THESIS Year: 2020-21 Batch No. 18
Innovation Center
Undertaken by: Danish Sabeel Enrollment No.: 16E1AAARM40P026 V Year B.Arch (A)
Prof. SUMIT RAI
Prof. ARCHANA SINGH
GUIDE
COORDINATOR
Aayojan School of Architecture ISI-4, RIICO Institutional Block, Sitapura, Jaipur-302022
Innovation Center, Delhi.
APPROVAL The study titled “Innovation Centre” is hereby approved as an original work of Danish Sabeel enrolment no. 16E1AAARM40P026. on the approved subject carried out and presented in manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as per the standard laid down by the university. This report has been submitted in the partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Architecture degree from Rajasthan Technical University, Kota. It is to be understood that the undersigned does not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, any opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein, but approves the study only for the purpose it has been submitted. 28.08.2020 Jaipur
Prof. K.S. MAHAJANI EXTERNAL EXAMINER 1
PRINCIPAL
Prof. ARCHANA SINGH EXTERNAL EXAMINER 2
COORDINATOR
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
DECLARATION I, Danish Sabeel, here by solemnly declare that the research work undertaken by me, titled ‘Innovation Centre’ is my original work and wherever I have incorporated any information in the form of photographs, text, data, maps, drawings, etc. from different sources, has been duly acknowledged in my report. This Thesis has been completed under the supervision of the guide allotted to me by the school. Further, whenever and wherever my work shall be presented or published it will be jointly authored with my guide. Prof. SUMIT RAI V Year B.Arch. (A) Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur
CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the research titled, ‘Innovation Centre’ is a bonafide work by Danish Sabeel of Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur. This research work has been completed under my guidance and supervision in a satisfactory manner. This report has been submitted in partial fulfillment of award of BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE degree from Rajasthan Technical University, Kota. This research work fulfills the requirements relating to the nature and standard laid down by the Rajasthan Technical University. Prof. SUMIT RAI Guide Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express the deepest appreciation towards the school, Prof. Kiran Mahajani, Principal and Director, Aayojan School of Architecture, Prof. N.S. Rathore, Academic Dean, for providing with the prospect of the design. It is my radiant sentiment to place on record, my best regards and deepest gratitude to my Thesis guide and coordinator, Prof. Sumit Rai, who has the substance of a genius: who continually and convincingly conveyed a spirit of adventure in regard to designing, research and scholarship, and an excitement in regard to teaching. Without her guidance and persistent help this thesis would not have been possible Lastly, I would also like to thank to my parents, family and friends for their constant support and guidance throughout this journey.
Danish Sabeel V Year B.Arch. (A) Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur
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ABSTRACT Experts all over the world, mutually agree that the work environments of today is transforming at a rapid pace. The work force of today is knowledge-based and broadly connected through globalization. Moreover, it is empowered by technology, innovation and belongs to the people who dare to tread the unconventional path. Hence, companies and organizations have to respond to all many such needs as well as support the innovation activities of its users. Unfortunately, this is not the case in most of the modern-day work environments. The physical environment of many workplaces still holds onto rigid models of 20th century office design. Therefore, more flexible and inclusive work environments are required to accommodate the rising mobile workforce of today. India has seen the start of a number of innovation spaces such as coworking spaces and innovation hubs in the past five years that have brought about new models of workspace design. The main aim of this thesis is therefore to study the innovation spaces in order to establish the architectural principals behind the physical design of their workspace. The study will look for the physical design characteristics of workspace that support creative and collaborative innovations and not ‘innovations in workspace design’. Thus this research is an attempt to find an integrated approach towards creating an environment that supplements innovation and fosters collaboration. This thesis is a journey from basic idea to the design outcome that is compiled and documented in all the tangible and intangible aspects which influenced the overall process. The approach is to design specifically for the new sphere of operations, which signifies a new building typology in future. I strongly believe that this has the potential
to
influence
future
business
centers
in
terms
of
innovation.
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CONTENTS Page No. Approval
i
Declaration
ii
Certificate
ii
Acknowledgement
ii
Abstract
iv
Contents
v-vii
List of illustrations
viii-x
List of tables
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
xi
1-7
1.1
Background of the study
1-4
1.2
Need of an Innovation Centre
4-5
1.3
Criteria of selection
6
1.4
Aim
6
1.5
Objectives
6
CHAPTER 2: PRE-DESIGN STUDIES 2.1 Case Studies 2.1.1 Campus for Agilent Technologies, Manesar.
8-36 8 8-20
2.1.2 GooglePlex, California.
21-28
2.1.3 MIT MediaLabs, Cambridge.
29-35
2.2 Analysis
CHAPTER 3: SITE ANALYSIS
36
37-48
3.1 About the City
37
3.2 Site
41
3.3 Climate Analysis
42
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3.4 Site Information
CHAPTER 4: CONCEPT AND DESIGN PROPOSAL 4.1 Area Programming
47
49-63 49-56
4.2 Concept
57
4.3 Site Plan
58
4.4 Ground Floor Plan
59
4.4 First Floor Plan
60
4.5 Second Floor Plan
61
4.6 Third Floor Plan
62
4.7 Sections and Elevation
63
4.4 Sections and Elevation
64
CHAPTER 5: INTERIOR DESIGN
65-85
5.1 Criteria of Selection
65
5.2 Objectives
65
5.3 Case Studies
66
5.3.1 Johnson’s Wax Building
67-69
5.3.2 Google Campus
70-73
5.3.3 Johnson’s Wax Building
74-76
5.4 Concept
77
5.5 First Floor Plan
78
5.6 Second Floor Plan
79
5.7 Sections
80
5.8 Furniture Layout Plan
81-82
5.9 Ceiling Layout Plan
83
5.10 Electrical Layout Plan
84
5.11 Flooring Layout Plan
85
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CHAPTER 6: MECHANICAL DESIGN
86-114
6.1 Background of the study
86
6.2 Project Introduction
86
6.3 Broad Requirements
87
6.4 Objectives
88
6.4 Standards and bylaws
89
6.5 Statistical Data and Calculation
91
6.6 Fire Safety Norms
98
6.7 Air Conditioning System
100
6.8 VRV
100
6.9 Ventilation System
101
6.10 Design Criteria
101
6.11 Scope Of Work
102
6.12 Schematic Diagram
104 -108
6.13 Conceptual Drawings
109-113
BIBLIOGRAPHY
xii
vii
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List of Figures Figure 1. Inter-relation between technology and human values
Source: Author ................................... 1
Figure 2. Process of product development
Source: Author .................................. 2
Figure 3. Collaboration between people
Source: blog.bonus.ly......................... 3
Figure 4. Collaboration between people
Source: blog.bonus.ly......................... 8
Figure 5. Site Plan
Source: Archdaily.com ....................... 9
Figure 6. Vehicular movement
Source: Author ................................. 10
Figure 7. Vehicular movement
Source: Author ................................. 10
Figure 8. Informal breakout areas, balconies
Source: Author ................................. 11
Figure 9. Meeting Rooms
Source: Author ................................. 12
Figure 10. Section BB’
Source: Author .................................. 14
Figure 11. Section AA’
Source: Author................................... 14
Figure 12. Employee and Fire Staircase
Source: Author .............................. 15
Figure 13. Employee and Fire Staircase
Source: Author ................................... 16
Figure 14. Proximity of workspace from lift lobby
Source: Author ................................... 16
Figure 15. Glass façade with extruding meeting spaces
Source: Archdaily.com ........................ 17
Figure 16. North façade details and glazing
Source: Archdaily.com ....................... 18
Figure 17. Bottom up Air Conditioning approach
Source: Archdaily.com ....................... 19
Figure 18. Section Through AHU unit
Source: Archdaily.com ....................... 20
Figure 19. Section Through AHU unit
Source: Archdaily.com ....................... 21
Figure 20. Concept
Source: Archdaily.com ....................... 22
Figure 21. Site Plan
Source: Archdaily.com ........................ 23
Figure 22. Concept for campus planning and space distribution
Source: Author.................................... 25
Figure 23. Classification of Hot and Cold spaces
Source: archdaily.com ........................ 26
Figure 24. Services areas
Source: archdaily.com ........................ 27
Figure 25. Leisure spaces looking into open green spaces
Source: archdaily.com ......................... 27
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Figure 26. Enclosed meeting spaces located towards the centre of building Source: archdaily.com .............. 28 Figure 27. Learning resources room, located on central spine
Source: archdaily.com.............. 28
Figure 28. MIT MediaLab
Source: archdaily.com .............. 29
Figure 29. Vertical Zoning
Source: archdaily.com.............. 30
Figure 30. Ground floor Plan
Source: archdaily.com.............. 31
Figure 31. Elevation and Façade treatment
Source: archdaily.com ............. 32
Figure 32. Façade treatment
Source: archdaily.com .............. 33
Figure 33. Second floor plan
Source: archdaily.com ............... 34
Figure 34. Third floor plan
Source: archdaily.com................ 35
Figure 35. Fourth floor plan
Source: archdaily.com ............... 35
Figure 36. Location Plan
Source: Google maps ................. 37
Figure 37. Location Plan
Source: Google maps ................. 38
Figure 38. Master Plan, Delhi region
Source: Google ........................... 40
Figure 39. Road network, nearby important infrastructure
Source: Author ........................... 41
Figure 40. Site context
Source: Author............................ 42
Figure 41. Sun Path Daigram
Source: Ashrae ............................ 43
Figure 42. Hourly Dry Bulb Temperature
Source: Ashrae ............................ 44
Figure 43. Wind Temperature and direction
Source: Ashrae ........................... 46
Figure 44. Johnson’s wax building
Source: Scjohnson.com................ 67
Figure 45. The great workroom
Source: Scjohnson.com ................ 67
Figure 46. Column
Source: canadianarchitect.com .... 67
Figure 47. Degree of openness while keeping privacy
Source: Author ............................. 67
Figure 48. Floaor plan
Source: atlasofplace.com ............. 68
Figure 49. Floor plan the great workroom
Source: atlasofplace.com .............. 68
Figure 50. layout and circulation in the workroom
Source: vox.com ............................ 68
Figure 51. Managers office
Source: vox.com ............................ 69
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Figure 52 Column material
Source: vox.com ............................. 69
Figure 53. Ceiling material
Source: icorkfloor.com ................... 69
Figure 54. flooring material
Source: pro-dis.info ......................... 69
Figure 55. Informal meeting area
Source: Archdaily.com .................... 70
Figure 56. Reception
Source: Archdaily.com ..................... 70
Figure 57. Meeting rooms
Source: Archdaily.com ...................... 71
Figure 58. First floor plan
Source: Archdaily.com ...................... 71
Figure 59. Lower Ground floor plan
Source: Archdaily.com ..................... 72
Figure 60. Café
Source: Archdaily.com ..................... 72
Figure 61. Concentration Pods made of wood and metal
Source: Archdaily.com ...................... 73
Figure 62. Open plan workspace
Source: Archdaily.com....................... 74
Figure 63. 9PARK
Source: Archdaily.com...................... 75
Figure 64. 9SHED
Source: Archdaily.com...................... 75
Figure 65. Floor Plan
Source: Archdaily.com ..................... 75
Figure 66. Floor Plan
Source: Archdaily.com ..................... 75
Figure 67. Floor Plan
Source: Archdaily.com ..................... 75
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List Tables Table 1. Case study Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 36 Table 2 Site information..................................................................................................................................... 47 Table 3 Byelaws.................................................................................................................................................. 48 Table 4 Area Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 49 Table 5 Ventilation requirement........................................................................................................................ 89
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Innovation Center, Delhi.
“There is no substitute in Innovation.” -Richard Branson, CEO, Virgin Airlines
Background of the Study In today's global economy, innovation and entrepreneurship act as the central focus to a nation's successful partnership. Academic institutions are the primary source of creativity and need to manage their imagination and creative aspirations better. There is increasing evidence that competitive progress depends more on the localized concentration of skilled people and technology rather than substantial corporate efforts. Discovery and invention have continuously been the driving forces for research. On the other hand, innovation incorporates a crucial economic component. It is often about extracting values from a creative understanding of what is already known. It has everything to do with commercial success and drives the economy. It is successfully managed by the 'idea factory' approach, bringing unlike minds together, creating the right atmosphere and giving them freedom but carefully structuring interactions. Our minds can be unlike in terms of cultural background, disciplinary background or attitude. (Ananth, 2011)
Fig 1. Inter-relation between technology and human values Figure 1
Source: Author 1
Innovation Center, Delhi.
A century ago, the impact of knowledge on work was quite different. The typical organization had a division of labor, and the chores of its employees were divided into multiple parts. The result of each individual's work added together created the resultant product. Only the managers required the knowledge that allowed for a complete picture. However, today in an innovation-driven organization, information resources are required for every work order's smooth functioning. The said reserves and
material
act
as
an
interweaving
thread,
helping
the
method
of
communication advance, and are not only bought together at the end of any linear process.
Fig 2. Process of product development
Source: Author
Figure 2
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Post liberalization, the Indian private sector faced increasing foreign competition. The following led to an increase in technological advancements but a decrease in employment. All this led to instituting small entrepreneurs setting up their small enterprises or the 'Start-ups.' People started to bring in indigenous solutions to world problems. (The Economist, 2010) The focus of the current central government with initiatives like Start-up India and Skill India are encouraging enough to dig deeper into these fields. For a stronger Start-up culture in India, we need a robust innovation ecosystem that relies upon the ease of starting a Start-up, accessing capital and capital markets and mentors. Another factor that augments a Start-up culture is business synergy, where diverse yet connected business feed off each other, formulating a cluster effect.
Fig 3. Collaboration between people
Source: blog.bonus.ly
Figure 3
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
World View We are living in a time of massive, world changing innovation – Business Insider “There were more unique inventions over the past year than ever before in the history of human mankind,” note analysts in Thomson Reuters 2015 State of Innovation report. Science is universal, the scientists have a cultural background and hence many prejudices. Mixing minds from different cultural backgrounds can help overcome at least some of them as exemplified by the success of the US graduate schools in generating innovative ideas. He remarkable success of the Bell Labs I the post-war decade of the twentieth century is an example of innovations triggered by bringing together multi-disciplinary groups of researchers to work on problems of societal importance In present global innovation era, two countries stand out in terms of their support for research parks – China and US.
Need of an Innovation Centre Innovation hubs aim to discover and curate innovative and technological solutions for companies to help them in several ways, such as competing in a new market, acquiring customers at lower costs, or developing new tools for better efficiency. Since India is a country with a very high unemployment rate, people need to create more jobs and facilitate the "make in India movement." • Shift in the economy from a service-based economy to an idea-based economy, and yet, the alteration in architecture is not keeping pace with this shift in India. • In large campuses, lack of awareness of the knowledge or skills possessed by a coworker has become a fundamental issue. Many organizations aspire to improve
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
communication amongst scientists of their organizations for better productivity. Hence, it is imperative to comprehend the role of architecture and built space in the thoroughgoing methodology.
• Shift in the economy from a service-based economy to an idea-based economy, and yet, the alteration in architecture is not keeping pace with this shift in India. • In large campuses, lack of awareness of the knowledge or skills possessed by a coworker has become a fundamental issue. Many organizations aspire to improve communication amongst scientists of their organizations for better productivity. Hence, it is imperative to comprehend the role of architecture and built space in the thoroughgoing methodology. • Enhance the innovation development in the country by remaining the most preferred destination for MNC's to set up their R&D hubs. • Limited and compromised space for people and entrepreneurs to develop, validate, and execute an idea that encircles tremendous marketable potential. • Tackling issues lie brain drain, FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) induced competition, and red tape leaves the average Indian entrepreneur too tired to focus on innovation. In this global economy, there is a need to innovate faster and cheaper considering the factors such as low cost, frugal and sustainability.
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Criteria of selection Since India is a rapidly growing economy, there is a need to provide a safe haven for India’s young startups and innovators. Research & Development form an integral part of the economy and the technological culture of the country. As the world progresses towards the tertiary sector of the economy, increasingly complex and trans-disciplinary ideas emerge, one that individuals with one or two fields of profession may not resolve standing alone. Collaborating together to provide products and services with experts from multiple domains have resulted in reasonable success in the present times and is still the promising mode of growth. Typically, an innovation center differs from this R&D in the sense that it attempts to utilize existing and tested technology in a meaningful and efficient combination
AIM This facility will house R&D units of Indian firms along with Providing incubation facilities to students, entrepreneurs and upcoming start-up firms. This platform will serve as the knowledge hub in the National Capital region would further act as a catalyst in the proposed mechanism for academic industry interaction.
Objectives •The Objective is to create diverse spatial experiences and opportunities to satisfy the need of different kind of people, yet building should function as a single organism. Making the facility active and interactive yet maintain the privacy of individuals. • Architectural and built spaces plays a major role in making the space more interactive and collaborative. In the project, the focus will be on place making, rather than just allotting the spaces for each function. Understandings of how both
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the augmented and the physical spatial layout effects the user’s experience and influences their behavioral social relations.
7
CHAPTER 2 PRE-DESIGN STUDIES
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Case Studies Case studies were selected considering how the building interacts with their users considering all the parameters of an effective and productive workspace, keeping in mind the collaboration between multi-disciplinary users.
1. Campus for Agilent Technologies, Manesar. LOCATION: Sector-B, Manesar, Gurgaon Site Area: 10 Acres Built-up Area: 46,453 m² Occupancy: 1800 workstations Architects:
Ar.
Sanjay
Prakash
(SHiFT
Architects Completion: 2009 Client: Agilent Technologies, USA Architectural Approach :
Fig 4. Collaboration between people Source: blog.bonus.ly Figure 4
The campus has been crafted for the ultimate office experience, this building imparts distinctive character to enhance productivity while maintaining the sanctity of a quite work environment. The building utilizes only 25% of the permissible FAR, while allowing the future expansion to full FAR. this not only serves to create valuable outdoor spaces for recreation PARKING : 8total- 600 cars Basement parking- 2 floors Surface paring- Soft paved (100 Cars)
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Site Planning: Building block is compacted and located nearly in the site center leaving enough space for future expansion. Site planning also allows for expansive bio-diversity by introduction of frontal landscape, cutting dust and noise
Fig 5. Site Plan
Source: Archdaily.com
Figure 5
Vehicular Movement : Hard paved roads has been provided only along the site periphery (red), soft paved roads has been provided at all other places (including surface parking) to allow water penetration and reduce heat island effect (shown in blue)
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Fig 6. Vehicular movement
Source: Author
Figure 6
Structural System: Rcc framed structure with a grid size of 8.5m*8.5m has been used. There are 3 grid bays going along the East West direction, making the typical width of floor slab as 25m. A large rain water harvesting tank is located below 2 parking basements.
Fig 7. Structural plan with multiple entries
Source: Author
Figure 7
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Building experience: The northwest formal entrance, udder a triple height space, integrates a water body and a concrete shear wall. which is the connecting element of all the spaces within the complex. Intermediate spaces have been provided for repose from the intense work environment in the form of a roof top cafeteria, gardens, terraces and atrium itslef. intermittent provisions of internal and external courtyards also ensure enhanced indoor air quality. meeting rooms project outwards, as distinct entities offering magnificent views of the building and it’s surroundings. The east approach withing the campus is characterized by a large cantilevered office section with distinctive tensile structures which mark the staff entrance. this side lets the morning light filter in from certain portions. Activities and breakout areas:
Fig 8. Informal breakout areas, balconies
Source: Author
Figure 8
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Recreational facilities: A number of recreation centers, cafes, day-care, medical and wellness facilities, play courts and Amphitheatre. Meeting Rooms and Atriums: Intermittent provision of internal courtyards also ensures enhanced indoor air quality. meeting rooms project outwards, as distinct entities offering magnificent views of the building and outwards
Fig 9. Meeting Rooms
Source: Author
Figure 9
Service Integration: Lighting: Efficient and flexible circulation patterns: workstations recieve glare-free daylight, made possible by designing the building to never be deep (<25m), and with a relatively higher ceiling hieght 3.2m. Provision of task lighting - A typical luminosity of 150 lux is maintained throughout the office mainly through natural daylighting. All workstations are provided with very low LED task lighitng which can be switched on wherever extra light is required. Personalized work environments utilizes a hybrid under floor air conditioning system based on the principal of cooling the user (not the space) while efficient variable
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air volume systems work even for the increased ceiling height of 3.2 meters. the extra height, as well as the limited floor plate depth of 25m, allows much of the office to operate in natural light,
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Courtyard Planning : .An open courtyard has been provided in the center of the building which helps create a break in the large open floor plate maintaining a visual connect among various floors. Floor plates has been optimized to a width of 25m w.r.t. window height to ensure natural light penetration till the center.
Fig 10. Section BB’
Source: Author
Figure 10
Fig 11. Section AA’
Source: Author
Figure 11
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Vertical Circulation: The cores are positioned in a way to cover most of the floor area withing the ‘easy’ range of 25m. also enough number of fire escapes are provided and whole floor plate gets covered with the 22.5m accessibility from stairs. Employee stairs- 4 nos. Fire Escapes- 5 nos. Service staircase- 2 nos. Total staircases- 11 nos.
Fig 12. Employee and Fire Staircase
Source: Author
Figure 12
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Fig 13. Employee and Fire Staircase
Source: Author
Figure 13
Fig 14. Proximity of workspace from lift lobby
Source: Author
Figure 14
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Sustainability: Heat Ingress: The main glazed facades are oriented north or south, avoiding west and east directions, thus eliminating uncontrollable solar radiation. Shading- Heat ingress is further controlled with the use of shading devices (horizontal on south, vertical on north. Facade and use of glass- facade with glass but only 60% on the north and south faces, so the mindless use of curtain wall glazing is completely eliminated except in the protected lobbies. Differential and optimized facade treatment for west and south side West- Small variable glass openings South- Maximized glass facade with fins
Fig 15. Glass façade with extruding meeting spaces
Source: Archdaily.com
Figure 15
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Fig 16. North façade details and glazing
Source: Archdaily.com
Figure 16
Water Conservation: Three step water recycling system in place, using normal water dosed with rainwater for handwash, then treated hand wash water for flushing, the treated flushed water for irrigation of the landscaped gardens through a drip irrigation system reducing the loss to air. Step by step energy efficiency built-up: • Efficient building envelope • Air side economizer • Demand control ventilation • Variable sppe CT fan • Variable volume water flow • High CoP chiller • Stratified chilled water storage • Under floor air distribution • Cooling energy stored in slab
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Bottom-up Air conditioning: Simple steps in shading and orienting the building have been followed with sophisticated air conditioning design. An extreme low-energy, hybrid AV system (VAV, or variable air volume type with cooling by chilled water) has been used here. Ducts travel through the hollow under the false floor and throw cold air up rather than down. this creates a mushroom cloud of cold air within the habitable heights of the room rather than cooling all the volume, which allows for higher floor heights (helping daylight enter). By investing in this quality design and plant, the AC demand has been brought down by half than normal (to 32m²/tonne).
Fig 17. Bottom up Air Conditioning approach
Source: Archdaily.com
Figure 17
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Fig 18. Section Through AHU unit
Source: Archdaily.com
Figure 18
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
2. GOOGLEPLEX, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A. LOCATION: CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES SITE AREA: 11 ACRES BUILT-UP AREA: 52,000 M² OCCUPANCY: 2200 ARCHITECTS: CLIVE WILKINSON ARCHITECTS COMPLETION: 2005 CLIENT: GOOGLE
Fig 19. Section Through AHU unit
Source: Archdaily.com
Figure 19
Vision:
To create a diversified campus environment, integrating highly focused software engineering work-space within a support system of learning, collaboration, recreation and food facilities. A primary vision was to merge the idea of a workplace with the experiences found in an educational environment into a new way of working and maintenance of an edge. The reasoning for this was the idea that withing the loosely structured
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university system, there are resources available to allow the individual to conceive, investigate, and execute the impossible- and that is how google was originally conceived.
Fig 20. Concept
Source: Archdaily.com
Figure 20
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Masterplan: All of these opportunities, as well as the infrastructure were incorporated into the architectural solution for the Googleplex. The process started with a unified masterplan for the entire campus which incorporated the language of campus: outdoor sports activities, food, a commons and a bar.
Fig 21. Site Plan
Source: Archdaily.com
Figure 21
Design of Main Street: All the accessory functions from the program were strategically placed along a logical “main street” which allowed for the churning of ideas among the community, while the workplace was located to allow for more concentrated, “head down” activities A typical campus environment offers the concept of self-containment, so within the immediate area, all of your basic work/life needs can be met and the possibility of casual encounter with fellow “students” for collaboration or recreation is possible anytime during the day or night. At the university level, these opportunities are to support the goals of personal education, with a focus on each individual’s interests, but when these interests become common to a community, the results can be very powerful.
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Fig 22. Concept for campus planning and space distribution
Source: Author
Figure 22
Design of Main Street: All the accessory functions from the program were strategically placed along a logical “main street” which allowed for the churning of ideas among the community, while the workplace was located to allow for more concentrated, “head down” activities A typical campus environment offers the concept of self-containment, so within the immediate area, all of your basic work/life needs can be met and the possibility of casual encounter with fellow “students” for collaboration or recreation is possible anytime during the day or night. At the university level, these opportunities are to support the goals of personal education, with a focus on each individual’s interests, but when these interests become common to a community, the results can be very powerful.
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Personalized Environment : The concept to make the whole workshop playful was continued through the design of 13 individual environments, which recreated environments, usually found on a college campus, and were systematically integrated into the overall design of each building by the use of a hot and cold diagram: Hot areas being more public and active zones, while cold being more secluded and private. These zones were defined by location along the primary and secondary circulation corridors.
Fig 23. Classification of Hot and Cold spaces
Source: archdaily.com
Figure 23
Servicing of flexible zones: The sound absorption, artificial lighting and air conditioning was provided through a custom celling made of upholstered acoustic fabric. To bring more democracy to the environment, the use of colored glass to enclose all these team “offices”. That way, the light and outside view could come into interior, but the teams would be afforded the privacy they needed and the identity of color. Since these teams were critical to Google’s success, they selected the area along the windows for their location, in a traditional hierarchical way.
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Fig 24. Services areas
Source: archdaily.com
Figure 24
Fig 25. Leisure spaces looking into open green spaces
Source: archdaily.com
Figure 25
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Fig 26. Enclosed meeting spaces located towards the centre of building
Source: archdaily.com
Figure 26
Fig 27. Learning resources room, located on central spine
Source: archdaily.com
Figure 27
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
3. MIT MediaLab, U.S.A. LOCATION: MIT Campus, Cambridge, Massachusetts Site Area: 2.5 Acres Built-up Area: 17,000 m² Occupancy: 800 Architects: Maki and Associates Completion: 2009 Client: Massachusetts Institute of Technology “MIT Media Lab is a Serene example of classic modernism - a glass and steel form wrapped in elegant aluminum screen” - James McCown
Fig 28. MIT MediaLab
Source: archdaily.com
Figure 28
Access and Connectivity: This Structure stands at the heart of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Linked to the adjacent Wiesner Building (1984) by I.M. Pei. The two buildings form an integrated home for the Media Lab and other programs in the School of Architecture and Planning (MIT, 2017).
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Fig 29. Vertical Zoning
Source: archdaily.com
Figure 29
Spatial Configuration: Vertical Zoning: The base is composed of the main entrance and its fairly lowceiling exhibition spaces; the upper and lower atria form the piano nobile; and the public spaces on the roof are the crown. Spatial Quality: Open and non-hierarchical nature of the space Circulation: is designed in a way to facilitate contact among researches. The building actually includes two atria: a lower public atrium and upper atrium around which the labs are arrayed. Social Spaces: Crafted for the ultimate office experience, this building imparts distinctive character to enhance productivity while maintaining the sanctity of a quite work environment. The building utilizes only 25% of the permissible FAR, while allowing the future expansion to full FAR. This not only serves to create valuable outdoor spaces for recreation, but also allows for expansive bio-diversity by introduction of frontal landscape, cutting dust and noise. It reduces heat gain in summers while still allowing ample daylight to enter the building. Heat gain is further reduced by the high-performance, two layer argon filled insulated glazing with low e-coating and a 50% ceramic frit in a microdot
30
Innovation Center, Delhi.
pattern. Awning-style operable windows are used throughout the building to provide natural ventilation.
Fig 30. Ground floor Plan
Source: archdaily.com
Figure 30
31
Innovation Center, Delhi.
FACADE System: The steel-framed Media Lab building is sheathed in a system of aluminum rods. They created a scrim that both reduces heat gain and offers a reinterpretation of the view. Viewing the exterior is like looking at a lined painting. And at night the building glows like a lantern. The lightness of their construction allows light, views and breeze to pass through while providing shade and privacy. Technical Details: The exterior screens are made of extruded aluminum pipes 19mm in diameter, spaced 38mm on center. This creates 50% open and 50% shaded area on a largely glass parameter. Reducing Heat gain: The aluminum scrim reduces heat gain in summer while still allowing ample daylight to enter the building. Heat gain is further reduced by high performance, two-layer, argon-filled insulated glazing with low e-coating and a 50% ceramic frit in a micro-dot pattern. Awning style operable windows are used throughout the building to provide natural ventilation.
Fig 31. Elevation and Façade treatment
Source: archdaily.com
Figure 31
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Fig 32. Façade treatment
Source: archdaily.com
Figure 32
33
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Design of Labs: The building is designed in a way to foster the Media Lab’s hallmark crossdisciplinary research. Maki arrayed seven double height research “cubes” around a central atrium. Home to research groups such as Tangible Media and Lifelong Kindergarten, these lab spaces are vertically staggered such that no two labs share a continuous floor plate, creating a complex section. Withing each such volume, the faculty and grad-student offices occupy mezzanine level, connected to an open research area by a spiral staircase. Each mezzanine is also a accessible by elevator. “The spaces facilitate what i call diagonal thinking. You can stand in the atrium and see-through glass into each one of the labs and observe what everybody is doing at any given time” - Andy Lippman (Ass. Director, MIT)
Fig 33. Second floor plan
Source: archdaily.com
Figure 33
34
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Fig 34. Third floor plan
Source: archdaily.com
Figure 34
Fig 35. Fourth floor plan
Source: archdaily.com
Figure 35
35
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Table 1. Case study Analysis
36
CHAPTER 3 SITE ANALYSIS
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Criteria of Site Selection: Location: 113, Pocket-E, Sector 17 Dwarka, Dwarka, Delhi, 110075. Delhi was chosen as the city for project because a. Abysmal condition of existing infrastructure and facilities for incubators. b. The demand for such facilities is immense given the promotion of the start-up India movement by the Gov. The citizens and institute will innovate and incubate new ideas, contributing to the two tertiary sector of the economy. The NCR region is well populated with the diversity of professionals and experts, and is the geographical center to many education and research institution. Along with these components are necessary for incubators infrastructure, it is also a commercial center, i.e., a sector hungry for successful products and services. The site at Dwarka was chosen due to the following factors: • Connectivity to the city with Metro and Bus Transit Services. • Availability of land source at low cost, making rents more affordable. • Vicinity to the existing Technical University and Research Institution. • Basic infrastructure in adequately functioning conditions.
Fig 36. Location Plan
Source: Google maps
Figure 36
37
Innovation Center, Delhi.
The Dwarka region has been envisioned by the Delhi development authority (DDA) to be self-sustaining sub city withing the national capital region (NCR). The region is located on the South-West side of NCR and is in close vicinity to: 1.Gurugram (18 minutes’ drive) 2.Indira Gandhi International Airport (10 min drive/transit) The strategic advantage to the region is it’s exploitable to become to Business and Development Hub. It is the largest Sub-urb of Asia Population: 1.1 million Area: 56.48 km² Density: 19000 pph
Fig 37. Location Plan
Source: Google maps
Figure 37
38
Innovation Center, Delhi.
To release the demand on roads for transportation of passengers and citizens from this region to the rest of the city, the region has 8 Metro stations, evenly placed through its east west axis. A large passenger and freight interchange has been planned at sector 21 along with the existing metro station. Dues to its distance from the city center of Delhi, and transit connectivity through metro lines and the low cost of land, the region has been predominantly allotted for Institutional campuses, Educational Campuses and Residential areas in the first phase. Commercial infrastructure and social infrastructure is envisioned in second phase. The Master Plan vision attempts to make Dwarka into a ‘successful’, ‘self-sufficient’ and ‘sustainable’ city. The Master Plan has notified the zone as an urban extension project.
The strategic advantage to the region is it’s exploitable to become to Business and Development Hub. It is the largest Sub-urb of Asia Population: 1.1 million Area: 56.48 km² Density: 19000 pph To release the demand on roads for transportation of passengers and citizens from this region to the rest of the city, the region has 8 Metro stations, evenly placed through its east west axis. A large passenger and freight interchange has been planned at sector 21 along with the existing metro station. Dues to its distance from the city center of Delhi, and transit connectivity through metro lines and the low cost of land, the region has been predominantly allotted for Institutional campuses, Educational Campuses and Residential areas in the first phase. Commercial infrastructure and social infrastructure is envisioned in second phase. The Master Plan vision attempts to make Dwarka into a ‘successful’, ‘self-sufficient’ and ‘sustainable’ city. The Master Plan has notified the zone as an urban extension project. or hungry for successful products and services. The site at Dwarka was chosen due to the following factors: • Connectivity to the city with Metro and Bus Transit Services. • Availability of land source at low cost, making rents more affordable. • Vicinity to the existing Technical University and Research
39
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Institution. • Basic infrastructure in adequately functioning conditions.
Fig 38. Master Plan, Delhi region maps
Source: Google
Figure 38
40
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Transit Oriented Development: A pilot Dwarka Bicycle Sharing Project is planned for the sub-city which will attempt to bring the percentage of Public Transit: Private Vehicle from 70:30 split to 80:20. These cycles are attempt for last mile connectivity withing the region The region is allowed extended FAR in TOD notified zones TOD laws are applicable withing the region.
Fig 39. Road network, nearby important infrastructure
Source: Author
Figure 39
41
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Fig 40. Site context
Source: Author
Figure 40
Climate Analysis Sun path Diagram: 1. reducing isolation 2. increasing natural daylighting 3. defining opening and facade strategies
42
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Fig 41. Sun Path Diagram
Source: Ashrae
Figure 41
43
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Fig 42. Hourly Dry Bulb Temperature
Source: Ashrae
Figure 42
Daylighting with diffused radiation: Potential daylighting using north lights since no direct radiation hits the north side during high temperature side.
44
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Rainfall, Temperature, Humidity Levels: New Delhi earns an average of 790 mm(31.1 in) of rainfall per year, or 65.8 mm (2.6 in) per month. On average there are 57 days per year with more than 0.1 mm of rainfall (precipitation) or 4.8 days with a quantity of rain, sleet, snow etc. per month The dries weather is in November & December when average of 9 mm (0.4 in) of rainfall (precipitation) occurs. The wettest weather is in July when an average of 237 mm (9.3 in) of rainfall (precipitation) occurs
45
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Wind Analysis:
Fig 42. Wind Data
Source: Ashrae
Natural Wind can be successfully employed as a passive cooling system if the catchments are designed properly In summers the major winds originate west of north-west WNW along some counter winds from ESE During the monsoon, the humidity levels are higher and thermal comfort is achieved by ventilating the humidity generated by occupants. The WNW winds can be harnessed to passively ventilate the building’s non conditioned spaces.
Fig 43. Wind Temperature and direction
Source: Ashrae
Figure 43
46
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Site Information Table 2 Site information
Site Information
Locations
Sector 17, Dwarka, New Delhi
Site Area
15000 m²/ 3.73 Acres
Building typology
PSP/R&D Centre
Building Function
Design and Technology Incubator
Programme Components
Research laboratories, Office spaces, Workshops, Exhibitions spaces, lecture halls, cafes, socializing spaces.
Height Restriction
37m (MPD development control norms) 82m (AAI) [293m (allowed Elev. – 211m (Site Elev.)]
Ground Coverage Permissible
35% (MPD) 50%(TOD)
Built-up Area Permissible
1.5*1800 = 27000
Floor Area Ratio Permissible
150, 15% of BUA for residence
Access Roadways width
9m (minimum)
Fire Tender Roadways
6m (minimum) 50% (TOD 5C.)
TOD Zone Applicable
800m (Standard Zone)
Setbacks
15m Front / 12m on each side (2015 TOD Amendment to MPD 2021)
Parking Norms
4 wheelers (28 m²) – 1.33 ECS
47
Innovation Center, Delhi.
2 wheelers (8 m²) – 0.25 ECS Cycles (2.5 m²) – 0.1 ECS
Table 3 Byelaws
CLEARANCE APPLICABLE MPD 2021
Density/GC/FAR/Setbacks/Height Restrictions
ZDP K-II
Land use / Height Restrictions
AAI-NOC
Height Restrictions
UTTIPEC
Changes in Road Map
Forest Department
Approval for tree cutting
DDA/MOUD
Land-use change / Purchasable FAR
Delhi Bye laws
Plans/ Adherence to Bye Laws
DMRC- NOC
Withing 20m Zone of MRTS stations
Delhi Fire Laws
As per NBC 2007
TOD Rules
Ch19, MPD2021
48
CHAPTER 4 CONCEPT AND DESIGN PROPOSAL
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Area Analysis Table 4 Area Analysis
INNOVATION CENTER Area Programme S. No.
Area
Occupancy Standard Nos Area/unit m²/pax
Total Area
A.
Entrance
1
Entry Foyer
-
-
1
50
50
2.
Reception desk
-
-
1
20
20
3.
Security Room + control room
-
-
1
25
25
4.
Lounge + waiting area
50
1.2
1
7.70
70
5.
Back office
-
-
1
15
15
6.
Toilet (male)- 2wc/2wb/2ur
1
15
15
7.
Toilet (female)- 3wc/2wb
-
-
1
12
12
8.
Toilet (Handicap)- 1wb/1wc
-
-
1
2.5
2.5
B.
Administration
1.
Administration
15
10
1
150
150
3.
Manager’s office
1
20
1
20
20
4.
Accounts office
6
10
1
60
60
5.
Head’s room
1
18
3
18
54
7.
Faculty room
1
10
10
12
120
8.
Technician room
1
12
1
10
10
9.
Concierge’s room
-
-
1
25
25
11.
Toilets (male)- 2wc/2wb/3ur
-
-
1
20
20
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
12.
Toilets (Female)- 3wc/2wb
-
-
1
12
12
13.
Toilet Handicapped- 1wb/1wc
-
-
1
2.5
2.5
INNOVATION CENTER Area Programme S. No. C.
Area
Occupancy Standard Nos Area/unit m²/pax
Total Area
Open Floor Workspaces
1.
Open Plan Workspace 1
50
1
500
500
1.
Open Plan Workspace 2
50
1
400
400
1.
Open Plan Workspace 3
50
1
500
500
1.
Open Plan Workspace 4
50
1
400
400
1.
Open Plan Workspace 5
60
1
550
550
1.
Open Plan Workspace 6
70
1
700
700
INNOVATION CENTER Area Programme S. No.
Area
Occupancy Standard Nos Area/unit m²/pax
D.
Workshops
1.
Mechanical Workshop
Preparation + working
Total Area
1
80
80
Department head’s cabin
1
15
1
15
15
Workstation area
-
-
3
5
15
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Storage
-
-
2
10
20
UPS
-
-
1
3
3
1
80
80
Wood Working Workshop
Preparation + working
Department head’s office
1
15
1
15
15
Workstation area
-
-
3
5
15
Storage
-
-
2
10
20
UPS
-
-
1
3
3
1
60
60
Metal Workshop
Preparation + working
Department head’s cabin
1
15
1
15
15
Workstation area
-
-
3
5
15
Storage
-
-
2
10
20
UPS
-
-
1
3
3
1
60
60
Printing & cutting + 3D equipment
Preparation + working
Department’s head cabin
1
15
1
15
15
Workstation area
-
-
3
5
15
Storage
-
-
2
10
20
UPS
-
-
1
3
3
1
60
60
Electrical + electrical Workshop
Preparation + working
Department’s head cabin
1
15
1
15
15
Workstation area
-
-
1
3
3
Storage
-
-
2
10
20
UPS
-
-
1
3
3
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
INNOVATION CENTER Area Programme S. No. 6.
Area
m²/pax Paint shop
Preparation + working UPS
7.
Occupancy Standard Nos Area/unit
Testing Lab
1
3
Preparation + working
Total Area
1
12
12
1
3
3
1
60
60
Department head’s cabin
1
15
1
15
15
Workstation area
-
-
1
3
3
Storage
-
-
2
10
20
UPS
-
-
1
3
3
8.
Toilets (male)- 2wc/2wb/3ur
-
-
1
25
25
9.
Toilet (female)- 3wc/2wb
-
-
1
12
12
10.
Toilet (staff)- 2wc+wb
-
-
2
5
10
E.
Canteen
1.
Cafeteria + Restaurant
150
2
1
300
300
2.
Kitchen
-
-
7
7.5
1
55
55
Preparation area
1/3x of cooking
1
18
18
Cold store
1/4x of cooking
1
15
15
Cooking area
Deep freeze store
-
-
1
6
6
Dishwashing area
-
-
1
10
10
Catering area
1/5x of cooking
1
12
12
Dry store
1/5x of cooking
1
15
15
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Loading/Unloading Dock Locker room + washroom 3.
Games room + creche
4.
1/4x of cooking -
-
1
15
15
2
10
10
15
4
1
60
60
Toilets (male)- 2wc/2wb/3ur
-
-
1
20
20
5.
Toilet (female)- 3wc/2wb
-
-
1
12
12
6.
Toilet (staff)- 2wc+wb
-
-
2
5
10 721
INNOVATION CENTER Area Programme S. No.
Area
Occupancy Standard Nos Area/unit m²/pax
Total Area
F.
Library
1.
Circulation desk
4
5
1
20
20
2.
Cloak room
-
-
1
15
15
3.
Security desk
-
-
1
10
10
4.
Library office
1
25
1
25
25
5.
Study rooms
4
2.5
4
10
40
6.
Digital Library
-
-
1
50
50
-
-
1
10
10
UPS 7.
Working computer terminal
6
5
6
5
30
8.
Archive
-
-
1
15
15
9.
Library Information systems
-
-
5
3
15
10.
Reading area
200
2
1
500
500
11.
carrel
1
5
4
5
20
12.
Store room
-
-
1
25
25
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
13.
Toilet (male)- 2wc/2wb/2ur
-
-
1
18
18
14.
Toilet (female)- 2wc/2wb
-
-
1
15
15
15.
Toilet (staff)- 2wc+wb
-
-
1
5
5
G.
Meeting Spaces
1.
Waiting Lounge + newspaper stand
15
5
1
75
75
(Divided in different floors) 2.
Meeting room
8
1.5
6
15
90
3.
Seminar room
20
2
2
40
80
4.
Conference room
30
2
1
60
60
1068
INNOVATION CENTER Area Programme S. No.
Area
m²/pax
H.
Computer Centre
1.
Computer lab Storage
2.
Data center + UPS room Storage
3.
Occupancy Standard Nos Area/unit
Central Data + Server room
Total Area
40
2.5
1
100
100
-
-
1
20
20
-
-
1
35
35
-
-
1
20
20
-
-
1
300
300
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Storage
-
-
2
10
20
400
1.5
1
600
600
1
180
180
I.
Auditorium
1.
Seating space
2.
Stage area
3.
Pre function
-
-
1
200
200
4.
Green room (m)
5
5
1
25
25
Changing room + lockers
-
-
1
12
12
washroom
-
-
1
6
6
5
5
1
25
25
Changing room + locker
-
-
1
12
12
washrooms
-
-
1
6
6
5.
1/3 of seating area
Green room (female)
6.
Make up station
6
4
1
24
24
7.
Storage room
-
-
2
25
50
8.
Main Panel Room + Projection + light+ sound room
-
-
1
30
30
-
-
1
6
6
UPS 9.
Toilet (male)- 3wc/3wb/3ur
-
-
1
10
10
10.
Toilet (female)- 3wc/3b
-
-
1
6
6
1687
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
INNOVATION CENTER Area Programme S. No.
Area
m²/pax
G.
Experience Centre
1.
Experience centre Storage room
2.
Occupancy Standard Nos Area/unit
Exhibition space Storage room
1/3 of exhibit 200
2.5
1/3 of exhibit
Total Area
1
200
200
2
25
50
1
500
200
2
25
50
1
50
50
3.
Lounge
5.
Storage
-
-
4
20
80
6.
Toilets (male)- 2wc/3wb/3ur
-
-
1
10
10
7.
Toilets (female)- 3wc/3wb
-
-
1
6
6
8.
Toilets (staff)- 2wc+2wb
-
-
1
4
4
TOTAL = 8400 30% Circulation
2530
GROSS TOTAL 11,000m²
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
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64
CHAPTER 5 INTERIOR DESIGN
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Criteria of Selection: Interior design is a field that unifies the materials in a built space, following the spatial planning and orientation of the project. The incubation hub essentially focuses upon criteria of planning that help increasing the productivity and creativity of the employees in a closed environment. To understand the same and understand the criteria which might help enhance a close workspace, such as, the use of materials, use of daylight, placement of different workspaces and energy consumption, interior designing is required.
Objectives: 1. To study and analyse the different office spaces and their requirements accordingly. 2. To study the concepts and theories related to creating a productive and creative working environment 3. To study and analyse the workspaces according to the requirements of daylight, and hence helping reduce the energy consumptions of the built environment. 4. Conclude and apply the inferences collected from various case studies and surveys to design the said spaces.
65
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Methodology:
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
Johnson’s Wax Administrative Building Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Location: Racine, Wisconsin, U.S.A “Instead of a building being series of boxes and closets, we need it to be more and more open and provide more sense of spaces” -Frank Lloyd Wright
Fig 44. Johnson’s wax building
source: scjohnson.com Fig 45. The great workroom
source: scjohnson.com
The SC Johnson and Son Administration Building is one of Frank Lloyd Wright’s most important statements about the nature of office buildings. The most prominent Figure 44 feature of this building is the GREAT WORKROOM 45mx65m, which house Figure 45 approximately 200 employees. Degree of openness: The workroom consisted of 60 Dendriform (tree like) columns each 6.5m in height. The expansion in height creates a release of spatial compression making the interior space seem larger.
Figure 46. Column source: canadianarchitect.com Figure 47. Degree of openness while keeping privacy
67
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Columns were 9 inches in diameter on the base and subsequently increase as it goes higher, with a top termed as “Lilly Pads” by the architect. These columns were so elegantly skinny that the possessed no visual obstruction. And the naturals lighting from the ceiling kept the space well lit. Even though the building was designed to give an open feeling, employees work privacy factor was very well kept in mind. The office space was divided in departments which enhanced Team Privacy, and the visual connection was broken down by well-designed furniture layout, shelves and cabinets of height 2m.
Figure 48. Floor plan
source:
Figure 49. Floor plan the great workroom
source: atlasofplace.com
atlasofplace.com
Flexibility in office space: The furniture design and layout was in such a manner that it provided the least physical barrier in the terms of circulation. It provided free movement between all the departments, providing great flexibility in an office space.
Figure 50. layout and circulation in the workroom
source: vox.com
68
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Figure 51. Manager’s office
source: vox.com
A mezzanine floor is built around the periphery of the office space which houses the particular departments manager’s office overlooking to the staff. Making sure the head of the department have an overview of his staff. Since such a large space with so many workers would face noise disturbances, which could in return cause hindrance in workers concentration. The architect used different techniques to cancel out the noise/echoing in such an open workspace. Figure 52 Column material
source: vox.com
1) The columns were sprayed with sand, since it absorbs the sound and doesn’t reflects it. Thus, preventing echoes in a closed space
2) By using cork as a sound absorbing material in the ceiling,
Figure 53. Ceiling material
source: icorkfloor.com
3) Carpet used as a flooring material since it has a very high sound absorption capacity than compared to a hard flooring. Figure 54. flooring material
source: pro-
dis.info
69
Innovation Center, Delhi.
•Google Campus Architect: Jump Studios Location: London, U.K. Area:
2300 m²
The primary function of Campus will be to provide office space for start-up companies, but the facilities will also host daily events, offer regular speaker series with leading technology and entrepreneurship experts, hold networking events and run a constant mentoring program where Google staff will share their experience and expertise with residents.
Figure 56. Reception
source: Archdaily.com
Figure 55. Informal meeting area source: Archdaily.com
Flexibility in office space: The design challenge was to take an unprepossessing seven-storey office building and to create an interplay between dynamic, open, social spaces and more intimate working hubs, with flexibility to accommodate a shifting workforce and a diverse program of events. Privacy Factor: The layout of the open floor plan was designed such that people will be able to collaborate and interact with each other while working, while also keeping in mind the privacy factor of other staff. Different team meeting/interaction zones were created around the workspace.
70
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Figure 57. Meeting rooms
source: Archdaily.com
Use of furniture layout was very well used in creating zones used for brainstorming where privacy and the least amount of distraction is required.
Figure 58. First floor plan
source: Archdaily.com
71
Innovation Center, Delhi.
Relaxation and Recreation: Spaces and circulation were designed in a manner which made people bump into each other, increasing the frequency of interaction and exchanging of ideas. Different recreation zones were provided for the staffs.
Figure 59. Lower Ground floor plan
source: Archdaily.com
Café was provided on campus where 2 or a group of people can sit and collaborate, since the campus was designed for you entrepreneurs the exchange of ideas was a key factor.
Figure 60. Café
source: Archdaily.com
A large workbench for informal workshops and seminars occupies the front of the space. The half-pipe room behind a wooden warehouse door offers a calm and muted atmosphere to brainstorm new business ideas or simply relax after lunch.
72
Innovation Center, Delhi.
By stripping back, the building to its core, exposing all services, revealing the existing structure of ceiling slabs and columns and combining this with utilitarian and inexpensive materials such as linoleum and plywood a raw aesthetic has been created not dissimilar to a garage or workshop. This low-tech environment has then been furnished with several autonomous objects, which emanate a strong presence in the space: Sound absorbing materials were used such as Plywood, and unfinished rough surfaces. These techniques minimized the sound disturbances caused in the space. And allowed the staff to do focused work
Figure 61. Concentration Pods made of wood and metal
source: Archdaily.com
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Innovation Center, Delhi.
• 9Gag Headquarters Architect: LAAB Architects Location: Hong Kong, China Situated in Tsuen Wan District, Hong Kong, the headquarter is the home to almost 80Million monthly visitors. 9GAG is said to be the world’s leading online social platform for fun content. The task in hand for the architects was to align with the vision, transparency, sharing, and sense of community as designing a concept for the headquarters.
Figure 62. Open plan workspace
source: Archdaily.com
The site for this mission was a mundane warehouse on an industrial high-rise in Hong Kong. LAAB Architects turned the place into an edgy office with immense amounts of sunlight coming through perimeter windows. The interior of the office was primarily inspired by the web and app interface of 9GAG, a minimalist black and white atmosphere set against a raw industrial shell preserved as an artifact. The 5000 square feet of the area consists of three notable spaces, namely, “9PARK”, “9SHEDS”, “9DESKS.” Relaxation and Recreation: 9PARK - The name itself describes a voluminous, open spatial character. The undefined territory is large enough to cater to a range of activities like huge town hall events, daily meetings, lounging, etc. The following is adjacent to the open workspace and segregated by concentration pods.
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Figure 63. 9PARK
Figure 64. 9SHED
source: Archdaily.com
source: Archdaily.com
Privacy Factor: 9DESK- The space consists of islands of open desks(white) designed flexibly for different project teams, shared based on daily requirements. The adjustable sit-stand stations allow the employees to work in their desired position. 9SHEDS- As the name suggests, this area consists of enclosed meeting rooms along the edge of the desk area. The rooms are designed to fit various types of workshops and meetings, defined by elements like transparency, mood, particular dimensions of the working desk, and privacy.
Figure 67. Floor Plan
Figure 65. Floor Plan
source: Archdaily.com
Figure 66. Floor Plan
source: Archdaily.com
source: Archdaily.com
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Degree of Openness: The office defines the degree of openness without compromising the privacy of the staff members. To achieve the same, rigid segregated elements like brick walls were not used. The ingenious use of concentration pods and glass walls not only helped in maintaining privacy but also preserve a visual connection between employees. The use of periphery windows to inculcate daylight helped space become visually enhancing and brighter.
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CHAPTER 6 MECHANICAL DESIGN
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1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Design Basis Report (DBR) describes the parameters, calculations and selection of specific mechanical systems and operational methods which will be adopted in a project. This Design Basis Report is to be read in conjunction with the drawings. It forms a statement for design intent, codes and standards, references and functional requirements for the project. The purpose of this document is to analyses the data and mechanisms required for designing of mechanical services with respect to the project programme. The primary objective of this design basis report (DBR) is to illustrate and explain to its reviewing audience the primary factors, elements, conditions and /or assumptions considered in developing the facility systems and components, to provide a fundamental foundation for the detailed multi-engineering design in design building phase which will serve as guidelines for the development of project.
1.2 PROJECT INTRODUCTION Innovation hubs aim to discover or create innovative technology solutions for companies to help them in a variety of ways, such as competing in a new market, acquiring customers at lower costs, or developing new tools to do work more efficiently. Since India is a country with very high unemployment rate, people need to create more jobs and facilitate in Make in India movement.
The project comprises mainly of a large open floor plan office with labs and administration area. Since, major part of the building is exposed to sun and roof is being heated throughout the day. The objective of air cooling is to establish a stable thermal environment which satisfies the majority of employees/students with respect to comfort under all the climatic conditions to which the building is subjected. Hence it is decided to design Variable Refrigeration Volume (VRV) System for better functioning in the concourse as well as in Labs for better comfort to the users for the entire day.
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Stake Holder: Guru Gobind Indraprastha University
1.3 BROAD REQUIREMENTS Auditorium/ Expo = 1750 sqm Library = 700 sqm Waiting Spaces = 700 sqm Cafeteria = 450 sqm Open floor offices 1 (3) = 550 x 3 sqm = 1650 sqm Open floor offices 1 (3) = 400 x 3 sqm = 1200 sqm Admin area = 420 sqm Utilities = 360 sqm Laboratories (3)= 330 x 3 sqm = 1000 sqm
1.4 OBJECTIVES 1. To evaluate the climatic conditions and heat load of a building to identify a suitable conditioning system in the building. 2. To understand the calculations and placements of various equipments associated with the appropriate conditioning system. 3. To design an efficient ventilation system for large spaces having multi -height courts creating a comfortable conditioned space for the users.
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_______________________ STANDARDS AND BYLAWS
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Air change / Hour for CMM Calculation Table 5 Ventilation requirement
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Air change / Hour for CMM Calculation
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_______________________ STATISTICAL DATA AND CALCULATIONS
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4.1 BASIC FORMULAE Steps For Calculation 1) Identify Area and Occupancy of a Zone 2) Heat Load (TR) = Area (sqm)* 312.6 3) Occupancy Load = No. of Occupants * 600 4) Equipment Load = No. of equipment * 3.4 5) Total Load = Heat Load of area + Occ. Load + Equipment Load 6) Solar Adjustments = -10% for shaded areas +10% for exposed areas 7) Tonnage = Total Adjusted Load / 12,000 8) CFM = Tonnage * 400
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LIBRARY: 1. 700 x 312.6 = 221340 2. 10% of BTU = 10% of 221340 = 22134 3. No. of persons x 600 200 x 600 = 1,20,000 Total Heat Load = 221340 + 22134 + 120000 = 363474 Tonnage = heat load / 12,000 = 363474 / 12000 = 30 Ton (approx.)
WAITING SPACES: 1. 700 x 312.6 = 221340 2. 10% of BTU = 10% of 221340 = 22134 3. No. of persons x 600 60 x 600 = 36,000 Total Heat Load = 221340 + 22134 + 36000 = 2,79,474 Tonnage = heat load / 12,000 = 279474 // 12000 = 24 Ton (approx.)
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OPEN FLOOR OFFICE: 1. 550 x 312.6 = 171930 2. 10% of BTU = 10% of 171930 = 17193 3. No. of persons x 600 50 x 600 = 30,000 Total Heat Load = 171930 + 17193 + 30000 = 2,19,123 Tonnage = heat load / 12,000 = 2,19,123 / 12000 = 19 Ton (approx.) = 19 x 3 = 57 Ton
OPEN FLOOR OFFICE: 1. 400 x 312.6 = 1,25,040 2. 10% of BTU = 10% of 125040 = 12504 3. No. of persons x 600 45 x 600 = 27,000 Total Heat Load = 125040 + 125040 + 27000 = 1,65,544 Tonnage = heat load / 12,000 = 1,65,544 / 12000
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= 14 Ton (approx.) = 14 x 3 = 42 Ton CAFETARIA: 1. 450 x 312.6 = 1,40,670 2. 10% of BTU = 10% of 140670 = 14067 3. No. of persons x 600 150 x 600 = 90000 Total Heat Load = 140670 + 14067 + 90000 = 2,44,737 Tonnage = heat load / 12,000 = 2,44,737 / 12000 = 21 Ton (approx.)
LABORATORIES: 1. 1000 x 312.6 = 3,12,600 2. 10% of BTU = 10% of 3,12,600 = 31260 3. Equipment Load = no. of equipment x 3.4 = 24 x 3.4 = 82 3. No. of persons x 600 60 x 600 = 36000 Total Heat Load = 312600 + 32160 + 36000 + 82 = 3,79,942
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Tonnage = heat load / 12000 = 347542 / 12000 = 32 Ton (approx.)
ADMIN AREA: 1. 420 x 312.6 = 1,31,292 2. 10% of BTU = 10% of 131292 = 13129 3. No. of persons x 600 20 x 600 = 12000 Total Heat Load = 131292 + 13129 + 12000 = 1,56,421 Tonnage = heat load / 12,000 = 1,56,421 / 12000 = 13 Ton (approx.)
AUDITORIUM : 1. 1750 x 312.6 = 5,47,050 2. 10% of BTU = 10% of 547050 = 54705 3. No. of persons x 600 500 x 600 = 3,00,000 Total Heat Load = 547050 + 54705 + 300000 = 9,01,755
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Tonnage = heat load / 12,000 = 9,01,755 / 12000 = 75 Ton (approx.)
UTILITIES : 1. 360 x 312.6 = 1,12,536 2. 10% of BTU = 10% of 112536 = 11254 3. No. of persons x 600 120 x 600 = 72000 Total Heat Load = 112536 + 11254 + 72000 = 1,95,790 Tonnage = heat load / 12,000 = 195790 / 12000 = 17 Ton (approx.)
CFM CALCULATIONS
There are 3 steps for CFM calculations
Step 1
Calculate volume of that zone in Cubic feet Step 2
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Multiply cubic volume of room by the number of times you want air to turn over or exchange in an hour Step 3 Divide answer of step 2 by 60
Cafeteria 63 x 400 = 25200
Library 30 x 400 = 12000 Waiting Spaces 24 x 400 = 9600 Open Floor Office 57 x 400 = 22800 Open Floor Office 42 x 400 = 16800 Labs 32 x 400 = 12800 Admin 13 x 400 = 5200 Auditorium 75 x 400 = 30000
FIRE CALCULATION AND PROVISIONS
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Site Area = 15000 m² Built-up Area = 10,700 m² Total number of occupants = 1000 occupants
Type of Installation • Fire Extinguisher – to be installed at 5’ above the ground level and at the maximum distance of 50’-70’ • First Aid Hose Reel – Distance between hose reel allowed is 36m with a 4m spray from the nozzle •Automatic Sprinkler Sprinklers - with spray radius of 1.5m and located at a distance of 3m c/c. For rooms where sprinkler could not be given at the ceiling, wall sprinklers are installed that could provide efficient fire control. Water Supply (liter) •Terrace Tank over respective terrace. •At the terrace level with minimum pressure of 3.5kg/m3 Travel distance from one end to other 30m Fire dampers shall be located in air ducts and return air ducts/passages at the following points: i) At the fire separation wall. ii) Where ducts/passages enter the central vertical shaft. iii) Where the ducts pass through floors. iv) At the inlet of supply air duct and the return air duct of each compartment on every floor. Hydrants for firefighting and hose reels shall be located in the lobby in firefighting shaft. Those hydrants planned to be provided near fire exit staircase on the floor shall be within 5 m from exit door in exit access. • Fire Stair case must be present at a distance of 25m from any point.
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_______________________ AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
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5.1 INTRODUCTION OF SYSTEM Mechanical services work involves the construction, installation, replacement, repair, alteration, maintenance, testing or commissioning of a mechanical heating or cooling system in commercial and residential buildings, for example air conditioning, refrigeration and air handling systems. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. It involves the process of exchanging or replacing air in any place to provide high quality indoor air, which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, etc. from the air. Building cooling load components are; direct solar radiation, transmission load, ventilation/infiltration load and internal load. Calculating all these loads individually and adding them up gives the estimate of total cooling load. The load, thus calculated, constitutes total sensible load. 5.2 Variable Refrigerant Volume (VRV) VRV system should be adopted to maintain different temperature in variety of rooms and spaces.
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VRV systems act as multi-split systems, connecting multiple indoor units with one centralized outdoor condensing unit assembly, providing simultaneous heating and cooling and heat recovery in various zones. Outdoor unit shall be designed for connecting all the indoor units.
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VRV systems are non-traditional HVAC systems, in comparison with conventional ducted systems circulating the air or chilled-water throughout the building. The term VRF indicates the ability of the system to vary and control the refrigerant flow through multiple evaporator coils to provide individual temperature control in various mechanical comfort zones.
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For fresh air used centralized treated fresh air unit for each zone
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The VRV system designed is cooling and heating type to cater summer and winter load efficiently.
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VENTILATION SYSTEM: • Mechanical system to be considered for toilets, kitchens, dining and individual floor smoke extraction, HVAC plant room, STP plant as per NBC 2016. CULTURAL CONVENTION CENTRE 56 • Emphasis on maintaining adequate fresh air quality, removal/ Exhaust of state air, particular matter and noxious gases. • Fan design, selection and sizing in accordance with provision stated in NBC 2016. INDOOR AIR QUALITY • Emphasis on maintaining desirable indoor air quality by selecting and controlling parameter of temperature, air flow and humidity level and air changes per hour. • Design according to indoor air quality parameters i.e., ISHRAE, AHRAE. • Energy efficient air conditioner with inverter driven compressors may be considered wherever necessary depending upon the suitability and applicability. • Air cooled VRV system complete with outdoor and indoor system for various zones
DESIGN CRITERIA: 1. Heat load of various zones are very small. 2. To provide comfort to patient in harsh weather conditions. 3. The VRV system provides both heating and cooling for all indoor units. 4. It is energy efficient system and provides installation flexibility as there is only one outdoor system for multiple indoor system. 5. One outdoor unit for multiple indoor units, saving space and installation costs 6. Each indoor unit is individually controllable by its user and a variety of unit styles can be mixed and matched to suit individual tenancy requirements (e.g. high wall units, cassettes, and ducted units).
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7. The ability to use long pipe runs so the outdoor units can be located in “out of the way” places (where users cant see them) 8. Creating comfortable conditions for users in space like patient ward, multipurpose hall, day-care room and recreational room. SCOPE OF WORK: 1. Air cooled VRV system complete network design with outdoor & Indoor units. 2. U-PVC Pipe for VRV/VRF/DX Split drain pipe to be provided. 3. Fresh air provision for ceiling suspended VRV (heat pump type) Indoor Units shall be considered as per relevant codes & standards. TFA (Treated Fresh Air Units) to be provided to these units/feeding areas. 4. The Outdoor Units for VRV/VRF System (Heat pump type) have to be installed in a completely open spaces, where it can easily discharge heat to the environment. 5. The design shall be done in accordance with Norms established by GRIHA for HVAC System design, provisions stated in NBC 2016, latest ECBC and conforming to the latest ISHRAE, ASHRAE and NABH Standards. PIPE 1) SUCTION PIPE: Diameter of suction pipe is always larger than that of liquid pipe, ranges from 15mm,18mm,20mm etc 2) LIQUID PIPE: Diameter of liquid pipe varies with the load of the Indoor Unit. 0.5 TON - 1.5 TON @ 6mm,9mm 2.0 TON - 4.0 TON @ 12mm,15mm 3) DRAIN PIPE: Drain pipes takes out the water from the tray with diameter ranges from 20mm-25mm.They are majorly of UPCV, CPVC OR PVC Pipes
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COMPONENTS OF VRV NOTE: Components like outdoor units is to be decided on the calculation stating that 1 HP capacity needed for 0.9 ton of load.
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SCHEMATIC LAYOUT Library:
Outdoor unit = 60HP, 56HP, 24HP Indoor unit = 9 x 3 Ton cassette, 3 x 1 Ton cassette, 1 x 2 Ton cassette
Cafeteria:
Outdoor unit = 56HP, 44HP
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Indoor unit (Cassette) = 7 x 3 ton cassette Open floor workspace 1:
Outdoor unit = 24HP, 44HP Indoor unit (Cassette) = 2 x 2 Ton cassette, 3 x 3 Ton cassette
Open floor workspace 2:
Outdoor unit = 48HP x 2
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Indoor unit (Cassette) = 3 Ton cassette, 6 x 3 Ton wall mounted, Admin Area:
Outdoor unit = 60HP Indoor unit (Cassette) = 5 x 2 Ton cassette, 2 Ton wall mounted, 1 Ton wall mounted
Laboratories:
Outdoor unit = 58HP
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Indoor unit (Cassette) = 2 x 4 Ton cassette, 2 x 2 Ton cassette Open workspace 3:
Outdoor unit = 38HP, 44HP Indoor unit (Cassette) = 6 x 3 Ton cassette, 2 Ton cassette
Open workspace 4:
Outdoor unit = 2 x 48HP Indoor unit (Cassette) = 8 x 3 Ton cassette
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Auditorium:
Outdoor unit = 4 x 60HP, 2 x 48HP Indoor unit (Cassette) = 14 x 3 Ton cassette, 2 x 3 Ton cassette, 6 x 5 Ton cassette
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BIBLIOGRAPHY: •Ricci, Natalie. The Pscyhological impact of Architectural Design; Claremont Mckenna College, 2018. •Croome, Derek John Clements. Creating the Productive Workplace; University of Reading, 2000. •Gutnik, Limor. A workplace design that reduces employee stress and increases employee producitivity using environmentally responsible materials; Eastern Michigan University, 2007. •Ethan Bernstein, Ben Waber. The truth about open offices; Harvard Business Review, 2019 •Saxons Training Facility. The Impact Of Office Layout On Productivity; https://www.saxonstrainingfacilities.com.au/blog/workplace/impact-officelayout-productivity/ •Tank, Aytekin. Why It's Time to Ditch Open Office Plans; https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/327142 •Johnson’s Wax Administrative Building, Wisconsin, U.S.A. https://arquiscopio.com/archivo/2013/02/24/sede-de-la-empresa-johnsonwax/?lang=en https://www.archdaily.com/90519/ad-classics-s-c-johnson-and-sonadministration-building-frank-lloyd-wright •Google Campus, London, U.K. http://jump-studios.com/projects/google-campus-london/ https://www.archdaily.com/232170/google-campus-jump-studios •9Gag Headquarters, Hong Kong, China https://www.archdaily.com/782606/9gag-office-laab-architects
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