Introduction for Individual Design Work
YI ZHONG MAUD 14-15 Poster 1
Review for the Master Plan (From Group Work) ● Key Theme: Diversity Vision:
Albany Road
The site in the future will be a multi-cultural based, food featured and safe, green, colourful destination for people to come and live in
KEY SPACES
Plasnewydd & Albany
City & Albany
Mackintosh
Sport Garden
Plasnewydd Road
Gaiety Leisure Complex
Byron & Plasnewydd
C
Pocket Park
Vendor Area City Road
Shelly Gardens
Sport Garden strengthen education and shopping cluster with similar or complementary uses;
introduce traffic calming measures such as crossings and shared spaces;
introduce traffic calming measures such as crossings and shared spaces;
SPEED
SPEED
DUANG
SCHOOL
SPEED
SPEED
SCHOOL
strengthen education and shopping cluster with similar or complementary uses;
SPEED
Individual Deisgn Site
SPEED
SPEED
introduce traffic calming measures such as crossings SPEEDand shared spaces;
SPEED DUANG
strengthen the 24-hour night time economy;
identify possible alternative routes for pedestrian and cyclists;
identify possible alternative routes for pedestrian and cyclists;
SCHOOL
B
SCHOOL
SPEED
SPEED B
B
B
City & Newport
SPEED
Art Focal Points A
introduce street furniture that is representative
MASTER PLAN
A
A
Traffic Interventions
A
identify possible alternative routes for pedestrian and cyclists;
strengthen the 24-hour night time economy;
B
better integration of cycle path and parking in Tstreet design;
provide opportunities for pop-up uses.
better integration of cycle path and parking in Tstreet design;
Public Realm Improvements Shared Surface Main Green Link Secondary Green Link Color Intervention Main Opportunity Space Secondary Opportunity Space Main Opportunity Space Secondary Opportunity Space
B
introduce street furniture that is representative of many cultures outdoor activity
Selected Strategies From the Master Plan: STRATEGY: 1. IncreaseCONNECTIVITY visual diversity 2. Increase functional diversity A
A
concert area
introduce traffic calming measures as crossings shared spaces; introduce traffic calming measures suchsuch as crossings andand shared spaces; driving driving cycle lane cycle lane parking parking pedestrian lane pedestrian lane
driving and cycle driving and cycle lane
parking
lane
parking
pedestrian lane
pedestrian lane
A
driving driving parking parking cycle lane cycle lane pedestrian lane pedestrian lane
B
C
driving driving cycle lane cycle lane parking parking pedestrian lane pedestrian lane
market
provide opportunities for pop-up uses.
lane
lane
parking
pedestrian lane
better integration of cycle path and parking in Tstreet design;
market
A
SPEED SPEED 2. Wider pavement and narrow carriage way; Wider pavement and narrow carriage way;
1.impact Reduce the impact reduce the of on-street parking; of on-street parking;
B
parking
SPEED SPEED
SPEED SPEED p a r k i n g
p a r k i n g
parking
p a r k i n g
SPEED SPEED
Before
parking
parking
parking
parking
parking
parking
p a r k i n g
parking
driving driving cycle lane cycle lane parking parking pedestrian lane pedestrian lane
market
Before
market After
identify possible alternative routes forand pedestrian and cyclists; strengthen education shopping cluster with similar or complementary identify possible alternative routes foreducation pedestrian and cyclists; Wider pavement and uses; narrow uses; carriage way; strengthen and shopping cluster with similar or complementary 4. Identify possible alternative routes for pedestrian and cyclists;
driving and cycle driving and cycle
parking
lane
lane
parking pedestrian lane
pedestrian lane
A
B
DUANGDUANG
introduce flexible spaces that facilitate positive an
Food festival
driving driving parking parking cycle lane cycle lane pedestrian lane pedestrian lane
B
C
Culture show
reduce the impact of on-street
parking; introduce traffic calming measures such assuch crossings and shared spaces;spaces; introduce traffic calming measures as crossings and shared
5. Introduce traffic calming measures such as crossings and shared spaces; parking
introduce flexible spaces that facilitate positive and meaningful interaction among different cultural groups A
B p a r k i n g
SCHOOL SCHOOL
p a r k i n g
A
parking
parking
SPEED SPEED
SPEED SPEED
parking
Criteria for Choosing Individual Design Sites A
Turn vacant plots into multi-functional places
More green spaces
parking
A
A
1. Beneficial Location
Before
After
Before
2. Great Capability for Indicating Diversity
After
At least one of the sites should be highly accessible forroutesthe public and located in an identifyidentify possible alternative for pedestrian and cyclists; possible alternative routes for pedestrian and cyclists; eye-catching place to be the face of this scheme
strengthen the 24-hour night time strengthen the 24-hour nighteconomy; time economy; better integration of cycle parking in Tstreet design; better integration of cycle pathpath andand parking in Tstreet design;
B
B
B
Indivisual Design Sites 1
1. Gaiety Cinema and Surrounding Area A
A
The sites should be able to enhance the diversity visually, functionally, culturally 1 and even emotionally
A
B
C
D
If one is for public then another one should be less public and more accessible for local residents to use D
2. Pocket Park (temporary name)
E
F
1
driving and cycle driving and cycle driving driving driving driving driving and cycle driving and cycle driving driving driving lane lane cycle lanedriving parking parking cycle lane parking parking lane lane cycle lane parking parking cycle lane cycle lane parking parking parking cycle lane parking parking lane cycle lane lane parkingpedestrian lane pedestrian lane pedestrian lane pedestrian cycle lane pedestrian lane pedestrian pedestrian lane pedestrian lane pedestrian lane pedestrian lane pedestrian lane pedestrian lane
A
A
B
B
provideprovide opportunities for pop-up uses. uses. opportunities for pop-up
C
C
better better integration of cycleofpath parking in Tstreet design;design; integration cycleand path and parking in Tstreet
reduce impact of on-street parking; reduce the the impact of on-street parking; parking parking
parking parking
outdoor activity outdoor activity p a r k i n g
p a r k i n g
p a r k i n g
p a r k i n g
parking parking
parking parking
concert area concert area
parking parking
parking parking
market market market market
Wider Wider pavement and narrow carriage way; way; pavement and narrow carriage
Gaiety Cinema
KEY WORDS GREAT LOCATION LOCAL LANDMARK HIGHLY ACCESSIBLE
driving and cycledriving driving cycledriving and cycle driving driving andand cycle driving driving driving driving driving driving lane cycle lane cycle lanecycle lane cycle lane parking parking lanelane lane parking parking parking parking parking parking parking cycle lane cycle lane parking parking cycle lane cycle lane parking pedestrian lane pedestrian lane pedestrian pedestrian lane pedestrian pedestrian lane pedestrian lane lane pedestrian lane lane pedestrian lane pedestrian lane pedestrian lane pedestrian lane
A
B
A
C
B
reducereduce the impact of on-street parking; the impact of on-street parking;
City Road
p a r k i n g
p a r k i n g
p a r k i n g
p a r k i n g
parking
parking
parking
parking
C
parking
parking
parking
parking
The currently vacant Gaiety Cinema is located just along the City Road and is one of the main local landmarks in the whole area. There are five vacant plots surrounding it and the reuse of Gaiety Cinema is expected to work as a catalyst for them. Thus, Gaiety Cinema and the surrounding plots will work as one to be the main driver for the regeneration of City Road and enhance the diversity for the whole area parking
parking
parking
parking
E
3. Complementary to Each Other
B
2 A
B
3. Introduce flexible spaces that facilitate positive and meaningful interaction among different cultural groups;
SPEED SPEED
SPEED SPEED
A
INTERACTIO
Identify existing cultural interaction spaces and create a such network of spaces; furniture and 2. Provide activities Use 1.multi-cultural landscape elements asnewstreet road art fortocultural exchange and dance; represent the multi-cultural background of the community
2
parking
B
SCHOOL SCHOOL
STRATEGY: CULTRUAL 3. Increase Cultural diversity
concert area
After
B
Reuse the vacant plot and properties and reinforce the existing food corridor in CIty Road, add more green elements to the area and more functions to the streets and roads
outdoor activity
parking
parking
C
of cycle path and parking in street design; reduce the impact3.ofBetter on-streetintegration parking;
Enhance the legibility in key places and add more local landmarks parking
driving driving parking parking cycle lane cycle lane pedestrian lane pedestrian lane
driving and cycle driving and cycle
parking
pedestrian lane
Galler
KEY WORDS LOW-KEY LOCATION SMALL SIZE QUIET ENVIRONMENT The so-call "Pocket Park" in the master plan now is a vacant plot which is located in a peaceful residential area. Compared with the public and open attribute of the old Gaiety Cinema, this site has a more private and quiet nature, which can be functionally complementary to the former one and enhance the diversity in a totally different way
2
Design Brief for Gaiety Cinema
YI ZHONG MAUD 14-15 Poster 2
General Site Analysis ★
active frontage inactive frontage local landmark sunny place
Gaiety Cinema
Elevation of City Road
Gaiety Cinema
★ ★
City Road
Pub
This deisgn site includes the Gaiety Cinema (will only propose a strategy for it), the surrounding vacant plots & alley way, and part of the City Road.
Site Analysis a
Residential Commercial Garage & car repairing
1
Strength: The rich history of being used as cinema & bingo hall and its unique appearance makes it one of the famous landmarks in City Road Weakness: The interior structure is fixed, which constrains many new functions to be introduced Opportunity: A great capability of being transforming into cultural complex to accommodate gallery, workshop, studio and book store. Threat: Desinger must be careful when introduce new functions to such a large buildling, otherwise it can turn out to be a failure
Gaiety Cinema
Gaiety Cinema
1
2 e
a
This T-junction is important since it connnects City Road and Gate Art Centre. It should be reinforced as a linkage between them
b d
3 b
c
This part of City Road is too broad, where some extra space can be reused
e
c
d
Strength: All the vacant plots already have a flat and painted surface, which is easy to be reconstructed Weakness: Four vacant plots are located along the alley way and are hard to be noticed
2
Vacant Plots
Opportunity: There are possibilities to put some complementary function to these plots to support the Gaiety Cinema Opportunity: There are possibilities to put some complementary function to these plots to support the Gaiety Cinema Threat: The secret location and the residential environment will put limitation to the design
All the vacant plots are faced with residential facades, so noise should be taken into consideration when design the solution for the vacant plots
The entrance for the alley way, which is The alley way behind the Gaiety Cinema is poorly narrow and low-key and need to be more eyecatching to tell people somthing is happenning maintained and badly in need of improvement inside
3
City Road
Strength: One of the main road in Cardiff and close to the city centre, which ensure the relatively big people flow Weakness: It's currently only used as a "link", the street funiture is poorly maintained and lack multiple-functional uses
Precedent 1: Urban Spree, Berlin
Opportunity: It can act as the 'Gateway' for this design site and draw more attention for this deisgn site. Furthermore, this part of City Road is too broad for two carrige ways so some spaces on the road have the potential to be reused
Site Plan
Urban Spree is now the home of an art gallery, a concert hall plus a vibrant club scene, a bar and several amazing artist studios on the top floor. The main sqaure acts as an out-door stage, holding various activities, ranging from place for clothing stalls, dancing floor to food vender square
Main Road
clubs
multipleuse space book store gallery pub
Threat: The design must consider the situation of peak hour, which brings the limitation to the design
urban Beer garden climbing
railway
Precedent 2: Huellas Artes,Chile
Design Brief
The polyethylene painting on the floor delight the space, combine with the function of evacuating people flow from the subway entrance, this space has become a local landmark and a very popular destination for young people to meet
● Reuse Gaiety Cinema to be a leisure or cultural centre for local residents or even Cardiff citizens to hang out or relax ● Reuse the Surrounding vacant plots to functionally surpport the new Gaiety Centre ● Add more green and more parking places to meet the demands from the community (obtained this information from community involvement)
Design Concept (for the Whole Site): Alive Theatre
● Build a connection point at the junction to link Gaiety Cinema and Gate Art Centre ● Reuse the extra space on City Road (within the site) and use road art or shared-surface pavement to make it more legible and attractive ● Landscape the alley way behind the Gaiety Cinema and landscape every entrance of it to make them more eye-catching
The "alive theatre" is the concept to organise all the open spaces surrounding the old Gaiety Cinema, which is to give the plots a new mode to work together and surpport each other
"BACK STAGE" — PLOT 2,3,4 and 5
Design Concept (for Plot 1): Alive Stage
— Drama? Stage? Life!
Plot 5
Plot 3
Plot 2 Plot 4
Gaiety Centre Plot 1
"STAGE" — PLOT 1
Life is like drama. The aim of urban design is to create the stage for the drama, to let people be the actor who perform their own life. The proposal will introduce design concepts from stage design and let it lead the whole design process to seek the best solution for the design site (plot 1, next to old Gaiety Cinema)
City Road
"FOYER" — CITY ROAD
“Audience“ and ”Actors” In drama context, the relationship between audience and actors is fixed and only in some occasion the actors would go down to audience area and interact with them In urban design context: People watch and are watched, so they can convert from these two roles freely
Urban Deisgn for Gaiety Centre
YI ZHONG MAUD 14-15 Poster 3
Strategy for Recycling Plot 2,3,4,5 Plot 2
Strategy for Recycling the old Gaiety Cinema In the Master Plan from the group work, the old Gaiety Cinema was expected to be transforming to a new leisure complex, which is single-functional and not very responsive to the local context. Thus, in this proposal, the old Gaiety Cinema is expected to be a cultural complex (Gaiety Centre) which includes design studios, workshops for young artist, book store and second-hand record store, and always affordable. It aims to serve the cultural needs from the local community and attract students from Cathays to bring more vitality to regenerate this area. With the operation of this cultural complex, it is also very hopeful to improve City Road's status in the cultural map of Cardiff
Master Plan
Plot 4
Plot 5
These plots currently belong to private properties but left vacant. Thus, to get them into use, various methods can be implemented by local authorities: the community commitee of Plasnewydd can sign a leasing contract with the landlord to get the right to use the land and offer the landlord some special privilege such as private exclusive car parking place; Also, if conditions allow, local authority can purchase the land and turn it into permenant public place
TO
"Foyer": City Road Reconstruction NY
O ALB
City Road acts like the gateway for the project. Shared surface is introduced to slow down the vehicles and make it easier for pedestrian to cross, and it spreads to the east to lead the eyes to the Gate Arts Centre, which connects Gaiety and Gate visually. Isolation strips in the middle of the road provides space for decorative lamps and acts as a stopover point when pedestrian cross
D ROA
"ALIVE STAGE"
3
"Alive Stage": Plot 1
E
TO
"BACK STAGE CORRIDOR"
Plot 3
RS E AT T A G
TR CEN
As the major project of this scheme, the landscape design follows the concept of "alive stage" from the design brief and works as a generator for public life, which will be explained in more detail in the next poster
"FOYER"
4 2
"Back Stage Corridor": Gloss Alley Way
The colourful polyethylene painting makes the narrow shabby alley way become alive and it will work as a linkage to connect the stage and back stages. The colours are originally from the South American traditional clothes
5
"BACK STAGES" 6
"Back Stage": Green Gardens
Green gardens will functionally support the Gaiety Centre, providing outdoor space for the artists to hold exhibition or use it as outdoor workshop. The gardens also can provide local residents with space for temporary uses such as outdoor cafe or sunbath (from the group work strategy "Pop-up Urbanism"). The trees on the edge of the gardens act as the barrier between public space and private space
1
"Back Stage": Parking Garden
7
The Parking Garden is a response to the Community Involvement, where residents express their demands for more parking space. Combined with the demand for "green", this garden will be flexibly used to meet the needs from the community
N
Sequence of Spaces (Eye-level)
1
2
At this cross road, people will see the decorative lamp lies on the direction to Gaiety Centre
4
The colourful polyethylene painting makes the narrow shabby alley way become alive, leading people to the Green Gardens ("back stage")
3
Key elements: shared surface street, isolation belt, decorative lamp and bicyle parking port The shared surface provide pedestrian a convenient way to cross and also emphasize the special character of the place
5
Flexibly used spaces, which can be out-door workshop for Gaiety artists and also can provide local residents with space for temporary uses such as outdoor cafe or sunbath (from the group work strategy "Pop-up Urbanism")
Key elements: food vendors, shared surface street The street side of "alive stage" provides oppotunities for food vendors, which enhance the existing food corridor in City Road
6
Parking function is combined with green elements, this garden will be flexibly used to meet the needs from the community
7
Shared surface and graffiti paiting delight the space and makes it more eye-catching
Urban Design for Gaiety Centre
YI ZHONG MAUD 14-15 Poster 4 Bird's View
(Special Explanation for "Alive Stage")
Master Plan of "Alive Stage" alley way: "backstage corridor"
plot 1: "alive stage" City Road: "Foyer"
A new entrance will be open on the side facade of Gaiety Centre, which will bring more people flow to the site
Floorscape Material & Cultural Icons
Stripes from the traditonal South American braided fabric, birds totem from ancient Egyptian mural, decorative pattern from Japanese dry stone garden and the white, black and red stripes remind people of some certain country in North Africa. These cultural icons are all painted on the floor with polyethylene, which not only enhance the visual diversity, but also represent the multi-cultural background of the community
N
wooden terrace
polyethylene
existing tree
wooden bench
The Transformation of "Audience & Actors"
wifi tree
wooden bench
terrace disabled ramp
Daily Using Strategy outdoor cinema
hang out with friends
street food
Lighting Strategy side facade of Gaiety Centre
side entance of Gaiety City Road
Permanent lighting strategy: Stage light hanging on the side wall of Gaiety Centre, providing high-efficient lighting during the evening and reinforcing the concept of "stage"
outdoor cinema screen audience area
sight line
performance area mini concert on the terrace wifi tree provides internet place for street artists
Temporary lighting strategy: colourful bulbs, lanterns or decorative lights, depends on the theme of the activities
Using Strategy: Keep it chaning, Keep it alive! Cooperate with local graffiti school, the Plasnewydd community committee can hold graffiti competition every year, the champion will earn the chance to select one part of the pattern on the ground and repaint it. The repainting must follow rules given by the commitee, such as : must include multicultural icon or must represent the spirit of the community
How it works in master strategy?
weekly
Gaiety Centre
This scheme will keep Alive Stage changing yearly, like organism has constant metabolism, which can also be interpreted as a metaphor for today's urban environment. Through this way, the tie between community and the site can be strengthened. The changing pattern will be a topic of the community every year to get everyone on board, which is also a way to unite the community
Eye-level View
daily
What's happening? monthly
Mackintosh Centre meeting friends
weekend party
Gaiety Multicultural Exhibition
Shelly Garden
Multicultural Sensory Garden
buy street food
street music
weekend outdoor cinema Gaiety Multicultural Food Festival
second hand market
Gaiety Book Fair
Gaiety Centre and its surroundings aim to provide people an affordable place for cultural leisure, which is complementary to the existing Gate Arts Centre. Together they are expected to improve the cultural atmosphere of City Road area
Section Alive Stage
Green Garden
Gloss Alley Way
show & cinema space
entrance evacuation space
food vendor space
pedestrian way
isolation belt
pedestrian way
Design Brief for Multi-cultural Sensory Garden
YI ZHONG MAUD 14-15 Poster 5
Site Analysis 1
★
2
site active frontage inactive frontage local landmark sunny place View sight
Surrounding Analysis a
Residential Commercial Site Garage & car repairing
★
b
Pub
c
a
1
d The pub at the corner is a local landmark for residents and is also where they meet friends
e
b
f 2 The main residential street of this area, but is not directly linking to the site
e
f
c
d
Strength: The site has a formal shape which is easy to define the boundary; The surrounding houses are low so the sunshine can reach most of the site
The west entrance of the back alley The back alley way, which is along the The east entrance of the back alley way, The residential alley way goes all the way way, graffiti put a sense of vibrant to the northern boundary of the site, is totally which is narrow and shady, not inviting at down to the site dead space all environment
Bridge Garden, Xi'an, China
Liu Garden, Suzhou, China This is a classical garden. The designers use walls, trees, flowers, stones and interesting facilities to create the diversity of the sensory feelings. When the visitors go though, different kinds of sensory feeling will be revealed. and the twisted route not only enhance the sense of mystery, but also solve the problem of the small size
Sensory Map of Liu Garden
corridor
pond garden: see, hear
shady
narrow
spacious bright
delightful
section
Design Brief attractions: smell
quiet
The desingers use bamboo forest to create a strong Asian cultural atmosphere, which creates an interesting experience for foreign visitors. Meanwhile, the bridges go up and down also represent the up and down in life
stone garden: see, smell
attractions: hear
entrance
bustling
Opportunity: The low-key location can be an opportunity if used properly, proposals such as secret garden, sensory garden or healing garden can be taken into consideration Threat: Security problem may be caused if design unproperly because the site lack surveillant
Precedents
town street
Weakness: The location of the site is deep in the residential area, which is a little hard to find, and no public place is directly next to site, which indicates the site will have a problem of the lack of people flow
narrow
misterious
confusing
interesting
bonsai garden: see, touch bright
magnificent
surprising
small
unique
● Use the low-key location as an opportunity to create an rich sensory experience for the visitors ● Stimulate as many senses as possible, such as smell, hear and even touch and taste ● Ensure the visual corridor for the surveillance to advoid security problems ● Response to the demands from the children: more "interesting places" are requested by children during the Community Involvement ● Use native species as much as possible when doing the planting design ● The design should be understood by all the culture
Design Concept: Sensory Experience & Multi-Cultural Background
As the reponse to the demand for green from the community, the garden is expected to use green elements as much as possible, which combine with the multi-cultural background of the community, a proposal of bring plants from all of the world can be an ideal choice. Meanwhile, add more sensory experience can be a way to enhance the diverse experience and bring more attractions to the site
Design Principles Use twisted path to link various sensory experience
Various Sensory Experience
hear
see
touch
smell
taste
imagine
site path hear see smell touch
Bamboo remind people of east Asia, lavender remind people of the Mediterranean area. Use various plants to represent various culture
Urban Design for Multi-Cultural Sensory Garden
YI ZHONG MAUD 14-15 Poster 6
Master Plan 1:500 How it works in Masterplan? Compared with Shelly Garden, Multi-cultural Sensory Garden focus more on the multicultural back ground of the community and has more green elements. Through introducing activities differ from Shelly Garden does, the Garden enhance diversity both functionally and visually
2
General Master Plan
S1
Gaiety Centre Mackintosh Centre
S2
1
Shelly Garden
Multicultural Sensory Garden
★ Pub
N
Strategies for Surrounding 1
Sections
2
S1
Vertical green landscapes the garage wall along the path leading to the garden
Moss pavement landscapes the back alley way, where sunshine cannot reach and only moss can grow S2
Master Plan 1:200 N
Step stones Round-shape green house
Palm tree + English flower boarder White birch + English flower garden
Dry fountain Ruble pavement
Sitting facilities
Children farm
Swing
Bamboo + English flower boarder
Fountain + sitting
Cypress + English flower garden
Interesting facilities
Flower field
Urban Design for Multi-Cultural Sensory Garden
YI ZHONG MAUD 14-15 Poster 7
What's happening? Explanation for Materials
Exploded View
Leisure
Sensory experience and multi-cultural features are two main themes of this garden, with reasonable arrangement, various materials will contribute to the themes and eventually achieve the goal of diversity Pavement layer
enhance sensory experience
2
enhance multi-cultural characters
double functions
1
2
The rubble pavement of the path can create the crack sound when people walk on it, and its bump surface also provide different walking experience
The brick pavement on the edge of this round space defines the boundary and give the sense of rough quality
1
2
Spacious grass space provide opportunities for various community daily activities: children playing, family barbecue, yoga or sun bath
1
Facility layer
1 3
2
4
The stone round bench is made from Mediterranean stone with simple car ve, which represent the Mediterranean cultural atmosphere
The fountain is made from white-colour concrete which represent the white cliffs in South England, and the fountain itself also makes the sound of water
3
4
Urban Farming
Children farm and Mediterranean hurb field provide ideal place for urban farming. Food from Children Farm can be sent to the Gaiety Multicultural Food Festival and the spice from hurb field can be award for residents
Education
Plant layer
3
4
The sandpit is surounded by a wooden-board circle, whose rough surface can provide different touching experience from the sand or grass
1
2
Children farm acts as a main sensory generator, when children can see, touch, smell and taste
Mini bamboo forest represent Asian culture, and it will also make noise when the wind comes
Children will learn from the process of farming and maintaining. The African plant greenhouse can be leased to local educational organization to benefit more children at Cardiff, which can also decrease the cost for maintainance
3
2
5
Columnar sculpture with bells hang on them, which can generate the bell sound when the wind comes
4 1
Cypress, Mediteranean hurb filed and palm trees comprise the Mediterranean section, at the same time the hurb field also brings flower smells
5
White birch from Russia provide a scene from another dimension, the mini birch forest will also work as barrier between the garden and the house next to it
Bird's View see
hear
touch
taste
smell
The African plant greenhouse presents the plants from African desser t and the succulent plants provides different touching experience for people
Eye-level View