SETDA Spring 2025 by DandKDesign

SOUTHEAST TINES

Join our Association!

Welcome to the Southeast Tines Quarterly Magazine.

We are excited for you to explore the many industry articles, deer farming and vendor advertisements, and much more. We would like to encourage you to JOIN or RENEW your membership with SETDA in support of keeping the Cervid Industry live and well in our state.

Benefits you will experience as a member include:

• Quarterly Newsletters containing information, education, and an opportunity for you to advertise along with an emailed ebook each quarter.

• Invites to all State Association Events and National Events.

• Connections to other cervid breeders and preserves. Communications about recent events and legislation affecting your cervid operation.

• Member listing on our website, Free business card placement in the quarterly magazines, and periodic emails about upcoming events.

SOUTHEAST

TROPHY DEER ASSOCIATION

Dr. Bill Leffler

PO Box 159

Morriston, FL 32668

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

PRESIDENT

Dr. Bill Leffler

2 Base Down Farms PO Box 159

Morriston, FL 32668

561-373-2353

Bleffler2011@gmail.com

Twobasedownfarms@yahoo.com

VICE PRESIDENT

Matt Young Taxidermist

Tillman Outdoors LLC 13669

Buckskin Rd

Brooksville, FL 34601

352-206-4745

Sportsmens9@yahoo.com

TREASURER

Wendy O’Brien

5 Star Bookkeeping & Tax Service LLC

Spirit Ranch

26838 Mondon Hill Rd

Brooksville, FL 34601

352-584-0971

Spiritranchfl@gmail.com

SECRETARY

Laura McWatters

341 SW Ballaed Ct., Lake City, Florida 32024

561-644-8029

buckfeathers@bellsouth.net

DIRECTORS

Benny Wilkison

Lil Oak Whitetails

3193 NW 216th St

Lawtey, Fl

904-424-7233

liloakwhitetails@yahoo.com

Mike Vizcaino

Osceola Whitetails 149 Sand Lake Dr Pomona Park, Fl 32181

904-814-7214

Mvizcain@bellsouth.net

Tim Cromwell 18015 NE CR 1471 Hampton, FL 32044

352-727-9528

John Entry

Rocking JE Whitetails PO Box 861 Okeechobee, FL 34973

863-610-0965

jedeveloping@hotmail.com

Sam Petersheim

Crescent Ranch

6547 Midnight Path Road #87 Sarasota, FL 34242

217-273-3331

samkey80@gmail.com

President’s Message

MARK YOUR CALENDAR FOR THE 2025 SPRING FLING MARCH 7TH

& 8TH

IN ORLANDO, FL

President’s Message

Deer farmers across much of the country are used to cold, snowy, winter days ......... but NOT so in the Deep South and Florida where the winter of 2025 will long be remembered.

By now the snow has smelted and the cold days behind us. Once again if one is lucky, you can hear Osceola turkeys gobbling in the early mornings signaling that Spring is nearly here. I wake early every day and am blessed to listen to them.

The excitement of Spring is in the air. To many, Spring is a time of resurrection and Easter, new growth, a time to plant crops, the return of great fishing, Spring turkey season, college basketball and March madness, or Spring Break and a time to celebrate life.

As deer farmers, this is the time when we need to make sure that all of our deer are getting the very best feed and nutrients possible to grow not just large bodies, but to give our bucks a head start to develop big antlers, as well as our does so that they may deliver big healthy fawns.

So, join us for FUN IN THE SUN this March 7th and 8th in Orlando for our annual SETDA Spring Fling Fundraising Auction. There will be lots of free door prizes given out this year, as well as a chance to WIN A FREE DEER thanks to the generosity of Sam Petersheim, Mike Vizcaino, and Bill Leffler. (See details on page 5 for how to win a free deer!)

In this issue you will find a number of topics covered that are critical for all deer farmers, including Part 5 of the continuing Search for the Truth About CWD. This time we will look into Heredity & Breeding CWD Resistance. I want to thank Alex Drapper for his contribution and shedding light about his real-world experiences concerning this topic. I also want to thank Justin Elliott for his insights into Moving Cervids in The State of Florida. I especially want to thank Dr Anthony Farmer and his ranch manager, McKenzie Gunter from Tecate Creek Whitetails, for sharing their vast knowledge and experience using various medications to treat cervids.

This issue is being sent compliments of the SETDA and it’s board of directors to the nearly 500+ licensed Game farms and Hunting preserves in Florida, as well as multiple mailings inviting everyone to join us at the upcoming Spring Fling event. The Southeast Tines quarterly magazine is part of what you will receive for becoming a member. It is our sincere wish that you find the contents helpful, and will want to become members of the Southeast Trophy Deer Association. We look forward to seeing everyone at the Spring Fling.

Stay Safe, Well, United, and “Florida Strong”

God Bless

Dr. Bill Leffler

FEATURED FARM

STUBBS WHITETAILS –DEDICATED TO PRODUCING HARDY, HEALTHY FLORIDA DEER

Written By: Gail Veley

Mel Stubbs walks up to a young fawn, leans gently forward and offers a bottle. The fawn doesn’t hesitate to accept and latch on. It’s a complete moment of trust and comfort between the two at Stubbs Whitetails, a five-acre deer farm nestled in an inviting, tropical paradise in Wimauma, Florida, located centrally in the state. Mel and his son Ryan, both avid fishermen and hunters, have owned and operated Stubbs Whitetails since 2018, and appear to love every minute of it. They have a deep respect for deer and in turn, their deer seem very grateful if not also engaged with their daily life and routine.

“We provide the best care and the most natural environment we

possibly can for them to thrive,” Ryan said. “Our deer are very relaxed and content. Dad will just sit with them for hours and enjoy being with them. Our mortality rate is very low.” From the onset of starting their farm, Ryan and Mel wanted to get things right. By visiting other deer farms and discussing successes and failures, they made good decisions early on. “We learned high-quality doe pedigrees were one of the most important things,” Ryan, 44, shared. “We are using the very best genetics we possibly can.”

While they raise mainly typical deer with Texas-bred genetics that include the likes of Freightliner, Triple Crown and Big Stitch, their herd is also deeply

stacked to perpetuate resistance and easy climate acclimation.

Stubbs homegrown breeding bucks include Cracker Jack, a four-year-old typical deer who scored 280” at three years old, as well as Rodan, a three-year-old nontypical buck with a typical mainframe, who scored 296” at two years old. “For Texas genetics they are very large,” Ryan said. “It’s pretty exciting that both came from our very own bucks and does.”

Inspiration to start Stubbs Whitetails happened after Mel, 71, attended an outdoor expo and visited a deer farming booth. He quickly learned that you could not only love and revere deer, but you could also raise them

STORY

and potentially turn a profit while doing so. Now, having his own farm has turned out to be very rewarding and everything he and Ryan hoped for.

“The most gratifying thing for Dad and I in the deer breeding business is helping new farms and preserve owners who are just starting out,” Ryan said. “We really enjoy working with them and love seeing how happy they are with the deer they have purchased from us. We still get customers that send us pics of bucks that they bought from us or that were born out of a doe they bought from us.”

“We are just so glad we made the decision to start our farm,”

Ryan said. “We had help from a lot of great people. To this day we are still always learning from our mentors and are always networking. We are a closed border state and need to work together. We talk to many preserve and farm owners and are always learning and trying hard to make Florida a great deer breeding state. We also love being part of SETDA, which keeps us up to date with any new state regulations and the annual events they put on.”

The TRUTH About CWD

The Truth About CWD: Heredity & Breeding CWD Resistance

Part 5 of my continuing effort to educate and inform on The Truth About CWD.

By Dr. Bill Leffler

As stated in the last issue, depopulation and non-selective culling has and continues to remove animals which possess the greatest genetic resistance to CWD susceptibility. Dr. C. Seabury has found deer with GEBV (genomically estimated breeding values ) as high as -0.49 that were still CWD “non-detect” after living in pens with infected deer for years on farms with a high CWD prevalence, as those farms were depopulated. The only explanation for this is GENETICS. Myself and many other physicians are telling our patients on a daily basis that it’s their genetic make-up behind the reason for so many of their illnesses.

The codon alleles ( 96S, 95H, and 226K ), which offer resistance to CWD susceptibility are typically rare in nature. At codon 96, the S allele has been proven to offer the greatest resistance, while the G allele produces the highest susceptibility and fastest presentation of the disease. Both H and K alleles offer some level of resistance but are so rare ( K being extremely rare ) that statistically are insignificant in most studies. H being found at codon 95 and K at codon 226. it is important to understand that HS deer are in fact actually codon 96GS with an H at codon 95.

Dr N. Haley proposed breeding deer possessing codon 96S as a possible defense against CWD, believing that two S’s would be more protective than only one S. Unfortunately, this is only partly true as there are over twenty deer in one study with codon 96SS markers that are CWD positive, and one of those being obex ( brain) positive. Dr Seabury found that all of those deer had very poor or weak breeding values.

The GEBV is a tool to offer the greatest prediction of CWD susceptibility in the breeding of deer and elk. His research has shown that selective breeding using GEBV can reduce CWD prevalence in farmed deer by approximately 85%.

The CUT-OFF LEVEL per Dr Seabury is -0.056, since 95% of all deer found to test CWD (+) had breeding values greater than, meaning either positive or less negative than -0.056 . He has also reported the following findings:

1. GEBV % CWD (+) Prevalence

(None have ever been found even at highly infected facilities)

2. Best GEBV found to date -0.49 Worst GEBV found to date +0.51

3. Breedings between certain does with certain bucks will create fawns that outperform the parents. However, on average when the GEBV are far apart, the offspring’s values should be close to the middle of both parents. When they are similar, approximately 50% will be better and 50%will be worse than the parents.

4.The ultimate goal should be to create deer having the greatest (-) GEBV and illuminating the G at codon96. This will provide multiple layers of protection and create the greatest level of resistance to CWD susceptibility.

IN SUMMARY:

It is important to remember that you can’t create what you don’t already have. You must know as many traits of a deer as possible, and to test your deer to know what their genetic make-up is before breeding, this includes not just the parentage, but also codon markers, and breeding values. The fastest means to improve your herd is to purchase deer, semen, or potentially embryos with the characteristics or traits that you are striving for.

I’ve said it many times before, big beautiful deer are just that, big and beautiful. Now with this tool we have the ability to create stronger, healthier deer with the greatest levels of protection possible, that are also...... big and beautiful.

............... I want to thank Alex Drapper for his contribution which follows ................. Heredity & Breeding for CWD Resistance: A Real World Experience

DD Deer Farms LLC, is comprised of 2 breeding farms, Bristol and Clio. We have been in business for over 36 years, breeding high quality genetics using AI and some Embryos. In the past years we have switched most of our breedings to Markers and GEBV.

some statists of our farms

Bristol’s Doe base has 54% of its animals with only 1 “G”. And 43% of its animals have no “G”s. 46% meet min GEBV of 0.05%.

Clio, although behind Bristol has 32% of its herd with only 1 “G” and 36% of its animals with no “G”s.

Heredity & Breeding for CWD Resistance: A Real World Experience

My name is Alex Draper, I own DD Deer Farms in Michigan, the other day I was asked by Dr. Bill Leffler to co -write an article on Markers and Gen omically Estimated Breeding Values (I’ll call BV). I know there are many opinions whether the Markers and/or BV are really going to resist CWD. It’s the only thing we have right now that makes sense. I have read and researched Scrappie in sheep and the markers did work in sheep, and with Dr. Seabury’s research on BV it also makes sense.

The DD Ad with the Mulder’s Chart, circle with the markers, see DD Deer Farms ad in this issue. Mulder’s chart has been used for the relationships of different minerals in soil evaluations and how they react to each other. Some minerals act with each other in an “Antagonism” way meaning they don’t get along, such as GG’s and others which is “Stimulation” they promote each other, with what I call “Survival” markers , SS, KS, HS, KK, & HH. We thought it was a good way to show the relationship of the markers in a similar maner.

Our first knowledge of breeding markers was by mistake, we used a buck called “Triple Ought” from Double Dime Whitetails. Come to find out he was KG with –0.2421 but at the time did not have BV, this was 2016. At the time we thought K’s, H’s and some S’s were the markers that we thought would have the most resistance. Working with Dennis Simpson and Dr. Haley we worked on setting up our programs with those markers.

Insight on markers incase reader is unfamiliar with Markers. The dam has a set of markers, let’s say she is KK and the sire is SS. The offspring will be KS, they got one alle from each parent, this is an easy one. When the dam or sire has something different with different mixes such as KG / GS, the combinations can be way different now you get 4 combinations KG, GG, KS & GS. What I have been trying to do is to use double markers with a single , example if the dam is GS I want to breed her to an SS, now that gives me 50% chance at getting an SS or GS, similar situation with KK and HH if you have a single H or K in the markers. See chart in article below.

Then along came Dr. Chris Seabury with his BV works where he is looking at breeding traits. As I understand in his formula, he gives 7% credit for having S’s in their DNA markers. Although K’s and H’s has very little if any, I don’t know the credits if any are given. I understand that in the many thousands of animals they have tested in herds and depopulations the percentage of Ss are far greater than Ks and Hs. Anyway we have embarked on breeding with BV and trying to turn the herd over to Ss with as low negative values as we can find.

Frustrated by the fact the BV are not consistent, meaning breeding the way Dr. Seabury suggested by breeding with a differential between sire and dam. Supposedly the offspring should fall half way between dam and sire is not always true. I have developed a small comparison chart. I will look in NADR to review offspring of particular buck. I chart offspring outcome relative to sire and dam . Hopefully the dam has a BV in

NADR to compare the BV’s. Following is an example of how I compare, these are actual numbers off my herd same sire, Example 1

OFFSPRING

SS /-1885 GS / - .12 SS / -.37 - 12 +-.37 = -.25 / 2 = .12

KS / -1184 KK / .0558 SS / -.37 .0558 + -.37 = 4258 / 2 = .2129*

• (Notice in the second sample dam is positive and sire neg, so the spread is much higher than first example. I think in the sampling this is important as we go forward. I believe the dam being neg, she has good traits if you will . Then bring in a low neg sire brings the BV down.)

Now I take the outcome and add it to dam = -.24 which is lower than offspring of -.18. If I subtract it from the sire I come with -25. Doing same with the second example .2129 minus .0558 = -1571 same with sire take .2129 form -.37 + -.1571. So my thought the sire combination with the doe in the case did not move the needle to half way between the 2. First example offspring should have been at least -.24 and second should have been -.1571.

Now take twins same mother and sire, Example 2

OFFSPRING DAM SIRE DIFFERENCE/2 OUTCOME

SS / -.1902 GS / .0145 GS / - .24

GG / -.0759

.0145 +-.24 = -.2545 / 2 = .1272

GS / .0145 GS / - .24 .0145 +-.24 = -.2545 / 2 = .1272

Now see by having same dam and sire there are no guarantees. The first twin exceeded the goal of -.1272 and the second missed the goal, negative but not like her twin.

Personally, I have charted every major buck out there that has offspring that I can compare like I have showed you in the above examples. PEOPLE there are SS / NEG bucks out there that don’t move the needle at all, some go backwards. The dam has something to do with it also, but my answer to that is I am using multiple does and still do not move the needle.

This spring I was disappointed in some of our breeding values this past fawning season. I called John Ervin to see if he was having same issue of BV not responding as hoping they would. Funny thing about the word “HOPE”, I work for a guy that tells me HOP E is not a good business strategy! So, in ending with John Ervin we concluded that BV are going to be a longer process than breeding markers, but perseverance will win over. Getting does to all be negative and getting bucks with super low BV the future offspring will be lower each year going forward.

My advice if I can give any, YOU need to have the data, DNA, to get your markers and GEBV. Then access where the herd is whether is it looking good for markers meaning you have good markers, such as Ss, Ks & Hs, then evaluate the BV numbers. If positives obviously you need to breed with negatives, at the same time there may matches to the markers. As previously stated markers are easy to achieve , see attached chart, as stated above I try to breed double alleles SS, KK & HH to single alleles, with one of the good alle les.

Alex

Moving Cervids In The State of Florida: 101

First and foremost, let’s start with the FWC. In the state of Florida most know both parties must have a current FWC license to move cervids from one place to another. Also understand cervids moved to a hunting preserve have just been moved to their permanent home / male or female. This is a FWC rule as well as a Department of Ag.

Once both parties are in compliance a movement permit can be applied for through the Florida Department of Agriculture (this is under Cervidae movement request). This process usually only takes 4-5 hours but Department of Ag has 48 hours to approve.

Tracy Lord is who we usually reach out to for help or any confusion (850-410-0958).

Once this permit is approved you will then be emailed a permit for your records. We print and carry during the movement process for Agriculture inspections or for FWC officers.

Must have equipment:

Sedation drugs:

(We personally use BAM- it is a popular sedation drug made by Wedgewood Labs) Most farmer have different sedation drugs they prefer. We recommend talking to different farmers to get their opinion as well. Ex of sedation drugs: BAM, MK, MK2, Xylazine, Telazol, etc.

Dart Guns:

Or remote delivery devices is another opinionated subject. There are several options on the market today. Again, deer farmers or SETDA members would be happy to point you in the right direction. Personally, we use PneuDart Excalibur’s. These devices use CO2 cartridges and we feel is less stress on the animals. We always give the animals 10-15 minutes to sedate. Do not rush this process.

Face Masks:

Once our cervids are sedated we place face masks on our animals (again less stress). Usually now we start the movement process. We use stretchers, side by sides, golf carts, all depending on the circumstances.

Deer Movement Trailers:

Farmers use different methods of transport. We personally use 2 custom made deer hauling trailers. These trailers are completely dark inside whether day or night (less stress). Our trailers are equipped with air conditioning so we can transport all hours whether day or night. In the summer months we usually transport at night. We use generators to power our AC units. Locks on the outside of all doors and windows are a must.

Trailers must be labeled ‘Live Animals” on every door. We also label “Whitetails or Exotics Inside”. Once our animals are in the trailers, we then make the decision if any other medications are needed. We usually treat for shipping fever and usually apply an injectable wormer (deer farmers choice). Our trailers hold 6 bucks individually. These hard horned bucks have individual stalls so they cannot hurt each other. We can individually haul 12 bucks at a time. If we have does or unantlered bucks or exotics we can haul up to 20 animals per trailer. In the event that we use one of our live animal traps our trailers are equipped with stock doors for live loading.

After meds are given to our animals we reverse our sedation drugs, remove masks, and lock all doors. We always check to make sure all the animals are reversed and are awake. We have small peep holes/windows with redlight to make sure. We always transport our deer in the wakened state 95% of the time unless the situation calls for a different approach.

Once all our deer are delivered, we like to watch their behavior. Every now and again we may have to reinject with the reversal drug in case the animal renarcs. In case we believe an animal might have capture myopathy we always carry Dexamethasone. For all new deer farmers please keep in mind whether you have handling facilities or not, deer need meds. We always recommend tree stands/blinds in your deer pens to reduce stress during the darting process.

In conclusion this is only the personal opinion of Justin Elliott and Mike Vizcaino. Please consult with your own Veterinarian. God Bless and forever Florida Strong!

Best regards, Justin Elliott

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DEER HEALTH 101

Prepared by:

DR. ANTHONY FARMER, DVM & MCKENZIE GUNTER , MANAGER

Key insights

Below are listed a few key points that we will be covering in our journal:

⬤ FAWN PROCESSING

⬤ COMMON FAWN ILLNESS/ DEFICIENCIES

⬤ DO YOU HAVE A VACCINE PROTOCOL?

⬤ PNEUMONIA

⬤ BROKEN BONES

⬤ EHD

⬤ BOTTLE RAISING FAWNS

⬤ CLOSTRIDIUM

⬤ FUSO-BACTERIUM

⬤ WORMS/PARASITES

Introduction

When I first got into Deer farming, I was fresh out of High School. Not only was I trying to navigate life on my own and grow into a person that's worth being proud of, but I was also trying to manage a whole new world within an industry that doesn't exactly come with an instruction manual.

I would spend hours trying to do research on my own accord to be able to have the knowledge to do what is best for these animals, that I had grown to love and care about so deeply so fast, just to realize how little knowledge and research is out there on The Whitetail deer Species.

I grew up in a generation who was very dependent on Google. All they teach in schools these days is to study to pass a test. You research, you take notes, and then you can gather enough information to be able to write a paper about it. Therefore, passing that assignment. If you do the process correctly, and you read your material enough times while retyping it into a college format on your google docs you might just remember something from that “Lesson”.

So, Ladies and Gentlemen, that's exactly what I did, I went back to the basics. I took out a spiral notebook and I would research, research, and research some more. I would build charts filled with information organized into columns and rows to show how each medication should be used. I would then apply that information to a real-life situation and take notes on the outcome. Occasionally, if I got lucky, I would so happen to stumble upon a case study that some student at some university was writing for their master thesis. In addition, there was always the knowledge gained through trial and error.

I now have the pleasure to be able to be given the opportunity to share this with you today. I hope this information is found helpful and I hope that it can touch the lives of many Whitetails.

-McKenzie Gunter

Literature Review

DISEASE/ILLNESS/ COMPLICATIONS DESCRIPTION TREATMENT (FAWN) TREATMENT (ADULT)

ABSCESS

An abscess can form anywhere on or inside the body. A painful ball like lump full of pus that the body forms when fighting infection. Most easily noticed under the skin.

Using a 10 blade, lance the abscess low so that the infected area can continue to ooze and drain post procedure if needed. When doing this be vigilant in noticing the surroundings of where you are about to cut, be sure not to cut/nick an artery or vein. Minimal bleeding is to be expected in doing this procedure.

Express and massage the puss out of the infected area, until you cannot palpate the mass any further. Some abscesses will have multiple pockets, causing you to make multiple incisions to express all the pus. Once you have drained all pockets of the abscess; use diluted 7% iodine to flush the pocket/pockets thoroughly. When done, treat with Nuflor (Florfenicol) 3cc/100 lbs. for three days.

CHRONIC SCOURS Long term scours Baytril (Enrofloxacin)

Oral Tablet (preferred method): 11mg/lb. once daily, for 2-3 days past the cessation of clinical signs. Do Not exceed 30 days without consulting your prescribing veterinarian

Injectable solution: 1.75cc/50 lbs. orally FOR 3-5 DAYS

Fluid Therapy (if possible)

PROBIOTICS DAILY!

*The success of the drugs listed above are dependent on the bacteria that was present in the abscess. *

Baytril (Enrofloxacin)

Oral Tablet (preferred method): 22mg/lb. once daily, for 2-3 days past the cessation of clinical signs. Do Not exceed 30 days without consulting your prescribing veterinarian

Injectable solution: 3.4cc/100 lbs. orally FOR 3-5 DAYS

Fluid Therapy (if possible)

PROBIOTICS DAILY!

UNDERSTANDING

Abscesses are the accumulation of pus (collections of white blood cells, dead tissue, and bacteria) surrounded by fibrous connective tissue, which are caused by pyogenic bacteria. These bacteria typically infect the body via wounds or injury.

Four Most Common Causes:

-Streptococcus sp. -Staphylococcus sp. -Pseudomonas sp. -Trueperella pyogenes.

CLOSTRIDIUM

Clostridium can present itself in many ways depending on the strain. The main strains are A, B, C, and D.

Typically Contracted through Wound/ Abrasions or ingested more easily through contaminated feed due to spore formation.

Infection promoting factors

Prevention is key in the treatment of Clostridium.

Vaccines are available to help aid in the prevention of Clostridium. It is encouraged to utilize these vaccines due to clostridium being a common disease/illness in deer breeding.

Sanitation is imported in aiding in the prevention of clostridium

Prevention is key in the treatment of Clostridium.

Vaccines are available to help aid in the prevention of Clostridium. It is encouraged to utilize these vaccines due to clostridium being a common disease/illness in deer breeding.

Sanitation is imported in aiding in the prevention of clostridium

Chronic Scours is the result of a digestive disease which causes diarrhea, over an extended period of time without resolution.

It is important to try and obtain an uncontaminated stool sample, so that it can be sent off for examination to determine the type of infection that your animal has.

There are numerous different types of Clostridium, so it’s important to determine exactly which one you’re dealing with.

Three Most Common Types:

-Clostridium perfringens

-Clostridium tetani

-Clostridium botulinum

can be: Dietary Changes such as sudden changes of carbohydrates in your feed causing the gut biome to be interrupted, allowing the clostridium to grow and thrive.

Stress such as transportation or fawns being weaned from mom.

Unsanitary feed and water stations can contribute to the spread of clostridium.

Symptoms Include but are not limited to: Fever, scours, Lameness, discoloration of tissues or urine, loss of motor control, lack of appetite, lack of fecal output, muscle tightness/ trembles, lethargy, Anorexia, bloody diarrhea due to gastrointestinal hemorrhaging.

COCCIDIA BLOODY DIARRHEA

CRYPTOSPORIDIUM

Primarily Yellow-White Watery diarrhea, possibly containing mucus & black specks (digested blood).

Signs and symptoms are but are not limited to yellowwhite scours, fatigue, dehydration, rise in temperature, loss of appetite.

Often must tube feed during the healing process.

Administer Sub-Q fluids often.

E COLI White/yellow/gray poop

Smells like rotten chicken

outbreaks in your herd. Unclean feed troughs and water sources can allow spores to form and be ingested by your deer. If ingested, those deer can become infected and pass to dirt through feces or through milk to nursing fawn.

Antitoxins are made to help treat clostridium infections. It’s smart to have these antitoxins on hand to be able to act fast in the case of one of your deer becoming infected.

If in the chance you can catch the symptoms early enough you can try heavy doses of oral and IM Penicillin paired with oral probiotics. Powder probiotics can be top dressed onto feed; or mixed into milk in the case of bottle feeding.

Albon= Oral Suspension 5%

Day 1: 2.5mL/5 lbs.

Day 2: 1.25mL/5 lbs.

Day 3: 1.25mL/5 lbs.

! PROBIOTICS DAILY!

IF ALBON DOESN'T WORK TRY CORID NEXT

Nitazoxanide

(75 mg/kg per day, for 14 days)

PROBIOTICS DAILY!

Thiamine if loss of Motor control

Antitoxins are made to help treat clostridium infections. It’s smart to have these antitoxins on hand to be able to act fast in the case of one of your deer becoming infected.

CORID Drench = 1cc/20 lbs.

Nitazoxanide

(75 mg/kg per day, for 14 days)

PROBIOTICS DAILY!

Thiamine if loss of Motor control

Coccidia is a parasite that lives in the gut relying on the thiamine in the stomach to reproduce.

Polyflex (Ampicillin): 2mL/100 lbs.

Baytril: 1mL/10 lbs., given once daily for 72hrs

Doxycycline: 20mg/kg per day, for 10 days

Polyflex (Ampicillin): 2mL/100 lbs.

Baytril: 1mL/10 lbs. given once daily for 72hrs

Doxycycline: 20mg/kg per day, for 10 days

Cryptosporidiosis is a Zoonotic Disease, which is not commonly known. It is contracted via contaminated environment, ingestion of fecal contaminated food/water.

Escherichia coli is a bacterium that commonly resides within the healthy gut flora of animals. While most strains are benign, there are certain strains of E. coli that cause serious infections.

FLEAS Symptoms can include but are not limited to: Hair loss or bald patches, weight loss or lethargy, red fluffy rough coat, low soft saggy appearing abdominal region, scours, flea orbiting at skin, redness/irritation to skin/hotspots. Fleas can cause tapeworms if ingested by the deer.

Refer to Adult Treatment > Injectable: -Cydectin (Moxidectin) -Ivermectin -Etc.

Treatment for tapeworms: Fenbendazole oral suspension.

Pour-on/Dust: -Agricultural Grade Diatomaceous Earth -Cydectin Pour-on -Etc.

Use Organophosphates & Pyrethroids to treat Environment

Fleas are an external parasite that jumps from host to host, feeding off their blood supply, laying dozens of eggs per day within the host's coat.

Fleas and flea eggs can lay dormant for an extended period of time waiting on a new host to pass by.

FUSOBACTERIUM Signs and Symptoms include but are not limited to swelling of jaw/ face, drooling

HOOF ROT Signs and Symptoms include but are not limited to:

Swelling of the foot/hoof/fetlock, limping/ lameness, self-isolating, weight loss, drooling etc.

Hoof Rot tends to arise more commonly in a deer herd after rainy conditions.

SODIUM IODIDE:

0.5cc/20 lbs. SIVP Injection (Slow IV push)

Nuflor:

1.5cc/50 lbs. SQ for 3 days

SODIUM IODIDE: 3cc/100 lbs. SIVP Injection (Slow IV push)

Nuflor: 3cc /100 lbs. SQ for 3 days

Refer to Adult Treatment > 1. Knock down the affected deer.

2. Clean infected hoof free of dirt and pus.

3. Soak hoof iodine/warm water solution

4. Use curved tip syringe to flush out any remaining infection or holes that may have formed in the hoof. From the infection.

5. Coat the hoof with a generous layer of thrush buster. Blue substance. Make sure to wear gloves.

6. Treat deer with Tylan 200 (Tylosin) 5cc/100 lbs. and Excede 1.5cc/100 lbs.

*The success of the drugs listed above are dependent on the bacteria that was present in the hoof infection (in the presence of fusobacterium resort to nuflor and sodium iodide. *

Fusobacterium is a gramnegative bacterium Causing Infection and disfiguration of the facial features.

PNEUMONIA (MYCOPLASMA) RESPIRATORY ILLNESS

I see mostly at the end of summer through winter. Symptoms include but aren't limited to: Snot boogers, eye discharge, cough, ears back, fatigue, weight loss, rapid breathing, labored breathing, droopy ear, SWELLING IN JOINTS KNEES AND

Baytril: 1.75cc/50 lbs. IM FOR 3-5 DAYS

PROBIOTICS DAILY!

Baytril: 3.4cc/100 lbs. IM FOR 3-5 DAYS

PROBIOTICS DAILY!

Hoof Rot is primarily contracted when an animal with cracks or injuries to their hoof, walks through contaminated water or mud.

Two Most Common Causes:

-Dichelobacter nodosus -Fusobacterium necrophorum

Pneumonia is an infection within the lungs (one or multiple lobes), which causes inflammation potentially leading to the accumulation of fluid or pus within the lungs.

PNEUMONIA (PASTEURELLA)

SEVERE WEIGHT LOSS

RESPIRATORY ILLNESS

I See this mostly all year round. Heavy with fawns in weaning through winter. Symptoms include but aren't limited to: Snot boogers, eye discharge, cough, ears back, fatigue, weight loss, rapid breathing, labored breathing.

Severe Weight loss can present itself in any of your deer for multiple different reasons. Firstly, it’s important to act vigilantly, look at your deer’s symptoms and treat the problem accordingly. Once you have treated the initial problem you can try to help your deer gain weight back.

Draxxin: 0.5cc/50 lbs.

Zuprevo: 0.5cc/50 lbs.

Draxxin: 1cc/100 lbs.

Zuprevo: 1cc/100 lbs.

WORMS/PARASITES

Deer can have many types of worms and parasites, including lung worms, liver flukes, stomach worms, intestinal parasites, and coccidia.

It’s important to be knowledgeable in worms and parasites and how they are affecting your deer herd. It is also important to stay on top of managing this and doing regular deworming with the appropriate dewormers as preventive maintenance. Twice a year is substantial, but more could be required depending on your herd and the land you have them on.

MASTITIS Udder infection that mostly presents during fawning season.

Common Signs/Symptoms:

-Engorged/Swollen looking udder

-Redness around the teat and of the udder

-Holding back leg up tight to body

In equal portions feed the deer their normal deer feed, textured feed with molasses, calf manna. Also add ½-1 cup of shredded beet pulp. (Keep in mind beet pulp swells once it meets moisture. Be mindful of how much you add.) Mix and then top dress mixture with probiotic powder. Alfalfa is also a good ruffage to utilize to add weight and give energy boost to your deer.

Dectomax:1cc/110 lbs.

Safeguard oral suspension: Resort to back of bottle

Valbazen oral suspension: 1cc/25 lbs.

(Can cause blindness if not dosed appropriately) (Do not give to pregnant does)

Cydectin (Pour-On): 1cc/100 lbs. topically

Cydectin Injectable: 1cc/110 lbs.

Ivermectin (Injectable): 1cc/110 lbs.

Ivermectin (Pour-On): 1mL/22 lbs. topically

N/A

Dectomax:1cc/110 lbs.

Safeguard oral suspension: Resort to back of bottle

Valbazen oral suspension: 1cc/25 lbs.

(Can cause blindness if not dosed appropriately) (Do not give to pregnant does)

Cydectin (Pour-On): 1cc/100 lbs. topically

Cydectin Injectable: 1cc/110 lbs.

Ivermectin (Injectable): 1cc/110 lbs.

Ivermectin (Pour-On): 1mL/22 lbs. topically

1. Knock down doe

2. Wrap udders in a warm moist heat compress.

3. Milk doe to unclog ducts and release inflammation.

4. Treat/infuse the udders as directed with the medication “Today”

Pneumonia is an infection within the lungs (one or multiple lobes), which causes inflammation potentially leading to the accumulation of fluid or pus within the lungs.

Examples of illnesses or problems that can cause severe weight loss:

● Worms

● Pneumonia

● EHD

● Bacterial/parasit ic induced scours

● Major injury

● Etc.

Parasitic Infections can be characterized by internal or external parasites.

Common External Parasites: -Fleas, Mites & Ticks

Common Internal Parasites: -Roundworms, Tapeworms, Lung Worms, Coccidia, Liver Flukes,

An inflammatory response within the mammary gland (utter) of an animal, commonly due to a bacterial infection.

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FEEDING DIRECTIONS: WHITE-TAILED DEER:

• Fawns up to 1 week of age: Feed 16 oz. of formula daily, divided into 4 – 6 feeding.

• Fawns 1 week to 1 month of age: Feed 24 to 30 oz. of formula daily, divided into 4 feedings.

• Fawns 1 month to 2 months of age: Feed 30 to 35 oz. of formula daily, divided into 2 to 3 feedings.

• Fawns 2 months to weaning: Gradually decrease formula and number of feedings to approximately 15 oz. of formula once daily until fawn is fully weaned at 12 to 14 weeks of age. Provide a weaning diet and fresh clean water to the fawn.

For oral use only. These feeding directions are guidelines. As each animal is an individual, the feeding rate may be increased or decreased according to the needs of the neonate.

Feeding directions for other species can be found on our website.

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-Hardened & possibly painful udder

-Elevated Temp/Fever

-Reduced milk production -Abnormal milk consistency (thick, watery, or containing blood)

-Loss of Appetite/Weight loss

5. Give Excede SQ 1.5cc/100lbs

*I like to give vitamins with each directive given; IE: Vitamin C, B-Complex, and B-12*

FAWN PROCESSING PROTOCOL

1. OVERALL, FAWN PHYSICAL: Check eyes, ears, nose, mouth, rectum, penis/vaginal area, umbilical cord, and make sure the fawn has been fed!

2. DNA: Load DNA tube into DNA gun, punch hole into mid to lower ear. This will be your guide hole for your ear tag so choose the ear accordingly (Boys=Right Ear & Girls=Left Ear). Once the sample is punched, remove the tube, place it back into the white cardboard container, and label it with the appropriate fawn tag number/information.

3. TAG: Boys will get tagged in the right ear, and girls will get tagged in the left ear. Neatly write the pen number to which the fawn was born in and write the date of birth on the back of the tag. Spray the hole with iodine solution and coat the post of the button back with triple antibiotic ointment before applying the tag inside the ear.

4. TATTOO: Every fawn will get assigned a Unique ID at birth. Put the letters and numbers into the tattoo gun to match the fawns assigned Unique ID. You will then roll green ink into the ear opposite of the fawn’s tag. Then squeeze the tattoo gun firmly onto the inside of the fawn's ear. Be careful, make sure all letters will legibly stamp onto the ear before squeezing the gun.

5. MEDICATION/VACCINES: All deer farms have different processing protocols. Adding a mild vaccine as a prevention is up to you, the farmers, prerogative. Here’s an example of what was done last summer.

a. EXAMPLE:

i. 1cc SQ BOVINE PILI+C

ii. 0.5cc SQ EXCENEL

iii. 0.5cc IM BOSE

iv. 0.5cc IM B-COMPLEX

v. 2cc IM B-12

vi. 5cc ORAL FAWN PASTE (Right Start Plus Supplement Gel… Pictured to the Right) vii. IF THE FAWN IS BORN A TRIPLET, QUADRUPLET, OR QUINTUPLET; SAID FAWN SHOULD ALSO RECEIVE 0.1cc/1lb OF DEXAMETHASONE SP INTRAMUSCULAR.

6. IODINE SPRAY! Spray fawn’s navel and hooves with 7% IODINE before putting fawn back with its mother.

Fawn Care 101

1. EMPTY BELLIES: This means mom is not feeding the fawn and you might need to intervene at some point. It’s important to see that the fawn gets cared for by mom within the next few hours. Keep in mind it’s important to see that the fawn receives colostrum within the first 24-36 hours of life. I like to take note of the time the belly was empty.

2. CHEWED ON TAILS: This should be cleaned, sutured, and sprayed with Catron IV fly spray and immediately put back with mom.

3. FLY EGGS ON FAWNS: Fly Eggs look like tiny bunches of yellow rice granules. If you see this on one of your fawns, it’s important to remove the eggs, and examine the fawn well for any sign of more eggs, larvae, maggots etc. Keep in mind flies lay their eggs on a host who will provide an adequate food source for the larvae. This allows the larvae to immediately begin feasting once they hatch. Targets typically are dead or dying animals; or anything with a stench. Don’t hesitate to stop and ask yourself why the fly chose to lay eggs on THAT fawn.

4. UMBILICAL INFECTIONS: Clean and debride the area of any pus and earth elements, spray with iodine and immediately put back with mom.

5. FAWN LAYING IN SUN: If you see a fawn laying in the sun it’s important to move it into the shade, check the fawn’s hydration and potentially the fawn’s temperature if the fawn is showing signs of heat exhaustion.

6. UMBILICAL HERNIA: Sometimes the abdominal muscles don't close completely after the umbilical cord passes through them during gestation or after doe chews umbilical cord after birth causing tissues and intestines to rest on the epidermal layer instead of being held behind the abdominal muscles that hold together the abdominal cavity. If tended to early enough the deer farmer might.

7. TAG INFECTIONS: Putting a tag or any object that doesn’t naturally belong in an animal's ear is bound to cause an issue at some point in time due to the body trying to reject and push out the foreign object. Not often but it does happen occasionally. Cut the tag out and clean the infected area with iodine and a toothbrush until it’s bleeding and rid of all pus. Flush the wound thoroughly. Top dress the wound with LA300 (oxytetracycline) and give 0.5cc Excede Sub-Q behind the infected ear.

BOTTLE FEEDING FAWNS

BOTTLE FEEDING FAWNS CAN BE A CHALLENGE BUT VERY REWARDING AS WELL. Majority of the time when having to pull a fawn for the bottle program, they aren't being fed by mom. Wild animals like whitetails just know when something is wrong with their offspring and majority of the time will neglect and put their focus and energy towards the baby that IS healthy. A clean-living environment for said fawn is very important in the bottle raising process, because the fawns you are bringing in are either already sick or immunocompromised due to not receiving colostrum.

Weaning From Bottle Protocol (Give each of these once the fawn has been weaned off bottles):

● 0.5cc/50 lbs. EXCEDE SQ

● 0.5cc/50 lbs. DECTOMAX IM

● 0.5cc SAFEGUARD ORAL SUSPENSION

BUCKLED KNEES AND KNUCKLED OVER FEET

Fawns are born with weak and still maturing joints. Some joints will have the tendency to bow outwards or buckle inwards. This can correct itself during fawn growth/maturation. However, some cases may require secondary assistance depending on the fawn's severity.

“LUMPY JAW”

TREATMENT

1cc LA200 AND 0.5cc B-COMPLEX EVERYDAY FOR 3 DAYS

SPLINTING IS OPTIONAL BUT WE PREFER TO DO DEPENDING ON THE CASE AND SEVERITY.

Lumpy jaw is a very broad-spectrum name for numerous things that could be wrong all of which are treated differently.

COMPACTION

Round but bumpy appearance on the side of the jaw.

TREATMENT

1. Knock down and pull grass/debris out of the cheek.

2. Clean with gentle iodine.

3. Medicate with Excede 1.5cc/100 lbs. SQ

WORMS

Soft/Jiggly underneath the jaw. No active infection in mouth.

TREATMENT

-Dectomax 1cc/100 lbs IM &

-Safeguard oral suspension (As directed on the back of the bottle.)

FUSOBACTERIUM OR TRUEPERELLA BACTERIUM

TREATMENT

-Sodium Iodide 0.5cc/20 lbs. SIVP Injection (Slow IV push) &

-Nuflor 1.5cc/50 lbs. SQ for 3 days

Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD)

This viral disease is transmitted via Culicoides spp. also known as the biting midge.

Symptoms of EHD in Deer include:

● Elevated Temp/Fever, Laying in or dunking head in water troughs.

● Edema of the ocular region/head, neck, and tongue

● Excessive salivation

● Ataxic presentation/ Loss of coordination

● Hemorrhaging from mucosal areas

● Lethargic & Loss of appetite

● Death commonly occurs shortly after onset of symptoms

Day 1:

Day 2:

Day 3:

Day 4:

Day 5:

-Draxxin (Tulathromycin) 1cc/100 lbs. IM, -Zuprevo (Tildipirosin) 1cc/100 lbs. IM - 2 MG Dexamethasone 1cc/100 lbs.

-Banamine (flunixin meglumine)1cc/100 lbs.

-B-12 injectable solution 1cc/100 lbs.

-Draxxin (Tulathromycin) 1cc/100 lbs. IM

-2 MG Dexamethasone 1cc/100 lbs.

-Banamine (flunixin meglumine)1cc/100 lbs.

-B-12 injectable solution 1cc/100 lbs.

-2 MG Dexamethasone 1cc/100 lbs.

-Vitamin C 1cc/100 lbs.

*EHD is a day-by-day battle. This is a base guideline of what I have seen to be the most effective with highest success numbers. Additional treatment varies by case and deer and how EHD is affecting them and their body. *

ANTLER INFECTIONS

Antler Infections occurs when opportunistic bacteria enter the antler or its supporting structures via wound/ injury sites. There are multiple strains of bacterial that can cause Antler Infections.

Two Most Common Types: -Truperella pyogenes -Actinomyces pyogenes

This occurs when opportunistic bacteria enter the antler or its supporting structures via wound/ injury sites. To talk about the different types of antler infections, I’m going to divide them into three categories to discuss them more clearly.

Superficial head/base infection

Most commonly arises during the rut in October-January due to bucks sparring. You’ll notice scabs and pus around the base of the pedicle on the top of the buck’s head. This alone is mostly nonthreatening

Under the pedicle infection

This type of infection is also most common while in hard horn. Started out on top of the head with a superficial wound/injury and the infection slowly spread and went deeper. This often can cause major eye swelling in one or both eyes, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, loss of vision, and in some cases loss of motor control.

In Velvet Antler infections

This type of infection arises more in the summer months from August-October. Causes the same way from any wounds/injury/nicks to velvet that allows bacteria to enter the antler. During these months the antler is very vascular in the growing process. It is important to look at your bucks’ antlers and check for wounds and small amounts of pus along beams/tines of antlers and be vigilant in tackling the problem to aid in the prevention of the infection spreading into the bloodstream via the vascular system in the antlers.

In some cases, you might need to intervene and debride and clean with 7% iodine and give additional antibiotics

2. Clean infection the best you can

3. Start an IV on the buck. It’s important that it is Intravenous and not Sub-q fluids.

Add the following to the bag before starting your drip.

● 6cc Sodium iodide

● 5cc (2mg Dexamethasone)

● 10cc Vitamin B-12

In addition to:

Keep buck in sick stall and give Nuflor for 3 days

Day 1: 12cc Nuflor SQ

Day 2: 9cc Nuflor SQ

Day 3: 6cc Nuflor SQ

*Giving Nuflor for three days in a row is very important to see that it can have the opportunity to cross the blood brain barrier and do the required job needed. *

2. Band, cut, and cauterize both antlers to eliminate infection becoming more life threatening to deer.

3. Start an IV on the buck. (It’s important that it is Intravenous and not Sub-q fluids.)

Add the following to the bag before starting your drip.

● 6cc Sodium iodide

● 5cc (2 mg Dexamethasone)

● 10cc Vitamin B-12

In addition to:

Keep buck in sick stall and give Nuflor for 3 days

-Day 1: 12cc Nuflor SQ

-Day 2: 9cc Nuflor SQ

-Day 3: 6cc Nuflor SQ

*Giving Nuflor for three days in a row is very important to see that it can have the opportunity to cross the blood brain barrier and do the required job needed. *

COMBINING DRUGS IN DARTS

Mixing compatible meds can be beneficial by having fewer injection sites for your deer, decreasing the risk for infection. Not to mention being cost efficient in saving the extra dart. On the contrary some Medications can have severe contraindications and should NOT be mixed together.

Compatible Draxxin (Tulathromycin)

Incompatible Draxxin (Tulathromycin)

Incompatible Gentamicin

Incompatible Excede (Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid)

Zuprevo (Tildipirosin)

Dexamethasone

Zactran (Gamithromycin)

Banamine (Flunixin meglumine)

Incompatible Aqueous Based vitamins Oil Based Vitamins

*If there are any drugs not mentioned above that you are unsure can be mixed within a dart or an IV bag, be sure to consult with a Veterinary Medical Professional *

VACCINATING YOUR DEER HERD

Vaccinating your deer is a very controversial thing in the deer industry. Some people do it, and some don’t. It’s all up to you as the farmer. I personally think it’s very beneficial in your preventative maintenance care. If you are getting started in the deer breeding business this might be a question you ask the farms you visit while purchasing some of your first deer, you add to your farm. Ask them if they vaccinate, and if so, what is their vaccine protocol? Keep in mind, what works for the deer on their farm might not work for those same deer at your farm. Since they will be on different soil surrounded by different potential bacteria, diseases, worms, and parasites.

CHOOSING THE APPROPRIATE VACCINES FOR YOUR HERD

Pay attention to the problems that arise in your deer herd and pick your vaccines according to eliminating those problems. For example, taking over management of our deer herd we learned very quickly we needed to vaccinate for Fusobacterium, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Pasteurella pneumonia, Clostridium C&D, Clostridium Type A, Etc.

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Provides optimal levels of magnesium, Vitamin B1 and inositol to promote calmness and provide help for restless animals

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Use PeaceMaker to “keep the peace” during pre-rut, rut, transportation, weaning and anytime destructive behavior may occur

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Use in does before fawning, during lactation and all cervids during times of environmental stress

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Helps maintain normal digestive health

Supports a healthy immune system

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Conclusion

There are hundreds of ways that Whitetail Deer and other exotic species can become injured or ill on a daily basis. Every animal is different, just like each farm is different. All the treatments above may work for your herd, or none of them may work for your herd. With 1000+ deer, we still learn things about our herd every day. So, there is no one specific way to treat an animal if the treatment works, or that you can say with a clear conscience that you gave that animal your 100% best effort for it to survive. So, with all the information above, if we can just help someone save one extra animal by providing them with a piece of information they didn't have before, then we have succeeded and did our jobs.

Deer Farming is one of the most fulfilling, yet emotionally taxing jobs that a person or family can have. There’s an old saying that “It takes a village to raise a child”. If the saying holds true, then as Deer Farmers we must come together to help one another, because “It will take a country to raise thousands of deer”!

Please don’t hesitate to reach out to us if you ever have any questions at all. We would love to dive deeper into the medical side of things, spread our knowledge or gain some that would benefit us as well.

- Dr. Anthony Farmer, DVM & McKenzie Gunter

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My Most Memorable Hunt

John and Zach had an awesome hunt with three great bucks to show!

Drew Lawson harvested this nice buck in Kansas

Ashley Moore and daugher Kelsie Lawson harvested these nice bucks in Kansas Father - Daughter hunt

Wow Kevin, really nice 8 point!

Tracy Moore with a nice Alabama Buck

SETDA BOD,Tim Cromwell with his best wild free range Florida buck

Samantha with her best bow kill whitetail was made more special having her family with her to witness her sucess

To have your Most Memorable Hunt featured in the next Southeast Tines send a photo and a short story to deerassociations@gmail.com. Subject line should be “My Most Memorable Hunt”.

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