Atoyac River Pre - entrega

ATOYAC RIVER

INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES DE MONTERREY

PROYECTOS INTEGRADORES II MIKAËL DAVID WATERDRINKER Sumérgete en l os l ugares e i nspi raci ones de l as más grandes hi stori as de amor de I ngl aterra

DAVID GÓMEZ IRVING BLANCO PAOLA YIREL VERDAYES ALEJANDRA VELÁZQUEZ

CONTE NTS FIRST PART

STRATEGY

URBAN ANALYSIS

Masterplan

39-40

01-02

General Context

Case studies

41-42

03-04

History

Conclusion

43-44

05-06

Municipalities

07-08

Urban Synthesis

09-10

Sociodemographic

Acquifer vulnerability

45-46

Infraestructure

Industrial Sectors

47-50

Use of soil

Key Points

51-52

Economy

Context

53-54

Relief

Photographic analysis

55-56

Hydrology

Sustaintation

57-58

Risk Zones

Masterplan

39-40

59-64

OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMATICS

41-42 Water Treatment calculations

65-66

29-32

Main themes and ambitions

Energy Calculations

43-44

67-68

33

Strenghts

Leisure Areas

34

Opportunities

"Industrial city" Kevin Lynch

35

Weaknesses

Intervention

36

Threats

37-38

Spatial zoning

11-12 13-14 15-18 19-22 23-26 27-28

SECOND PART

69-70 71-72 73-80

CONTE NTS

THIRD PART

Macromasterplan

81-82

Site analisys

83-84

Single zone objective

85-86

Micromasterplan

87-88

Concept

89-90

Sustainability

91-92

Actors map

93-94

Hydrology

95-96

Site plan zone

97-98

Landscape Section profile Constructive section axonometric Design details Visualization

99-100 101-102 103-104 105-106 107-114

URBAN

ANALYSIS

GENERAL CONTEXT

SPATIAL ANALYSIS

01

The Atoyac River, born in the Sierra Nevada de Puebla, runs through Tlaxcala and then returns to Puebla to empty into the Valsequillo dam. .

It is surrounded by protected areas at high altitude in the states of Puebla, Mexico and Morelos. Its active volcanoes PopocatĂŠpetl and the snowy Iztaccihuatl are among the highest peaks in the country, as well as the La Malinche volcano in the state of Tlaxcala.

There are relevant bodies of water in the area, such is the case of the San Antonio de Atocha lagoon, also known as Tochac lagoon, in Apan, Hidalgo. The lagoon is a relatively preserved relic of the great system of lakes that formerly existed in the Basin of Mexico. In the same way, the Laguna de Atlangatepec stands out, located towards the north of the state of Tlaxcala

02

HISTORY

THE ATOYAC BASIN The Atoyac River is a nationally owned body of water and constitutes a resource vital, vulnerable and finite with economic, social and environmental value whose deterioration in the last decades is associated with its economic growth, an expansion sustained demographic and an irreversible process of urbanization and industrialization.

Before the arrival of these companies, in the early 1990s, the water body was already damaged, mainly by municipal discharges; however, in recent years, the region's contamination has diversified with industrial discharges.

In 1995, Méndez et al reported that the incorporation of wastewater from Tlaxcala, San Martín Texmelucan, Moyotzingo and the City of Puebla to the river caused an increase in the content of soluble salts, heavy metals, detergents and fats in the area. Later, Méndez et al. (2000) sampled soils subjected to irrigation for more than 30 years with river waters, revealing that the water had concentrations of metals in the order Fe> Pb> Mn> Cr> Cd, detecting them in the analyzed soil.

03

LENGTH

92 KM THIS CONTAMINATION HAS WORSENED IN THE LAST 30 YEARS DUE TO OMISSION, NEGLIGENCE, CORRUPTION, IGNORANCE OF THE PROBLEM AND LACK OF POLITICAL, BUSINESS AND CITIZEN WILL TO REMEDY IT.

MUNICIPALITIES

31 MAIN RIVERS

ATOYAC ALSESECA ZAHUAPAN WATER CATCHMENT

24% POPOCATÉPETL 6% MALINCHE

04

HISTORY

MUNICIPALITIES

The Atoyac River forms in the Sierra Nevada, in the state of Puebla. The river enters the territory of the state of Tlaxcala, from where it returns to the Puebla territory to irrigate the extensive Puebla-Tlaxcala valley.

In the south of the municipality of Puebla, it is dammed in the Manuel Ă vila Camacho dam, also known as the Valsequillo dam. The river continues its course towards the southwest, crossing the valleys of Atlixco and Matamoros.

The three valleys constitute the most populated area of the state of Puebla, and concentrate a good part of the agricultural and industrial activity of the state

05

06

URBAN SYNTHESIS

URBAN DENSITY

8,310

13,811 3,100

3,366

2,699

2,124

According to the previous table of information , this map ilustrates the density of population of the municipalities that sorround the river´s areas. The bigger the circle the more inhabitants the region has

07

2,699

REGIONS WITH HIGHER URBAN DENSITY

1,606

2,400 10,027

PUEBLAÂ

10,027

1,576,259

13,217

Cuatlancingo

8,474

112,225 112,225

1,576,259

Tlaxcalancingo

54,517

54,517

4,871

08

SOCIODEOMGRAPHIC

URBAN FACTS

09

10

INFRAESTRUCTURE

CONNECTIVITY

This map makes a compilation of the most important infrastructure that makes up the context of the Atoyac river.

Also, the urban areas surrounding Puebla are framed, such as Tlaxcala and Cholula. The state of Puebla and its capital city are very important points of commerce and development for the center of the country.

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12

USE OF SOIL

ACTIVITIES This map shows the graphic representation of a planning instrument, through which the areas suitable for urban growth were achieved, the areas that are not susceptible to urbanization due to various conditions. In it the uses and destinations of the land are ordered, densities are assigned and the future growth of the city is oriented.

MAIN USES: AGRICULTURE INDUSTRIAL USE HOUSING

13

14

ECONOMY

INDUSTRIES / AGRICULTURE /

15

WATER TREATMENT PLANT .

Among the main productive activities carried out in the state are: real estate services and rental of movable and intangible assets; trade in goods and services; the manufacture of machinery and equipment; construction; and transportation, mail and storage.

The most important strategic industries in the state are: automotive and auto parts, metalworking, chemicals, plastics, textiles and clothing, furniture, agro-industrial, fresh and processed food, tourism, decorative items, marble, mining, medical services and technologies. information (IT).

Puebla is the second largest automotive producer in Mexico, only after Aguascalientes. In the area of infrastructure, the state has 18 industrial and / or technological parks.

Due to its location, its infrastructure and a complete communications network (10,242 km of highways and an international airport), Puebla has become an important convergence zone for economic activity in the central and southeastern region of the country.

Puebla is a state that is characterized by having a green ecosystem in most of its municipalities, the municipalities through which the Atoyac River passes are no exception.

16

The river runs through areas that should be fully exploited by the inhabitants, but this is not the case due to its high levels of pollution of East. It should be mentioned that they are areas of rainy season (gray color of the map) and that they are used with irrigation crops in 70% (green color).

ECONOMY

INDUSTRIAL CONCENTRATION

17

Along the Atoyac River we see three strong areas of the textile, automotive, food and chemical industries. The first is located in San MartĂ­n Texmelucan, the second on the left side in San Baltazar Temaxcalac and that is also where the Quetzalcoatl industrial corridor is located and finally in the lower part is the third point of concentration of industries in Papalotla and Tenancingo

18

RELIEF

RIVER CONTEXT Coniferous and oak forests and forests of different types predominate; scrubland in the north, south and southeast of the state, as well as grasslands, mountain forests and temperate forests in the central portion. In the high areas of the volcanoes is the high mountain meadow.

Agriculture occupies 45.2% of the surface of the state.

77 km

92 km CONIFERS

IRRIGATION LAND

The Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae, or commonly as conifers, are a division of vascular land plants containing a single extant class, Pinopsida. They are cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. All extant conifers are perennial woody plants with secondary growth. The great majority are trees, though a few are shrubs.

Examples include cedars, Douglas firs, cypresses, firs, junipers, kauri, larches, pines, hemlocks, redwoods, spruces, and yews.[1] As of 1998, the division Pinophyta was estimated to contain eight families, 68 genera, and 629 living species.

Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall. Irrigation also has other uses in crop production, including frost protection, suppressing weed growth in grain fields and preventing soil consolidation.

In contrast, agriculture that relies only on direct rainfall is referred to as rainfed.Irrigation systems are also used for cooling livestock, dust suppression, disposal of sewage, and in mining. Irrigation is often studied together with drainage, which is the removal of surface and subsurface water from a given area.

19

47 km

35 km

28 km 25 km

15 km

RAINY SEASON LAND

AGRICULTURE

Rainfed agriculture is distinguished in most of the literature from irrigated agriculture, which applies water from other sources, such as freshwater from streams, rivers and lakes or groundwater. As farmers become more aware of and develop better water resource management strategies, especially in light of climate change adaptation strategies, most agriculture exists on a spectrum between rainfed and irrigated agriculture.

In the context of zoning, agricultural land or agriculturally-zoned land refers to plots that are permitted to be used for agricultural activities, without regard to its present use or even suitability. In some areas, agricultural land is protected so that it can be farmed without any threat of development. In the city of Puebla this type of land is encountered between some urbanized sections as is showed in the diagram.

20

RELIEF

HEIGHTS

21

22

HIDROLOGY

CONNECTIONS

The Atoyac river maintains a connection with the Zahuapan and Alseseca rivers. Around these, endless streams and ravines are created that allow planting in a large territorial extension. The atoyac covers some municipalities and two states, Tlaxcala and Puebla. This great body of water ends on the outskirts of the city of Puebla.

70% of the water in the River "discharge water" enters the river carrying pollutant and toxins from domestic, industrial and agricultural uses and sub-surface water treatment plants

23

24

HIDROLOGY

TOXIC IMPACT

According to a series of studies the analysts found heavy metals such as copper, zinc, aluminum, magnesium and iron, and other fecal coliform residues all along the river.

It was also found presence of harmful substances from the discharges of the industries of three industrial corridors Quetzalcóatl, Ixtacuixtla and Huejotzingo Another parameter that was measured was the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BDO) that was taken in La Constancia and reached 1,010% of what was established, since the maximum that must circulate through the river is 39.6 mg / l.

According to a study carried out by the Comisión Nacional del Agua (Conagua) and Semarnat in the Atoyac, Alseseca and Rabanillo rivers, 433 cubic meters per second of wastewater are discharged, which means that at least the equivalent of an Olympic pool is discharged every five seconds to the tributary, on average.

25

38 MILLION BACTERIA

IN A VOLUME OF 100 ML

THE RIVER´S CONTAMINED WATER REPRESENTS A SEVERE HEALTH PROBLEM FOR THE POPULATION, AMONG WHICH ARE:

Undernourishment Stunted growth Lead poisoning Arsenic poisoning

DISEASES:

Cholera Typhoid fever Ascariasis Amebiasis Hepatitis A Esquistosomiasis Legionelosis Paludismo

26

RISK ZONES

FLOODS This mapping shows the vulnerable points to flooding within the city of Puebla and areas close to it. In addition, main roads that help as reference points and the different water bodies that exist in the city are indicated. Part of the Alseseca river is included and each of the colonies that are near Atoyac and that have flood problems are included in yellow.

VULNERABLE NEIGHBORHOODS:

13

Lรกzaro Cรกrdenas Teopantlale Campestre del Bosque La Constancia Luz Obrera Alberto de la Fuente Reforma Sur Buenavista Norte San Miguel de la Rosa Las Animas Bosques de Atoyac Mayorazgo Tres Cerritos

27

28

OPPORTUNITIES

AND PROBLEMATICS

CS

MAIN THEMES AND AMBITIONS

Take advantage of natural resources and their immediate context, activating the local economy through conscientious and responsible ecotourism.

Protect, improve, recover and take care of the quality of the water of the Atoyac River by eliminating the relationship that exists with the Industry, reducing the flow of toxic waste and ensuring the sanitation of the river

Protect the river from the polluting effects that agriculture produces and protect agriculture from possible bacteria from the river and the impact it generates on the consumption of products

River sanitation River sanitation

River sanitation

Generate jobs

River life recovery

Create awareness about caring for the environment

Promote the responsible use of water

29

Stop the negative impact of river water on health through harvest Create awareness about caring for the environment

Protect homes and businesses from the river source, avoiding possible floods and health problems, and at the same time improve the equipment of the affected area to ensure the life and well-being of the inhabitants

Protect the river from damage caused by human activities, employing new waste treatment techniques and encouraging the services provided by the state to be effective.

River sanitation

River sanitation

Guarantee the safety of the population

Improve the living conditions of the inhabitants

Promote ecological awareness and respect for the river

Promote respect for the river

Improve Life Quality

Implement new waste management techniques.

30

MAIN THEMES AND AMBITIONS

HYPO THE SIS

Once the areas of the river have been identified and categorized, it will achieve a better quality and use of its waters and its surroundings through the implementation of strategies, which are adapted to the needs of each area.

31

THE PROYECT

The project's objective is to rescue the river from a socio-environmental perspective, in which its productivity is recovered and its sanitation is achieved.

Within the strategies, direct user-river interaction is taken into account, so that it can become an enjoyable space in its respective area. In the same way, the project aims to create environmental awareness to avoid the incorrect use of waste from the large companies that surround the river.

It is highlighted that the consequences of a river in poor condition and with lack of control are disastrous, affecting the inhabitants and their homes, so part of the strategies also takes into account the avoidance of floods.

32

STRENGHTS

NATURAL RESOURCE The Atoyac river is a natural resource with a total area of 4,011 km2 and crosses 70 municipalities

LOCATION The Atoyac river sub-basin is located between the states of Puebla and Tlaxcala and forms part of the beginning of the Balsas river basin, in the partial hydrological region No. 18, the Zahuapan river meets the Atoyac river about 10 km north of Puebla.

WEATHER Annual precipitation is 827 mm

33

OPPORTUNITIES

ECONOMY The area where the Atoyac River islocated has become an important convergence zone for economic activity in the central and southeastern region of the country.

FERTILE SOIL The soil that borders the river is fertile, which helps agriculture

34

WEAKNESSES

ALTERATION OF THE WATER CYCLE Industrial activities and transportation emit large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. It has been observed that the accumulation of gases is related to an increase in temperature in the planet that modifies the circulation of water in ecosystems.

UNINHABITABLE FOR SPECIES Pollution makes fish sick, but not just fish, it also kills all forms of aquatic life

HIGH LEVELS TOXICITY

OF

The natral resource of the river, which is the water.It cannot be used for consumption due to its high toxicity

35

THREATS

DEFICIENCY IN PUBLIC SERVICES People dump organic and inorganic garbage into the river because the garbage truck does not frequently pick up the garbage,

NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY Agriculture is directly affected due to contaminated water seeping into the land and affecting crops

NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE FISHING INDUSTRY A well as agriculture, this industry is directly affected. The spieces that inhabit the rivr are not abl to survive due to the absence of oxigen and the high levels of toxicity

36

SPATIAL ZONING

PĂ GINA 8

ESTRATEGIES PLAN

After the analysis carried out previously, we decided to locate these 5 areas that show a strong relationship with the Atoyac River and that must be treated for the rescue of the tributary. Each of them will be treated individually, offering strategies according to the particular case that we see in the area.

ZONE 1.

Hydraulic power generator

ZONE 3 Agricultural pot for irrigation

ZONE 2.

Chemical waste treatment.

ZONE 4 Canalization of the river

37

ZONE 5 Correct waste management.

SPATIAL ZONING

ZONE 1

STRENGHTS advantage (pending)

over

OPPORTUNITIES topography

tlow leves of toxicity

THREATS

WEAKNESSES

proximity to industries with

lack of public services

high polluting waste

38

SPATIAL ZONING

ZONE 2

STRENGHTS

OPPORTUNITIES

annual precipitation of 827 mm

rainwater harvesting for subsequent industrial use

WEAKNESSES

THREATS

incorrect waste management

illnesses due to polluted water

39

SPATIAL ZONING

ZONE 3

STRENGHTS enough water

space

OPPORTUNITIES to

capture

rainwater harvesting for subsequent agriculture use

WEAKNESSES

THREATS

polluted river

hail cannon causes future droughts

40

SPATIAL ZONING

ZONE 4

STRENGHTS

OPPORTUNITIES

located within urban area

Improvement of the economic level

WEAKNESSES

THREATS

water excess because of pollution and connection with water bodies

loss of housing

41

SPATIAL ZONING

ZONE 5

STRENGHTS

OPPORTUNITIES

connectivity

Improvement of the economic level

WEAKNESSES

THREATS

insufficient equipment

lack of public services

42

STRA TEGY

MASTERPLAN

43

44

CASE STUDIES

CASE 1 ULTRA SMALL MOBILE HYDRAULIC POWER GENERATOR

CASE 2 CASE 2 WATERPLEIN (WATER SQUARE) BENTHEMPLEIN

CASE 3 AGRICULTURAL POT FOR IRRIGATION

CASE CASE 24 CANALIZATION OF THE RIVER IN URUBAMBA VALLEY

CASE 5 ECOLOGICAL TOILETS

An ultra-small mobile generator designed in Japan, it works in shallow and slow currents so it can be placed on the banks of rivers. This generator has a 1 meter by 28 centimeter housing and weighs just 18 kg.

Inside the iron casing the turbine blade is mounted.

The front of the casing is 15 cm higher than the bottom, which generates enough current in the water to power the turbine blades.

This strategy combines water storage with the improvement of the quality of urban public space. It generates opportunities to create environmental quality and identity to spaces. Most of the time the water square will be dry and used as a recreational space. Three basins collect rain water: two undeep basins for the immediate surroundings will receive water whenever it rains, one deeper basin receives it only when it consistently keeps raining.

This system functions as depressions on the ground, adapted for the collection of rainwater and runoff. It represents an excellent way to take advantage of rainwater by generating a catchment area, which must be technically calculated, that allows capturing, storing and supplying rainwater.

The Incas had the knowledge of how to treat river and rainwater without polluting them. Even they were forced to create stone embankments to channel the rivers, these consisted of filling the land with earth to form a support plane for a work.These were created in order to prevent flooding through the lowlands.

Also known as dry toilets, this mechanism does not require water for the evacuation of wastes, instead it saves the consumption of water without polluting. Its functioning is based on aerobic fermentation, composting and desiccation to degradate fecal matter. It consists of container which recovers the feces, which will be covered with sawdust or dry organic matter. When it is full, it is emptieded and placed in a suitable place for its correct treatment.

41

RIVER SANITATION THE FILTRATION OF THE RIVER TO HAVE CLEAN WATER, IS OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE.

In the first instance, a natural barrier of vegetation is provided so that solid waste, such as garbage that may be present in the water, could be kept trapped with the help of the channel in its path. The water has a continuous flow so there are no complications for other activities The height of the vegetation varies according to its position: The first barrier is high vegetation where the first residues are trapped.

The second is submerged vegetation where those with the highest density are removed.

Solid waste grid for later recycling Gutter with transverse blades to filter grease Ecological filter: Mesh basket with ball stone, poma stone and sand Aquiferous or purifying plants: camalot, water cabbage or reeds

42

CONCLUSIONS

""

More than half of the great rivers of the world are seriously polluted and depleted, degrading and poisoning the ecosystems that surround them, threatening the health and vital livelihoods of people who depend on it for irrigation, drinking or industrial use.

""

- ISMAIL SERAGELDIN.

43

The importance of caring for our natural resources ad its impact in our lives, is a huge challenge for us as archictects not only because water is a vital element, but also by the fact that we need to get involved in each need and every matter of the society and the environment.

A body of water of this magnitude, supports thousands of people and their daily activities.

In addition, it could once again be the home and livelihood of many animal species. That is why, the need to start with a health plan for the river and its surroundings is imperative.

In order to achieve this, it is necessary to start with certain proposals that allow the river to be protected from highly aggressive human activities. I

This project is focused on the relationship that exists between human beings and the river. It is through this guiding idea that a series of strategies have been proposed that allow the coexistence between the inhabitants near the cause of the river and the river itself. These strategies range from the architectural to the industrial design of artifacts that contribute to the de-pollution of the river. Extensive analysis and studies have been done to determine which were the best ideas that we believe could help solve this problem.

Finally, analogous cases have been presented that serve as strong evidence that an optimal result can be achieved if the different strategies are actually put into practice. In conclusion, we believe that a clean river can be had for the benefit of all; for habitants, animals and enterprises. There is a need of cooperation, of sustainable awareness and it could be an opportunity to change.

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2ND

PART

ACQUIFER VULNERABILITY

45

DETECTED PROBLEMS:

De fo rest at i o n i n t h e up p e r p ar t o f t h e b asi n Ri v e r p o l l ut ed b y i ndus t r i e s th at do no t t reat t h ei r w at e r s 8 0 % Ag r i c ul t ure g et s r i v e r w at e r t h at i s p o l l ut ed b y i ndus t r i e s 8 0 % P e o p l e w i t h di s e as e s due t o f o o d c o nt am i nat i o n and s ub s t anc es fo und i n t h e ri v e r F l o o ds i n c ert ai n r e s i de nt i al ar eas t h at are at t h e s am e l e v e l o f t h e ri v e r

46

MAIN INDUSTRIAL SECTORS THA THEIR WASTE IN THE ATOYAC RI

TEXTILES

CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL

47

AUTOMOTIVE AND AUTO PARTS

PAPER

AT ELIMINATE IVER BASIN

FOOD INDUSTRY

OTHERS

METALWORKING

48

BEVERAGES

PEMEX

CEMEX

Pemex unloads 3 million 310 thousand 562 cubic meters in nine points of the Atoyca river

Cemex Mexico located in Tecalli de Herrera discharges 788 cubic meters into the Temacachalco Valley aquifer that belongs to the Atoyac watershed

49

INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES "

The 5 companies that most pollute the Atoyac River are CEMEX, AUDI, Volkswagen, PEMEX and Garci Crespo. Pemex being the one that pollutes the most of the five, expelling 32 liters of pollutants per second to the Atoyac River; while in second place is Volkswagen that pollutes 26 liters per second. Likewise, our analysis made us verify the irregularity that exists in terms of regulations

"

VOLSKWAGEN

Volkswagen de Mexico discharges 632 thousand cubic meters of water into the Atoyac river

GARCI CRESPO

The Garci Crespo bottling plant discharges 606,528 cubic meters into the Papaloapan river that crosses the TehuacĂĄn region

50

AUDI

Audi Mexico, located in San JosĂŠ Chiapa, discharges 242 thousand underground meters in the Libre Oriental aquifer that also belongs to the Atoyac basin

COMPAN IES

According to "Registro PĂşblico de Derechos de Agua" (REPDA) and Coordinadora de Agua para todos this are companies that have the most negative impact on the river

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PROJECT KEY POINTS Clean the water in the Atoyac River Take advantage of the land and irrigation systems to be able to consume food from the agricultural industry Reactivate the economy in all the areas of intervention

Encourage to be a role model for other companies

Creation of leisure spaces

52

CONTEXT

53

54

PHOTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

TOXIC DISCHARGES

Both the animals that inhabit th river and the ones who drink water from ir, become the fist affected

INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Toxic waste not only float in the river, but also remain outside and spread everywhere.

55

WATER TREATMENT

It is not a priority or concern for industries to take care of water even if they have the facilities to do so

INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT

Lack of leisure places and green spaces

56

SUBSTANTIATION

57

58

MASTERPLAN

59

CHOSEN AREA

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ROADS

60

61

62

PROCESS

63

64

WATER TREATMENT CALCULATIONS

65

66

ENERGY PRODUCED IN THE HYDROPOWER PLANT POWER CALCULATIONS The power installed in any plant hydroelectric power is measured in MW and is given by the next expression:

Where: P = Average power, in kW Q = Average usable expenditure, in m3 / s γ = specific weight of water Hb =hydraulic head available in m ηs = total plant efficiency (75 to 90%) 9.81 = acceleration of gravity in m / s

THE POWER WILL BE :

10 MW PRODUCED BY TWO UNITS OF:

5MW

AVERAGE ANNUAL GENERATION

EACH, POWERED

BY PEL-TON TYPE TURBINES.

It is the power times the number of hours of operation in a year, and is defined by the Plant Factor, F.P., which when it is close to 1, is considered that the central works the 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. It also can estimate based on the regional value of the plants current hydroelectric plants of 40.1% 13. The Annual Average Generation, G.M.A., is expressed in GWh / year:

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ADVANTAGES:

AN AVERAGE ANNUAL GENERATION OF

78.4 GWH HAS BEEN ESTIMATED.

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LEISURE AREAS

69

This map shows in a range of 2 km around the starting point of the intervention. It was identified that there are no nearby recreation spaces and there are only two parks within the established range. In turn, according to a photographic record, it is shown that the spaces lack maintenance and are jts attended by a few people. Thanks to this map, we have detected the need for spaces where society can carry out leisure activities, have contact with nature and play sports is verified.

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THE IMAGE OF THE "INDUSTRIAL"CITY

WAYS TO REACH HOME AFTER WORK

AVERAGE HOURS A WORKER SPENDS IN THE FACTORY

8H

PATH CONDITIONS

DISTRICTS

sidewalks in poor condition difficulty crossing the river narrow sidewalks winding roads lack of lighting at night

social housing drained neighbourhoods lower middle socioeconomic level

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LANDMARK education health food places industies

"

According to the analysis technique of the urban planner Kevin Lynch, a study was carried out at the Volkswagen industry complex, in order to determine the movements of workers, and thus identify how workhome and the places move that could be needed to break with their routine, spend some time off or exercise.

NODE high concentrations of people connecting roads with secondary streets

EDGE the neighborhoods divide the industrial zone from the residential zone creating a barrier

72

"

ACTUAL STATE

73

74

INTERVENTION

75

76

BEFORE

77

AFTER

78

SECTION

79

80

3RD

PART

MACROMASTERPLAN

81

82

SITE ANALISYS

83

84

SINGLE ZONE OBJECTIVE

85

86

MICROMASTERPLAN

87

88

CONCEPT

89

90

SUSTAINABILITY

91

92

ACTORS MAP

93

94

HYDROLOGY

95

96

SITE PLAN

97

98

LANDSCAPE

99

100

SECTION PROFILE

101

102

CONSTRUCTIVE SECTION AXONOMETRIC

103

104

DESIGN DETAILS

105

106

VISUALIZATIONS

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114