Rural Planning

ENPL437

Rural Planning & Development

Jifna & Ein Siniya

Site Analysis Dr. Sanaa Anabtawi Arch. Rula Hawareth

Prepared by : Alia Jomhour 1172470 Dana Musaffer 1171203 Yanah Enayah 1172103 1

1.

2.

3.

Location Historical Background Regional Context 3.1 Description 3.2 ABC classification

4.

5.

6.

Land Use Plan Urban development Urban Morphology Solid and Void PLan 6.1 Street Network 6.1.1 Transportation

6.2 Plots pattern 6.3 Blocks 6.3.1 Building typology 6.3.2 Density

7.

Population

CONTENTS

7.1 Socio-economic conditions

8.

9.

Topography Natural Features and Resources 9.1 Land cover change 9.2 Microclimate: Sun and Wind 9.3 Pollution and Noise 9.4 Landscape Scenery

10.

11.

12.

13.

Services and Facilities Infrastructure Cultural Heritage SWOT Analysis

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1. Location

3

1.SITE LOCATION SITE LOCATION MAP

Our study area is strategically located in Ramallah governorate, it has an area of 6.2 Km2.

It is inhabited by 4152 Palestinians in total distributed over 2 geographical locations.

(PCBS, 2019)

This study examines the change of scenery in the Ramallah and Al-Bireh governorate. The study area includes a two of communities, which are Jifna and Ein Sinya as shown in map.

4

2. Historical Background

5

2.HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

ifna was in the past a Roman Byzantine city, and today it became a summer destination due to its swimming pools and restaurants ,and it has two castles dating back to the Crusader and Islamic periods

Photos (1.1)

Photos (1.2)

Ein Siynia named after Ain al-Qamar, and rock tombs were found around the village. In the village, relics from the Ottoman era were found, and tombs carved into a rock were found in it, and there was a ruin in it called Khirbet Ein Siynia village.

Photos (1.3)

Photos (1.4) Photos (1.1-1,4) by : Local citizen -2021

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3. Regional Context

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3. REGIONAL CONTEXT description (1) The study area is a transit

REGIONAL MAP

station for those coming from Silwad and Deir Dibwan and the areas adjacent to them to reach Birzeit and vice versa, and the

‫ﺑﯾرزﯾت‬

‫ﻋﯾن ﺳﯾﻧﯾﺎ‬

study area connects Abu Qash ‫ﺟﻔﻧﺎ‬

with Ramallah and Jalazoun camp. ‫اﺑو ﻗش‬

Ein Siynia is specified as an area for eco-tourists due to its natural manner , and Jifna plays a role as a historical

place

that

contains

events that gathers people from different places .

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3.2 ABC CLASSIFICATION ABC CLASSIFICATION MAP

As shown in the map the study area is mostly classified as ‘B’ areas with ‘C’ areas at the edges .

The existence of area “C” creates a threat at any time the israeli occupation can take the land.

Ein Siynia

Jifna

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4. Land Use Plan

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4.LAND USE PLAN LAND USE MAP

1

2 1

In some places in the two villages, they are cultivated, but they are classified as residence A, instead of being agricultural to protect the land.

The other land is distributed between old centers , villas and cultural heritage land

2

11 Table 1: The percentages of land use

5. Urban development

12

5.DETAILED: URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN DEVELOPMENT MAP

OLD CITY

1997

OLD CITY

2007

OLD CITY

The expansion and urbanization of the Jifna community began from the core of the old city towards the east and west along the main street.

And Ein Siniya, the expansion was in the northern direction, due to some geopolitical limitations, such as the presence of the settlements of Ofer and Beit El in the south.

As shown in the maps how the historical development in Jifna started

2020 Photos (2) :Taken from Dr.Salem Thawaba’s report - 2018

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6. Urban Morphology

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6.1 FIGURE GROUND PLAN

FIGURE GROUND MAP

The plan shows the distribution of built up features in the area and where is the dense places and the lower building density .

As we can see how the camp represents the most dense area in the map , then the historical centers .

Photos (3) : By btselem.org -2019

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6.2 Urban Morphology: Plots PLOTS MAP

On the plots map, irregular plots pattern of the land are not clearly readable, which makes the building randomly constructed.

Plots area differs from one to another and as shown there is tripping in the plots due to agricultural functions . There is parcels with huge areas that needs to be reparcelated

Ein Siynia

Jifna

16

URBAN MORPHOLOGY: PLOTS

PLOTS MAP

Plots areas in shape and area, linear plots are noticed due to it’s agricultural use

Parcels in Jifna has a small areas unlike parcels in Ein Siynia , that has a huge plot size and random shape

Plots in Jifna

Plots in Ein Siynia

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6.3 URBAN MORPHOLOGY: Block Pattern

Urban Morphology: Block Pattern BUILT UP MAP

Block pattern in the site is hard to read due to random buildings and the lack of urban planning development especially at the centers .It has different block shapes and sizes in the site.

Ein Siynia

Jifna

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URBAN MORPHOLOGY: Block Pattern BUILDINGS PATTERN

Linear block pattern in surrounding site -edges- due to new urban growth. Al Doha and Al Ghadeer Housing ,these houses has created a new pattern in the area.

Ein Siynia

Jifna

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URBAN MORPHOLOGY: Block Pattern STREETS and BUILDINGS RELATION MAP Yabroud

Photos (8):Taken by the researchers - 2021

Ein Siynia

Birzeit

Building heights found to be at the local street between 1 to 2 floors

Jifna

Al-Bireh Photos (9):Taken by Ramez Awwad -2019

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URBAN MORPHOLOGY: Block Pattern STREETS and BUILDINGS RELATION MAP

Yabroud

Photos (10):Taken by researchers - 2021

Ein Siynia

Birzeit

Photos (11):Taken from Ein Siynia First - 2019

Building heights found to be at the main street between 3 to 5 floors or more

Jifna

Al-Bireh Photos (12):Taken from Ein Siynia First - 2019

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URBAN MORPHOLOGY BUILDINGS EXPANSION

There are multi-family buildings, but not high, ranging from 3 to 6 floors

The traditional houses are concentrated in the space of the historical center

Photos (4):Taken by Ramez Awwad - 2019

Surrounding land in mostly planted with arable and permanent lands Photos (5):Taken by local citizen -2021

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URBAN MORPHOLOGY: Streets

STREETS MAP

Urban Morphology: Streets

Yabroud

Ein Siynia Main Local Internal Birzeit

Street network is described as radial pattern with organic edges, and is distributed in the study area well and acceptable, which allows mobility and connection between all areas of this assembly well and other neighboring areas.

Jifna

Al-Bireh

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URBAN MORPHOLOGY: Streets

STREETS MAP

Photos (6):Taken by researchers- 2021

Paved Streets

Photos (7):Taken by researchers- 2021

Unpaved Streets

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TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION MAP

The linking road network is distributed in the planned area well and is acceptable, which allows movement and connectivity between all areas well.

Ein Siynia

Photos (13):Taken by local photographer

● ● ●

The local road connecting Jifna - Jalazoun is approximately its width is about 8 meters.

The local road connecting Jifna - Ein Siniya is approximately is about 9 meters wide.

The local road connecting Jifna - Birzeit is approximately is about 9 meters wide.

Jifna

Jifna - Jalazoun

Jifna - Ein Siniya

Photos (14):Taken by researchers - 2021

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7. Population

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7. POPULATION

999

EIN SENA According to the statistics 2020

3196 Km

3,153

JIFNA According to the statistics 2020

5268 Km Figure(1) : Population .

Population expected ratio percentage : 2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2031

Jifna Percentage

2.79%

2.18%

2.20%

2.15%

2.14%

2.15%

Percentage

2.0%

2.18%

2.24%

2.09%

2.15%

2.8%

Table 2: Population expected ratio percentage

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7. POPULATION - JIFNA POPULATION and DENSITY MAP The old town is located at the center of Jifna , it has a high density ,narrow streets and a single houses typology.

1

Ein Siynia

Photos (15): ZamnPress.com - 2018

Other areas had a medium density .

2

1 Photos (16): ZamnPress.com - 2018

2 Jifna

3 3

More lower density at the edges .

Photos (17): ZamnPress.com - 2018

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7.POPULATION- EIN SIYNIA POPULATION and DENSITY MAP

1 Photos (18):Taken by local photographer

Ein Siynia

The old town is located at the lower part of Ein Siynia , it has a medium density ,narrow streets and a single houses typology.

2 1

3 2 Other areas had a medium density .

Photos (19) Ein Siyia first - 2018

Jifna

3 More lower density at the upper part of the village .

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Photos (20): Ein Siyia first - 2018

7.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

Photos (21): ZamnPress.com - 2016

Photos (22): By Ein Siynia First - 2020

Seasonal events in Jina

Photos (23): By researchers - 2021

Companies and working spaces in the area

Photos (24): By researchers - 2021

Private and Public sector % 75

Jifna

Farming % 10 Food industry 10% Commerce 5%

Farming 60%

Ein Siynia

Private and public sector 25 % industry 10 % Commerce 5 %

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8.Topography

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8.TOPOGRAPHY TOPOGRAPHY MAP

Topography

Ein Siynia

Jifna

Figure (2) : 3d topography

It is noticed that Jifna is on a higher level than Ein Siniya and Ein Siniya is laying on a mostly flat area. The west side has a high slope and 32

9. Natural Features and Resources

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9.NATURAL FEATURES and RESOURCES NATURAL FEATURES and RESOURCES

Photos (25): By Ein Siynia First - 2020

Photos (26):Taken by local photographer

Ein Siynia has 60% of farming land and people are taking care of these lands , and Less green structure is found in Jifna unlike Ein Siynia .

Ein Siynia

And the presence of a water pumping station located on the main line of Jaffna, and this station will feed the surrounding areas, including Birzeit, Abu Qash and other areas.

Jifna

34 Figure(3) : Natural features and Resources .

9.1 LAND COVER CHANGE

Land Cover 1997

The region witnessed a change in the natural landscape during the period (1997-2019) from a decrease in arable land, an increase in permanent areas, and a significant increase in built-up areas due to the population increase during that period.

Land Cover 2019

Figure(4) : landscape change .

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9.2 MICROCLIMATE : SUN AND WIND Microclimate MAP

Microclimate MAP

In Winter

In Summer

In winter, sun rises at 6am and sets at almost 6pm, and the wind direction is from the west.

In summer, sun rises at 6am and sets at almost 8pm, and the wind direction is from the north. .

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9.3 POLLUTION POLLUTION MAP

Sewage water leaked from Jalazoun camp into a valley in Jaffna and Ein Siniya villages Photos (29):Taken by local photographer

The number of factories increased in the center of Jifna village

Photos (30):Taken by local photographer

The presence of more than one dumping site in the same village increases the level of pollution

Photos (31): By researchers - 2021

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9.3POLLUTION - NOISE POLLUTION MAP NOISE

Photos (32): Taken from Birzeit students report

●

Due to traffic on the local street

●

In places far from the center, it enjoys calm

Photos (33): btselem.org

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9.4 LANDSCAPE SCENERY Landscape Scenery

Photos (27):Taken by local citizen - 2021

Photos (28): By Ein Siynia First - 2020

The area has views with beautiful landscape that can be used in the planning development

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10. Services and Facilities

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SERVICES in JIFNA SERVICES in JIFNA MAP

Ein Siynia Photos(34) by researches

Photos(35) by researches

Jifna

Jifna Village Council: Founded in 1965, with the aim of taking care of the village’s issues and providing all services to its residents Jaffna Sports Club: Founded in 1990 by the village youth, and is currently registered with the

Ministry of Youth and Sports, the club is concerned with sports, cultural and social activities

Mostly the area is well served and services are easily accessible

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SERVICES in EIN SINYIA

SERVICES in EIN SINIYA MAP

'Ein Siniya village has no governmental institutions; however, it has a number of local institutions that provide services to various sectors of society, in the areas of culture and services, including ('Ein Siniya Village Council, 2011): 'Ein Siniya Village Council: Founded in 1996 by the Ministry of Local Government with the goal of taking care of all the issues in the village and providing various services to its population.

The Cooperative Society for Olive Oil-pressing: Founded in 1964 with the purpose of pressing olive oil. (Arij, 2012. 'Ein Siniya Village Profile)

Ein Siynia

Jifna

Photos(36) :by palpolice.ps

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11. Infrastructure

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INFRASTRUCTURE

Infrastructure Map Landfill

Ein Sinya

Connected to electricity, water and communications Sewage water pumping

Birzeit

Photos (37) : Taken by researches

Jifna has a lacks in sewage system.

Jifna

Ein Siynia has a bad street structure , weak electricity system.

Mostly it depends on cesspit tanks and 7% is connected to sewage system, Photos (38) : Taken by researches

● ●

Accumulation of waste or odors and pollution in some areas such as Birzeit Atara Containers are insufficient in every region, and the available containers are not closed, causing pollution and the spread of unpleasant odors 44

12. Cultural Heritage

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CULTURAL HERITAGE CULTURAL HERITAGE MAP

Photos (39) : Taken by Ein Senia First

There are some archaeological sites and areas in the village.

This includes Khirbet Shata, which has walls, foundations, and tombs carved into the rocks .

Photos (40) : Taken by Ein Senia First

There are historical places in the village, including the castle of the tower, the eye of the Virgin Mary, cemeteries, old buildings, cemeteries and an old press.

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CULTURAL HERITAGE CULTURAL HERITAGE MAP

Jaffna Central Square can be defined as a historical place considered as a cultural heritage.

And also the presence of clubs and societies such as: Palestinian Village Club: Founded in 1965 AD, and it aims to provide cultural and social services.

Jifna Women Association: It was established in 1965 as a health clinic.

Photos (41) : Taken by Ramez-Awwad-2019

Photos (42) : Taken by ‫ﺟﻣﻌﯾﺔ ﺳﯾدات ﺟﻔﻧﺎ‬

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13. SWOT

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SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths ● ●

Economically strategic location, as it is located near Ramallah and Al-Bireh The study area is a transit station

●

Preserving the rural character because of the existence of a classification of

Opportunities ● ● ● ●

land Residence A in the study area ●

Preserving agricultural lands due to the existence of a classification of

●

agricultural lands in the land use plan of Ein Siniya ●

The progression in the classification of Residence from B to A within the

village center and encourages investment in the periphery ●

master plan of Jifna

Weaknesses ● ● ● ● ●

The lack of open and public spaces in the study area The existence of an industrial area next to the residential and agricultural area in the village of Ein Siniya Ain Senia village lacks a gradation in the type of housing due to the limited structural scheme for classifying the land as Residence A Limited expansion in the eastern region due to the presence of Israeli settlements The limited improvement of the streets especially the main ones that pass from the center of the old towns

Close to vital centers such as Birzeit It is a tourist attraction due to the presence of a cultural and rural heritage An area that attracts investments and new housing projects The possibility of interfering with planning and future development in the planning area because most of the lands are a political classification (B) The presence of new housing in the peripheral areas relieves pressure on the

Existing (paved and unpaved) streets in expansion areas encourage urban development

Threats ● ● ● ● ● ●

Surrounding by Israeli settlements The urban growth and expansion of Ramallah and Al-Bireh towards the villages creates a threat to the preservation of the rural character of the study area Neglect of archaeological sites, lack of interest or restoration Limited intervention in some areas due to their presence within the political classification (C) The spread of Residence A on agricultural lands in the land use plan of Jifna village The emergence of a random pattern in the future due to an unorganized division of land

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SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths ●

The possibility of expansion in the surrounding lands in the centers

●

The division of agricultural land plots contributes to preserving the agricultural character of the study area

●

The gradation in the heights of the buildings in the study area and most of them fit with the contour lines

●

The character of the individual buildings reinforces the rural character of the

Opportunities ● ● ● ● ●

village ●

Provides local and regional transportation services for the planning area

Weaknesses ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

The presence of a regional street in the area encourages investment and urban development along it Promoting economic, commercial and cultural activities due to the presence of a well-equipped and productive workforce Great interest in agricultural activities Protection of a biodiverse zone in the planning area The presence of medium agricultural areas with a large percentage in the planning area

The presence of Israeli checkpoints and at the entrances and streets near the planning area The areas near the valleys are exposed to floods Steep slopes in the eastern region of the two towns Lack of arable land Increase the percentage of industrial areas within the built-up areas The large number of dumps in the area and the presence of waste in residential areas Pollution of water sources and agricultural lands due to the discharge of sewage from Jalazon camp

Threats ● ● ●

Drainage of sewage into the valley The occurrence of medium agricultural land in future urban expansion areas There is no sewage network

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SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths ●

Increasing population growth at a relatively slow rate protects the region from high population density

●

Attention to agricultural, commercial and economic activity

●

Topographic diversity in the planning area, including mountains and flat areas

●

It provides springs and valleys

●

The occurrence of the boundaries of the land use scheme on lands of low

Weaknesses ● ●

Noise especially on the main street due to the car crisis Poor infrastructure for the streets

agricultural value ●

Reclaiming lands and converting them to agricultural lands

●

The nature of the area and the contour lines contribute to good orientation of the wind and sun movement

●

Attractive beautiful and natural scenes in the two villages

●

There is an adequate number of basic services, and take advantage of the services-rich neighboring villages

●

There is an extension of electricity and water that reaches all regions

●

The existence of special cultural and social institutions that reinforce the role of different groups in the two villages

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THANK YOU

YANAH ENAYAH -

ALIA JAMHOUR - DANA MUSAFFER

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