Delivery of Sustainable Cities – Making ‘Great Places’ from the Global to the Local For PIA NSW State Conference 2015 Planning to Manage Change Presented by: David Klingberg David Lock Associates September 2015
or…….. ‘What Can We Learn From Recent Global Trends and Practices in Planning and Design?’
Make no little plans; they have no magic to stir men's blood and probably themselves will not be realized. Make big plans; aim high in hope and work, remembering that a noble, logical diagram once recorded will never die‌‌ Daniel Hudson Burnham (1907) Was an American architect and urban planner
David Lock Associates is a specialist international town planning and urban design consultancy with a drive to imagine ‘the people and places of tomorrow’.
Today’s presentation
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The Imperative
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The Need for a National Planning Policy
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Smart Cities
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The Aerotropolis
The Imperative - Mega Cities
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In 2012, 26 urban areas were classed as mega cities (>10 million people)
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Asia most populous: 60% world’s population
The Imperative •
Humanity is officially an urban species – at this moment, more than half of us live in cities
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The number of city dwellers is expected to double by 2050 to more than six billion people – the number alive on earth right now
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The number of megacities (10 million or more) will increase from three in 1950 to twenty-seven by 2025, housing 450 million among them
The Imperative - Global Warming & Resource Depletion Cities consume... •
World’s energy 75%
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Greenshouse gases 80% (Ghgs production)
Growing Populations vs Scarce Resources •
An ‘unrecognizable’ world by 2050?
The Imperative
The world’s governments are poised to spend a staggering $35 trillion in infrastructure in the next two decades, the majority on transport and urbanism.
The Need For A National Planning Policy •
There is no comprehensive national planning policy for Australia
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By contrast, Malaysia and Indonesia are two countries which are being successful in how they are planning for significant population and GDP growth and regional and national development
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At a National level Malaysia has adopted the Nation Physical Plan (2010-2020)
The Need For A National Planning Policy •
Indonesia is experiencing and forecasts continued substantial population growth.
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They have formulated and subsequently adopted the Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia’s Economic Development (MP3EI)
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It seeks to accelerate and expand economic development in order to support its transformation to a developed country by 2025.
The Need For A National Planning Policy •
In Malaysia, a Physical Planning Council body was established at the Federal Government level
MALAYSIA – The National Physical Planning Council and NPP
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The National Physical Planning Council consists of representatives from various Federal Ministries, States and others involved in the land use planning and development control process.
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The National Physical Planning Council formulated the National Physical Plan (‘NPP’). Malaysia’s Second National Physical Plan (2010-2020).
MALAYSIA – The National Physical Planning Council and NPP •
The NPP provides a long-term strategic framework for national spatial planning
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The NPP includes measures to tackle climate change and conserve natural resources and biological resources in the country
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The NPP complements the Five Year Economic Development Plan as it provides the spatial dimension to the sectoral distribution of natural resources in the country
MALAYSIA – The NPP and the Greater KLKV (NKEA) Plan
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The NPP identifies five growth regions, one of which is the Kuala Lumpur Klang Valley.
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The Greater KL/Klang Valley region was identified as the critical economic growth centre. Over 37% of the nation’s GDP is identified as being related to Kuala Lumpur and Selangor.
MALAYSIA – The Greater KLKV (NKEA) Plan and the Greater KL/KV Land Public Transport Master Plan •
The Greater KL/KV Land Public Land Use Master Plan sets out an integrated 20 year plan to transform land and public transport in the region and build a world class city.
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It is a delivery plan for implementation and funding sources and it outlines the requirements for performance monitoring.
MALAYSIA – The Greater KLKV (NKEA) Plan and the Greater KL/KV Land Public Transport Master Plan •
It has resulted in real, on the ground provision of transport infrastructure and associated development.
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The first of three mass rapid transit lines is being built and will be completed by 2017.
INDONESIA •
Indonesia is moving towards more participatory development planning.
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The Indonesian Government subsequently developed and implemented the Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia’s Economic Development (MP3EI)
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The Master Plan, or MP3EI, is to accelerate and expand economic development in order to support its transformation to a developed country by 2025.
INDONESIA •
The Master Plan includes three main elements: •
Developing six Indonesian economic corridors by establishing centres of development within every corridor, developing industry clusters and a special economic zone, based on advanced commodities resources;
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Strengthening national connectivity, which includes intra- and inter-connectivity of centres development, intra-islands (corridors), and international trade;
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National science and technology acceleration to support the development of the main program.
INDONESIA
INDONESIA •
The implementation of the Economic Corridors is expected to result in acceleration and expansion of economic growth, with needs in infrastructure development for phase one (2011-2014) being estimated at USD 150 billion.
The Need For A National Planning Policy •
We can learn from both Malaysia and Indonesia by looking into the feasibility of having a body similar to that of the National Physical Planning Council in order to allow for communication across the various tiers of government.
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Local councils could be part of forums that can deal with cross-regional issues, such as housing strategies.
Smart Cities Popularisation – Entering the Mainstream
Smart Cities Popularisation – Entering the Mainstream
Value of the Smart Cities market •
The U.S Market research firm Markets and Markets adopted a more general definition – which includes smart building and urban and cyber security among other technologies – and estimated the market at $1 trillion by 2016
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The UK Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) evaluated the global market for smart solutions and estimated its value to reach $400 billion by 2020 of which 10% can be reaped by the UK
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The global business consulting firm Frost and Sollivan valued the market at $1.5 trillion by 2020.
Smart Cities - The New Urban Fabric Smart Cities thinking and application is weaving its way into what we do, how we work and how we live and interact.
What is a Smart City? From Wikipedia •
A smart city (also smarter city) uses digital technologies to enhance performance and wellbeing, to reduce costs and resource consumption, and to engage more effectively and actively with its citizens.
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Key 'smart' sectors include transport, energy, health care, water and waste. A smart city should be able to respond faster to city and global challenges than one with a simple 'transactional' relationship with its citizens.
What is a Smart City?
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Interest in smart cities is motivated by major challenges, including climate change, economic restructuring, the move to online retail and entertainment, ageing populations, and pressures on public finances.
What is a Smart City? The Six Objectives (EU & Giffinger et al)
What is a Smart City? The Six Objectives – Multiple Elements
The Smart City Mandala
Delivering Smart Cities A TWO STEP PROCESS:
Step 1. Smart city implementation and development relies on access to available: •
Knowledge and communication; and
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Social infrastructure
Step 2. Combination of technology with other organisational, design and planning efforts to speed up bureaucratic processes and deliver new innovative solutions to city management and development to improve sustainability and liveability
What is a Smart City? The Six Objectives (EU & Giffinger et al)
Objective One: Smart Governance
The elements
The delivery – strategies and actions
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Excellent participation in public life
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ICT and e-governance
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Great public and social services
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Transparency and open data
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Open and transparent governance
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Responsive on-line government and decision making
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State of the art interactive tools and on line workshops
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World class education facilities and training
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High quality, safe and comfortable public places to meet and interact
DLA/ITP ICT TOOLS • Instaplan
• Illustrative DLA • Smart data collection
• GTFS feed creation
ILLUSTRATIVE DLA • A relatively simple app, that uses Google Maps. • It provides the user with a drop down list of current sites. • On clicking the chosen site the map directs you to the overlays the existing master plan/parameter plan/ framework plan etc. for that site. The map can be viewed either from above or oblique. • Clickable elements to the map bring up site statistics (land use table, size of site, proposed site facilities etc.)
Objective Two: Smart Environment
The elements
The delivery – strategies and actions
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Sustainable environmental conditions
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Green energy planning and delivery
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High air quality (no pollution)
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Green urban planning and design
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Ecological awareness
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Green buildings
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Sustainable resource management
CCAP Precinct Predictive Analytics + Climate Change
David Holden, Associate Director David.holden@kinesis.org
Predictive Analytics + Climate Change
Predictive Analytics + Climate Change
Analysing the impact of climate change on infrastructure
Objective Three: Smart Living
The elements
The delivery – strategies and actions
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Culturally and economically vibrant
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Deliver excellent housing quality
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Happy people
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Provide security
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Safe places
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Ensure cultural facilities
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Healthy people
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Provide healthy conditions
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Deliver world class education facilities
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Integrate tourist attractions and services
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Guarantee economic welfare
Objective Four: Smart Mobility
The elements •
World class (inter-) national accessibility
The delivery – strategies and actions •
Aerotropolis – global connectivity
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Well designed multi-modal interchanges and access – tod
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Excellent local accessibility
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A sustainable transport system
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World class public transport network
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Accessible and integrated itinfrastructure
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Prioritised clean & non motorised options
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Integrated BRT/ light rail network
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Comprehensive walking and cycling network
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Blue and green networks
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Integrated ICT
Urban transport systems
“Open data� in transit Open connectivity
International Experience
Mexico City Open Transport Data
Manila Road Transit Rationalisation
Cebu Traffic - data tools
Objective Five: Smart People
The elements The delivery – strategies and actions • Support high levels of qualification • Develop university and technology precincts • Support lifelong learning • Develop innovation, incubator and • Promote ethnic plurality business hubs • Promote open-mindedness • Create places for cultural festivals and public events • Create gathering places – places for outdoor living and interaction • Support a high quality lifestyle – good housing, good schools, safety, vibrancy and comfort
Next City: How Dating Apps Are Changing the Way We Behave in Public
Objective Six: Smart Economy
The elements
The delivery – strategies and actions
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Support an innovative spirit and entrepreneurship
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Aerotroplis development – global connectivity – e.g.
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Promote an economic image & trademarks
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Deliver innovation and business hubs
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Promote and embed world class institutions, businesses and facilities
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Attract and support world class events
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Increase productivity
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Provide flexibility of labour market
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World class (inter-) national accessibility•
Support a high quality lifestyle – great housing and services, world class public transport, safety, vibrancy and comfort
Songdo City, Korea •
607 acres (6km2)
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Test bed: new technologies
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Digital form of life
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Cisco sold over 20,000 units telepresence: its advanced videoconference system
Delivering Smart Cities: The Six Objectives (EU & Giffinger et al)
Delivering Smart Cities: Our Approach
Smart Cities Conclusion •
Smart and smarter cities are here to stay
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We can deliver better cities using a smart cities framework
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We don’t have to deliver all of the smart cities objectives all at once
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Different objectives are needed to be achieved depending on the place and conditions of that place
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Cities need to find their own definition of smart
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There is strong and legitimate role for architects, planners and urban designers to play in the delivery of smarter more sustainable and liveable cities
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We have to remember the human scale – its about the people
COULD SONGDO BE THE WORLD’S SMARTEST CITY?
SONGDO •
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Songdo, South Korea’s purpose-built ‘smart city’, was built on new embankment on Incheon waterfront. Songdo International Business District has been compared to a ‘living organism’. • • •
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Green spaces make up nearly half of the city 16 miles of cycleways. Impressive underground waste disposal network
Largest private real estate development in history.
SONGDO •
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Songdo is unique from other cities built to fulfil a specific need being built as an integrated, hi-tech environment. Described by developers as a ‘global business hub’ and ‘home to a variety of residential and retail developers’. Occupies 1,500 acres of land ‘reclaimed from the Yellow Sea’, making it the largest private real estate development in history.
SONGDO •
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Songdo has been a huge part of the move towards sustainable growth. Novel model with 40% of its area dedicated to outdoor spaces. By comparison, Seoul and other South Korean metropolises are densely populated with few openair areas for residents. Songdo is unique, offering city inhabitants something they never had access to before: green space for leisure.
Aerotropolis New Songdo is a 20-minute drive from Incheon International Airport, over a 13mile bridge. The airport is a 3½hour flight from one-third of the world's population
Aerotropolis An Aerotropolis Particular: • Functional forms • Physical forms • Networks and linkages They have significant economic impact measured up to 90km from the airport
Aerotropolis
Aerotropolis
Aerotropolis
Aerotropolis
Aerotropolis
Aerotropolis
Aerotropolis North Texas ‘aerotropolis’ adds $31.6 billion to economy
Aerotropolis •
Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport generated $31.6 billion in economic activity this year for North Texas, a region that can be understood as an “aerotropolis” of passengers and freight connected to the world
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“Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport is one of the jewels of our region and the world,” Dallas Mayor Mike Rawlings said.
Aerotropolis •
The word aerotropolis was coined by John Kasarda, director of the Center for Air Commerce at the University of North Carolina, who describes airports as routers in “the physical Internet.”
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“The fastest, best-connected places will win” in the new global economy, he said. “We are seeing airport-centered urban forms emerging across the world.”
Aerotropolis •
Kasarda said he has followed 12 such airports, including D/FW, for 17 years.
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The number of passengers flying worldwide is expected to nearly triple by 2030 to 13 billion. Cargo traffic is also expected to triple by value, he said.
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“Fresh fish. Flowers. Biomedicine. They all move by air,” he said. “Almost all high-tech supply chains are moving by air on the physical Internet.”
Aerotropolis
Aerotropolis
Aerotropolis
“Sydney's Badgerys Creek airport will not have a rail connection� Jamie Freed AFR August 2015 Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development deputy secretary Andrew Wilson expects the airport at Badgerys Creek to be a similar size to Adelaide airport Aviation industry executives have criticised plans for the second Sydney airport at Badgerys Creek, saying they are too small for a world-class facility.
Aerotropolis
“Sydney's Badgerys Creek airport will not have a rail connection� The federal government says the airport in the city's west will be capable of handling 10 million domestic and international passengers a year through a single terminal when it opens in 2025, but it will lack a rail connection. Paul Bredereck, the managing director of regional airline Jetgo, told an aviation industry conference in Sydney the plans for Badgerys Creek appeared to be "small league" in terms of vision.
Aerotropolis Badgerys Creek is 57km west of the Sydney CBD by road and 48km from Kingsford Smith. Some air travellers will need to connect between the two airports, given the likely demand for international-domestic and domestic-domestic transfers anticipated. Many others will arrive late at night as no curfew is envisaged for Badgerys Creek. Depending on the scope of activity in the initial years, the airport could have more than 20,000 passengers a day arriving and departing based on the expected throughput. If half that number require public transport, there would need to be more than 125 daily bus trips shuttling between Badgerys Creek and the city.
Aerotropolis
Mr Bredereck said.
"If the city is a world-class city and you are building a world-class airport for the future, do it properly," "Do it once, do it well."
Aerotropolis In Contrast: KLIA Ekspres and KLIA Transit KLIA Ekspres is a non-stop airport rail link service in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia linking Kuala Lumpur Sentral (KL Sentral) with Kuala Lumpur International Airport(KLIA) Express Rail Link (ERL) recorded an even better performance in 2014 compared to the year before in terms of passenger ridership, revenue and operating profit Total ridership grew by +32% and fare revenue grew by +36% while the market share of KLIA traffic increased to 17% (vs 15% in 2013)
Aerotropolis
Aerotropolis
Model
Desiro ET 425 M Electric Multiple Unit
Manufacturer
Siemens AG
No. of trains
8
No. of carriages
2 propulsion carriages 2 passenger carriages
Dimensions
Length - 68,700 mm (2,700 in) Width - 2,840 mm (112 in) Height - 4,160 mm (164 in)
Weight
120 Metric Tonnes
Electrical System Voltage
25 kV 50 Hz AC
Acceleration
1.0 m/s2 (3.3 ft/s2)
Top Speed
176 km/h (109 mph)
Commercial Top Speed
160 km/h (99 mph)
No. of passengers
156 seated
Aerotropolis KLIA Ekspres and KLIA Transit The KLIA Ekspres service officially began operations on 14 April 2002 connecting Kuala Lumpur with the Kuala Lumpur International Airport. The non-stop 57-kilometer journey takes around 28 minutes with trains departing at 15minute intervals during peak hours and 20-minute intervals during off-peak hours.
Make No Little Plans
Make no little plans; they have no magic to stir men's blood and probably themselves will not be realized. Make big plans; aim high in hope and work, remembering that a noble, logical diagram once recorded will never die‌‌‌.. Daniel Hudson Burnham (1907) Was an American architect and urban planner
THANK YOU
David Lock Associates Contact: David Klingberg
Suite 111, 50 Holt Street Surry Hills NSW 2010
t: +61 02 9699 2021 info@dlaaust.com www.dlaaust.com