Research pack for Forecasting by Danny Williams

Research Pack Danny Williams 1005992 EFMM5001 Fashion Forecasting & Sustainable Futures

I N

2 0 5 0

W H A T

W I L L

T H E

W O R L D

L O O K

L I K E ?

DYstopiA ?

UTopia ?

Contents page Page 1 to 4 - Introduction Page 5 - Contents Page 6 to 8 - Economical PESTEL Page 9 to 14 - Politcal PESTEL Page 15 to 21 - Socio/Cultural PESTEL Page 22 to 29 - Environmental PESTEL Page 30 to 40 - Technology PESTEL Page 41 to 47 - Film/Short Film Inspiration Page 48 to 51 - Secondary Consumer Research Page 52 to 60 - Primary Consumer Research Page 61 to 64 - Inspiration Street Style Snaps Page 65 to 73 - Secondary Forecasting Research Page 74 to 80 - Sustainable Research Page 81 to 85 - Sustainable Group Work Page 86 to 101 - Referencing Page 102 to 105 - Bibliography 5

Economical FActors - UK Government spending reached £745 billion, £11.5 billion over budget. - USA Government shut down due to the Fiscal Federal Budget wasn’t passed, closing most major landmarks.

n e m ern v o US G down shuts

Cyprus

goes ba

nkrupt

- Cyprus goes bankrupt at the beginning of 2013, thousands of banks shut, and dust collects on unused ATM vendors.

l a i s c i n e a c n e fi e r G ing k e e t s u o l bai

Economical FActors

In the UK part time jobs have become more accessable than full time jobs, meaning no ones jobs are protected. (BBC News 2013)

Part time jobs have become more accessable to the public, meaning more people are in the job. (BBC News 2013)

People claiming Jobseekers allowence fell from 32,600 to 1.402 million the lowest it’s been since February in 2009. (BBC News, 2013)

People on Jobseekers allowence are being made to do community service to earn the £117 billion the government spend on the welfare. (Worldometers 2013)

More money is spent on social benefits than protection (fire, police, ambulance) and transport. (Economicshelp, July 2013)

Government money is focused on pensions, healthcare and defence as a prioirty. (Economicshelp, July 2013)

Interest rates on savings have been stuck at 0.5%, the lowest it’s been since March 2009 (ThisisMoneyUK, 2013)

Interest rates are slowly on the rise while banks try to help new consumers with morgatges, debt and money lending issues. (ThisisMoneyUK 2013)

Small loan lending companies have been critisied for targeting the financially vulnerable with extortionate interest rates. (Express.co.uk, 2013)

Loans are easier to get hold off to help people through pay day, doing it online, without having to talk to anyone, or go through long bank credit checks.

RATES

TUITION

UNEMPLOYMENT

PETROL

SOCIAL SERVICE

FISCAL FEDERAL BUDGET

OUT OF

STUDENT LOANS

CUTS BUDGET 1.3 MILLION LOSE JOBS IN THE UK GAS MORTGAGES RAISING HOUSE PRICES OVER-SPENT BUDGET BAIL STRIKES USA P E N S I O N S OUT MACROECONOMICS

7.9 MILLION LOSE JOBS IN THE US

JOB SEEKERS LOW INTEREST BILLION DOLLAR DEBT

WELFARE

DEBT

PAYDAY LOANS INCREASE INFLATION

CYPRUS FEES GREECE DEFLATION

T E A C H E R S U N I O N MICROECONOMICS 0.5%

BUSINESS GOVERNMENT SPENDING MICROECONOMICS

FEDERAL EMPLOYEES NOT BEING PAID P A R T T I M E O N L Y

ECONOMICAL FACTORS

CLOSED DUE TO RECESSION

GOVERNMENT SHUT DOWN OBAMACARE BUDGET

FINANCE

INTEREST 2,895% APR CLOSING EUROZONE BENEFITS RATES DOWN RECESSION BANKRUPT PAYMENT

Political FActors Immigration

Not only have illegal immigrants been chased up in the UK, rogue employee’s have been chased up too, and asked why they haven’t asked to see credentials and any proof that they live in the UK legally. October the 12th saw a Preston chicken factory get raided by the immigration police, finding 33 illegal workers and charging the company £10,000 for each use of illegal immigrants. The immigrants were noted to be people come from war-torn countries, like Afghanistan. (The Guardian 2013) What are the Government doing about it? In October, the Home Office sent out over 30,000 texts to possible illegal immigrants, and sending out vans warning that Britian is on the case of the immigration problem it faces. Since then the Government have been thinking of possible ways to control the immigration problem at the start - border control.

1 IN 3 LONDON RESIDENTS ARE BORN OUTSIDE THE UK

Political FActors Immigration UK businesses rely on a significant number of EU immigrant workers. Between 2003 and 2013, the number of non-UK EU-born citizens in employment in the UK more than doubled from 762,000 to 1,647,000. Immigrant EU workers play important roles in several UK sectors. In the financial and business services sectors, non-UK EU-born citizens make up 6.4 per cent of the total workforce while in the manufacturing sector they make up 6.7 per cent. Those migrants from the established EU 14 countries are more likely to be in higher managerial or professional occupations and they also earn 7.6% (ÂŁ2,035) on average more than UK workers. This means that on average they are more productive than their UK counterparts and indicates they play a significant role in the UK economy. (The Guardian 2013)

Political FActors - Immigration Non-UK EU-born citizens in emploment more than doubled in the UK from 762,000 to 1,647,000, which means UK citzens have to battle more to get even the basic jobs. (The Guardian) Most immigrants come to the country illegally and don’t apply for permentant or temporary visas. (Immigration statistics April - June 2013) Most immigrants don’t try to converse with western concepts, such as LGBT rights, womens rights. (Wikipedia) Immigrants are the main cause of violence, domestic violence and assault accross the UK. (Immigration Laws 2013) illegal immigrants are paid much less than minimum wage, and face deportation if caught working without a visa. (The Guardian 2013)

6.4% of immigrant employers in the EU are part of the workforce, doing jobs that most EU citizens don’t want to do. (Immigration statistics April - June 2013) Immigrants from outside the EU work in manufacturing based jobs, making up 6.7% of the total workforce. (Immigration statistics April - June 2013) Migrants from the EU are more likely to be in higher managerial work roles and earn on average 7.6% more than UK workers. (Immigration statistics April - June 2013) Migrants who work in more professional jobs roles are significant in the UK economy. (Immigration statistics April June 2013) Companies are now being asked to see working credentials of their employees to make sure they’re allowed to live & work in the UK. (The Guardian 2013)

Political FActors CCTV Britain Britain has over 4.9 million CCTV cameras in the country, over the high street, motorways, schools and carehomes. People believe that the privacy of the public is being terminated by being watched 24/7 Although, with all these CCTV cameras, it is a controversial matter, is it for security? or are we being watched by the Government? Some people believe it’s used to win diplomatic points, mostly for security purposes or even to extremes to help the ‘war on terror’ “This report is another stark reminder of how out of control our surveillance culture has become.” Nick Pickles, director of the privacy campaign Big Brother Watch.

CCTV is a primary security method used in Airports, train stations, and docks to make sure immigration and security is tightly checked. Keeping a watchful eye of Britians borders to keep illegal immigration low.

Political FActors CCTV is thought to be a conspiracy, some people believe the Government are watching us in a ‘Big Brother’ like campaign. “CCTV is a negative and a positive promotion in Britains eye, whilst people are appreciative in the fact they’re being kept safe, people are also wondering, where, when and what are the Government watching?’ (Nick Pickles)

CCTV plastered all over Britian means a heightened level of security. CCTV monitors motorways to make sure traffic accidents/clear ups are kept to a minimum. (The Telegraph online) CCTV is also believed to be helping on the war on terror, as CCTV was closely monitored soon after the bombings on the London bus and Tube (BBC News)

Summary of Politcal Factors These two factors were focused on the security of Britain, what is the Government doing to keep us safe? Immigration is at an all time high, and people believe that immigrants are a main cause of violence across the UK. As well as terrorist attacks coming from dominant muslim countries, such as the July 7th bombings and even smaller issues, as stabbings, muggings and murders becoming more common in immigrant based areas. is Big Brother Britian doing what it can by surveying our every step? and How will this effect our future? Will Britain become a eastern culutred dominated country? Will the Government stand up and create more security to stop these incidents from 13 happening?

SURVEILLANCE

IMMIGRATION ATMUSLIM ALL TIME HIGH CULTURE BORN OUTSIDE THE EU DOMINANT

DIPLOMATIC

WON’T ACCEPT WESTERN CONCEPTS

EFFECTING THE UK ECONOMY

COMPANIES FACE FINES PAID 7.6% MORE THAN UK WORKERS

4.9 MILLION CAMERAS RECORD FIGURES MORE THAN CHINA WORK VISA’S CANCELLED

6.7% OF THE WORKFORCE

T A X P A Y E R S M O N E Y

ISLAMIC

L E V E L S

JULY 7TH

HIGH CCTV

‘THERE IS A CCTV CAMERA FOR EVERYONE 1 IN 11 PEOPLE IN THE UK’ (Telegraph, July 10th)

LIVING IN THE UK LEGALLY

1,647,000 IMMIGRANTS

THREAT

BIG BROTHER BRITAIN J U L Y 7 T H TERRORISM E A S T E R N C U L T U R E ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS SECURITY K E P T S A F E ? DOMESTIC VIOLENCE P R I V A C Y VIOLENCE BORDER CONTROL ARRESTING GOVERNMENT ASSULT FROM IMMIGRANTS

IMMIGRATION

POLITICAL FACTORS

CLAIMING SOCIAL BENEFITS

SOCIO/CULTuRAL FActors RELIGION IN BRITAIN Britain is at a pinicle of religious debate, As the population of Britain grows more and more each year, the more diverse the country is becoming. Although we’ve seen an uprise of Islamic culture in Britain recently, by 2030 Christianity is said to be over taken by Agnostics and Athiests. Due to every year 750,000 are accounted for being non-religious. But whilst Athiesm is on the rise so is the Islamic culutre in Britain, by 2010 there had been a staggering 36% rise in the Muslim practise, but even now with more of the population Muslim, Brits still have mixed views on the people and their beliefs. “Of the 1,000 people questioned, 28% said Britain would be better off with fewer Muslims, while 44% said Muslims did not share the same values as the rest of the population. Some 60% thought the British public had a negative image of Muslims.” (Sima Kotecha, BBC Newsbeat, Sept 2013) 15

31.59% of the worlds population is

Christian

221300000 of the worlds population are Christians Thats 1 in every 31 one people on the earth

Buddhists make up

23.2% of the world are muslims, most residing in india

7.1%

11.44% are sub religions or a minoity

of the worlds population

Athesim takes11.67% of the population. but is rapidly growing

1 5 % Are HIndu, The worlds 3rd largest

SOCIO/CULTuRAL FActors A neo-Nazi student waging his own oneman race war has confessed to murdering a Muslim pensioner and trying to bomb three mosques. Hate preacher Anjem Choudary being used in AlShabaab recruiting video as terror groups target British Muslims who question radical Islam 7th July 2005 - When Terror Attacks Hit London

September 11th - Terrorism Strikes World Trade Centre. ‘Wear a poppy, don’t burn it’: Muslim leaders urge followers to show respect for Remembrance Sunday

Newsline: U.S. Embassy in Uganda on alert for possible terror attack 17

What if religion was abolished? would murder and extremism stop? Would wars come to an end? Would countries get along better? Dividing of nations stop? would terrorism exist? Stop Disputes?

SOCIO/CULTURAL FACTORS GAY RIGHTS England and Wales have now passed the Gay marriage bill, which allows same sex couples to be lawfully wedded in England and Wales. Although the law has not been enacted but will be by July 2014, same sex couples can still be civilly married. This bill was condemmed by some politicians as some believed it would be then leading to such things as polygamy and beasiality, as well as it being a clash with certain religions. Most relgious groups also condemmed this bill as it hadn’t followed in line with certain religious beliefs. “Religion tends to be in its very nature conservative... Which means resistant to change, the LGBT Rights Agenda is progressive and constantly testing the norms of society” (Walsh, James J. Director of Campaigns for Out4Marriage, 2013)

SOCIO/CULTURAL FACTORS Religion has divided nations and opinions, with almost 60% of Britainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s having a negative opinion on Muslim and Islamic culture.

Countries are now seeing a wider range of diversity, with most countries inhabiting a small population of every religion.

Religion has been seen to be a spotlight in wars, from the Ottoman wars in Europe to World War II, where Hitler believed Christianity to be the higher religion.

Religion promotes good values among people, starting from young ages.

Terror attacks such as 9/11 and the July 7th bombings in London are due to religious extremists. Religion has a negative impact on the modern day social scene, such as with LGBT rights, who are trying to power through Politics and Religion to recieve equal rights.

Religion is a major source of charity, The Salvation Army being the main UK Christian based charity, helping people all over the nation. Religion is also seen to create community - people who join places of worship are often united with people with the same beliefs, creating a friendship community.

Summary of Socio/Cultural Factors With Athiesm becoming more popular in nations, are we heading towards a future that would include no religion? Would this stop disputes over womens rights, gay rights, and possibly stop terrorism? 20

XENOPHOBIA

VIOLENCE

RIGHTS

750,000 A YEAR DECALRE ATHIESM

EQUAL RIGHTS

PREACHING “Better off with fewer muslims”

EDL

AGNOSTIC

36%

RISE IN MUSLIM PRACTISE (UK)

“Not sharing UK values” OTHER RELIGIONS NOT ACCEPTING WESTERN CULUTE

NEGATIVE IMPACT POSITIVE IMPACT

DISPUTE CONSERVATIVE NEO-NAZI IN NATURE GENOCIDE MURDER IMMIGRATION ATHEISM CULTURAL DIVIDE CULTURE CLASH

CHARITY

CHRISTIANITY MAY BE A MINORITY

RELIGION WAR DIVERSITY WAR ON TERROR

HOLY TERRORISM JULY 7TH

WORLD WAR II SOCIETY SET “Buddhism is an understanding of peace” DOWNFALL IN CHRISTIANITY 2050, THE UK WILL BE A MUSLIM NATION R E L I G I O U S I D E N T I T Y

EXTREMISM BRITAIN GOOD VALUES

SOCIO/CULTURAL FACTORS

ENVIRONMENTAL FActors

THE AMAZON IS BEING DESTORYED AT AN ALARMING RATE 22

ENVIRONMENTAL FActors The Amazon Rainforest Deforestation is a major role played in the enviromental factors of the planet. Over the last 4 years over 441 species have been found in the Amazon Rainforest, and people believe that cures for current untreatable diseases could be found in the Rainforest. 15,180 (approx) acres of land in the rainforest are destoryed each year, due to Peruvian illegal gold mining, and the need for trees to create resources for the planet.

Estimated in 2060 all the worlds rainforests will of been cut down and destoryed, countless organisations and charities are trying to prevent this from happening.

15,000 acres are destroyed each year.

ENVIRONMENTAL FActors Worlds Rainforests Rainforests provide us with alot of products, from cosmetics like, Lipstick and Concealer to foods like Mango’s and Oranges.

Animals in the rainforest are now becoming endagered this paragraph from Curiosity.com sheds some light on the situation

Household products like furniture and soaps also come from the rainforest, but at the rate we’re using them, these products will be twice as expensive and less accessable by 2025.

‘In the 2010 update of the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species, 17,315 species were listed as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered. That’s out of 1,740,330 described species (which is probably only a fraction of the number of species actually in existence)’

Today only 12% of the original Amazon Rainforest exists, illegal logging and mining are big contributers to this, as the wood

is used to heat our planet, and the land is used for agricultural purposes to feed South American towns and cities. Without the rainforests, Global Warming will continue to rise as trees and planets will not be able to combat C02 emmisions.

Not only animals are included in this, species of plants and trees are also being destoryed along with deforestation. Countless charities fund the rainforest to help preserve the wild life

OIL & FUEL

Speculation over the Earth running out of oil is a big subject when it comes to the Earths natural resources. According to the Telegraph, the planet has more oil than is needed, and is still a very valuble resource to trade and sell in. But... “There are an estimated 1.3 trillion barrels of proven oil reserve left in the world’s major fields, which at present rates of consumption will be sufficient to last 40 years.” (Institution of Mechanical Engineers) Oil all relates to the carbon emmisions when the world runs out of oil, what will our cars and houses be powered by?

ENVIRONMENTAL FActors Global Warming “According to the U.N., about 3.5 million deaths a year are caused by indoor air pollution while another 3.3 million are caused by outdoor air pollution.” (Michael Graham Richard, Apr 26 2013) “China’s air pollution problem - which contributed to 1.2 million deaths in the country in 2010 - has gotten sharply worse in 2013. And the threat isn’t contained to China. But things are still as ugly as ever in Beijing.” (Blump, Phillip 2013) “Every one of the past 35 years has been warmer than the 20th century average. The 12 warmest years on record have all occurred since 1998. 2012 was the hottest year ever recorded for the contiguous United States.” (UCSUCA, 2013) “Humans are producing far more carbon dioxide than plants and oceans can absorb. Limiting that production would certainly help, but the gases stay in the atmosphere for years. That means that even if emissions were eliminated entirely today, global warming would continue as a result of all the built-up carbon dioxide. That could cause temperatures and sea levels to rise for at least a century after the emissions stop.” (Emily Deruy, 2013)

ENVIRONMENTAL FActors Global Warming In the past couple of years, the sea levels have risen 7 inches (approx) which is more than the last 2000 years combined. Cities like New Orleans and New York could experience â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Veniceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; like enviroments if this carries on. If the sea levels rose 30 meters or more, London would soon see nearly half the city under water.

ENVIRONMENTAL FActors Global Warming could end up putting the planet underwater. C02 emissions are created through bulldozing the rainforests, creating a never ending cycle to the global warming cycle. Wildlife in the rainforest is being disturbed, leading to less and less of certain rare species causing extinction. When the Rainforest is destroyed, the products we use in every day life wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be easy to find, and be a lot more expensive. Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re producing more carbon dioxide than plants and the ocean can handle, which means C02 is rising at a substantial rate. Pollution also effects people, with immune systems becoming weaker and infection becoming a lot more common. 28

The Rainforests give us materials to use every day consumer products that we can not live without. Without using up so many fossil fuels, everyday life would be a stuggle, using cars, lighting, and heating would become nearly impossible. Nuclear energy is becoming more accessable, but the long term effect of the nuclear energy waste is the issue. With the loss of the rainforest, the land is now there to supply food to local villages or to be distributed across the globe. Charities are doing all they can do to help species and the planet from going extinct.

WORLD WIDE DEFECTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEMS ELECTRICITY

NEVER ENDING CYCLE FOREST FIRE

441 SPECIES

NUCLEAR POWER CORRUPTION OIL GREENHOUSE EFFECT SPILLS

EFFECT SEA LEVELS RISING A 3MM A YEAR

DEFECTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEMS PETROLEUM

2012 WAS RECORDED AS HOTTEST YEAR

15,000 ACRES DESTORYED A YEAR

NUCLEAR WASTE URANIUM

LOGGING

DEFORESTATION

CITIES UNDERWATER FLOODING RAINFALL 2025 EXTINCTION WARMEST SUMMERS DEGREE

OIL

C02 EMMISIONS

COAL DESTRUCTION

C A R B O N CHINA

COLDEST WINTERS 12% CARBON DIOXIDE

EROSION SOUTH AMERICA HEATING UP THE PLANET

POLLUTION

RARE SPECIES

GLOBAL WARMING

AMAZON RAINFOREST

P E R U

ILLEGAL MINING BIODEGRADABLE BRAZIL ILLEGAL LOGGING S U S T A I N A B L E SPECIES SEA LEVELS RISING NUCLEAR WASTE

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

TECHNOLOGY FActors Most games only need a little coding ADVANCE IN GAMING change to impliment the Omni into its A couple of decades ago, the thought of being able to put yourself dead in the centre of a virtual game was a dream by gamers. Virtuix have made this become reality with the ‘Omni’ a platform that allows yourself with a little game coding to put yourself in the game, allowing you to be the character. You can make your character walk and run, you can only see what he see’s, hear what they hear, through a special headset on this ‘technological treadmill’. Although Omni are selling these at $499.00 a pop, they’ve currently got a large backlog order till next year, as people want to live this virtual gaming life. 30

environment. This poses the question about our reality and virtual lives, with games like ‘Second Life’ becoming more reality than virtual.

TECHNOLOGY FActors THE SMARTPHONE only 25-30% of all mobile subscriptions. The number of smartphones in the world is forecast to triple to 5.6 billion by 2019, accounting for more than 60% of cellphones. Ericsson, the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest maker of telecommunications networks, says in a report it expects smartphone traffic to grow tenfold in the next six years. The Swedish firm said service providers would increase high-speed networks to deal with the surge. Total mobile subscriptions are predicted to reach 9.3 billion by 2019. Ericsson expects annual smartphone traffic to hit 10 billion gigabytes by 2019, with videos representing some 50% of all data traffic. Social networking and web services would account for 10% each, it said. It said smartphones currently make up 31 some 55% of all mobiles sold but represent

The use of smartphones means Social media and networking is more popular than ever, creating a generation that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need to buy a paper to find out daily news.

TECHNOLOGY FActors Algaculture

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Algaculture designs a new symbiotic relationship between humans and algae. It proposes a future where humans will be enhanced with algae living inside new bodily organs, allowing us to be semi-photosynthetic. Almost enabling us to become plant-like by gaining food from light. As such, we will be symbionts (meaning that both entities entirely depend on each other for survival), entering into a mutually beneficial relationship with the algae.â&#x20AC;? Technological advances such as these ones are the stepping stone for development in possibally ending world hunger. This device works by mixing carbon dioxide with sunlight and containing it altogether with a suit-embedded algae to create a sustainable food product. 32

http://news.discovery.com/tech/gear-and-gadgets/food-helmet-sustains-you-with-algae-130813.htm?SSFEAT=1400DNEWSOGRecs-1367966217880&SREF=CustomerSite&SFBState=Unknown

TECHNOLOGY FActors Over the past few months in 2013 we have seen great strides in disease treatment for uncureable diseases, one main aspect I found was in the Independent Newspaper (Taken from Independent online)

“Development to revolutionise study and treatment of a range of diseases from cancer, incurable viruses such as HIV to inherited genetic disorders such as sickle-cell anaemia and Huntington’s disease” (Steve Connor, The Independant)

The development has been hailed as a milestone in medical science because it promises in culture. Geneticists were astounded by how easy, accurate and effective it is at altering the to revolutionise the study and treatment of a range of diseases, from cancer and genetic code of any life form – and they immediately realised the therapeutic potential for incurable viruses to inherited genetic disorders such as sickle-cell anaemia and Down medicine. syndrome. “The efficiency and ease of use is completely unprecedented. I’m jumping out of my skin with For the first time, scientists are able to engineer any part of the human genome with excitement,” said George Church, a geneticist at Harvard University who led one of the teams extreme precision using a revolutionary new technique called Crispr, which has been that used Crispr to edit the human genome for the first time. likened to editing the individual letters on any chosen page of an encyclopedia without creating spelling mistakes. The landmark development means it is now possible to make “The new technology should permit alterations of serious genetic disorders. This could be done, the most accurate and detailed alterations to any specific position on the DNA of the 23 in principle, at any stage of development from sperm and egg cells and IVF embryos up to the pairs of human chromosomes without introducing unintended mutations or flaws, scientists irreversible stages of the disease,” Professor Church said. said. David Adams, a DNA scientist at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, said that the The technique is so accurate that scientists believe it will soon be used in gene-therapy technique has the potential to transform the way scientists are able to manipulate the genes of trials on humans to treat incurable viruses such as HIV or currently untreatable genetic all living organisms, especially patients with inherited diseases, cancer or lifelong HIV infection. disorders such as Huntington’s disease. It might also be used controversially to correct gene defects in human IVF embryos, scientists said. “There have been other technologies for editing the genome but they all leave a ‘scar’ behind or foreign DNA in the genome. This leaves no scars behind and you can change the individual Until now, gene therapy has had largely to rely on highly inaccurate methods of editing nucleotides of DNA – the ‘letters’ of the genetic textbook – without any other unwanted the genome, often involving modified viruses that insert DNA at random into the genome changes,” he said. – considered too risky for many patients. The new method, however, transforms genetic engineering because it is simple and easy to edit any desired part of the DNA molecule, right down to the individual chemical building-blocks or nucleotides that make up the genetic alphabet, researchers said. “Crispr is absolutely huge. It’s incredibly powerful and it has many applications, from agriculture to potential gene therapy in humans,” said Craig Mello of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, who shared the 2006 Nobel Prize for medicine for a previous genetic discovery called RNA interference. In addition to engineering the genes of plants and animals, which could accelerate the development of GM crops and livestock, the Crispr technique dramatically “lowers the threshold” for carrying out “germline” gene therapy on human IVF embryos, Professor Mello added. Germline gene therapy on sperm, eggs or embryos to eliminate inherited diseases alters the DNA of all subsequent generations, but fears over its safety, and the prospect of so-called “designer babies”, has led to it being made illegal in Britain and many other countries. The new gene-editing technique could address many of the safety concerns because it is so accurate. Some scientists now believe it is only a matter of time before IVF doctors suggest that it could be used to eliminate genetic diseases from affected families by changing an embryo’s DNA before implanting it into the womb. “If this new technique succeeds in allowing perfectly targeted correction of abnormal genes, eliminating safety concerns, then the exciting prospect is that treatments could be developed and applied to the germline, ridding families and all their descendants of devastating inherited disorders,” said Dagan Wells, an IVF scientist at Oxford University. Earlier this year, several teams of scientists demonstrated that it can also be used accurately to engineer the DNA of mouse embryos and even human stem cells grown

BLUE HIGHLIGHTED TEXT - Technology Factors GREEN HIGHLIGHTED TEXT - Sustainable Futures Factors

This breakthrough would not only benefit human beings by creating technically a ‘cure’ for current untreatable diseases before humans are even born, but could also help grow crops, food, and produce better quality meat in larger quantities for countries that supply them. Could this be the ending to some of the worlds biggest issues like Disease Famine Disease in animals e.g bird flu, mad cow disease etc... But curing these diseases may mean longer life spans, people living longer could result in over population.

TECHNOLOGY FActors T h e S O C I A L N E T WO R K R A C E

In March 2013

announced it reached 1.5 billion people activated on its site. New graph search is itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s newest innovation in social media technology

Facebook has over 874 million mobile users every month

Facebook is now valued at approximately $80 billion

48% of young Americans said they found out about news through Facebook

$$$ NEWS

Twitter has one of the most iconic logos in history that doesn’t involve the company name.

#Twitter

had 500 Million people active (Feb 2013)

135,000 people join up every day, with everyone at least tweeting 2 tweets a day. 2.1 Billion people use the search box every day, still nowhere near Googles 87.1 Billion searches every day.

##:##

It took three years, two months and one day for the first billion Tweets to be sent on the platform. The same number are now sent every 48 hours.

#hashtag was just the x background of x’s and o’s before twitter#

has 238 million users Globally # 1]USA has the most users # 2 India comes second # 3 UK follows behind with 3rd most users

2 people join linkedin every second

only 27% use LINKEDIN ON THE GO, VIA THE APP 37

and the winner is....

Social networks are forever growing, seeing more and more people in their millions join them online, whilst they become more accessable with more personal details being added more employees and companies are using these tools for pre-interviews to find out the characteristics of the person they are interviewing. It offers a lot of information on our personal lives, and can tell anyone a huge amount of information. 38

TECHNOLOGY FActors Technology is making us lazy, with most people shopping online, for food, clothing, electronics and other products. Technology can be consistantly monitored by anyone, companies, the government and the creators of social networking can tap into anyones life or profile. Phone hacking has become a large issue in recent years, with people taking advatage of mobile phones and their development. Cyberbullying is a huge issue on social networking sites, leaving some people to commit suicide over comments or threats. (Dailymail 2013) Whilst technology is growing, It’s creating obsolete outdated models which are thrown away and not easily recyclable.

Technology is advancing to help disease, much like Crispr is going to cure cancer. Technology development in social media means we are able to keep in contact with people we would before need an address and telephone number. The Linkedin network is now a place where it mixes a professional social network and career opportunity. The ‘Algaculture’ idea is a way technology is trying to help the world. This idea could be the possibility to end world hunger. Generation Y embraced this technology and now Generation Z is being taught by Generation Y to use these technologies. The use of technology is also improving science in leaps and bounds. Creating new ways to fight disease and lower crime rates.

VIRTUAL REALITY

MILLIONS OF POUNDS INVESTED IN TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENTS TREATING LINKEDIN

UNCURABLE DEVELOP DISEASES

SOCIAL NETWORKING GLOBAL S W E D E N ALGACULTURE TWITTER CURABLE INSTAGRAM LINKEDIN ALTERING DNA SAMPLES PINTEREST FLICKR BLACKBERRY FINDING NEWS THROUGH FACEBOOK HOLOGRAPHIC 135,000 PEOPLE JOINING TWITTER DEAILY EARTH SOON TO VISIT MARS IS THERE LIFE ON MARS? SPACE TRAVEL

GENERATION

BILLIONS OF USERS

CANCER CAN BE CURED FACEBOOK IS WORTH 80 BILLION DOLLARS $$

SCIENCE

LAPTOPS TABLETS COMPUTERS

GENETIC YOUTUBE IS MOST VISITED SITE D I S C O V E R Y DISORDERS A C C E L E R A T E D E V E L O P M E N T DESIGNER BABIES A GENERATION ADDICTED TO TECHNOLOGY G E N E T H E R A P Y CURING HEREDITARY DISEASES 2 PEOPLE JOIN LINKEDIN EVERY SECOND

EVIDENCE

ADVANCEMENT

VIRTUIX O M N I MILLIONS OF TWEETS SMARTPHONE B R E A K T H R O U G H FACEBOOK

HASHTAG INFORMATION VIRTUAL GAMING EXPERIENCE

SPACE RACE FUTURISTIC MULTI CHANNEL SHOPPING FACEBOOK GRAPH SEARCH ENDING WORLD HUNGER? MOBILE SUBSCRIPTIONS TO HIT 9 BILLION IN 2019

#TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS

Film/SHORT FILM inspiration Films have always had an influence for designers, The Great Gatsby, Titanic etc... have all influenced collections in years past. So I decided to look at films based in the future, what writies, directors and producers did to predict the world either in a couple of decades or in the next millennia. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve also looked through Youtube at the short films, as a lot of the films are based in a Dystopian or Utopian universe. The following pages show the films I watched, and looked into the semiotics that film has, to get a greater understanding what people think the world might be coming too.

ELYSIUM (TRISTAR PICTURES) Elysium is a film set in 2154, where Earths population is split into two. The people who can afford luxury are living on a space station (Elysium), built to supply everyone with anything, and even cure disease. Whilst the people who canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t live on Elysium are forced to live on the barren planet of Earth. This influences my trend due to the two worlds, one showing a Utopia, and one showing a run down Dystopia. Elysium shows a world where everything is perfect, whilst still controlled by a Governmental power. Elysium has the resoruces to cure injuries and disease, from a cold to cancer. This is based around a futuristic Utopia in 2154 based all upon a large space station hovering above Earth. Whilst Earth has been left in rule by cold-blooded robots that have no mercy in upholding the law. Earth is left to portray the third world and poverty stricken countries, with over population, disease, hard labour and famine. This can influence my trends as a Dystopian world, where Earth is left on itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s last legs, and the human population is slowly being killed off.

Released 9th August 2013 (USA) Director: Neill Blomkamp Writer: Neill Blomkampi http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1535108/

PLUARALITY (YOUTUBE SHORT FILM) Plurality is set in 2013 New York, where technology has improved with leaps and bounds, making crime rates fall below 1%. New York is connected through a larger than life social network ‘The Bentham Grid’ and people are being tracked wherever and whenever. ‘The Grid’ allows people to purchase, travel, unlock cars and doors, without the need of carrying keys, money and I.D. The whole city is connected to the Government, giving them complete control, but the population of New York, no privacy. The whole idea around this short film is ‘time travel’ a woman has returned to New York 2013 to stop The Bentham Grid in order to save the future, but is caught by the authorities after she is found to be a double (Plurality) of another woman living in New York and is interrogated till she breaks down. This can influence my trend with it’s leap in technology, this world is currently developing new technologies, vaccines, and sciences incredibly quickly, and this fantasy future could easily become a reality. With it’s Utopian look too, with tall sky scrapers and holographic adverts it could easily influence my ‘Utopia’ trend.

Published on Oct 1, 2012 Directed by: Dennis Liu Written by: Ryan Condal Produced by: Jonathan Hsu, Dennis Liu Cinematography by: Jon Chen Music by: Pakk Hui

MAD MAX 2: THE ROAD WARRIOR) (Kennedy Miller EntertainmenT) Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior is a film created in 1981 but based in the 21st Century. All of Earths natural resources have been burned out, and society has crumbled into a post apocolyptic state, where clans and gangs are now roaming the deserts of once populated cities, holding onto to any of the Earths last resources they can. This film not only relates back to my PESTE where the Oil & Fuel section says about how the planets running out, but also shines a light on the fact there was a notice of the shortage back in the 1980â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re still using our planets resources now. Mad Max 2 is a dystopian universe, where the Government, health care, and all civilisation has crumbled, and people have become ruthless, seeing as the Human Race will do anything to survive. The deserts, landscapes and costumes in this film are good research for my trend path of Dystopia.

Released 21st May 1982 (USA) Director: George Miller Writers: Terry Hayes, George Miller, Brian Hannant http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082694/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1

12 Monkeys (UNIVERSAL PICTURES) 1995 film ‘12 Monkeys’ is set in a future world of 1997, where a virus has wiped out the human population, and the select few that managed to avoid it are now living underground trying to reclaim the world above ground that is now a wasteland which nature and animals have retaken by sending back in time a convicted criminal to find the makers of the virus to stop them. This film takes apocolyptic ideas, time travel, psychological ideas and action and crams them altogether into one large epic post-apocolyptic adventure. This film inspiried me much like Life After People (Next Page) with how the world above ground had been taken back by nature and the elements, it depicts an over grown New York with 0 population thanks to the Virus that quickly wiped out the human race in an instant. It also shows the Underground society living in poverty, with reckless humans living in man made shacks and shelters and clothing made from scraps, giving the costumes a ‘punk’ edge.

Released 5 January 1996 (USA) Director: Terry Gilliam Writer: Chris Marker, David Webb Peoples, Janet Peoples http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0114746/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1w

LIFE AFTER PEOPLE (HISTORY CHANNEL) Life After People was a series on The History Channel depicting if Humans literally just vanished off the face of the Earth, what would happen to man made structures, animals, mechanical objects, and different environments. It shows that the Earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s man made structures, without our constant interaction would fall apart, bridges would fall into oceans, buildings would collapse in on themselves, and cities once populated by hundereds of thousands of people would just become a new landscape for jungle animals and rabid household pets. This can influence my trend in both a Utopian reference and a Dystopian one. Nature engulfing some of the worlds largest cities has a beautiful take on the planet, whilst the rusting and abandonment of arid countries and large captials has an eeire and Dystopian look on it. The colours and textures from this TV series are incredibly influential to my trends, things like the rusted Golden Gate Bridge, Abandoned London and the jungle infested New York, could play huge factors in my trends.

Released 21st January 2008 (USA) Production: Flight 33 Channel: History Channel Owned By: Hearst Corporation and the Disneyâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;ABC Television Group http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082694/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1

Children of men (UNIVERSAL PICTURES) Children of Men is a film based in the near future of 2027, where women have become infertile and the youngest person is aged at 18 years and 5 months. The UK has become the centre of immigration and assylum seekers, trying to escape the collapsing Government of their countries. This film bands together the apocolypse, governmental issues, marshal law, and immigration, which was previously mentioned in my PESTE. Children of Men posts the question of how the Human Race will end, this version, through age and infertility, which is a different take on most apocolypse films. It shows the Human Race working on curing the disease of infertitlity in women, much like how our real world is trying to cure diseases that could wipe us out, like HIV, Cancer, Flu Epidemics, and Superbugs. The look at Britian as a Dystopian world influences my trends through the use of dull colours and unclean shapes to clothing.

Released 5 January 2007 (USA) Director: Alfonso Cuar贸n Writer: Alfonso Cuar贸n, Timothy J. Sexton, David Arata, Mark Fergus, Hawk Ostby Based on the Novel by: P.D. James (Children of Men)

SECONDARY CONSUMER RESEARCH AMORTALS We owe the term ‘amortal’ to Catherine Mayer, the Time magazine editor who noted in her 2011 book “Amortality: The Pleasures and Perils of Living Agelessly” that ‘people are increasingly living in ways that defy stereotypical age-bracketing’. Mayer sees our lengthening health spans as a further frontier in the struggle for gender equality. With society demanding that women focus on looking youthful as they age, Mayer believes they are at a disadvantage in substantive late-life pursuits. ‘Older women just disappear,’ she tells LS:N Global, ‘whereas men really are able to live longer, perform longer in many senses.

As they approach, or even sail past the traditional age for retirement, some Boomer and Generation Jones men are refusing to slow down. Instead, they’re launching themselves into new careers, families, and physical challenges. These men, the “Amortals”, are strengthening their bodies and minds as the curtain rises on their next act. While not confined to men, the phenomenon of amortality is nonetheless more widespread in the male Boomer (born between 1946 and 1953) and their Generation Jones cohorts (born between 1954 and 1965). For one thing, men maintain their fertility decades after women – and increasingly wait to put it to use. Time magazine notes that ‘new dad’ rates rose 61% in the 40–44 age group from 1980 to 2009, and rose 18% among men 50–54 over the same period. Some studies have shown that the Boomer cohort as a whole is actually less healthy than the previous generation was at the same age. However, Amortals tend to have higher income and education levels than the general population. Studies such as the Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index have found that income is highly correlated with access to healthcare, as well as with healthy habits such as eating well and exercising often. As LS:N Global recently noted in our market report on US luxurians, Boomers are increasingly interested in experiential luxury, often with a strong emphasis on intellectual, or even spiritual pursuits. This has a particularly strong impact on the luxury travel market. Amortals are affected by this trend, but several of our case studies spoke with open disdain about the traditional ‘cruise ship’ mentality of elderly and retired travellers. Amortals whose lives continue to revolve around their careers or entrepreneurial ventures travel independently, and often combine business trips with personal travel or luxury services. In this, they resemble much younger Millennials in their always-on lifestyles, making them the spiritual grandfathers of LS:N Global’s Bleisure generation.

SECONDARY CONSUMER RESEARCH The Social single Being alone has never felt less lonely. With more ways than ever to connect online, laptops, smartphones and tablets have become the only tools you need to be part of a crowd. Social media sites encourage you to share every facet of your life online and technologies such as Face Time and Instant Messenger enhance the intimacy of online interaction. Social media

Our singles spend time in bars, nightclubs, restaurants and cafés, but they socialise as much online as they do offline. Social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Tumblr enable them to feel part of an online social scene where they can socialise in a multifaceted way by sharing photos, links and clips with their friends. And instant messaging smartphone apps such as Skype and WhatsApp enable them to have virtual chats from the comfort of their own homes. ‘In an odd way, socialising online makes for a deeper sense of interaction,’ says our UK case study Matt Hay. ‘If I’m on Facebook, I can share links and pictures at the same time. I can connect with all my friends by posting something, or connect with just one, through Instant Messenger, all at the same time.’

NEW LUXURY MILLENNIALS

Drinking at The Connaught hotel in London one night, dining at Pershing Hall hotel in Paris the next, and having a business brunch at The Lydmar Hotel in Stockholm the following morning, the New Luxury Millennials (NLMs) are the well-heeled, high-spending branch of the collaborative, creative, entrepreneurial generation, the Millennials. The NLMs will define the next wave of luxury spending, according to George Scribner, senior vice-president for people planning at advertising firm Digitas. They are much more likely to have made a luxury purchase in the past year than older luxury consumers. According to a recent study by market research agency Luxury Institute, 83% of Generation Y, defined as born between the early 1980s and early 2000s, have bought a luxury product, as opposed to 66% of those older than 35. Understanding them, then, is key for luxury brands. Mobile and digital living As they move around, today’s Bleisurite NLMs keep in touch with each other, and with brands, digitally and using location-enabled apps. ‘Nearly one in two [45%] of Generation Y consumers have requested an email from a luxury brand and 25% have followed brands on Twitter or ‘liked’ a brand on Facebook,’ says Scott Galloway, founder of New York luxury think tank, L2. ‘So if brands want to reach them, they have to go to where they are.’

Facts and figures (MINTEL) Main retailers from where clothes are bought in-store and online, July 2012 and 2013 Base: 1,897 and 1,968 internet users aged 16+ who have bought clothing for themselves in the last 12 months John Lewis

Topman/Topshop

This graph depicts the market sector I will be targetting with my trend. It shows women have been buying more and spending more money in the high street than spending was last year. Womenswear is forever a growing market, and now past the years of the recession women are now on the top of the career ladder, earning more, therefore spending more money is stores.

13%

15%

12%

Saisnbury's

16%

11%

River Island

14%

TK Maxx

17%

21%

17%

H&M

21%

17%

New Look

21%

Debenhams

19%

Sports Shop

24%

2013 2012

25%

13%

Matalan

29%

23%

Tesco

Most companies have seen a rise in profits from last year due to this, and most women have been buying clothing 5% more than they did last year.

24%

31%

25%

Asda

33%

26%

28%

Marks & Spencers

34%

Primark

46%

38% 0%

40%

34%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

Facts and figurs (MINTEL) Rising numbers of 25-34s – This age group are forecast to grow by 8% over the next five years and present new opportunities for the industry, as they are buying clothes more often than last year. Barriers to online shopping - Women are more likely than men to have been put off buying online with their smartphones due to barriers which include slow loading times and security worries when buying items.

58% would toss a TV if they had to get rid of one digital device (only 11% would ditch their laptops)

Women account for 85% of all consumer purchases including everything from autos to health care

Growth Over the next 5 years

Women account

58%

for of all total online spending

Women account for 85% of all consumer purchases including everything from autos to health care

Almost six in ten women bought new clothes in the last three months, showing that even during tough economic times women prioritise updating their wardrobe. Women are less financially optimistic about the future than men and describe their economic situation as ‘just getting by’ or ‘tight’.

85% of

purchasing comes from women.

PRIMARY SOURCE CUSTOMER PROFILE RESEARCH PRIMARY RESEARCH INTO MY POTENTIAL CONSUMERS FOR MY TRENDS.w

PRIMARY SOURCE CUSTOMER PROFILE RESEARCH

My Primary customer research will be based around three girls I know who are all successful in the fields of their career, who use social network as a part of every day life, and all in their 20’s. Although they all have very different interests, places to travel, and lifestyles, they all connect to the possible trends I’m going to be forecasting as they are the next generation to shape the world. They are all Generation Y, but the later years. My primary research also includes the question I mostly needed answering ‘What will the world look like in 2050?’ with an array of answers spanning from the negative to the positive. People spoke about technology, disease, famine, and global warming.

Katy EMPSON Age: 24 Lives in: Maidstone, Kent. Occupation: Luxury Travel Consultant / Mummy Interests: Space, Science, Travel, and Hollyoaks (and being a Mummy!) Where do you shop? Mostly department stores, it’s so easy to get everything there without having to trudge around the high street. Plus, James normally buys me clothing as presents. Social Networking sites you use? Instagram is for me and Ruby, to make sure her memories are kept forever, Facebook occasionally to see what the family are up too and to plan nights out. Favourite item of clothing? Currently it’d be my Jil Sander dress, fits in all the right places and doesn’t show your bumpy bits! Favourite place you’ve been? Has to be Amsterdam! it’s beautiful around Christmas and it’s so romantic! Berlin is nice too! Gadgets and Technology? I love my Nintendo 3DS, I’ve grown up with Nintendo and it feels like it’s part of my childhood. So i’m always partial to Super Mario and Professor Layton’s adventures. Interesting Fact you know? Last thing I read about was that Mars has the tallest mountain in our solar system, I love learning about space! What do you think the world will look like in 2050? I think money would of changed. Everything will be by card like the Oyster card, Cars will all be electric as we would of run out of oil by then, People will be living to the age of 200 and most jobs will be done by robots.

Emily Oliver Age: 23 Lives in: Sutton Valance, Kent Occupation: Car Sales, Ford Garage Interests: Socialising, Networking, Travelling and Furthering my Career Where do you shop? H&M Is my fail safe, there is always one thing I will like in there, other than that I shop at Fat Face, Lipsy and Dorethy Perkins, all depending on how much I get paid. Social Networking sites you use? Linkedin is what I’m most active on, I find it amazing that you can now get a job through a social networking site. This is how I came across my current job and my last. Facebook is mostly used to figure out what I’ve done after a messy night out! Favourite item of clothing? I like my basics, H&M do amazing basics and they’re probably whats taking over 90% of my wardrobe. Favourite place you’ve been? I loved France, being a fitness fanatic it was a good place for skiing and running. Gadgets and Technology? I like cars, (hence the job) I’ve normally got a new car but I’m a big iPhone fan, I’m one of those sleepless idiots outside the apple store waiting for the new version to come out. Interesting Fact you know? Tough Question. I recently found out that Uberfacts on Twitter is the most addictive thing I’ve ever seen. I went over my lunch break about 15 minutes due to the fact I’d been looking at it for so long. What will the world look like in 2050? Haha we will be to take holidays in space and robots will exist.

SARAH BECK Age: 27 Lives in: Sittingbourne, Kent Occupation: Business Development Support Interests: Baking/cooking, drawing, films Where do you shop? Hollister and places like American Eagle for clothing, amazon.co.uk for everything else, IKEA for furniture, Apple of technology. Anywhere that has deals! Social Networking sites you use? Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn Favourite item of clothing? My blue jeggings Favourite place you’ve been? Florida, in particular, Universal Studios/ Islands of Adventure, even more particular, the front seat of Rip Ride Rocket...... Gadgets and Technology? iPad, iPhone, Laptop, Beats Headphones (does that count?!), my Barclays Pinsentry? Interesting Fact you know? I know quite a few, so I will let you choose out of 3: 1.The youngest serial killer is an 8 year old boy in India 2. The 2022 World Cup final will be played in Lusail, Qatar, this city doesn’t exist yet. 3. Before the invention of the light bulb, most people slept 3 hours longer than we do now. 4. one more...a crayon burns for 30 mins (this is just incase you don’t pay your electrical bill in uni and need light and heat) What do you think the world will look like in 2050? Run by technology, everything will be done via an iPad or iPhone, like payments instead of cards, and ID instead of paperwork or passports.

OPINIONS ON 2050

Lyn Williams - Ooh, that’s hard, I think we will recycle almost everything. The environment will be a major part in how

people live, ie how houses are built how they are heated and built. All cars will be electric. Technology will be way beyond what we have now. Paperwork will be a thing of the past! Probably will be very few if any shops as everyone will be buying online. Infact you probably won’t have to move off the sofa for anything! People will be living much longer, healthy eating will be important, there will definitely have a cure for cancer but I don’t think there’ll be any change in the 3rd world countries. HIV will still be a problem in these countries.

Gary Williams - I think you should consider each topic separately. Nature - less low lying islands as they will be

wiped out by storms or rising sea levels. Harsher winters hotter summers. Less big animals as poaching will earn big bucks due to less big animals. Rain forest depletion and the tribes will not be able to live there oil v expensive so will they develop hydrogen fells and run cars on water? Water becomes expensive. Medicine - cures for many types of cancer and diabetes. tribal fashion may be in as it will be rare or we could go back to the 1950’s (100 years earlier) and all wear hats. Trilby’s will be in. The heat may force the lighter tribal wear. African tribes will struggle to cope with the heat, 3rd world wont be a problem as parts of Africa will empty causing issues in the Mediterranean.

Henry Roy Field - Cars will run on electric batteries that dont go flat, clothes will be wipe clean. There will be pills

to cure everything. But sadly, the government’s greed is going to be so high that the separation of the classes will be so great that the poor will be living in a third world state and the rich will be living like kings. Natural meats will be unheard of and processed food and chronically altered meat will be considered a delicacy.

Hannah Dee - Well it’s less than 40 years away - Take a look at the cycles of things, fashion and technology for

example? Mobile phones were big, then shrunk, then got really tiny and are getting bigger again. I’d use that formula for other things.

Rachel Thomas - With the way Global Warming is going, everyone and everything will be underwater. 57

OPINIONS ON 2050

Inga Putrenkovaite - It’s going to look like a 70’s sci-fi movie, a barren Earth, everything will be digital - like trees, plants, everything we remember, because of nuclear war, we’ll all be living in eco-domes. what we remember of society will be a memory, with only pictures and books to remind ourselves.

Ellie Symonds - Giant warehouses instead of shops, flying cars instead of roads, No universities, or schools just online learning and most things will go digital.

Liam Snelling - I would like to think things such as cancer would have been cured, they invented a form of aviation which

halves the travel time anywhere and that they finally bring back the death sentence. A few species of animals would have become extinct.

Grace Seriki - There will be no technology what so ever we’ll be back in dark ages and everyone will be hunting for food.

Olivia Douglas - Money won’t be paper anymore, It will be made out of washable material or our fingerprints will be used as a link to our bank accounts like debit cards so there will be now physical currency in the future.

Francesca Jefferys - I think it will look quite similar, apart from everyone will have a device like the google glass, like older buildings would be more derlict and new bulidings that are build now will look how like buildings that were build in like 70 and 80. Like cheap and tacky.

Liam Richards - I think towns will deplete and cities to become far more overcrowded. Persons shall be less intelligent

as fewer seem to be going to university due to costs, perhaps a slightly fallacious view, but I think life expectancy shall decrease. Doctors shall be sparse and expensive, and a world of popping pills and drugs, all these, plus a reliance on ready meals and meats injected with chemicals surely can’t be good, more so, the lack of care on the elderly also contributes to the lesser life expectancy. Yet on an ironic note, there shall be an influx on grandparents and great grandparents due to lack of sexual education and increase births for teenagers. In addition I believe the richer-poorer divide shall be greater. However, I believe technologies shall be amazing and those lucky (and rich enough) shall be able to experience and be educated on things never dreamed before things should 58

OPINIONS ON 2050 become easier, but as I said, lazy and over reliant as to religion, war, pollution, race, politics, everyday activities I cannot say. I know this is a very suborn, fallacious and pessimistic outlook, but that’s what I personally believe

Josh Edwards - All I can imagine is people driving around in hover crafts! Also the population will be a lot larger because terminal illnesses will be cured and people will be living longer too.

Thomas Gray - Well judging by how Social Networking has changed so much over the years and has resulted in people

(especially celebrities) feeling the need to document their entire lives for people to follow. I think we are heading for a more invasive look into peoples lives. I’ve spoken to a few professionals who are in my industry and were acting/presenting back 6 years ago and they said privacy was a lot easier for them back then because people couldn’t just go online and tweet anyone they want.. you’d have to know somebody’s phone number or address to directly contact them. It’s also raised the level of fame for people such as reality stars like the Kardashians etc because back say 10 years ago people couldn’t find out as much about you and what you are doing as they can now.. it makes people want to know more and more. So, Judging by that.. i think the next big thing will be likely to be even more of an insight into peoples lives and probably even more invasive perhaps with status’s being automatically posted when people are doing things.. Example, Getting on a train.. It will be posted automatically and people will know where you and what you are doing etc. I also think we will be given the option of a pop up profile of anyone who is near us.. (a complete stranger) and the option to talk to them, similar to grindr etc but for anyone, anywhere! I also think one day (with the consent of each individual person) we will be given the option to see who lives in which house and who drives which car just by pushing a couple of buttons. I think it’s going to be as invasive as possible because people want to know as much as they possibly can! Although.. I do think there will always be a place for written statuses like there is now rather than video and picture statuses completely taking over as a lot of my friends say they’d rather post a written status than a picture.

Ren Ball - ok I reckon it will be pretty much the same, but longer colder winters and hotter summers? And everything will be

really expensive, especially transport because of oil, so we’ll rely on electric transport and have wind turbines instead of using coal and oil. And there won’t be many wild animals left, they’ll be close to extinction. There won’t be many trees or nature reserves left.

Liam Sydall - Buildings - more land being spawned off the mainlands just like in Dubai as we are running out of

space. Buildings getting taken higher and higher and a sky scraper coming a typical flat building we see nowadays Diseases - Various diseases will be obsolete such as Meningitis, Cancer etc but other ones that we don’t know the cause of will increase and not be easily treated with pills and overnight cures. These are diseases such as Autism, Alzheimer’s etc 59

OPINIONS ON 2050 Relationships - The typical monogamous relationship will become less mainstream with people being able to travel further and quicker so meeting more people, social media making contact between people emotionless and unsustainable. Heterosexual and homosexuality will become as mainstream as the other. Relationships in families will not be so stereotypical with people having babies by IVF, adoption, sperm donation so the family unit will become more obsolete. Technology - The typical phone will not exist, I predict people will have chips implanted in their skin/skulls which can detect brainwaves and thoughts of what that person is wanting to do, such as ‘Call Rachel’ and it is automatically done. Also, with the invention of the ‘Google glasses’, we are going to have everything in our eyesight that we may need so no more hand-held devices. Cars will be electric powered or powered by some source that can almost never run out, such as water. Everything in the house can be controlled from one place - such as light switches, hobs, car garage door all controlled from iPad similar devices. Religion - will have either gone in one direction or the other. People won’t turn to religion as they believe they are more superior and capable nowadays than they were back then and ‘destiny’ isnt a path they follow but instead feel they can make their own choices and decisions with the help of all the technology they built for themselves. Or, people will feel that technology, social media etc has taken down the need for human interaction and the spiritual/religious world and reach further to gods and religion for guidance and answers in a bid to hang on to normality from what they see Humans - the human form is going to start evolving. Obviously over millions of years but the body isn’t going to need so many nutrients and food as it does nowadays as people are eating more rubbish types of food and still living somewhat healthily day-to-day so the body will slow get used to running on these fuels. That in turn is going to make the average weight of humans increase, as already shown in obesity studies. But this will become the norm. Also, race won’t be so affiliate. People are ‘breeding’ with other races, half cast is seen everyday. No one is going to be 100% nationalized to one place, we’re all going to have a heritage greater than what we expected. Animals - many animals are going to die out. Those in dense forests and vast rural areas are going to suffer the most from deforestation and pollution. These won’t survive the next few hundred years. Animals in our day to day lives such as dogs and cats will breed further and being in every household. Other animals used for products such as sheep, cows etc will become more of a burden than a necessity with laboratories creating their own meats and by-products quicker, cheaper and easier so they will become neglected.

Inspirational Street Style Snaps Looking into whats being worn on the streets now.

Inspirational Street Style Snaps ‘REUSING WHAT YOU’VE GOT’ Vintage, Second hand, Hand-medowns, all these things have passed the test of time and are now Generation X and the Generations before are giving their clothing to charity, second hand stores or to the younger generations of their families. Most clothing is durable material, such as denim, leather, cordaroy and luxry fabrics like velvet and silk. Denim though seems to be a huge choice for Generation Y to invest in and wear.

(Clockwise from Top Left) All photo’s taken by Warner, Alice. Street Style 2013

Inspirational Street Style Snaps â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;PRACTICALITY IS KEYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Footwear is a staple in anyone wardrobe, from flats to heels, from boots to sandals. People are starting to spend more according to Mintel on footwear, and has had a rise of +4.4% since 2008. Practicality is becoming a large part of buying now, with people needing longer lasting footwear that is also diverse in use.

(Clockwise from Top Left) 1. Williams, Danny. Street Style, 2013 2. Williams, Danny. Street Style, 2013 3. Williams, Danny. Street Style, 2013 4. He, Tianlan & Wright, Christine. Street Style 2013 63

Inspirational Street Style Snaps Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;PROTECT YOURSELF CLOTHINGâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Practicality is beomcing a key part in society, with clothing, food, and furniture becoming needed in the long term and to last forever as if they were constantly new. These consumers show protective gear in 3 different senses. Fig 1 shows weather to protect against the elements, Fig 2 is a more metaphorical in protection, oversized coats and large jumpers give a protection of the body. Fig 3 is literaly protection clothing, denim and leather are long lasting, and help sustain injury when riding a motorbike etc... 64

SECONDARY source forecasting RESEARCH Looking into other predicted trends using a variety of resources.

SECONDARY SOURCE FORECASTING RESEARCH UK sales of women’s outerwear, at current prices, 2007-17 (forecasted) Total £m 25,000

20,000

15,000

Total £m

10,000

5,000

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012 (est)

2013 (fore)

2014 (fore)

2015 (fore)

2016 (fore)

2017 (fore)

This graph is to just plainly show that the Womenswear market is growing in its millions, and therefore predicted to grow even further in the forecast running up to 2017, I think my trends will be successful here as they will span over the whole Autumn/Winter 14/15 range, from the point of transition to the end of the trend season. http://academic.mintel.com/display/662998/?highlight=true#hit1

SECONDARY SOURCE FORECASTING RESEARCH In late 2011/early 2012 there was a sharp fall-back in clothing inflation and the sector saw the return of deflation. At the beginning of 2013 clothing deflation has slowed as cotton

prices are creeping up. We have assumed mild deflation in the short term, due to the fall in cotton prices in 2012, but thereafter we have chosen a forecast deflator of zero, as cotton prices in 2013 are

rising again. Rising oil costs are likely to impact on man-made fibre costs and we could see a natural plateauing of sourcing economies. All this could be coupled with

increased consumer demand as the economy recovers. At the time of writing, we do not see the deep deflation of previous years making a consistent return. Mintel forecasts that the womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fashion sector will grow in value by 12% between

2012 and 2017 to reach ÂŁ23.1 billion. Mintel predicts my market sector will further increase throughout the next 5 years, looking at previous statistics and figures, and averaging them to predict profits and sales into 2017.

SECONDARY SOURCE FORECASTING RESEARCH WGSN A/W 14/15 WGSN provided me with inspiration to look at the future, with our lectures from L:SN Global as well, it made me want to look at the future through technology, raw materials and analyse the planet through various sources. Gathering opinions and information on a global scale, it influenced me to look at metalics for my Utopia trend, much like WGSN had done. WGSN looked at materials and geology, with a sci-fi twist, which gives off a futuristic vibe. Whilst predicting these trends I have tried to stay away from WGSN so it didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t influence me too much to copy their trends and predictions.

L:SN GLOBAL LECTURE At the beginning of this project we had a lecture from L:SN Global, (The Future Lab) Which spoke about a few sections they had predicted, in no particular era, just the future. The Dawn of The Mega Systems The change we will go through in how we interact, shop, socialise, mega malls etc... All technology will keep improving until we stop. Big Friendly Data Data becoming a huge headquarters for our every day life, how we are now but on a larger scale. Looking at digital artwork, like the creation of a car, and all the data put into it and creating it into art (Hyundai) Looking into the shifts that consumers will have and how brands will adapt to these situations. 69

Generation i How to thrive in the Digital Age, the school of age, The Generation that is ALWAYS connected and always on. A Generation that will be completely focused on how their image comes across, creating a digital image consciousness. Re-enlightenment Rising Talking about a cultural reboot, how we now depend on science and technology, pushing our boundries in space, retail, technology and fashion. Science is starting to influence everything, and the consumer is now becoming more aware through â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Tedologyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (www.ted.com) Where the average person can now interact with science, and anyone could have an impact on the future.

L:SN GLOBAL LECTURE L:SN Global also showed us how marketing can be influenced by the future, already with Felix Baumgartner jumping from space, and breaking the sound barrier for the first time... completely sponsered by Red Bull, it was an event watched by the entire world, and Red Bullâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s logo was plastered all over it. Louis Vuitton plans to be the first fashion brand in space, using their iconic status as a luxury travel brand they wish to improve upon this by their brand being the first to travel into space. Even KitKat have been into space. Brands instead of governments are placing this new science exploration into a more popular discourse.

Creating exciting new marking tools and techniques for brands to use to attract consumers to the current market. L:SN Global also said that the current market is rising, in technology, fashion etc... The market is being targetted alot more by the older Generations, along with the credit crunch thats been going on years, brands like Apple are starting to take this moment to practise finance. All this information is from the lecture, and it influenced me to look further into the future to discover trends, not to look at the past or celebrations of anniversaries etc... I wanted to look at the global picture of what the world is becoming and where we are advancing too.

CATWALK research

Balenciaga, 2010 Fall Ready-to-wear

Balenciaga’s 2010 show is good inspiration for looking into the future, it shows a good use of geometric and angular lines that contrast the body. This collection was a take on a ‘Dystopia’ of fashion. The colours are very futuristic too, with greys, and whites that when in the right light appear to shine and give a leather looking effect.

Versace, 2009 Spring/Summer ready to wear Versace’s 2009 show was all about glamour, it show cased a variety of shimmering metalics, linked into animal prints and very square shapes. The futuristic look that comes with this is also quite modern and subtle, where as I want my trend to stand out with bold and bright colours that seamlessly blend in together.

BELLE SAUVAGE, SPRING/SUMMER 2013 READY-TO-WEAR Something a little more closer to the present is Belle Sauvage’s collection in 2013 S/S. She’s taken a huge leap into a new ready-towear haute couture style, with prints, styles, shapes and brassiere’s that completely drag the attention away from other designers collections this is sure fire inspiration to look at. There is almost this fantasy future kind of style with this collection, a Utopian world shrouded in mystery. “artwork combining punk elements such as skulls, chains, zips and safety pins, creating symmetrical and semi mechanical shapes, at once both classically baroque and harshly modern in style” (FAULT Magazine 16/10/2012) 72

Sustainable futures research providing sourced information on enviromentally friendly materials & processes

Zameen Organics Zameen Organics was shown to us in a lecture about how fairtrade and equality work in the fashion industry. Zameen Farmers pick organic cotton to sell to fashion companies to create clothing. Child labour and poor working conditions are fought against here, whilst they are a huge problem in other third world countries where cotton is grown. Zameen work in central India where the climate is perfect for cotton growing.

Pants to Poverty Pants to Poverty is a sustainable and clever business idea that sprouted from Nelson Mandela telling the world to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Make Poverty Historyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Pants to Poverty focuses on using organic and fairtrade cotton to create sustainable underwear to help provide a decent living wage to the workers that make them, from the farmers to the factory workers. Pants to Poverty are a brilliant example of how some brands use social networking to promote themselves on a much larger scale, trying to break world records, pants flashes, and promoting at big events like Besteval in the UK.

Pozu is a clever sustainable brand that creates shoes with coconuts. Coconut hides are used to make the sole of the shoe which they call a ‘foot-matress’ With a diverse range of products from edible shoe shine cream to vegetarian and vegan friendly shoes, Pozu is a small business ‘soley’ based online. They use vegetables for most of the dyes, coconut hides for the soles and are created to be durable and long lasting for the consumer. This relates in a way to my Dystopia trend, as I hope to use durable materials, denim, leather etc... although my materials won’t be 100% sustainable. 77

POZU Pozu also did a clever collabaration with Timberland. creating the iconic soles for their shoes, and giving Timberland a more refined and sustainable look.

Sustainable futures lecture notes Mo Tomaney

Supply chain - discussing the components. Dye, yarns, zips. Value chain - how wealth is distributed through the supply chain. Who profits most from the value?

What adds value to a product? - up cycling.

Group Project.

Transparency in a supply chain - nothing hidden, know where the garments come from. We wanted to make our group project completely transparent, our supply chain would include our seamstresses creating their own mark on each product to give a unique look.

CSR - corperate social responsibility. Published code of conduct, specific dyes that are allowed, not allowed, safety risks in dyes, and minimum wages different things for different countries. Rules and regulations. 78

Social empowerment - making sure the people In Supply chains have a voice - working with unions and the brand - fire escapes, health and safety, an Impact on people.

Fair trade and purchasing partnerships - delivering profit to the bottom of the supply chain.

Enviromental responsibility - looking after the land and planet where products come from. Even from the very bottom of the supply chain. The carbon footprint, what would happen to it if it was to be thrown away. Dye is bad for the environment.

(Dual and triple sourcing - if I'm a buyer for Jigsaw and I want to get a special thing in for Christmas and it's already September, times very tight, need it for the start of December, complicated product, not cheap, price will be sensitive, stuff going on with the currency market, or things that could concern getting the product in on time, putting it to different place in the world, Portugal, Hong Kong, and Sri Lanka. What's the safest bet, and the currency markets, which one will get the best profit?) - can be costly, not fair trade, essentially lying, and the factories won't get the business. 79

the Higgs Index - guidelines to the codes of conduct big American brand.

Itc is a in agency is Genova, working with Vivienne Westwood. International trade centre. Yoox.com and Vivienne Westwood

Shows Vivienne Westwood, working with poverty stricken countries and personally herself making a change.

PPR - big luxury fashion company, own Gucci, Stella McCartney, Alexander McQueen etc... Look in their website. Kerring.com for PPR.

Forum for the future fashion futures 2025

This heavily influenced what I wanted to do for a basis as a trend, looking at all 4 short movies, it predicted what the world could possibly come too in the fashion industry.

Our group project was to create a sustainable brand we focused on the underwear, nightwear and luxury lingerie from silk scarves, my role in group consisted of doing the consumer profile, logo, branding, Illustrator work, range plan, working out the costings, and part of making the bra.

We wanted to create a luxury brand, hence why our margin is so high, plus as a start up business we had a limited amount of products, we would of love to of expanded to robes, nightwear, PJ shorts, PJ tops, crop tops and festivasl wear.

Our finished prototype wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t as strong as we wanted to be, we couldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve included elastic, and some form of support, we also wanted to line the bras so there would be two clashing colours, but we believe that in the development and larger time frame this could become reality.

Evaluation 1. How sustainable is our idea?

We are recycling second hand scarves therefore producing no more fabric whilst we are also using recycled cardboard, paper and acetate for packaging. All our products are made in Britain, meaning we’re keeping our carbon emissions low. We’ll be supplying job and experience to graduates at a low wage, to get people started.

2. What are our workers rights? Paid a decent wage and working in a pleasant working environment.

3. How will we make our product traceable?

Creating a unique signature on each product which is specific to each machinist. Social media platforms would regurlarly update consumers on the ‘goings on’ in our company.

4. Supplier / Retail Relations

Supplier = Glass Onion Vintage Retailers = Selfridges, flagship Urban Outfitters, Boutiques in affluent areas Delivery = Royal Mail If a high percentage of the scarves are not silk, we will look into other suppliers.

5. Local Community Employment

We would employ local graduates, we think there would be a high turnaround with the seam stresses, so a relationship with a local uni could be good 84

Evaluation 6. Further Recycling

Further recycling would include our packaging, which is produced from recycled materials that have once been used can be recycled again.

7. How realistic commercially is this proposal?

Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s realistic as our profit margins are high, and there is an untouched market that we can take advantage of.

8. How accessilble will the raw materials be?

There are numerous vintage whole sale companies, that offer copious amounts of scarves for good prices. Glass Onion Vintage would just just be our starting point.

9. What will be the plans for the future?

World Domination. If that fails expansion of our range and the expansion of stockists, and once we are making a substantial profit, our company can look into selling abroad and online.

Evaluation of Group Project The group project was a successful project due to the fact we believe it would work in the long run, being able to do collaborations, marketing, expanding our global market and online selling, were all parts that can be developed into a viable business idea if the funds were avaliable.

Referencing the research pack

Referencing Font: Neou, http://www.dafont.com/neou.font Fig 1: History Channel, Youtube still, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=6XDbcMND7fY (2013)

Fig 2: Eco-cities, architizer , https://architizercdn.s3.amazonaws. com/thumbnails-PRODUCTION/7a/f0/7af049d96030fa3e8eee0ddcbe715a4b.jpg (2013)

Clockwise from top left Fig 3 - IMPORTANT, The Province, http://www.theprovince.com/ cms/binary/8991057.jpg Fig 4 - The Guardian, Youtube still, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=vXtojxcuKro Fig 5 - Created by Danny Williams, 2013 Fig 6 - Metro, Bankrupt Cyrpus, http://metro.co.uk/2013/03/28/gallery-people-line-up-outside-laiki-bank-branch-in-limassol-cyprus28-march-2013-3564164/ay_106882732-jpg/ Fig 7 - Paper Texture, KimKrum, Deviant Art, http://kumkrum.deviantart.com/art/Snow-White-and-Blossom-Red-262407773 87

Fig 8 - Globe Image, Created by Danny Williams 2013

Fig 9 - Grey Stick Person, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 10 - Blue Stick Person, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 11 - Grey Stick Person, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 12 - Line Drawing of the London Eye Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 13 - Line Drawing of Big Ben tower, Created by Danny Williams 2013

Fig 14 - Border Control, IPsos MORI, http://www.ipsos-mori.com/Assets/Images/ Specialisms/Immigration.jpg

Fig 15 - CCTV Camera, Created by Danny Williams 2013

Fig 16 - Islamic Protest, http://nocompulsion.com/ten-reasonswhy-moderate-muslims-are-not-the-answer/ Fig 17 - Religion in Britain, Daily Athiest, http://dailyatheist.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/2030-year-britain-will-cease-to-be.html

Clockwise from top left Fig 18 - Christian Cross, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 19 - Grey Stick Person, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 20 - Grey Stick Person, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 21 - Grey Stick Person, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 22 - Blue Stick Person, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 23 - Grey Stick Person, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 24 - Grey Stick Person, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 25 - Question Mark, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 26 - Hindu Symbol, http://www.ancient-symbols.com/hindu-symbols.html Fig 27 - Thiest symbol, http://fortheloveofchristi.org/2013/06/grief-for-nontheists/ Fig 28 - Muslim Symbol, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 29 - Buddhist Symbol, Created by Danny Williams 2013

Fig 30 - Islamic Gathering, http://pixanews.com/war/usama-bin-laden-mertv.html

From Left Fig 31 - Red Circle with Cross, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 32 - Hindu Symbol, http://www.ancient-symbols.com/hindu-symbols.html Fig 33 - Red Circle with Cross, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 34 - Muslim Symbol, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 35 - Red Circle with Cross, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 36 - Christian Cross, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 37 - Pill Bottle, Created by Danny Williams 2013

Fig 38 - Equality Symbol, Policymic, http://media2.policymic. com/2c9f2a27ae2f999c46a554b7847df09f.jpg Fig 39 - Out 4 Marriage Logo, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out4Marriage

Fig 40 - Christian Cross, Created by Danny Williams 2013

Fig 41 - Green Amazon Rainforest, http://exploringthearth. com/2012/12/ Fig 42 - Deforestation, http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/t_u9zsCYnKo/maxresdefault.jpg

Fig 43 - Line Drawing of Axe, http://eofdreams.com/photo/ax/04/

Fig 44 - Toucan, http://dic.academic.ru/pictures/wiki/files/84/Toucan2007.jpg

Fig 45 - Factory polluting air, http://static.wix.com/media/43cca16d3d3086b932f8968b1703326c.wix_mp

Fig 46 - Sunken London, http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/ thread865355/pg1 Fig 47 - Sunken New York, http://oracletalk.wpengine.netdna-cdn. com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/nyc-under-water.jpg

Fig 48 - Animals in Oil Spill, http://www.gogreennation.org/ wp-content/uploads/2010/06/pelican.jpg

Fig 49 - Omni , www.virtuix.com

Fig 50 - iTouch, http://www.macrepairs.co.uk/public/site/gallery/ Itouch.png

Fig 51 - Burton Nitta, Algaculture facemask, http://www.burtonnitta.co.uk/algaculture.html

Fig 51 - Crispr Technologym curing cancer, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/exclusive-jawdropping-breakthrough-hailed-as-landmark-in-fight-against-hereditary-diseases-as-crispr-technique-heralds-genetic-revolution-8925295.html

Clockwise from bottom left Fig 52 - Flickr, Phone in Hand, blackbeltjones, http://www.flickr. com/photos/blackbeltjones/2654801951/ Fig 53 - Facebook Logo, http://www.allsaintsnh-pri.manchester.sch. uk/images/facebook_logo.jpg Fig 54 - Banner, http://www.9ori.com/store/media/images/b07bb4246f.jpg Fig 55 - Facebook name logo, http://www.uncp.edu/home/acurtis/NewMedia/Facebook/Facebook_logo.jpg

Clockwise from top left Fig 56 - Twitter Bird, https://g.twimg.com/Twitter_logo_blue.png Fig 57 - Twitter Bird, https://g.twimg.com/Twitter_logo_blue.png Fig 58 - Twitter Bird, https://g.twimg.com/Twitter_logo_blue.png Fig 59 - Twitter Bird, https://g.twimg.com/Twitter_logo_blue.png Fig 60 - Twitter Bird, https://g.twimg.com/Twitter_logo_blue.png Fig 61 - Twitter Bird, https://g.twimg.com/Twitter_logo_blue.png Fig 62 - Twitter Bird, https://g.twimg.com/Twitter_logo_blue.png Fig 63 - Twitter Bird, https://g.twimg.com/Twitter_logo_blue.png Clockwise from top left Fig 64 - Linkedin, http://blogs.nvcc.edu/intercom/files/2012/11/linkedin_ logo_11.jpg Fig 65 - Globe Image, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 66 -Blue Stick Person, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 67 -Blue Stick Person, Created by Danny Williams 2013 Fig 68 - British Flag, http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/images/uk.jpg Fig 69 - Indian Flag, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg Fig 70 - United States of America Flag, http://www.mapsofworld.com/images/ world-countries-flags/united-states-flag.gif Clockwise from top left Fig 71 - Linkedin, http://blogs.nvcc.edu/intercom/files/2012/11/linkedin_ logo_11.jpg Fig 72 - Facebook Logo, http://www.allsaintsnh-pri.manchester.sch.uk/images/ facebook_logo.jpg Fig 73 -Twitter Logo, http://www.prconversations.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/twitter_icon4.jpg Fig 74 - Banner, http://www.9ori.com/store/media/images/b07bb4246f.jpg 95

Fig 75 - Cyberspace background image, http://i.imgur.com/jPZAdpS.jpg

Fig 76 - Film Reel, http://filmandentertainment.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/ film_reel_by_deepsearch-d3fkl60.png Fig 77 - Film Reel, http://filmandentertainment.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/ film_reel_by_deepsearch-d3fkl60.png

From top Fig 78 - Soup Bowl, http://www.taste.com.au/cuisine/winter Fig 79 - Nike Trainers, http://www.nhap.co.uk/pic/nike-free-models-comparednike-free-tr-2-university-blue737082687987---1.jpg Fig 80 - Pink Mac Book, http://tropikia.com/public/product/orignal/product_1895284410_sm_.jpg Fig 81 - Desigual Logo, http://g-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/x-locale/brands/logo/5371014011._V380808960_SX300_.gif Fig 82 - Skin Lab, www.lsnglobal.com Fig 83 - Tablets, http://therunningbug.co.uk/cfs-file.ashx/__key/communityserver-blogs-components-weblogfiles/00-00-00-00-37/6574.minerals_2D00_vitamins. jpg 96

Fig 84 - Cocktail Bar, http://www.ehlikeyifcafebar.com/wp-content/uploads/ALKLSZKOKTEYL.jpg Fig 85 - Tweeting, http://eventamplifier.com/wp-content/uploads/et_temp/DSC035443047565_640x320.jpg

Fig 86 - Tshirt Outline, http://i536.photobucket.com/albums/ff328/mpz012/Decorated%20images/blank_t_shirt.jpg Fig 87 - iPhone outline, http://speckycdn.sdm.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/sketch_paper_22.jpg Fig 88 - Smart Car Outline, http://www.bbc.co.uk//grandpa-in-my-pocket/makes/ grandpa-in-my-pocket-aroutline/ Fig 89 - 96 - Tshirt Outline, http://i536.photobucket.com/albums/ff328/mpz012/Decorated%20images/blank_t_shirt.jpg

From Left Fig 97 - Nintendo DS, http://www.guzu.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/sell-my-nintendo-ds-img.jpg Fig 98 - House Of Fraser Logo, http://www.theretaildatabase.com/images/Logo/hof.jpg Fig 99 - Instagram Logo, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/28/Instagram_logo.png Fig 100 - Facebook Logo, http://www.allsaintsnh-pri.manchester.sch.uk/images/facebook_ logo.jpg Fig 101 - Amsterdam, http://macbike.nl/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/amsterdam.jpg Fig 102 - Fenwicks Bond Street Logo, http://www.flintedge.com/uploaded/image/Fenwick%20 Bond%20Street%20%20logo.jpg Fig 103 - Mars, http://scm-l3.technorati.com/13/08/12/77049/Mars-3.jpg?t=20130812070610 Fig 104 - 105 - Katy Empson Images from Facebook 2013 97

From Left Fig 106 - H&M Basics, http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8462/8006622206_b121954899_b.jpg Fig 107 - Twitter Logo, Twitter Logo, http://www.prconversations.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/twitter_icon4.jpg Fig 108 - Linkedin Logo, Linkedin, http://blogs.nvcc.edu/intercom/files/2012/11/linkedin_logo_11.jpg Fig 109 - Facebook Logo, Facebook Logo, http://www.allsaintsnh-pri.manchester.sch. uk/images/facebook_logo.jpg Fig 110 - French Alps, http://www.destination360.com/europe/france/images/s/francefrench-alps.jpg Fig 111 - iPhone 5C, http://www.technobuffalo.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/iPhone5c_Blue-1280x1143.jpg Fig 112 - H&M Logo, http://sevendesktop.com/hm-logo-wallpaper-hd.html Fig 113 - Fat Face Logo, http://2t4u21l1g1dmvlj83x5yim1ct6.wpengine.netdna-cdn. com/files/2013/07/fat-face-logo-portrait123.jpg Fig 114 - Emily Oliver images from Facebook 2013 From Left Fig 115 - Amazon Website Logo, www.amazon.com Fig 116 - Twitter Logo, Twitter Logo, http://www.prconversations.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/twitter_icon4.jpg Fig 117 - Linkedin Logo, Linkedin, http://blogs.nvcc.edu/intercom/files/2012/11/linkedin_logo_11.jpg Fig 118 - Facebook Logo, Facebook Logo, http://www.allsaintsnh-pri.manchester.sch. uk/images/facebook_logo.jpg Fig 119 - Blue Jeggings, http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7oF_Mm9axKc/Twq32Xev-eI/ AAAAAAAAC1c/b_o3RzVo2jo/s1600/ri+bright+blue+jeggings.jpg Fig 120 - iPhone, iPad, http://twittercounter.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/ ipad_iphone_tc.png Fig 121 - American Eagle Outfitters, http://img.coupons.answers.com/merchant_logos/1/3/8/0/7/9/1380794277/d942cb0752126fc5f1300195a3b74ee26b5c6d69.gif Fig 122 - Hollister, http://www.logoeps.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/hollister_california-logo.jpg Fig 123 - Sarah Beck images from Facebook 2013 Fig 124 - Sarah Beck images from Facebook 2013 98

From Left Fig 125 - Street Style, Fur Coat, http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-66vBUAESTmE/UZMP_61QGAI/AAAAAAAAGOI/1jtXwHfkWi4/s1600/hbz-street-stlye-paris-pfw13-day322-lgn.jpg Fig 126 - Street Style, Protection Clothing, http://www.pinterest.com/matchesfashion/pins/ Fig 127 - Street Style, Biker Punk, http://weezbo.com/images/2013/07/1372755450_ 50-640x959.jpg

Fig 128 - Materials, www.wgsn.com Fig 129 - Art, www.wgsn.com Fig 130 - Materials, www.wgsn.com

Fig 131 - Red Bull Space Jump, http://www.telegraph. co.uk/journalists/laurence-green/9622584/Think-Tank-RedBulls-Felix-Baumgartner-stunt-was-a-masterclass-in-brandbuilding.html Fig 132 - Kitkat in Space, http://www.thenewage.co.za/ cms/gall_content/2012/10/2012_10$thumbimg116_ Oct_2012_135740847.jpg Fig 133 - Louis Vuitton Ad, http://www.pricy-spicy.com/ wp-content/uploads/2009/06/lv111-copy.JPG 99

Fig 134 - Cyberspace, http://media.moddb.com/images/ mods/1/20/19001/Crysis2_2012-03-06_00-44-09-85.PNG

Fig 135 - 138 - Balenciga, Collection Report, www.vogue. co.uk Fig 139 - 140 - Versace 2009, Collection Report, www.vogue. co.uk

Fig 141 - 144 - Belle Sauvage, Collection Review, www. vogue.co.uk

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Fig 145 - Zameen Cotton Homepage, http://www.zameen. org

Fig 146 - Pants Logo, http://joekomodo.files.wordpress. com/2011/09/pants-logo-jpeg.jpg Fig 147 - World Record (Pink Pants) http://www.ecouterre. com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/pants-to-povertyguiness-world-records.jpg Fig 148 - World Record (Bottom) http://www.lingerieinsight. com/pictures/gallery/Charity/Pants%20to%20Poverty%20 web.jpg

Fig 149 - Timberland Collaboration, http://www.v5.shoesup.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/what-goes.jpg

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