NEGOTIATED CITY | SHIVAJINAGAR
URBAN DESIGN COLLECTIVE 2014-15
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NEGOTIATED CITY | SHIVAJINAGAR The Familiar and the Obscure
The UD Journal Collective | 2014 03
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BATCH OF 2011 SECTION A AADARSH N AILEEN TRIXIE GOVEAS AISHWARYA A SARDA AKHILA ARAKKAL AKSHATA V SHENOY ANIRUDH KABRA ANIRUDH G ANISHA ASHOK NIZAMPURAM ANJANI RAO GANDRA ANKITA SABHARWAL ANUSHA K APAR AGGARWAL ARCHANA R ARJUN RAVI ASHISH BANSAL AYESHA PARVEEN NIDHI B R BHAVNA ACHAR CHIRAG KHAITAN M DEEPTHI GANESH DHANANJAI GOPIKA DIVYA MUNDHRA DIVYANANDA A S DIVYANSH AGARWAL DIVYARANI DYAVANGOUDAR EKTA SINGH ERA MANASA G HARSHINI YOHEE AKSHATHA N HEGDE HUSSAIN FARIDUDDIN PRATIKSHA BELAVADY PANCHAMI S M SNEHIL BABEL
EDITORIAL TEAM ANIRUDH GURUMOORTHY DIVYANSH AGARWAL PROOF READERS AKHILA ARRAKAL ANKITA SABHARWAL ANJANI RAO G SHREY YADAV
© 2014 R V COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PRINTED AT FIRST PUBLISHED IN NOVEMBER 2014
STUDIO ADVISORS KAMLESH POHEKAR THOMAS OOMMEN AJEETHA RANGANATHAN RANJIT RAJAN UD STUDIO(VII SEMSTER) COORDINATOR ANITHA SUSEELAN COVER PAGE : GLASS OF SULAIMANI TEA IMAGE SOURCE : FLICKER.COM DIVYANSH AGARWAL MANASA G. IMAGE ON THE RIGHT ANKITA SABHARWAL
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Disclaimer This journal is a student initiative towards understanding and interpreting the various aspects of Shivajinagar and its context. The students would have referred and drawn inspirations and references from various source either directly or indirectly for the contents of this journal. The content has been peer reviewed by the students. While utmost precision to quote the sources and every other detail is strived for, R.V College of Architecture cannot be held responsible for any inaccuracies or subsequent damage or loss arising due to this.
NEGOTIATED NEGOTIATED CITY CITY || SHIVAJINAGAR SHIVAJINAGAR
“Works of art exist as symbolic objects only if they are known and recognised, that is, socially instituted as works of art and received by spectators capable of knowing and recognising them ...” Bourdieu, Pierre. The Field of Cultural Productions: Essays on Art and Literature. Randal Johnson(ed.).1993
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, we would like to start by thanking the people who made this journal possible, or mentors, Mr. Kamlesh Pohekar, Mr. Thomas Ooman, Ms. Ajeetha Ranganathan, Mr. Ranjit Rajan and the Urban design studio co-ordinator Mrs. Anitha Suseelan. Their constant motivation and support made this possible. We are really grateful to be under their guidance. Their everlasting persistence and patience has not only helped us but also taught us skills that could not have been picked up otherwise. We would like to thank Mrs. Sunanda Bhat, Santanu Chakraborty, Anil Achar and Ranu Ghosh who guided us through the first phase of this studio. We would like to thank our batch-mates; this journal would not have ben possible without their contribution and continued efforts.
We would like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. Anantha Krishna, the Principal of the school, for providing us with all the necessary facilities and the much-needed encouragement in our endeavors as a part of the studio. Finally, we would to express our gratitude to each and everyone, who has directly, or indirectly lent a helping hand to the compilation of this journal.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Special and heartfelt thanks to the residents of Shivajinagar who have been cooperative and answered all our questions patiently during all our site visits and studies.
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The Studio Preface
What makes cities specific? It is compelling to read cities not as mere accumulation of buildings and spaces but as sites which are constantly being conditioned or negotiated by processes of identity and cultural fo rmations lending meaning to built forms and social environments; negotiations which are agreed upon or transgressed. However static and utopian conceptualisations of city planning and urban design approaches impose limitations to these processes about the city and its products. The Studio raises the critical question as to how we can influence change which explicitly incorporates an acceptance of this continual process of social formation and transformation and evolve new aspirations to engage with lives of those at local stratum.
The Studio Directions
How can we bring in more permeability to boundaries of contested or obscure identities and resources? How different technologies of movement and communication can shape urban setting differently for different interests? When cities compete for investments and tourism revenues, how cultural production could be prompted than cultural reception by questioning the issue of whose culture is being marketed to whom and for what purpose. How by being sensitive to architecture (for instance thru innovative design principles, with recycled/reused materials etc.) can we challenge the rapidly increasing resource intensive urbanism? 08
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The Context
Shivaji Nagar in Bangalore, the context of enquiry, has a rich and complex realm, from the central square to realms that of both public and private. The spaces range from Markets: the Russell market, the beef market etc, to a labyrinth of production areas which include that of tailors, cane weavers etc, and it is identified for services of varied kinds. It has a rich historical past too, with religious institutions from Churches to Temples to Mosques, the City Bus stand and subdued layers of canals. It was in the headlines when part of Russell market was burnt down two years back which was criticised as a political whim. The context thus has the complexities to understand the richness of Indian urbanism.
The UD Journal Collective
The UD Journal Collective foregrounds our endeavour to map a critical commentary on contemporary urban, cultural and social realities of Bangalore City to understand the nuances of urban setting - simultaneity and human dimension - of Indian urbanism. The Journal, in its production, compiles and illustrates the set of exploratory diagrams, mappings, photo-works and deliberations developed during a period of 6 weeks since August 2014. The study is intended to inform the program and intent of the proposed urban insert and to examine the role of architecture in the tactics of public space making. Subsequently the design program framework encourages a social dimension to engage with the lives of the minions who are also entrepreneurs in the precinct allowing permeability both spatially and socially.
PROJECT BRIEF
ANITHA SUSEELAN UD STUDIO COORDINATOR November 2014
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The Studio Clusters The studio has been clustered under three phases based on the nature of enquiry. Phase 1- Traces and Trails: A critical commentary on contemporary urban, cultural and social realities Examines questions on what constitutes city and culture by mapping the contested or obscure identities and resources. The exploration has been celebrated as a visual memory through various mediums like cinema, photography, caricature etc. Also it is intended as a skill development phase through a workshop IN Frame; interactive sessions with invited guest speakers from different professional fields. The probable trails includes: Lively hood trails (for instance Food trails, Flower trails, Living units on wheels etc.), Resource trails (for instance Waste Trails, Water Trails, Materials of endurance e.g. Tarpaulin sheets, flex prints, etc.) Landscape trails (for instance Fruit trees, Animal trails, Land-Water Trails etc.). These trails are expected to take the ‘flaneurs’ to unexpected destinations, communities and labyrinth of urban realities, at times external to the study context even. The production: A three minute documentary movie or An illustrated poster of prescribed size of photographs or caricature with a descriptive note or poem or An album of five photographs with captions
Phase 2: Dimensions of Urban morphology Examines the nuances of urban setting, simultaneity and human dimension of Indian urbanism, by mapping the various dimensions of urban morphology and its generators The traces and trails identified in phase 1 has been used to map the dynamics of urban settings making a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the same. Techniques of mapping of urban setting had been introduced at this stage. The production: The UD Journal Collective this regard, to facilitate students to meet professionals and also to discuss on public projects. The production: Design portfolio of drawings and exploratory models. 10
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Phase 3: The Design Insert Examines the role of architecture in the tactics of public space making through explorations of Urban Architecture Framework: Group discussions, on the various issues identified and learnt in Phase 2, have been used to evolve a vision plan for the study precinct and a design program for the Urban Insert. A larger design frame work was adopted to develop a hybrid design program involving multiple stake holders. The framework encourages a social dimension to engage with the lives of the minions who are also entrepreneurs in the precinct allowing permeability both spatially and socially. For instance: Building types like Night shelters for the poor, Tenements for the bachelors, Women empowerment centres, Innovative learning centres for children (like a Museum school, Language centres and Book banks) etc The site chosen may connect streets, or a less traversed urban block to a public space. The above primary function should also be able to embellish their livelihood and also encourage a lot of public interface which attracts new movement lines, arrival transit points - pedestrians, bikes, public transit etc. Faรงade making, hybrid building typology, tactics of public space making have been taken up as a special study topic at this stage with reference to various case analyses or theoretical reading. A lecture series has been arranged in this regard, to facilitate students to meet professionals and also to discuss on public projects. The production: Design portfolio of drawings and exploratory models,
STUDIO STRUCTURE 11
IN|FRAME
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IN|LINE CARICATURE
IN|FOCUS
PHOTOGRAPHY
IN|MOTION VIDEOGRAPHY
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YOUR WASTE
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CONTENTS
60OWN
AMORPHOUS BOUNDARIES TEXTILE
RUSSELL MARKET
86 HISTORY 110 28 44
3rd SPACE
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IN|FRAME
NEGOTIATED NEGOTIATEDCITY CITY|||SHIVAJINAGAR SHIVAJINAGAR NEGOTIATED CITY SHIVAJINAGAR
“The way people use a place mirrors their expectations.” Whyte, William. The Social life of Small Urban Spaces. 1970
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IN|Frame
A critical commentary on contemporary urban, cultural and social realities of Shivaji Nagar Bangalore India.
IN|FRAME
© Milind Mulick Narrative frames of cities, captured as films, photographs and illustrations, have infinite capacity to juxtapose the familiar and the obscure urban social realities and negotiations according to the artists’ and technological caprices and convictions.
The work shop IN Frame foregrounds our endeavour to map a critical commentary on contemporary urban, cultural and social realities of Bangalore City – called Traces and Trails – B Arch VII Semester @RVCA. It examines questions on the contested or obscure identities and resources in the city. Urban Design must be sensitive to the subtle and yet significant ways in which urban spaces and resources are conditioned or negotiated in the process.
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THE PEOPLE SUNANDA BHAT Film Maker
SANTANU CHAKRABORTY Photographer
ANIL ACHAR
Architect & Caricaturist
RANU GHOSH
Film Maker (Guest Speaker)
ANITHA SUSEELAN Event Coordinator
RAME
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IN Frame THE WORKSHOP AIMS TO CREATE A FORUM TO DISCUSS EXPLORE AND PRODUCE NARRATIVES ON CITY THE DISCUSSION A forum to discuss on the artistic ways to capture one theme or plot from a milieu of complexities of the subject and the technical possibilities and limitations of the medium, followed by review of students’ production THE PRODUCTION A three minute documentary movie An illustrated poster of prescribed size with illustrations or photographs An album of five photographs with captions WORKSHOP FORMAT
5th August 2014
Discussions Series - Presentations by various professionals
6th to12th August
Creative Production - Students work with the Professionals in Groups
21st August 2014
The productions are screened/displayed for critique 8:30am – 1:30pm
22nd August 2014
The screening/ exhibition of the Production is opened to the public
VENUE R V COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, BANASHANKARI 6TH STAGE, 4TH BLOCK,
IN|FRAME
VENUE R V COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, BANASHANKARI 6TH STAGE, 4TH BLOCK,BANGALORE 62 DATE SESSION DETAILS
BANGALORE 62
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HISTROY A BRIEF STUDY OF HISTORY OF INSTITUTIONS OF SHIVAJI NAGAR IN CO-RELATION WITH GROWTH OF BANGALORE.
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HISTORY 21
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MAPPING OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTUIONS
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HISTORY OF HOSPITALS
HISTORY
• While the missionary women of the Anglican denomination started a hospital for women and children near the Cantonment Railway Station in 1893. It was established by the Church of England, Zenana Mission, and was called the Zenana Mission Hospital. With the inauguration of the Church of South India in the year 1947, it was renamed Church of South India Hospital, Bangalore. It was only in 1965 that it developed into a General Hospital to cater to both men and women. Over the years it has evolved into a general and multispecialty hospital. • The Bangalore Medical College, now renamed Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, was started as a private medical college in 1955 by Mysore Education Society. In 1957, the college was handed over to the then Government of Mysore and was affiliated to Mysore University and then on to the Bangalore University. In 1996, it got affiliated to the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences. The college is associated with Victoria Hospital, Minto Hospital, Vanivilas Hospital and Bowring and Lady Curzon hospital. One of the hostels in located in Shivajinagar close to B&LC campus. • Haji Sir Ismail Sait Ghosha Hospital was set up in 1925 predominantly for the Muslim community of Shivajinagar and is now open to all men and women. It works much like any other government hospital.
Growth of Bowring Hospital. 3-Bowring Hospital 4. Lady curzon hospital 23
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ANALYSIS OF THE JUNCTION
Analysis of junction of Lady Curzon Road and Meenakshi Kovil Street with respect to Traffic
Noise levels around the junction are very high. 24
Vendors Buses Private Vehicles
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ANALYSIS OF BOWRING HOSPITAL
This map shows the land use pattern in and around
As shown in the map, it is situated opposite the Shivajinagar bus stand and is a corner.
HISTORY
THE SITE:
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SITE ANALYSIS
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GOVERNMENT TELUGU HIGH SCHOOL *COLONIAL BUILDING-WOMEN’S CELL DURING THE BRITISH RULE *165 STUDENTS
BBMP HIGHER PRIMARY SCHOOL *CAME UP IN 1965 *160 STUDENTS *ENTRY FROM THE BBMP GROUND
BBMP JUNIOR COLLEGE AND HIGH SCHOOL *COLONIAL BUILDING(OFFICE) AND A BUILDING BUILT IN 1985 *HIGH SCHOOL-145 STUDENTS COLLEGE-357 STUDENTS
GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL *BUILT IN 1929 *SCHOOL- SHUT DOWN *LOCATED AT THE CORNER OF A COMMERCIAL EDGE
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HISTORY 27
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IN|FOCUS
PHOTOGRAPHY
RUSSELL MARKET
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SURVIVAL AT ITS FITTEST 30
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RUSSELL MARKET 31
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GENERATIONS GONE BY...
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RUSSELL MARKET 33
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BUILT FROM ITS ASHES 34
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RUSSELL MARKET 35
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HOPE.. 36
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NEW IMPROVED..?
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ANJANI RAO ANKITA SABHARWAL BHAVNA ACHAR CHIRAG KHAITAN HARSHINI YOHEE ERA
RUSSELL MARKET
CAPTURED BY
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RUSSELL MARKET One of famous and oldest markets in the city , Russel Market epitomises the old world charm of Bangalore. Built in 1927 , it can be best described as a quaint piece of architecture with the St. Mary’s Basilica at one end, and hordesof shops, selling everything from antiques to second hand goods to bustling poultry and meat section at the other end... This study is an attempt to do justice to what can be explained as resilience at its best and how the structure of Russell Market needs to be updated in order to survive through to the future generations
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SHIVAJI NAGAR
INTRODUCTION
Area Of Study: Russell Market and its precinct. Russell Market has been an important public building and a landmark in the city for over a century and has been known as the face of Shivaji nagar. The working of such a structure fascinated us and helped us choose the area for our study.
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Objectives Of Study: To understand: 1.The history and evolution of Russell Market. 2.The functional existence of the market. 3.What impact the temporary vendors outside have, on Russell Market 4.The factors hampering the functioning of the market.
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5 Beef Market 6 7
St Mary’sBasilica
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3 2
2 St Mary’sBasilica junction
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Russell Square
8 7
Dharamaraja junction
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Shivaji nagar bus stand
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1
8
Richard Square
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Methods Of Study: A number of visits to the market helped us in getting acquainted with the area and its users.The architectural characteristics of the market were studied.The vendors inside and outside the market were personally interviewed about the transportation and supply of goods,their earnings,customer profiles and working conditions. RUSSELL MARKET AND ITS PRECINCT
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BANGALORE, SHIVAJINAGAR, RUSSELL MARKET... WHAT HAPPENED. 1537 Kempegowda, considered to be the founder of Bangalore, builds a mud fort and founds the towns of Balepet, Cottonpet, and Chickpet. About 30 years later, his son Kempegowda II builds four towers around the fort and Pettah, marking Bangalore’s boundary. The towers are still seen today, in Lalbagh, near Kempambuddhi tank, near Ulsoor lake and near Mekhri Circle.
1809 Bangalore cantonement is set up, There are two distinct settlements, the city or pettah and the cantonement. Shivajinagar becomes a service area, to cater to the needs of the British. 1850’s With the Queen’s order, an open market (known then as new market) flourishes where Russell Market stands today. 44
Bangalore has seen tremendous changes since its humble beginnings as a city of trade - from Kempegowda’s ‘Pettah’ to its identity as a twin city after the growth of the British Cantonement, to the Bangalore we know today. The events of the past are what has shaped the growth of Bangalore.
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Map showing the extent of Kempegowda II’s Bangalore with the four towers. The area that would later become Shivajinagar lay within this boundary even then.
Plan showing the position of the British troops around the Pettah, March 1791. The area that is now Shivajinagar was an open land with a few water bodies.
Maps and images sorced from : book Deccan Traverses by Anuradha Mathu
RUSSELL MARKET
c. 1809 12 - Bowring Civil Hospital 13 - New Market The place where Russell Market stands today was an open market that catered to the public’s daily needs, mainly the British.
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1898 - The plague hits Bangalore, affecting thousands both in the Pettah and the Cantonement. This called for more developed and hygenic market places. 1921 - (Top, Right) - K.R. Market is set up to house the existing market in the area between the fort and the Pettah. 1927 - (Left) - Russell Market is set up in the place of the earlier open market, that used to work well in the Indian context. (Right) - c. 1935 - Cantonement area continues to grow, becoming denser. It can be seen from the map that Bangalore consisted of two nuclei, the Pettah and the Cantonement. Russell Market continues to cater to east Bangalore and remains centrally located. 1935 - Beef and poultry market is set up at the Russell Market square. 46
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Beef Market, c 1946.
POST-INDEPENDENCE - GROWTH OF BANGALORE 1950-1960 Bangalore extends up to Vijayanagar in the west, Austin Town in the south, Cox Town in the east and Sankey Road in the south.
Growth of Bangalore, 1950-1960
1970-1980 Bangalore further extends up to Bapujinagar in the west, Banashankari in the south, Indiranagar in the east and Hebbal in the north. 1990-2010 Bangalore extends up to Peenya in the west, Kengeri in the south, Byapannahalli in the east and Yelahanka New Town in the north.
Growth of Bangalore, 1990-2010
Russell Market started out as an open market, which worked well in the Indian context. But with the onset of the plague, a more hygenic and developed market was needed. As the market was to cater to the British largely, it wasn’t designed keeping the Indian community in mind, which prefers a more open, bazaar-like atmosphere. After independence, the market has seen a gradual deterioration and doesn’t respond well to the Indian context. It is an iconic landmark nevertheless, being at the heart of the city for centuries, and having seen the changes Bangalore has been through Maps and images sorced from : book Deccan Traverses by Anuradha Mathu
RUSSELL MARKET
Growth of Bangalore, 1970-1980
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commercial residential mixed institutional
Landuse Map: While the commercial spaces occupy the street edges on the ground floor, the residential spaces are found on the upper floors and on the insides.
ground ground+1 ground+2 ground+3 ground+4
Height of the buildings : 30% - G 15% - G+1 40% - G+2 10% - G+3 5% - G+4
15-30 years old 30-60 years old 60 years and above above 60 years and dilapidated
0
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5
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Age of the buildings : 15% - 5 to 30 years 25% - 30 to 60 years 50% - 60 years and above 10% - old and dilapidated
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Shivajinagar is famous for its commercial activity which is well integrated with the residential and the institutional aspects.
Most of the old buildings are one or two storeys high ,but the new ones have risen to heights of four or five floors.
RUSSELL MARKET
The important public buildings like the Basilica have been well maintained inspite of being an extremely old one, while the smaller buildings are in a dilapidated state.
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fruits vegetables mutton fish poultry eateries flowers general stores furniture electrical appliances kitchen appliances hardware
BUILDING ACTIVITIES 50
footwear bags clothes other accessories residential lodging institutional tarpaulin
cold storage others
0
5
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Russell market is known for its fresh wholesale produce which is brought in early morning, making the market more functional during the first half of the day.The commodities available around Russell market tend to attract people in the evenings, hence reducing the activity inside the market.
6 am to 3 pm 6 am to 6 pm 6 am to 9 pm 9 am to 6 pm 9 am to 9 pm storage residential dilapidated/unused buildings
Working Hours Russell Market And Its Precinct
RUSSELL MARKET
active till 12 pm active till 2 pm active till 5 pm active till 7 pm active till 9 pm storage residential dilapidated/unused buildings
Active Hours Russell Market And Its Precinct 0
5
10
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NECESSITIES FOR US, LIVELIHOOD FOR THEM
Russell Market was mainly setup in 1927 in Bangalore, to cater to the growing needs of the cantonment, its clientele at the time being mainly British and coninues to do so by catering to a large section of the society in the present scenario. In addition to this its central location and ease of accessibilty credited to the location of the shivaginagar bus stop in its vicinity, the secind largest in the city. Russell Market is famous for its exotic fruits which come in from China, Thailand and Australia, accounting for apples, kiwi, asparagus. It also has its produce coming in from various parts of India accounting for oranges, cauliflower, bittergourd, mutton. Within the state it has its produce brought in by trucks and tempos from various parts of the state which serves to both the retail and the wholesale market.
(Top) Map Of India showing incoming of supply. (Right) Map of Karnataka showing in coming of supply
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- Supply coming in from abroad. - Supply coming in from different cities.
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Russell Market consists of retail and wholesale market. The retail market addresses the population in the radius of 2km and its patrons.(Below) The wholesale market caters to the locations as far as 40kms away from it. The inner radius of 5km is accounted for by autos and small tempos taking round trips everyday which covers places like Toscano, Sunnys’ and army canteens. The outer radius accounts for autos and privately hired vehicles IT canteens, hotels and government offices and canteens. (Below)
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VENDING ACTIVITIES IN AND AROUND THE MARKET
Pedestrian density: Max -fruit and vegetable street Minimum - Mutton street. First floor of Russell market functional only in the morning as a wholesale market. Accumulation of garbage within the market along the pedestrian path adds to the deterioration of the market.
Ground Floor Morning: 8 am
First floor Morning: 8 am 0
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5
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A part of the market is being used as storage,hence making that part non-functional. Functional transformation of space from morning to evening. Inspite of russell market being open the whole day,it is active only for a few hours.
wholesale retail mixed storage pedestrian density garbage poultry fish cold storage eateries
0
5
home decor accessories cart vendors tarpaulin residential car parking two-wheeler parking auto stand others dilapidated/unused buildings
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Ground Floor Evening: 6 pm
RUSSELL MARKET
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PEDESTRIAN DENSITY IN AND AROUND RUSSEL MARKET
8 in the Morning. Left: Inside Russel Market Right: Outside Russel Market
2 in the Afternoon. Left: Inside Russel Market Right: Outside Russel Market
8 in the Night. Left: Inside Russel Market Right: Outside Russel Market 56
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Morning 6 -10 am Russel Market and the road outside is very heavliy crowded. By afternoon as this crowd reduces Jumma Masjid road and Meenakshi kovil road surrounding Russel Market become more crowded. After
sunset Russel Market barely has any crowd, even though the roads immediately around Russel Market still remain crowded.
Church Jn.
Russel Sq
Dharmaraja & Jumma Jn.
Meenakshi & Jumma Jn.
Church Jn.
Russel Sq
Dharmaraja & Jumma Jn.
Meenakshi & Jumma Jn.
Church Jn.
Russel Sq
Dharmaraja & Jumma Jn.
Cars
Autos
Two Wheelers
RUSSELL MARKET
Meenakshi & Jumma Jn.
Pedestrian
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Since russell market has been historically significant,its imperitive to retain its prominence in the area. Russell market fits well into the urban fabric of the area in terms of proportion. However, it doesnt fit into the urban fabric in terms of interaction of russell market with the street. Also,unlike other parts of shivaji nagar,the area around russell market doesn’t offer many pause points for Regular commuters,and acts more like a destination for its users.
OPPURTUNITIES: Development of infrastructure and public facilities. Making the market porous by providing a forefront. Development of the land in front of the market which is currently used for parking. Providing a shaded area for the cart vendors. Renovation.
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
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THREATS: Seasonal influx of people in large numbers. Government(BBMP) against updation and renovation of the market.
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STRENGTHS: Importans landmark of the area. Dominant footprint in Shivajinagar fabric. Recognised market. Centrally located. Surrounded by religious instituitions,residential and commercial localities. Located in close proximity to the Shivajinagar bus stand,easily accessible from all the parts of the city WEEKNESS: Unhygienic condition. No interaction with the street not user friendly. Poor lighting and ventilationconditions. Management of the market ignored by BBMP. Absence of public facilities such as public toilets. Absence of proper drainage facilities. Traffic congestionoutside the market:pedestrian and vehicular.
Section through commercial street
The barricades at the entrance and the shut windows.
VISION: Bringing about interaction between pedestrian/streets and Russell market by increasing Its porosity in terms of building structure. Altering the pedestrian movement from meenakshi kovil street towards russell market by creating more pause points in and around russell market for the regular commuters and users of the area.
RUSSELL MARKET
Minimal skylights making the place dark.
Section through Meenakshi koil street
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IN|MOTION
VIDEOGRAPHY
OWN YOUR WASTE
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NEGOTIATED CITY | SHIVAJINAGAR
FINDING FORTUNE
There are many hardworking and fascinating people in Shivajinagar. The movie is about one of them named Sampath,a lottery addict. Opening shot : Sparrows which were once in abundance are a rare sight in the city nowadays.We happened to spot a lot of sparrows in the dumps of Shivajinagar.This shot is of sparrows feeding on the vegetable waste thrown outside Russell Market.Sparrows have finally found thier fortune. Next scene pans through skyline of Shivajinagar and shows a truck which Sampath drives. Sampath works as a chicken truck driver during the day. His addiction has earned him a prefix title ‘Lottery ticket’ Sampath. He agreed to show us his lottery collection ,a barrel full of lottey tickets and result papers, some of which are over 18 years old .
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Sampath cleans the floor before placing his ‘collection’ on it as his son watches on . Sampath explaining that he provides for his family by being a driver. . His addiction has not come in the way of his duties toward his family.
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With tears in his eyes, Sampath explains the hardships he faced due to lottery. Being a relentless person, even after the 2008 lottery ban in Karnataka, he has been playing lottery in Kerala ,Goa, Mumbai etc.
He humerously puts that there is lottery in each breath that he takes. Eventhough Sampath has not had a lottery win be believes that his persistance will pay one day.
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Gujuri , the place where we met sampath for the first time. “You have to tell my story�, he exclaimed ... as he saw us with a camera.
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Despite being rediculed by people he comes here regularly . Scraping the floor he collects metal pieces left over from dismantling of vehichles that happens during the day.
NEGOTIATED CITY | SHIVAJINAGAR
Sampath, on an average collects 4 kgs of metal scrap which he sells in the ‘raddi’ shops . The money he makes is used in fueling his addiction.
Sampath segregates metal pieces by hand. He recollects instances where glass pieces had pierced his skin.Hopes of winning lottery has kept him going, he says.
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Lakshmi and her family ,migrants from Haveri work as construction labourers.
They use old wooden packing crates from Russel market as firewood
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NEGOTIATED CITY | SHIVAJINAGAR
Mehaboob Pasha, a bike mechanic, believes that nothing goes as waste. In fact e has constructed his corner shop entirely of waste.
Bonnets being used as walls in Pasha’s shop
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Raju is a BBMP paurakarmika ( garbage collector) since 30 years
He seggregates and sells recyclable waste to make ends meet.
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Sampath,like the people mentioned,finds fortune everyday. Hope he realises it..
OWN YOUR WASTE
The End
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OWN YOUR WASTE “The very notion of what we perceive as waste is questioned in places like Shivajinagar.The concepts of reduce - reuse - recycle are unknowingly implemented by the people. In fact many lives revolve around waste. Garbage discarded by society can ba livelyhood, happiness or hope for another. Taking inspiration from these people we ask... ‘Can we own our waste ?’
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Endangered in cities,sparrows feeding on cauliflower waste from the Vegetable Market in Shivajinagar.
Birds feeding on disposed meat waste near the beef market.
A driver by profession , Sampath collects and sells waste(metal pieces from Gujri) to fuel his lottery addiction.
Mehaboob Pasha, a bike mechanic in Gujri has built his entire shop from metal scrap.
Laxmis family uses wooden crates from Russel market as firewood.
Waste from russels flower market goes in manufacture of perfume
Raju, a garbage collector, segregates waste for extra income.
Children cooking a meal using paper as fuel.
WASTE DEPENDENCIES SHIVAJINAGAR
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RADDI SHOPS LOST SPACES SPARROW SCAVENGERS GOAT/SHEEP CATTLE
Waste Dependencies Map
Goats pegged next to vegetable waste.
Shivajinagar has a large number of ‘Raddi shops’ to collect recyclable wate.
OWN YOUR WASTE
An abandoned shop has become abode of cattle and waste dump.
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Bangalore ,being a major metropolitan city in India generates about 4500 tonnes of solid waste daily for a population of 9.4 million people. ie, 0.5-1 kg of waste per person. Meanwhile Shivajinagar, (population:70,669) being Bangalore’s foremost economic hub generates about 8kg of waste per person per day.
Selected area-620 sqmt volume of garbage generated-110 metric tonnes Rest of Shivajinagar-2380 sqmt volume of garbage-80 metric tonnes. SELECTED AREA FOR STUDY
Where does waste go? -Waste is taken to Mavallipura and dumped on site without any processsing. -Its not seggregated in any form and hence causes health hazards. -Mandur,a dumping ground earlier has turned into a landfill. 76
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Tempo
The area selected produces a major part of waste in Shovajinagar and moreover it has a variety of waste including plastic,metal,garbage,biomedical waste,biodegradable waste, non-biodegradable waste.
Waste Management process is carried out by BBMP. In Shivajinagar itself there are 192 paurakarmikas(waste collectors),126 push-carts,8 trucks and 2 compressor trucks to carry out waste management.
Trolley Dumps around nala Public toilets Biomedical waste Permanent dumps
OWN YOUR WASTE
BBMP truck
Gujri/metal waste
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Typical characteristics: -buildings are in a dilapidated condition -residences around are also filled with scrap -health hazards are common -dismantling of vehicles happen on the road causing problems for traffic -roofs,terraces are used for storage purpose
Landuse
distribution of parts in Gujri
Gujri Residences Hotels Shops Tarpaulin shops Church
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Gujri-also known as St. Stephens Square is a hub for reselling of spare parts. These spare parts are derived from dismantling old/ damanged vehicles.
GUJRI ANALYSIS
NEGOTIATED CITY | SHIVAJINAGAR
Cause of the dump: -Location : near Rusell market which produces 7-8 metric tonnes of garbage per day -Access : Ease of collection in terms of roadwidth -Low sense of ownership
others organic
RUSSELL MARKET DUMP ANALYSIS
OWN YOUR WASTE
recyclable
Volume of garbage - 8 metric tonnes(Shivajinagar total:120 m.t) 32 people working(3 officials,2 truck operators,1 JCB,12 trolley people,14 sweepers) Area covered by dump - 180 sq m Area dilapidated - 350 sq m 5 counts of truck collection per week(2 shifts a week during festivals)
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Nala categorised under wet waste Dump around russell categorised under solid waste. Taxi stand and area close to dargah categorised under temporary dumps Gujri area categorised under metal waste
Types of waste: location 80
NEGOTIATED CITY | SHIVAJINAGAR
The image shows the wetdsiposal around the nala,the image conveys that nala has been the dump for the people over many decade.
Gujri is a strret in shivajinagar,where they dismantle all unsed and old vehicle ,and make use of all de genuine parts.
Russell market,the iconic colonial building,stands tall and serves as a major landmark of the bangalore city,also being used as a dumpyard at one of its side.
OWN YOUR WASTE
The beeef market which is next dargah a decade old picture, shows that people back then also used to dispose thing on street (temporary dump).
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EVENINGS
MORNINGS a) Mornings
5am-1pm
Markets opening in the morning creates dumps in the front of markets which are left uncleared throughout the day c) Late Nights
4pm- 8pm
As the night falls, the roads with restaurants create enough dumps on the roads that they affect pedestrian movement on thefootpath
8pm- 3am
Late night stalls are a major contributors of roadside waste and hence waste never stops being generated here 82
b) Evenings
LATE NIGHTS
The waste generated by dumping in the streets by people - at all times
TEMPORARY DUMPS
NEGOTIATED CITY | SHIVAJINAGAR
BBMP Private
The source of waste generated is the maximim by spaces owned by bbmp, mainly because they are public spaces. The least is by the Religious Institutions because the sense of ownership is high.The Private Buildings are a major contributors of the dumps.
OWN YOUR WASTE
Religious Institutions
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Low Medium High
The sense of ownership majorly influences the waste formed in the area. Most public buildings and spaces in the area of maximum dumps are obsered to be affected by very low ownership.
PSYCHOLOGICAL OWNERSHIP 84
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IN| LINE
CARICATURE
3rd SPACE
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NEGOTIATED NEGOTIATED CITY CITY || SHIVAJINAGAR SHIVAJINAGAR
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RUSSELL MARKET – NAMED AFTER T.B RUSSELL, MUNICIPAL COMMISSIONER. IT WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1927 INAUGURATED IN 1933 BY HAJI ISMAIL SAIT ITS BOSTLING WITH ACTIVITIES FROM DAWN TILL WEE HOURS OF THE NIGHT. EVEN THE FIRE THAT DESTROYED LARGE PARTS OF THE MARJET ON 28TH FEB 2012 COULDN’T GUT THE ACTIVITIES AND ENERGY OF THIS PLACE. 88
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3rd SPACE COMMERCIAL STREET ABOUT 1.5 KILOMETRES OF CONTRADICTION WHEN COMPARED TO SHIVAJINAGAR. ITS MORE ORGANISED AND DEVELOPED OVER TIME, MAJOR SHOPPING CENTRES SINCE THE 1920’S WITH A VARIETY OF MERCHANDISE AND BUSINESS FOR PEOPLE OF ALL CLASSES .THE SCENE DEPICTS A CHANGE IN THE ROLE OF THE PEOPLE WHEN MOVED FROM THEIR COMFORT ZONE TO YET ANOTHER PART OF SHIVAJINAGAR. THE POLITICIAN WHO SEEMS LIKE AN ORDINARY SHOPPER. THE THUG WHO’S ALMOST INSIGNIFICANT. THE DAILY VENDOR WHO’S CLUELESS BEYOND HIS TERRITORY.THE OUTSIDER TO SHIVAJINAGAR AT EASE IN THIS SETTING. THE POLICEMAN SUCCEEDS IN MAINTAINING LAW AND ORDER 89
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- NOTIONALHEIRARCHY HEIRARCHY NOTIONAL THE POLITICIAN POLITICIAN ISIS MLA MLA ROSHUN ROSHUN BAIG, THE WHO IS A DOMINANT FORCE IN THE BAIG, WHO IS A DOMINANT SOCIETYINTHE HASTHE A STRONG FORCE THETHUG SOCIETY INFLUENCE EVERYTHING THUG HAS A OVER STRONG INFLUENCE THE DAILY VENDOR, A CHAI WALA OVER EVERYTHING INTERACTS WITH PEOPLE THE DAILY VENDOR, A CHAIFROM ALL STRATA WALA INTERACTS WITH PEOPLE THE POLICE A SYMBOL OF ‘LAW AND FROM ALL STRATA ORDER’ THE POLICE A SYMBOL OF ‘LAW THE ORDER’ VISITOR FEARS THIS PLACE. AND THE VISITOR FEARS THIS PLACE
METHOD IN MADNESS
INDIAN EXPRESS
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BALAMBIKA TEMPLE
SPARE PARTS SHOP
SALAFI MASJID
BEEF MARKET
CORP. BANK
RUSSELL
NEGOTIATED CITY | SHIVAJINAGAR
EACH ONE CONVINCED HE IS OUTSMARTING THE OTHER YET ALL VITAL ROLES FOR THE SYSTEM TO RUN
THE PERCEPTION OF SHIVAJINAGAR STAYS THE SAME EVEN THOUGH IT HAS CHANGED OVER THE PAST FEW DECADES
3rd SPACE
MARKET
St. MARY’S BASILICA
POLICE STATION
CHARMINAR MASJID
SHIVAJINAGAR BUS STAND
COMMERCIAL
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3rd SPACE “THINKING BEYOND AND DIFFERENTLY OF SIGNIFICANCE AND USE OF SPACE PROGRESSING BEYOND DUALITY OF WORL AND LIVE.”
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RESIDENTIAL Residential COMMERCIAL commercial INSTITUTIONAL institutional MIXED mixedUSE use
Land use pattern -Shivajinagar
Area adjoining Hari Masjid Area adjoining St. Mary’s basilica Area adjoining anjaneya temple
Mapping of different religious communities
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Shivajinagar –as percieved by a common man is a busy commercial area with busy bustling roads and the russel market . but what is neglected is the fact that there is dominant residential population living in this precinct of shivaji nagar . Process : selecting sample size based on three religious institutions present in the presinct conducting a survey documenting and infering from the data collected mapping and analysis site selection Area of study: Residential communities living in and around religious institutions of western part of shivajinagar
Religious buildings restaurant educational institutions transportation open grounds healthcare centre
Landmarks
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Survey- residential community-shivaji nagar – bangalore
SAMPLE OF THE SURVEY DONE AT SHIVAJINAGAR
Name: nevedita Age: 19 Occupation: student Total number of members in the family- 5 Do you own the house or is it on rent? – rented- rs11000 Age of the building -40yrs Number of rooms - 2bhk Approximate area of the house -900sqft Distance from workplace – kr market Distance from school to your house (if applicable)-3.5km (b m english school) Distance from nearest playground or park- 3.5km (b m english school) What transport do you use? - bus, 2 wheeler What are the current issues?-lack of play grounds for children drainage overflow Recreational activity – adults – garuda mall, commercial street children –b m english playgrounds, street outside the house family time- garuda mall, coles park community gatherings-church plaza religious meetings-church plaza others-relatives living within shivaji nagar
Observations: Pros:strong influence of the religious buildings in the immediate precint strong binding among people of same locality Cons:lack of sufficient recreation facilities within shivajinagar no buffer between residential and commercial activities 96
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Individual house typology near Noah Street
Individual house typology near Meenakshi Kovil Road
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Survey of area adjoining St. Mary’s asilica
Survey of area adjoining the Nala
Survey of area adjoining Noah Street 98
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Survey of area adjoining Meenakshi Kovil Road
SAMPLE SURVEYED
NO. OF OCCUPANTS
NALA PRECINT
MODE OF TRANSPORT
RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY
OWN V/S RENTED
6+5+6+6+4
MOSTLY MUSLIMS
2
3
ST. MARY’S BASILICA AREA
4+6+5+8+200
TAMIL CHRISTIAN DOMINATION
0
5
ANJANEYA TEMPLE AREA
4+3+3+6
HINDUS
2
2
NOAH STREET
6+20+8+4+7
MIX OF HINDU MUSLIM
2
3
3rd SPACE
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TRAFFIC INTENSITY AND MOVEMENT ALONG PATHWAYS AND ROADS
Width to Height Ratio
Traffic Intensity
Pedestrian Intensity
Major Roads Minor Roads
Maps show the means of transport used by the occupants of the area sampled, and the traffic and vehicular density that is accomodated on the roads adjacent these areas. 100
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The Inner roads consist of narrow streets, accomodating only pedestrian and limited vehicular movement. Old buildings are extremely active, commuters and vendors are present all along the exterior commercial fabric with the residential areas situated in the inner layer of the fabric.
Width to Height Ratio
Traffic Intensity
Pedestrian Intensity
Major Roads Minor Roads
3rd SPACE
The lower fabric consists of commercial outlets mainly selling household goods,Tarpaulin sheets, hardware Etc. while the upper levels have residences. Most of the units are rented out, while the owners have moved to other parts of the city.
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The edges of the drainage are lined with shops functioning as printing and automative work spaces. The shops along this edge use the covered naala for executing their manual work. The drainage line also connects the two main roads, shivaji road and HKP road.
Width to Height Ratio
Traffic Intensity
Pedestrian Intensity
Major Roads Minor Roads
Interior streets are extremely narrow, allowing only pedestrian and two wheeler vehicular movement. Most of these narrow lanes are used also as parking spaces on either side further reducing their usability. 102
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The commercial exterior acts as a skin to the residential core, However with lack of public and transitional spaces in between the them. There is a lack of material resources, in terms of roads and infrastructure to regulate, manage and foster access to public spaces.
Width to Height Ratio
Traffic Intensity
Pedestian Intensity
Major Roads Minor Roads
3rd SPACE The main roads – HKP Road and Shivaji road, meenakshi kovil road, studied around the areas sampled witnessed heavy traffic especially at the nodes. 103
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3rd SPACE 105
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STRENGHTS
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
SWOT ANALYSIS THE RESIDENTIAL AREA ADJOINING NOAH STREET LACK OF HEALTH & HYGIENE FACILITIES
COMMUNITY SPACE
GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
STRONG SENSE OF COMMUNITY
HOUSING MODULE
MAINLY RESIDENTIAL
NARROW STREETS
HIGH DENSITY
NARROW STREETS CANNOT HANDLE LARGE CROWDS
FACILITIES FOR CHILDREN
THE AREA ALONG THE NALA NALA MULTI-PURPOSE
LACK OF HEALTH & HYGIENE FACILITIES
GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
COMMUNITY SENSITIVITY TO MOSQUE SPACE
MADRASA
MAINLY RESIDENTIAL
NARROW STREETS
FACILITIES ROADS FOR KIDS IN BAD STATE
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CONNECTIVITY TO SHIVAJI RD & HKP RD
HIGH DENSITY
NARROW STREETS DOMINATING COMMUNITY
NEGOTIATED CITY | SHIVAJINAGAR
THE AREA AROUND THE TEMPLE STRONG SENSE OF COMMUNITY
RESIDENCES & BUS STOP IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
PAUSE-POINT FOR COMMUTERS
ACTIVELY USED SENSITIVITY TO PRECINCT TEMPLE
LACK OF HEALTH & HYGIENE FACILITIES
HEAVY TRAFFIC
ROADS IN BAD STATE
COMMUNITY SPACE
COMMERCIAL SPACE
HEAVY TRAFFIC
THE RESIDENTIAL AREA AROUND ST. MARY’S BASILICA DOMINATING COMMUNITY
ACTIVELY USED PRECINCT COMMUNITY SPACE
RESIDENCES & BUS STOP IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
OVERCROWDING DURING FESTIVALS
CATALYST NEEDED
FACILITIES HEAVY FOR TRAFFIC CHILDREN
NEED TO CONTROL EXISTING DORMITORIES TRAFFIC
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INFERENCE
Site Area: 7135 sqm Diverse in terms of the landuse. Has a core residential unit, well connected to the two main roads, HKP and Shivaji Road The residential being the first space and commercial being the second, the need for a third space is evident
1. Site Adjoining the Nala Area
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2. Site Adjoining the Temple
Site Area: 2645 sqm Has a small plaza currently used by commuters as a pause point. Site Area: 5170 sqm The residential units behind the church owned by the bishop are proposed sites for an upcoming commercial units.
Also there is a need for an instituitonal unit. This aspect can be built on to create a third space.
3rd SPACE
2. Site Adjoining St Mary’s Basilica
Close proximity to the bus stop.
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IN|FOCUS
PHOTOGRAPHY
AMORPHOUS BOUNDARIES
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“Do you think they’re brothers?” “Nah they don’t seem to be working together .” “But they are.”
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BOUNDARIES
Just as roses have thorns that don’t show...
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“Jump across, walk around. “I don’t think we should go in there ” Wade through.” “But Madamji there’s a house at the end of it!” 114
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BOUNDARIES
...Though each one has a different way to go..
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“There are two side to this story” “If you over look the third.”
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BOUNDARIES
...They are still part of one reality... 117
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“Ma’am could you please smile for the camera” “No.” “Bhai saheeb can we take a picture of your wife?” “No.” “Ma’am can we take a picture of you?” “SURE!”
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BOUNDARIES
...Often not afraid to be seen ... 119
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“So where do we walk now?” “Anywhere I suppose”.”
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BOUNDARIES
...They stand out clear, however fine...
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“There are no ways here, only roads.”
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BOUNDARIES ...But sometimes as if there is no in-between...
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“I need some space .”
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BOUNDARIES
...They morph into a single line.
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“I don’t think we should go in there ” “But Madamji there’s a house at the end of it!”
Just as roses have thorns that don’t show... 126
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Aileen Goveas Aishwarya Sarda Anirudh Kabra Akshata Hegde Archana R Ayesha Praveen Pratiksha
BOUNDARIES
CAPTURED BY
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AMORPHOUS BOUNDARIES “Just as roses have thorns that don’t show Things may not be what they seem to be Though each one has a different way to go They are still parts of one reality Often not afraid to be seen They stand out clear however fine But sometimes as if there is no in-between They morph into a single line...”
BOUNDARIES 129
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INTRODUCTION The picture (courtesy of the inframe workshop) shows the various negotiated layers in shivajinagar and the intricate, yet ordered relation among them.
BEGINNINGS OF STUDY
The layers may be intersecting or repeating in the vicinity. The understanding of these layers is the focus of the study.
The different layers observed are :-
Pedestrian
Traffic
Vendors
Parking
The study attempts to understand the behaviour, relationship and the negotiations that exit between these layers. 130
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Pedestrians The pedestrian movement and intensity depends on the location of means of transportation, religious institutions and main commercial spaces(shops).
Traffic The maximum traffic is observed at important activity generation points such as Shivajinagar bus stand and its surroundings, Meenakshi kovil street, Commercial street,Norrona road(In front of Russel market) and Jumma masjid road.
Vendors
Parking
BOUNDARIES
The vendors are primarily located where there is maximum pedestrian inflow, a surface for them to sell, sufficient shade from the sun and adequate lighting facility, .Such conditions are seen in Meenakshi kovil street,Norrona road and Jumma masjid road.
The parking facility is provided in areas such as in front of Russel market, the upper floors of the Shivajinagar bus stand, on either side of commercial street. 131
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PLACE OF STUDY: MEENAKSHI KOVIL STREET
0 5
15
About Meenakshi Kovil Street Meenakshi Kovil Street is one of the most used and important street in the vicinity. Along its lenght, It has several prominent landmarks, the bus stand, Meenakshi Temple, St Mary’s Basilica, Bowring Hospital and few more religious places around.
The street with different charactors emphasizes on the different behaviours with the change in time. An active scenario with dense population right infront of the church on Meenakshi Kovil Street highlights the usage of the space at different times. 132
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NEGOTIATED CITY | SHIVAJINAGAR
WHY MEENAKSHI KOVIL STREET? The street connects all major landmarks around and hence, It is a very busy and an important street. temple in the backdrop
H:W-1:1.5 hospital and apartment wall
Church boundary wall
H:W-1:2.5
Vendor
Vehicular Traffic
BOUNDARIES
Built Commercial Space
It is also a part of the triangle connect between the three major movement generators in the locality, which are the Bus stand, Seppings road junction and Commercial Street. Hence it has high intensity of pedestrian and vehicular movement. The street has all the elements choosen for the study and the height to width ratio is 1:1.25 which makes the street public in nature.
Pedestrian Vendor
Permanent Built
A Generic section through the street. 133
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LAYERS ON THE STREET MORNING
PEAK HOURS
NIGHT
2 / 40m / min
8 / 40m / min
11/ 40 m / min
28 / 30m / min
150 / 30m / min
55 / 30m / min
2 / 30m / min
10 / 30m
5 / 30min
5 persons/100 sqft church visitors and vendors
70/100 sqft customers , shopkeepers and vendors
40/100 sqft residents , customers , shopkeepers and vendors
Permanent stores open @ 10:30 am
Permanent stores with space for vwndors in front
Extended store - a place to sleep at night
vegetable- 4-7am 10/2m flower 2/m
25/30 m length textile
1/20 m length
8/4 m length - 2 wheeler - 2-3 along the street near garbage
1/4 m length near E-1 street and russell market
1/4 m length
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Morning: 6 - 9 am
Peak hours: 10 - 7 pm
15
Night: 8 - 11pm
35 M
pedestrian intensity vehicular intensity parked vehicles concentration of vendors public buildings commercial residential religious
Key plan
0
10
35
BOUNDARIES
0 5
50 M
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A CLOSER LOOK AT THE PUBLIC REALM
KEY PLAN
AIM OF STUDY This study was carried out to understand the underlying order followed in the layering of the various elements in the public realm. And also to take a look at the physical elements that influence their behaviour in the larger frame of events.
THE LAYERS IN PLAN 136
DETAIL AT A
DETAIL AT B
NEGOTIATED CITY | SHIVAJINAGAR
OBSERVATIONS AND INFERENCES The public realm being predominantly commercial, followed a certain order in the llayering of elements, viz.The shop fronts -pedestrians and parked vehicles - street vendors - pedestrians and moving vehicles, this being one half of the section and a similar mirrored pattern in the other half. Street vendors pick places to sell on based on interaction with the pedestrian edges and also other conditions such as the available ground and wall surface, lighting conditions, shade during the day (As seen in the case of the vendors’ network that runs along the boundary wall of Bowring-Curzon Hospital, due to its height and thus its ability to pro-
A GENERIC STREET SECTION
SECTION YY
BOUNDARIES
Most of the expected pedestrian movement on the sidewalks spills over onto the roads due the usage of the sidewalks by the vendors to sell. Also, the condition of the sidewalks being bad in several places is not conducive to unhindered pedestrian movement.
pedestrian movement street vendors vehicular movement
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INFERENCES AND OBSERVATIONS
The long and high wall of the Bowring Hospital is used by vendors also put up display of their products.
Vendors also put up the display in front of shops, usually in between two shopfronts.
Parked vehicles are also used by the vendors to sell on. Almost in the same manner of using a counter or a ledge. 138
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Vendors are also found selling against the temple entrance. (left) Selling against gates and boundary walls can be abstracted to a dimensional surface situation. (bottom left)
BOUNDARIES
vehicular vendors pedestrian
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Physical boundaries -Explicitly definedboundary elments such as barricades, compounds,fences and bollards.
BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
levels
material changes 140
-Material changes -Level differneces
NEGOTIATED CITY | SHIVAJINAGAR
explicit fencing
Notional boundaries Spaces that have characteristic which are psychologically unpleasant and unwelcoming such as tight spaces,dark spaces and clogged up spaces.
BOUNDARIES
Surface treatments such as facade design styles can denote notional edges of community pockets or the character of the region with these edges.
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Street vendors are also seen to be concentrated near the corners, upto 25 feet into bye-lanes.Most of the sidewalks are occupied by the street vendors and permanent shops to display goods. Also, the pavements are poorly maintained, making it difficult for pedestrians to use it(left).
Pedestrians are forced to walk on the main street(right). They occupy nearly 60% of the 10 metre widestreet, creating congested conditions for vehicular movement(right).
Some shop owners allow street vendors to set up their display in front of their shop provided that the vendors sell goods other than the ones available in the shops(left).
Interaction between the elements on Meenakshi Kovil Street-the street vendors, pedestrians,building edge and vehicular traffic (left)
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Sites chosen for intervention(above)
BOUNDARIES
VISION The study makes it clear that the physical and social construct of Shivajinagar works on the phenomena of boundaries being broken, leading to negotiations.Our intention is to retain this quality that supports the dynamic relationships that depend on it.
Each of the above sites is chosen either due to its lack of spaces for negotiations, currently not functioning at their full potential, OR due to the existing dynamic relations requiring a more convenient and designed setting.
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IN|MOTION
VIDEOGRAPHY
TEXTILES
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‘‘When you are having fun and creating something you love, it shows in the result’’
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The thread is a short movie about the textile business of Shivajinagar, which is 60% of all the business taking place in this area. It shows how life of people working there is interdependent on each other. Shivajinagar is like an entire world in itself where people of different religion and age work and co-exist. And for the people of shivajinagar, work is worship.
[
THE THREAD
For the people who makes Shivaji Nagar, their profession is their religion. The interconnectivity and unity among the people makes their business grow and prosper. Here, everybody has a place and purpose, be it a roadside footwear vendor, a bangle store or even a cobbler. This movie is one thread of a complex web which is Shivaji Nagar.
‘‘It’s hard to imagine the amount of work and time that has gone into making those jeans you’r wearing. And the number of people who worked on it? Let’s not even go there’’
Cloth Tailor Embroid
TEXTILES
]
There are three major kinds of shops which are dominant in the textile industry in shivajinagar i.e tailoring shops , embroidery shops and cloth material shop. These businesses are heavily interdependant, and hence, one cannot survive without the other. This movie shows how these businesses go about typically and also documents the lives of a few people who run these businesses.
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Dada bhai’s journey in the material market, goes back to his forefathers, who were from Gujarat. His grandfather Mohammad set up a material market store in Gujarat named ‘Surya store’. Mohammad Rahman along with his 4 brothers moved to Bangalore in the year 1966 and after setting up a business here, moved their family here in 1972. In 1972 Dada Bhai was just 10 years old.
Name: Abdul Rahman
(Dada bhai) Shop Name: Mona Collections Occupation: Dealer in Materials
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In 2003, he purchased the same store for Rs. 12,00,000. His financial support came from outsiders. Along with his store he has also purchased his house. He lives with his family, his old mother, wife and 3 kids. His oldest daughter’s wedding is planned to take place this December. Dada Bhai continues to have a debt of Rs.8,00,000, which he plans to pay off within the next 4-5 years.
While Mohammad Rahman’s brothers did not survive in Bangalore and moved back to Gujarat, Surya Store was taken over by Mohammad Rahman’s 4 sons who renamed the store ‘Textile Bazaar’. In the year 1980, after getting educated in S.D.A High School, Dada Bhai at the age of 18, joined the material market. In 1997, after the sudden demise of his father, he took over his father’s business.
‘‘My son Azaad is 16 years old. I’d like for him to take over my business. It has scope and i am positive about it’s development’’
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Amaan Sharif is of age 35. He was born and brought up in Bangalore. His father was an iron merchant, who started work in the outskirts of Shivajinagar. At present his family owns a shop in Shivajinagar called the ‘ AI traders’. After finishing SSLC at Kuthal Islam at the age of 18, Amaan Sharif decided not to join the family business as it disinterested him.
This is when he trained and learnt tailoring under a few shops in Commercial Street, one of which was that of Shyam Roy. He rented out his own shop in the year 2006 which was the same year he got married. He named the shop ‘Nigar’s Collections’ after his wife. He works with 2 employees under him and wishes to buy his own place but cannot afford to do so, due to financial circumstances.
Shop Name: Nigar’s
collections Occupation:Tailoring business
Both his brothers are working with his father in the same business. He stays in a joint family in Shivajinagar, a house in which they presently own. He talks about the significant growth in the tailoring market in the last few years. His only complaint about the business is that, his shop like most, is located in one of the most narrow lanes of Shivajinagar, due to which it is difficult for the tailors to advertise.
TEXTILES
‘‘My shop is on an inner lane and I face fierce competion from my peers. Yet, i don’t have a shortage of customers. This is exactly why I, or others like me continue this trade’’
Name: Amaan Sharif
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TEXTILES “The Thread”, continuing from the understanding got from videography, this mapping study deals with analyzing the interdependencies and intercconnections of not just the markets of textile, but also the types of shops, types of streets locations of shops on different streets, types of customers and the intern effect of these on the character of the streets.”
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Area of study
INTRODUCTION Shivajinagar, has two major crowd-calling areas- Rusell Market and Commercial Street. Over the years, and due to the recent fire in Rusell Market, the focus of being the face of Shivajinagar, has shifted from Rusell Market to Commercial Street. Commercial street, mainly contains textile market, which forms 60% of total business in Shivajinagar. This mapping tries to analyse and understand the area, throught a study of textile market of Shivajinagar. 152
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Commercial Residential Educational Place of Worship Civic Restaurants and Eateries Open Spaces Water Bodies
TEXTILES
The textile market of Shivajinagar consists of 4 types of shops: Readymade market, material market, embroidery market, tailoring market.
Images from top left clockwise: Embroidery shop, Tailoring shop, Material shop, Readymade shop. 153
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readymade garments material tailoring embroidery
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TYPOLOGY OF THE SHOPS
This map shows typology of shops in shivaji nagr. mostly they are categorized into four types i.e, cloth material shops , tailoring shops, embroidery shops and readymade cloth shops. commercial street and jumma masjid street mostly consist of readymade shops. ibrahim street has a mix of readymade, material and tailoring shops. seppings road mainly consists of small material shops on internal streets. 154
STREETS A-Commercial Street B-Ibrahim Sahib Street C-Veera Pillai Street D-Jumma Masjid Road E-Sultan B Cross F-Seppings Road
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above left: tailoring shops above middle: material shop above right: embroidery below bottom: readymade cloth shop
ready made material tailoring embroidery other bussiness
commercial street readymade - 34 material -2 tailoring - 2
Ibrahim sahib street readymade - 16 material - 22 tailoring - 17 embroidery - 1
jumma masjid street readymade - 28 material -2 tailoring - 1
seppings road readymade - 10 material - 62 tailoring - 1
TEXTILES
NO OF SHOPS STREET WISE
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PEDESTRAIN TRAFFIC
Very high High Medium Low
NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS PER DAY
5-20 20-50 50 Above
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PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC AND NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS PER DAY The study done to compare the density of pedestrains from one street to another. To relate the vehicular traffic density and pedestrain density. To find the dependency between number of customers visiting a shop and the pedestrain density on a certain street. The number of customers on Ibranhim Sahib Street is more than number of customers on Commercial Street as per unit area considered. 156
STREETS A-Commercial Street B-Ibrahim Sahib Street C-Veera Pillai Street D-Jumma Masjid Road E-Sultan B Cross F-Seppings Road
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A SHOP ON IBRAHIM STREET
A SHOP ON COMMERCIAL STREET
Images on top and bottom respectively- Commercial Street and Ibrahim Sahib Street.
“ONE SHOP UNIT” One shop unit is the typical size of a shop unit assumed for the purpose of comparing the number of customers per shop as per area. A TYPICAL SHOP UNIT IS OF AREA 10 SQM STREET Commercial Ibrahin Sahib
AREA 67 10
UNITS 7 1
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High 4 wheeler traffic High 2 wheeler traffic Low 4 wheeler traffic Low 2 wheeler traffic
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VEHICULAR TRAFFIC WITH ROAD WIDTHS
The map shows a comparative study of vehicular traffic with road widths.
This is to compare and understand the variations in road widths and it’s relation to the type of shops on each street. The type of shops also determine the type of people and customers on each street. This inturn determins the vehicular traffic per street. The interrelation between the character of the street, road width, type of shop, type of customers can be thus understood. 158
STREETS A-Commercial Street B-Ibrahim Sahib Street C-Veera Pillai Street D-Jumma Masjid Road E-Sultan B Cross F-Seppings Road
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As evident as it seems, the wider roads have comparatively higher vehicular traffic. i.e., Commercial Street, Seppings Road. Contradictory to this, is an exception- Kamraj Road, which is 8m wide and comparatively has the least vehicular traffic.
TEXTILES
The backstreets of Commercial street, i.e., Ibrahim Sahib Street, Veera Pillai Street, have comparatively lesser road width, lower 2 wheeler traffic, but very high 2 wheeler traffic. Images from top left clockwise: Kamraj road, Commercial Street, Jumma Masjid, Ibrahim Sahib Street.
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STREET CHARACTER
A. COMMERCIAL STREET
Width of the street is broad 4 wheeler traffic is high because of broader road width. Parking of one side of the street. Heavy pedestrain and vehicular traffic overlap.
NAME
TYPE
2. BOMBAY TEXTILES 3. JAZZY FASHION 4. BOMBAY DYING 5. W
READYMADE RETAIL
1. NIHAAR PLAZA
AREA
NO. OF UNITS
CUST/ DAY
250 SQM
X 25
8 YRS
20 - 50
150 SQM
X 15
12 YRS
15 - 20
30 SQM
X3
7 YRS
50 ABOVE
300 SQM
X 30
15 YRS
30 - 40
50SQM
X5
8 YRS
10- 15
90% of the shops on Comm St are of readymade retail. Majority of g+3 structures. Majority of customers are of upper middle class. Active in signage because of class of people and standard of shops. It is a one way street. The shop owners of Comm St do not reside in Shivajinagar. Unlike other streets, the upper floors are either godowns or shops and not residences. 160
AGE
Plans showing two typologies of shops on commercial street.
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STREET CHARACTER High 2 wheeler and pedestrian traffic. Vendors on both sides of road. Relatively narrow street.
TYPE
1. MEERA FASHION 2. JAGDEESH COLLECTIONS 3. NIGAAR TAILORS
TAILORING READYMADE RETAIL
NAME
AREA
B. IBRAHIM SAHIB STREET
NO. OF UNITS
12 SQM 15 SQM
10 SQM
CUST/ DAY
25 YRS
10 - 15
10 YRS
10 - 15
12 YRS
7 - 15
Mostly g+1 or g+2 structures. Uneven profile of street. Residence on top with shops below. Majority of readymade retail. Customers are middle class and lower middle class. High 2 wheeler and pedestrian traffic inspite of a narrow road. 2 wheeler parking on both sides Vendors of readymade clothes and footwear on both sides of street.
TEXTILES
Shop of area 10 sqm approx. with residence on top
X 1.5
AGE
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C.VEERA PILLAI STREET
1.KASHISH TAILORS 2. ZARA BOTIQUE
TYPE AREA
T A I LO R I N G
NAME
NO. OF UNITS AGE
13 SQM 12SQM
OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS -mostly g+3 strs -buildings are 30-40 years old -4 major eateries used by the working class. -low traffic with parking on either sides -very few scattered tailoring shops -very narrow pedestrian pathways
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STREET CHARACTER Narrow street. Relatively high pedestrian density. Residential in character. Two wheeler parking on either sides. Old abandoned buildings.
CUSTOMERS
X1
9 YRS
3-4
X12
2 YRS
7-8 PER SHOP
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NAME
TYPE AREA
1. REHMAN COLLECTION
R E A D Y M A D E R E TA I L
STREET CHARACTER -comparatively less vendors. -heavy pedestrian and vehicular traffic. ( 4 wheeler and 2 wheeler). -one way vehicular traffic (towards kamat hotel). -even profile of the street. -no civic facilities (like toilets etc.) available.
2. GOLDEN PLAZA
63SQM 1400
D.JUMMA MASJID STREET
NO. OF UNITS AGE X6
X140
CUSTOMERS
10 YRS
10-15
8 YRS
10-12 PER SHOP
-Mostly readymade market -Only two tailoring shops available. -Mostly g+3, upper floors mostly residential. -2 major landmarks- masjid and temple located adjacent to each other.
TEXTILES
OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS:
A typical retail unit on jumma masjid road.
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E.SULTAN B CROSS ROAD
STREET CHARACTER Most of the shops are readymade retail . Most of the shops are temporary
1. SHOP A 2. SHOP B
TYPE AREA R E A D Y M A D E R E TA I L
NAME
NO. OF UNITS AGE
CUSTOMERS PER DAY
6 SQM
x 0.5 4 YRS
8 - 10
9 SQM
4 YRS
8 - 10
OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: Boundary wall of the bowring institute being used by the lower class and immigrants. Temporary structures with tarpauline roofs Heavy two wheeler movement. Only concrete street in shivajinagar. Storage for these markets in masjid. Only 1 food joint and 1 tea stall. 164
Details of the temporary structures on Sultan B Cross road .
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F.SEPPINGS ROAD
STREET CHARACTER Elevation profile is uneven. G+0 strs comprise of a shop. g+2 strs usually have a shop at the bottom and godown on top. Rent ranging from rs 200 to rs 1500 per day. An open sewage canal runs perpendicular to the road.
TYPE
1. MAQBUL TEXTILE 2. SHAQIR COLLECTIONS
MATERIAL RETAIL
NAME
AREA
NO. OF UNITS AGE
CUSTOMERS PER DAY
2 SQM
/5
8 YRS
5 - 10
6 SQM
/2
22 YRS
10 - 15
Majority of material market. 50% of shops are stalls arranged side to side. Majority of the shopkeepers belong to the lig group. Internal streets are highly pedestrian.
TEXTILES
OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS:
Temporary retail market details on seppings road 165
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INTERVENTION Proposed interventions to primarily cater to wellbeing of texile market in Shivajinagar.
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1. TIBETIAN STREET Providing better connectivity to Sultan B Cross Road. Providing temporary residential spaces for seasonal merchants like the tibetian migrants who are here mostly during monsoon and winter. 166
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2. SEPPINGS ROAD To provide better access to the material market which at the moment remains unapparent. To provide civic and recreational facilities for the commerical stakerholders on site. To provide offices for the Material Market Association and instill their importance. To create a community space which improves interaction and interdependence between the stakeholders on site.
3. VEERA PILLAI STREET AND KAMRAJ ROAD The tailoring and embroidery market in particular remain undiscovered because of the location of the shops and been given less importance. Aim is to bring importance to this market by means of workshops, retail, different new means of embroidery and old handicraft ways of embroidery on to the streets which have major existing crowd.
TEXTILES
Proving a production factory of materials for the interconnected markets of Shivajinagar. To provide employment opportunities for the working class of the area and create more interdependencies amongst the market of textile.
Images - left: Tibetian Street, right top: Palace Mall on Seppings Road, right bottom: Veera pillai street. 167
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LIST OF REFERENCES DECCAN TRAVERSES (ANURADHA MATHUR, DILIP DA CUNHA) A STUDY OF THE EASTERN WATERFRONT OF MUMBAI (KAMAL RAHEJA COLLEGE, MUMBAI) BETTER STREETS, BETTER CITIES- AGUIDE TO STREET DESIGN IN URBAN INDIA (CHRISTOPHER KOST(ITDP), MATTIAS NOHN) THE PROMISE OF THE METROPOLIS: BANGALORE’S TWENTIETH CENTURY (JANAKI NAIR) BANGALORE: THE STORY OF A CITY (MAYA JAYAPAL) ILLUSTRATIONS BY PAUL FERNANDES
REFERENCES
PHOTOGRAPHY ANKITA SABHARWAL DIVYANSH AGARWAL MANASA G. NIDHI B. R.
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CLASS OF 2011-15 BATCH R.V.C.A
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