STUDIO AIR 2017, SEMESTER 1,David Wegmen Danika Pandinata
Table of Contents 3 A.0 Introduction 5 A1. Design Futuring
6 Predecent 1 : Ningbo Cultural museum
7 Predecent 2 : Manuel Gea Gonzรกlez Hospital
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A2. Design Computation
10 Predecent 1 : Al Bahr Towers Responsive Facade
11 Predecent 2 : Carbon fibre pavillion
13 A3. Composition / Generaton
14 Predecent 1 : Seed Cathedral
15 Predecent 2 : Water Cube
16 A4. Conclusion 17 A5. Design Reflection 18 A6. Appendix - Algorithmic sketchbook 20 A7. Reference
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Hi, my name is
Danika Pandinata I am studying Bachelor of Environments majoring in Architecture. I came from an Interior design background in Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore. Currently, my experience with digital design tool is limited to basic softwares for representations such as sketchup and CAD. I haven’t experience much about parametric tools and NURBS such as grasshopper and Rhino. During my past work I would take longer time and rely on plug-ins to make organic shapes or repetitive forms like staircases. For fabrication tools I mostly use manual labour such as hand cutting and sometimes laser cutting. I haven’t explore CNC and 3D Modelling yet. In terms of digital theory, I know basic terms such as site analysis , context and relationship between the users, surroundings and the building. During the course DDF and AA visiting school, I was exposed to some terms used in here such as the NURBS, the digital fabrications, tetonics and interventions. I hope to improve my knowledge in the design theory and tools through this course because it talks about the current design industry design processes.
Working With Water - NYP Final Year Project (2016)
AA Visitng school, Rooftop interventions (2017)
A Confessional Space - Digital Design & Fabrications (2017)
A drop of Mist - Studio Earth (2017) CONCEPTUALISATION 3
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A1 Design Futuring Safe idea will not stay in people head. Radical proposal or design that stay close to our everyday life will create provocative questions that create inspiration or the drive for creating designs that sustains the future.1 The two things that design futuring have to confront are environmentally conscious designs with critical thinking and slowing the rate of defuturing. 2 In doing this we have to be careful of design democracy that creates superficial designs caused by easy design generations from software and thoughts for the cheap, fast mass producing without concerns for the environments. Human actions made damages to the planet ecological systems. If continued, our future might be ruined. There is a pressing need for us to change the way we live, act and engage the world around us. 3 The 2 architectural predecent explores buildings that communicate those ideas.
1 Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45 pdf 2 Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16
pdf 3 Design futuring CONCEPTUALISATION 5
PREDECENT 1:
NINGBO CULTURAL MUSEUM
With urbanization in China, many village buildings are being destroyed to make way for new modern like buildings. This village includes Ningbo. With the rate we are building new buildings is it sustainable? Destroyed buildings materials are usually discarded. He collected the rubbles used to destroy the village to create the building facade. 1 By using the rubbles, he allow us to change the way we see and use the materials in architecture. He recycled the materials and create what according to him a “chinese vernacular sustainable architecture”. He literally give the past a new life as the relationship between past and present issues are explored. He learned local construction methods in this case, Wa Pan, (a method developed by the region’s farmers to cope with the destruction caused by typhoons, figure 3) and incoperate that with modern technology to create the building. He created strong sense of cultural continuity and re-invigorated tradition. 2
Figure 2. Facade transition
Looking at the wall facade, the transition of the rubble facades to the concrete. (figure 2) Seems to communicate that in the present, buildings have transition from elaborate details often found in traditional buildings to the minimalist facade of modern living influenced by globalizations. Even so, we can still create an architecture that is timeless, deeply rooted in its context and yet universal. Architecture doesn’t have to choose either looking into the future or hold into traditions. 3 1 Hobson, Ben, Archdaily, Wang Shu’s Ningbo History Museum built from the remains of demolished villages, 2016 < https://www.dezeen.com/2016/08/18/video-interview-wang-shu-amateur-architecture-studio-ningbo-history-museummovie/> [accessed 11 August 2017] 2 Essay ,The PRitzker Architecture Prize,2012 < http://www.pritzkerprize.com/2012/essay> [accessed 11 August 2017 3 Jury Citation ,The PRitzker Architecture Prize,2012 < http://www.pritzkerprize.com/2012/jury-citation> [accessed 11 August 2017]
Figure 3. Wa Pan
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PREDECENT 2:
Manuel Gea González Hospital
While cities gets more developed, the environment suffers the consequences. Quick clearing of forest using fire/machines and cars create pollutions that are harmful. The interesting thing about this is that the finish (titanium-dioxide based pigment) of the facade (prosolve370e) does the job of breaking down. It’s properties is similar to a photosynthesis process. As air filters around the sponge-shaped structures, UV-light-activated free radicals destroy any existing pollutants, leaving the air cleaner for the patients inside.1 It kind of mimics the tree leaves. Facade shape also helps. Function wise, it’s designed in mind to help the patients inside and maximizing the effects of the finish. It’s derived from corals which are omni-directional and have large surface area to capture the sunlight from the ocean. This facade have surface enlargement and omnidirectional shape to increase efficiency of the technology. It can receive sunlight and pollutants from any directions. Turbulence are created due to the shape to slow down wind speed so that the pollutants can be catches easily. 2
Figure 4. Facade
The facade being visually complex helps to make the technology to be more obvious be in people radar about the pollution. This facade have parasitic properties so if used together with trees it can help to make the environment better, while waiting for good clean energy transport to be created. 3 Palazzo Italia Milan in 2015 also uses the same technology applied to different facade.
1 Wolfson, Elijah ,Ornament & Climate, Mexico City Hospital ‘Eats’ Pollution: Torre de Especialidades Features Innovate Facade Tiling That Neutralizes Smog , 29 December 2013 < http://www.medicaldaily.com/mexico-city-hospital-eats-pollution-torre-deespecialidades-features-innovate-facade-tiling-265942> [accessed 11 August 2017] 2 Dring, Allison,Ornament & Climate < https://youtu.be/g2tCnub5Zlk> [accessed 11 August 2017] 3 Ornament & Climate,
Figure 5. Facade in different places visualization
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A2 Design Computation Have changed over the years. Embracing the past with the present and the future technology is the new typology of design. Computation are often confused with computerization. Design computation look into different design methodology / processes such as the performative design, (looking into energy, structural performance), Parametric design (algorithamic thinking that clarify the relationship between design intent ,response.), generative design (biomimicry) and digital material tectonics (design software with traditional or new construction methods of material). By combining some of the design methadology design morphologies can be made. Combining them with factors to consider such as experimentation, innovations and design thinking are emerging as integrated process in digital design. 1 Design computerization are platforms that helps to show what the architect visualizes things in architect’s mind, as a form of communication between human and computer, to expand and getting more people involved. 2 Digital in architecture create distinct forms and effect but it doesn’t determine the architecture form itself. Rule and restrictions created from the precedent or your own forms the final goal design. 3
1 Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10 pdf 2 Theories of the Digital in Architecture 3 Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of ComputerAided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 pdf CONCEPTUALISATION 9
PREDECENT 1:
Al Bahr Towers Responsive Facade
Weather in Abu Dhabi always have strong sun glare and little rainfall. Therefore, having modern skyscrapper there will not be wise unless shading devices are installed.1
Figure 2. Facade modelu in different light intensity
This facade are made using design computation. It uses the traditional islamic lattice shading device, the â&#x20AC;&#x153;mashrabiyaâ&#x20AC;? which are static and incorporate it with modern technology such as modern sensor and data technology, causing the facade to have flexible porosity and light penetration control depending on the sun glare and weather. (figure 2) By doing this it keeps the mashrabiyas continue to be relevant into the future. Overall design form are caused by the screen that relies on the environment and the data programmed. It opens a fascinating way of dynamically controlling each shadow pixel to obtain the optimum shading and atmosphere. (figure 3) Design computation helps to change the role of a screen from a layer to protect against the outside view to an element that attracts the outside viewer other than it being sustainable. 2
Figure 3. Shading at different formations.
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1 Cilento, Karen, Arcdaily, Al Bahar Towers Responsive Facade / Aedas,< http://www.archdaily.com/270592/ al-bahar-towers-responsive-facade-aedas> [accessed 11 August 2017] 2 Schielke, Thomas, Arcdaily, Light Matters: Mashrabiyas - Translating Tradition into Dynamic Facades,< http://www.archdaily.com/510226/light-matters-mashrabiyas-translating-tradition-into-dynamic-facades> [accessed 11 August 2017]
PREDECENT 2:
Carbon Fibre Pavilion
This pavilion explores architectural design solution and spatial qualities through computational design and robotic fabrication technologies. This computational design includes the process of biomimicry of a beetle shell and the material glass fibres. Other processes can be seen in figure 5. Computational design helps to create new design and fabrication processes that are not only performance driven but also opening up to architectural repertoire regarding spatial quality, structural articulation and the level of details. 1 Case study like biomimicry can be achieved to another deeper level or formations with the helps of computerization design and technology. After all, natural structure fulfils the elementary architectural task but it have higher level of material efficiency and functional integration than can be found in current building. Studying from them will help to create a more effective and sustainable buildings. 2
Figure 5. Computational processes
Fabricating complicates structure of loose medium such as fibres to be faster and more optimizing for the material. (figure 6). Modules can be made similar to each other with greater precision.
1 Designboom , interview with ICD/ITKE team on fiber-woven research pavilion 2013-14< https://www. designboom.com/architecture/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2013-14-interview-08-18-2014/gallery/image/ icd-itke-research-pavilion-stuttgart-2014-designboom-7/> [accessed 11 August 2017] 2 Designboom
Figure 6. Each modular unit of the structure to be connected together later
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A3 Composition / Generation Since computational design is the present day design method, everyone is using the same software to make their design. (Rhino, grasshopper). Even data we input in would be similar (e.g a city weather, solar path, soil conditions,etc) provided that they are in the same areas or same spot. So how we choose to input in the data, which set of rules and the composition of algorithm generates unique parametrics. Some design might look similar to each other because similar inputs are used.. so adding complexity can help to set things apart. Now architects can handle complex stuffs by using computational design software. Afterall, computational design is becoming a necessity to build the largest project in the world.1 To create complexity, rules can be added. For best complexity, simple rules might be the best. “complexity arises from simple rules it gives unpredictable definations, example life”. 2 Simple rules can also be set as looking into an animal, or a part of nature, example, looking at the lecture’s bird flock. Different composition of bird flock generated from simple rules. Even simple composition of a building can also be made complex. So the predecent will explore on projects that are compose of simple rules/ components but it generates complex parametric design.
1 Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 pdf 2 Unreasonableman, John Conway Talks About the Game of Life Part 1, 2007 < https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=FdMzngWchDk> [accessed 11 August 2017] CONCEPTUALISATION 13
PREDECENT 1:
SEED CATHEDRAL
Heatherwick already have a composition on what he imagined the building to look like (idea derieved from play-doh clay hair that got squeezed out from its head)1 and he further use 3D modelling data and computer controlled milling machine to help him to generate the complex structure . (figure 2)
Figure 2.Shows the idea generation
He decide to explore more on the textural aspect of the computational design, and adding in data such as site area, terrain, sun pathways. Then he added rules such as adding seeds inside the arcylic rods, amount of rods, how the rods will protude out and there is lighting inside the rods for night illumination. 2 (figure 3) In this case, the generation doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t affect much of his composition as he already thought about the idea before going to the computer. This computation helps him more on the constructional aspect of the structure to achieve his desired effects. He didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t divert and still keep his design objective. The rules and the component is pretty simple. But the result he generated looks complex based on the repetitiveness of his rods and placement based on the previous rods. This creates some interesting texture to his structure.
Figure 3. Effects created due to parametrics
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1 Heatherwick studio, UK Pavillion Shanghai expo 2010.< http://www.heatherwick.com/uk-pavilion/> accessed 11 August 2017. 2 Jordana, Sebastian, Archdaily, UK Pavilion for Shanghai World Expo 2010 / Heatherwick Studio <http:// www.archdaily.com/58591/uk-pavilion-for-shanghai-world-expo-2010-heatherwick-studio> accessed 11 August 2017.
PREDECENT 2:
Water cube
“The Water Cube’s breathtaking architecture is matched by engineering innovations in fabrication, materials and environmental management”1 Water cube looks into the composition of a bubble form to generate the design. Just by looking at simple bubble form, they can make the form complex by adding rules such as uniform shape that looks different in another angle, cladding it thorughout the building , filling the 3d space evenly and performative datas. (figure 5) Computation helps them to generate their composition to find a structural solution that are self organizing from relatively simple rules. 2 Generating the structure based on this unique geometry would be highly repetitive and buildable, while appearing organic random and complex. The structure itself helps to form the building form. 3 (figure 6) Figure 5. The structure inside
However the shortcoming of this design is that the design could be made further complex by not following the bounding box and let it grow free, just like the soap bubble itself. Generating that would make more complex looking and interesting building structure.
1 Arup, “National Aquatics Center (Water Cube) , Beijing” , A form inspired by the natural formation of soap bubbles , <https://www.arup.com/projects/chinese-national-aquatics-center> accessed 11 August 2017. 2 W. Stocking, Angus, “Building design”, Generative design change the face of architecture, 15 October 2009, < http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/building-design/generative-design-is-changing-face-architecture-12948> [accessed 11 August 2017] 3 Carfrae, Tristram, “Engineering the water cube”, 1 july 2006, < http://architectureau.com/articles/practice-23/> [accessed 11 August 2017]
Figure 6. Structure and cladding from the bubbles composition
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A.4 Conclusion Now with computational design, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s easier for us to explore complex structure and design. Computational design helps to make something complex from something simple or vice versa. This opens up more design possibilities and help to bring the future forward. Especially by learning from the nature. Nature is the world greatest teacher. By studying them, we can get inspiration for the structural, form, materials, etc. Nature had been studied a lot by the past architects. Like the buttress roots in churches helps the structure to loosen the load or Sagrada familia building mimics the feeling of being inside the forest. But those are limited to what they can see and what they can feel when last time the technology was not so advanced. With computational design, we can look into more precise biological details of nature such as the cells structure, behaviour, etc. Examples of these can be seen in Manuel Gea GonzĂĄlez Hospital where the structure mimics photosynthesis. Al bahar facade seems to mimic the mimosa, where it will closed when exposed to direct sunlight. Carbon fibre pavilion looks into the bettle shell fibre structure to create the building structure with threads and surounding structure and water cube looks into the structure of the bubbles and apply it to the building structure. Computational design also helps us to compose complex system such as like the seed cathedral or dinghao museum as per what the architect had in mind. By learning and working with nature, we can create a sustainable future because they adapted to the earth longer than us. With the help of advancement in technology, we can build a more effective and environmentally friendly structures more than the past using computational design processes.
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A.5 Learning Outcomes The readings and lectures helps me to understand what is a computational design and why is it that itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s preferred design method. I understand more about the relationship of geometries and algorithmic. It surprises me how easily I can make organic shape buildings, and adjusting it with the right components compared to how I used to do it. Relationship between traditional and future technologies. Those resources makes me look into designing in a more data based way and the relationship of these data. So far when I was designing, it is more on compositional design, with the idea in head and I use computerization and physical model to communicate my ideas. With computational design, it can help to make my compositional idea to another level by generate it with other given set of datas or rules to showcase best the structures in the given set of environments. The design morphologies of my compositional design with the generative design and algorithmic thinking it will give an unexpected design that might be better that what I only thought of. My design reasoning would have be more profound because I included real data set and not just something in my head.
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A6 Algorithmic sketches
LETTING GO OF THE COMPOSITION There are different ways to play around with lofting using the grasshopper. Below are the different strategies used to achieve the same effect.
Method 1: Creates circular outline from the Rhino, set it into the grasshopper circle component and loft it to achieve fig.1. Fig 2. is achieved by rotating around the individual circles using gumballs in the Rhino file.
Method 2: This vase here is made by selecting the whole circle outline in Rhino file, set it into 1 curve component in grasshopper component and loft it. How we select it can affect whether it can be baked or not. 18
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Method 3: Using grasshopper, points are created and using circle, circular outline are made. Then the Z axis and number slider are created to make adjustment for the height. The 2 vases above are created using this method, and by changing the radius of the circular outline and the height of the vase. Reflection : This shows that to create the same thing, using different set of rules and composition will create a different shape and complexity of the design. From this scripting, I realized that sometimes, having more component to get a certain result might not be as effective because I find that method 3 is more interesting than method 1. Playing with the componentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s order like as shown in method 2 doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t always give the result.
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A7. References Angus, W. Stocking, “Building design”, Generative design change the face of architecture, 15 October 2009, < http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/ building-design/generative-design-is-changing-face-architecture-12948> [accessed 11 August 2017] Arup, “National Aquatics Center (Water Cube) , Beijing” , A form inspired by the natural formation of soap bubbles , <https://www.arup.com/ projects/chinese-national-aquatics-center> accessed 11 August 2017. Designboom , interview with ICD/ITKE team on fiber-woven research pavilion 2013-14< https://www.designboom.com/architecture/icd-itkeresearch-pavilion-2013-14-interview-08-18-2014/gallery/image/icd-itke-research-pavilion-stuttgart-2014-designboom-7/> [accessed 11 August 2017] Dring, Allison,Ornament & Climate < https://youtu.be/g2tCnub5Zlk> [accessed 11 August 2017] Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45 pdf Elijah , Wolfson,Ornament & Climate, Mexico City Hospital ‘Eats’ Pollution: Torre de Especialidades Features Innovate Facade Tiling That Neutralizes Smog , 29 December 2013 < http://www.medicaldaily.com/mexico-city-hospital-eats-pollution-torre-de-especialidades-features-innovatefacade-tiling-265942> [accessed 11 August 2017] Essay ,The PRitzker Architecture Prize,2012 < http://www.pritzkerprize.com/2012/essay> [accessed 11 August 2017] Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16 pdf Heatherwick studio, UK Pavillion Shanghai expo 2010.< http://www.heatherwick.com/uk-pavilion/> accessed 11 August 2017. Hobson, Ben, Archdaily, Wang Shu’s Ningbo History Museum built from the remains of demolished villages, 2016 < https://www.dezeen. com/2016/08/18/video-interview-wang-shu-amateur-architecture-studio-ningbo-history-museum-movie/> [accessed 11 August 2017] Jury Citation ,The PRitzker Architecture Prize,2012 < http://www.pritzkerprize.com/2012/jury-citation> [accessed 11 August 2017] Karen, Cilento, Arcdaily, Al Bahar Towers Responsive Facade / Aedas,< http://www.archdaily.com/270592/al-bahar-towers-responsive-facadeaedas> [accessed 11 August 2017] Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10 pdf Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 pdf Sebastian ,ordana, Archdaily, UK Pavilion for Shanghai World Expo 2010 / Heatherwick Studio <http://www.archdaily.com/58591/uk-pavilion-forshanghai-world-expo-2010-heatherwick-studio> accessed 11 August 2017. Thomas, Schielke, Arcdaily, Light Matters: Mashrabiyas - Translating Tradition into Dynamic Facades,< http://www.archdaily.com/510226/lightmatters-mashrabiyas-translating-tradition-into-dynamic-facades> [accessed 11 August 2017] Tristram, Carfrae, “Engineering the water cube”, 1 july 2006, < http://architectureau.com/articles/practice-23/> [accessed 11 August 2017] Unreasonableman, John Conway Talks About the Game of Life Part 1, 2007 < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdMzngWchDk> [accessed 11 August 2017] Yehuda E, Kalay, (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 pdf
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