daily, weekly, or weekend outdoor marches (markets) in cities and towns can be traced through medieval trade and monastic fairs and to the marketplaces established in Gaul by the Romans.

During the late nineteenth century, the novelist Emile Zola “scientifically” described the sprawling Parisian market located for centuries at Les Halles.

In Le Ventre de Paris (The Belly of Paris, 1873), the market is the rapacious gullet and grumbling gut of the city, swallowing up the lives of the individuals whose work there keeps the rest of the capital alive.

Zola documents in fascinating detail the nocturnal march that country dwellers made to arrive in the city by early morning; driving cattle before them or carrying heavy baskets of provisions to sell; rivalries among merchants who compete for customers; the fresh perfume from the flower stands; the rank stench that pervaded the fish and the meat sections by the day’s end in summer – the first modern refrigeration technology will still in its infancy and it was not yet widely available.

In the 1960s, the market relocated to Rungis, south of Paris, to expand while easing urban traffic congestion. Today, Rungis is a wholesale market open to professionals and retailers such as restaurant chefs and grocers. An ultra-modern supply chain provisions the market. Truckloads of domestic produce arrive every morning, and imports are flown daily from Israel, Turkey, Benin, Morocco, China and other locations.

The heart and soul of food shopping dwell in the smaller retail markets. Ironically, in some instances, the produce, meats, and cheeses for sale at outdoor markets are identical to those in supermarkets. Yet the notion that markets offer the best local items directly from a farmer or producer is not always wrong.

At a good market, a special rich odor hangs in the air. Fruits are peak of ripeness. Cheeses have been fully aged under proper conditions of temperature and humidity. La cuisine du marche (market cooking) implies taking inspiration from seasonal ingredients. French cooking in general and la cuisine du marche in particular seek to bring out or improve the inherent features of good ingredients.

Beyond access to fresh foods, outdoor marketing offers possibilities for socializing and a picturesque experience. The stroll through the outdoor market is an end in itself, and the market is a place to see and be seen. As much as the opportunity to buy edibles and ingredients, it is these elements of market culture that draw crowds.

Nabila Boudjellal, 31 years old, of Algerian descent, celebrates her upcoming wedding with her fellow Muslim friends by wearing festive costumes on the street near the Old Port.

Marseille’s traditional dish Bouillabaisse Bouillabaisse is a traditional fish stew originating from the port city of Marseille. It was originally a stew made

by Marseille fishermen using the bony rockfish which they were unable to sell restaurants or markets. There are at least three kinds of fish in a traditional bouillabaisse. It also includes shellfish and other seafood such as sea urchins, crabs, mussels or octopus.

North African & Marghreb Cuisine

Tunisian Brik with an egg, tuna, onion and parsley

Italian Cuisine

MĂŠchoui is a North African dish that consists of a whole sheep or lamb spit-roasted on a barbecue

National Dish of Comoros

Tunisian Egg shakshouka

Moroccan couscous with vegetables and raisins

Pasta, pizza

Jingyalov Khats

Chechil cheese and baturma

Armenian Cuisine

Mishkaki

Langouste a la Vanille

Vietnamese Cuisine

Chinese Cuisine

Pho, salad rolls, morning glory in soy sauce, etc.

Dim Sum

Pepper stuffed with meat and rice

French Cuisine

Moon Cake

Typical French Patisserie

Crepe

Potential Element

2.

Public square in the middle of the city

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A public square opposite Hotel Dieu “In the old ‘Panier’ district, built in 1753, the old ‘Hotel Dieu’, which used to be a hospital, was turned into a brand new five-star hotel run by the Intercontinental group and its addition brings a new beauty to the Vieux Port at night.”

Vieux Port Pavillion by Foster + Partners Supported by eight slender columns, the stainless-steel structure stretches over the paving to create sheltered events space in the city’s Old Port. The roof features sharply tapered edges, creating the impression of a paper-like thickness.

The vieux Port pavillion forms part of a masterplan of public realm projects that Foster + Partners has been working on a long the seafront of the French city to tie in with its role as European Capital of Culture 2013. Other improvements includes new surfaces, wider pavements and a series of nautical pavilions.

The aim has been to make the Vieux Port accessible to and the project is an invitation to the people of

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Marseille to enjoy and use this grand space for events, markets, and celebrations once again.

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Fort Saint-Jean

Marché Masalia The idea behind this housing project started with a simple question: How can we design a building that fits the surrounding neighborhood, integrated with the urbanity, and for a very powerful reason to celebrate the cultural differences of Marseille?

Marseille is generally known for its historical importance as a trade center in the region and functioned as the main trade port of the French Empire. Marseille is also France’s largest city on the Mediterranean coast and largest commercial port. Because of its pre-eminence as a Mediterranean port, Marseille has always been one of the main gateways into France. This has attracted many immigrants and made Marseille a cosmopolitan melting pot.

Economic conditions and political unrest in Europe and the rest of the world brought several other waves of immigrants during the 20th century. It is recorded that people came from all over the world and in the first half of the 20th century, up to 40% of the city’s population was of Italian origin. There are communities ranging from Chinese, Comorians, Turks, Maghrebis and also Vietnamese. 40% of the population is also Muslims. To view Marseille as an outsider, one can see how colourful and vibrant culturally the city is.

According to the statistics data, 15% of the inhabitants with the French nationality are foreign born.

From observations and studies, the proposal intends to celebrate cultural differences and also to tie together a mix use area into one. Marseille is not only mixed with culture but also architecturally has a little bit of everything.

Besides looking on how beautiful Marseille sits geographically, I have also observed and had an interest in public squares around the city. These squares are not always filled with people but as Marseille being a dense city, the public spaces somehow give a rest to the eye and help the city breathe. From the noun public square, I have come to an understanding that it means an open area at the meeting of two or more streets square. In ancient Greek, it means as a place of assemble for the people or agora. The literal meaning of the word is gathering place or assembly such as a market place or a market square.

Thus the word Marché came from. A market is always all about its people and a celebration of the culture and community. Food is also a celebration of taste, culture and life. The proposal would make the area livelier for its coherent mix of different uses, including the provision of social housing, the hospital, the school and the metro station.

Road Network

Transportation Links Metro Stations Bus Stops

Site Analysis 1:5000

Legend Site Residential Hospital Education Retail Offices Places of worship Parks

exiting the site to the main road, commercial + residential area

residential + commercial residential

Site A - existing public park

uffi eR

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M entrance from Desiree Clary metro station + European Hospital

Site Study Sketch

Site B - construction site

Design Intention Collage

Precedent Studies

Montmarte Mixed Use, Paris, France

by Babin + Renaud

Torghallen, Katrineholm, Sweden

by JAJA Architects

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Santa Caterina Market, Barcelona, Spain Eric Miralles Architect Santa Caterina is very much the centrepiece of the locality - the most public building in a very dense urban neighbourhood. It intervenes in the city grain to contribute a different amenity to the area by creating, in the refurbishment, two new public spaces that are unlike the regular streets of Barcelona’s grid.

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The one at the very north is very flat, formal and civic; in the second, at the south-east corner, the architects carved out something much smaller, more informal and assymmetric. It is overlooked by the housing for the elderly. The informality is further emphasised by the steep chamber, which rises up and over the archaelogical remains below.

Montmarte Mixed Use, Paris, France

by Babin + Renaud The architects decided to combine a sequence of quality entrances for the inhabitants while maintaining full opening to the facilities along the avenue. Organizing into blocks thus made it possible to differentiate each facility by alternating empty spaces directly above which entrances to the accommodations were placed and recessed from the street.

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Learning Hub of Nanyang Technological University , Singapore

by Thomas Heatherwick, To avoid creating “miles of corridors linking box-like lecture rooms”, the building was designed as a cluster of tapered towers surrounding an expansive atrium. The idea was to combine learning facilities with social spaces including balconies, gardens and open-air corridors, to encourage as many opportunities for staff and student interactions as possible.

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The element of the atrium suits the proposal as it encourages good ventilation through out the building.

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The affordable housing on the upper floors are based on a modular system that allows for repetition in layout, cutting down construction costs and an organization that ensures optimal daylight conditions.

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External circulation is the most cost-effective solution for affordable housing; however it can often feel invasive to prvacy as people pass by.

Hence it was designed as a semi-public space where it creates niche for private functions, and voids where daylight can filter through.

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Borough Market, London The present-day market mainly sells speciality foods to the general public. However, in the 20th century, it was essentially a wholesale market, selling produce in quantity to greengrocers. It was the main supplier, along with Covent Garden, of fruits and vegetables to retail greengrocers shops.

Stallholders come to trade at the market from different parts of the UK, and traditional European products are also shipped over and sold. Amongst the produce on sale are fresh fruit and vegetables, cheese, meat, game and freshly baked bread and pastries. There is also a wide variety of street food on sale for lunchtime visitors who flock to the market.

Swedish Housing and Market Hall Hybrid Competition, Torghallen, Sweden

by JAJA Architects Torgahllen focuses on reconnecting two plazas by devoting the ground floor to public. The ground floor is conceived as an open and flexible space for markets and events.

This can be applied to the proposal as the idea is to have the ground floor of the housing blocks as part of the market.

Markthal ,Rotterdam, Netherlands

by MRDV, At a historical location at the Binnerotte, next to Blaak Station and the largest weekly open air fresh food and hardware market in Rotterdam, the first covered market of the Netherlands was realised. Markthal includes a huge market floor on the ground floor under an arch of apartments. Its shape, its colourful interior and the height turns Markthal into a unique spectacle.

Swedish Housing and Market Hall Hybrid Competition, Torghallen, Sweden

by JAJA Architects

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La Boqueria Market Barcelona. Spain La Boqueria is a large public market in the Ciutat Vella district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain and one of the city’s foremost tourist landmarks, with an entrance from La Rambla, not far from the Liceu, Barcelona’s opera house.

The market has a very diverse selection of goods.

Site Pictures + Sketches

Site Concept and Routes

Legend Site Proposed pedestrian routes through the site Proposed services routes for the market

Legend Proposed buildings Proposed public spaces

Ground surface materials

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Herringbone paving stones

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Hexagon paving stones

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Polished concrete floor

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Grass covering

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Rubber play bark chippings

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Site Study Model

Massing Study Model

1:200

1:200

Site boundaries

rerouting the main road + making it a pedestrianised area + for market

from Desiree Clary metro station + European Hospital

to retain the public park

Site boundaries

Site + public park

Site + public park + market street

Massing study 1

Massing study 2

Massing study 3

Spatial Arrangement Study Model 1:100

4 Bedroom 6 People

2 Bedroom 4 People

3 Bedroom 5 People

minimum 100 m²

minimum 70 m²

minimum 86 m² 1 Bedroom 2 People minimum 50 m²

Development Sketches

Final Floor Plan Housing Type

Floor Plan - Studio

Floor Plan - 3 Bedroom

Floor Plan - 2 Bedroom (Type A)

Floor Plan - 2 Bedroom (Type B)

Floor Plan - 4 Bedroom

Minimum 50m²

Minimum 86m² - 5 people

Minimum 70m²

Minimum 100m²

- studio / 1 bedroom - ideal for young couple or 1 person - comes with a kitchen, eating area, 1 bathroom, living room/bedroom & a verandah

- 3 bedroom unit - ideal for young couple with children, middle age couple with teenage children, middle age couple with grown children - comes with 3 bedrooms,1 bathroom, kitchen, dining area, spacious living area and 2 verandahs

- ideal for young young couple with children, middle age couple with teenage children, middle age couple with grown children, elderly couple, elderly single - comes with 2 bedrooms,1 bathroom, kitchen, dining area, a spacious living area and a verandah

- 4 bedroom unit - ideal for young young couple with children, middle age couple with teenage children, middle age couple - comes with 2 bedrooms,1 bathroom, kitchen, dining area, spacious living area and a verandah

Interior Visulalisation

Ground Floor Plan + Site Plan 1:500

1st - 2nd Floor Plan 1:500

3rd - 4th Floor Plan 1:500

5th - 6th Floor Plan 1:500

Rear Elevation 1:200

Front Elevation 1:200

Longitudinal Section 1:250

HorizontalSection 1:250

Market Street Visulalisation

Aerial View

Site + Proposal

Corridor Visulalisation

Interior Visulalisation

Exterior Visulalisation

Final Model scale -1:500

Final Model scale -1:500

Final Model scale -1:200

Final Model scale -1:200

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3 Strip Section 1:50

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50 mm gravel 15mm rubber granulate mat damp-proof membrane, 2 layers cold applied, self adhesive sealing membrane sloping insulation, min. thickness 180 mm vapour barrier 180 concrete slab

100 mm precast concrete panel polyester powder coated aluminium sill with silicon sealant 140 x 180 x10 mm ss angle with 10mm gusset centrally welded 100 mm expanded polystrene insulation epm membrane locked into window thermally broken triple-glazed window treated timber window sill

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150 mm ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite System) 250 mm concrete, 15 mm render

200 mm precast concrete slab 100 mm expanded polystrene insulation 80 mm screed finishing

3 100 mm precast concrete panel damp-proof membrane 100 mm expanded polystrene insulation cold applied, self adhesive sealing membrane 150 mm precast concrete panel, 15 mm render

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Balcony + window detail 1:20

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a b

precast slab

grout fill c

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rebar f

Precast member

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embedded plate loose plate field - welded to embedded plates embedded plate

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Wood to concrete connection

ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite System)

Weld Plates

Rebar & Grout

a. wall b. adhesive c. insulation board d. anchor e. reinforcement layer f. fiber mesh g.render

Method of attachment of precast members using steel weld plates The precast members have embedded plates that can be used as welding surfaces for loose connection plates or angles.

Used with slabs, reinforcing bars are spliced into slabs and grouted in place

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6 100 mm precast concrete panel 50 mm additional insulation 80 mm screed finishing

7 + 8 footpath 150 mm hardcore 80 mm screed 150 mm concrete slab damp-proof membrane 100 mm insulation damp-proof membrane sand blincing 150 mm hardcore

Strip Section 1:50

Ground level + balcony detail 1:25

Thermal Mass Effect Exterior

Interior

Summer sun Energy loss Energy return to interior

Energy reservoir

Thermal Mass Concrete is used as the structural material for the proposal.

Concrete is a densed material with a very high thermal mass.

On warm days, especially during Summer, heat is absorbed and stored by the surface of the concrete walls. In the evening, when the concrete walls are exposed to the cooler air, the walls release the heat making it comfortable for the users inside. The material’s ability to respond in the change of conditions, actually helps to stabilise the internal temperature. It also reduces the risk of overheating internally as well as minimising the need of using mechanical ventilation.

Winter sun

Distribution Control

During colder days, which is in the winter, the same principle applies. The material concrete captures and recycles the heat gained from the users, the lights and also electronic devices.

In the evening when the temperature drops, the concrete walls release heat keeping the building warm and comfortable for the users. Again, it also reduces the need of mechanical heating.

Absorber

Aperture

Energy saver

Thermal Mass

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Rainwater harvesting system

Overhang provides shade

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Stack effect Stack effect will cause air infiltration. During the heating season, the warmer indoor air rises up through the building and escapes at the top either through open windows, ventilation openings, or unintentional holes in ceilings, like ceiling fans and recessed lights. The rising warm air reduces the pressure in the base of the building, drawing cold air in through either open doors, windows, or other openings and leakage. During the cooling season, the stack effect is reversed, but is typically weaker due to lower temperature differences.

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Rain falls onto roof, any falling on the building is attenuated onto the flat roof

Rainwater is filtered as it leaves the roof and is distributed to the tanks inside bathrooms

While it lasts, the rainwater is used to flush toilets

When the harvested rainwater is depleted, the tank automatically reverts to mains water until the next storm

Environmental Diagram

Climate Calanque

Marseille has a Mediterranean climate with mild, humid winters and warm to hot, mostly dry summers. Marseille is officially the sunniest major city in France with over 2,900 hours of sunshine while the average sunshine in France is around 1,950 hours and is also the driest major city with only 512mm of precipitation annually, especially thanks to the Mistral which is a cold, dry wind originating in the Rhone Valley that occurs mostly in winter and spring and which generally brings clear skies and sunny weather to the region.

Stereographic diagram of Marseille Sketches - punctured roof

Learning Hub of Nanyang Technological University , Singapore

by Thomas Heatherwick

Solar Penetration

Solar shading

Rainwater Harvesting System

Rainwater collected

Roofwater

Reused water for outdoor

Water meter with dual check valve Tank overflow to stormwater drainage system

The facade facing the south plays an important role on how natural lighting enters the building without overheating or overexposing it. The diagrammatic section above shows how the sunlight enters the building from the facades and also through the punctured roof.

Overhangs on the facade provide shadow for the spaces inside and the sun light from the punctured roof and floors light up the corridor. Because Marseille gets a lot of sunshine, the punctured roof and walls allow the space to be light up naturally and not overheating it.

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a. Rainwater is collected and stored in the rainwater tank [1] b. The rainwater goes through the hot water system [2] c. Water comes out and passes the tempering valve [3] d. Water is reused for flushing the toilets and for watering the green spaces outdoors

Exploded Construction Sequence

Fifth floor

Wall panels being fabricated at a factory

Prefabricated wall panels, windows, doors and balcony

Assembling the wall panels on site

Second & third floor

Part of the building is being erected - the wall panels also function as load bearing walls

Prefabricated wall panels, windows doors & balcony

Ground floor columns

In-situ solid flat slab