Maximising the Potential of Transport Infrastructure and its Integration with the City David Lock Associates August 2015
David Klingberg, CEO, David Lock Associates Australia
͞ /d/ ^ Z d, 'Z d ^d Z d/KE^ K& ,hD E/dz͟ Daniel Libeskind Architect/Urban Designer
͞ ĂǀŝĚ >ŽĐŬ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞƐ ŝƐ ĂŶ international town planning and urban design firm with a drive to imagine the people and ƉůĂĐĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŽŵŽƌƌŽǁ͟ David Lock Associates
David Lock Associates / ITP
Specialist International Planning, Urban Design and Transport Planning Consultancy
Masterplanning Strategic Planning Statutory Planning Landscape Design Transport Planning High Quality Plans and Graphics
Tech Precinct WA ʹ Curtin University and Tech Park WA Integrating New Town Centre and Transport Infrastructure
David Lock Associates / ITP
David Lock Associates / ITP
Dynamic team of highly experienced leaders and problem solvers Deliverers of large scale urban extensions, new towns, urban regeneration and development implementation
David Lock Associates / ITP
dŽĚĂLJ͛Ɛ WƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ
The importance of integrated land use and transport planning Transforming your city through integrated land use and transport planning -‐ from theory to reality Delivering Transit Oriented Development ʹ The Need for Comprehensive Planning Delivering Transit Oriented Development ʹ TOD Standards Case Studies -‐ Masterplanning to maximise the effectiveness of new and existing transport infrastructure
David Lock Associates / ITP
The Importance of Creating Great Well Connected and Integrated Cities and Towns
Comfort and Amenity Connection and Interaction Community building Attraction Increased economic $$$ value Economic, social and environmental sustainability
David Lock Associates / ITP
Global Issues and Challenges ʹ we can find solutions!
A rapid rate of urbanisation The need for multidisciplinary planning The need for a coherent and easily understood vision The need to ensure we are not missing opportunities in existing urban areas The need to arrest and improve unsustainable development patterns
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ The need for comprehensive planning
One of the first tools a government can use to begin to direct development into a specific corridor is a comprehensive plan. Comprehensive plans indicate that a city is using its planning powers to focus growth into strategic corridors that are currently served by surface mass transit or where there are plans to do so in the future. A comprehensive plan is often the first step in creating a vision for transit-‐oriented development in a city. David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ The need for comprehensive planning
If a municipality is developing a mass transit line with the intention of reurbanizing an area, the mass transit line is most likely to be effective if it is grounded in a well-‐ considered development plan for the city. Sometimes a comprehensive plan alone can have an impact on the location of developer investments even if it is not particularly enforced with changes in zoning.
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ The need for comprehensive planning
Such a plan may signal to developers that the municipality is likely to encourage development in a certain area, and hence where developers are likely to encounter a generally more favorable regulatory and fiscal environment. If a comprehensive plan is enforced with zoning changes and implemented in a coordinated manner across multiple municipal agencies and other municipalities in the region, it will be even more effective.
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ The need for comprehensive planning ʹ from theory to reality
Peter Calthorpe: The Next American Metropolis 1993
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ The need for comprehensive planning ʹ from theory to reality
Peter Calthorpe: The Next American Metropolis 1993
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ The need for comprehensive planning ʹ from theory to reality Portland Oregon: Land Use, Transportation, Air Quality Connection (LUTRAQ)
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ The need for comprehensive planning ʹ from theory to reality
Sacramento County General Plan Update
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ The need for comprehensive planning
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ The need for comprehensive planning
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ The need for comprehensive planning
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ The need for comprehensive planning -‐ Cleveland HealthLine (USA) an economic multiplier The project leveraged $5.8 billion in transit-‐oriented development
The project generated $114.54 in economic development for every dollar spent on the bus corridor.
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ The need for comprehensive planning ʹ economic multipliers
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ The need for comprehensive planning ʹ economic multipliers The analysis revealed no case in which one mode of transit Ͷ BRT, LRT, or streetcar Ͷ was more instrumental in stimulating development than another. In fact, under comparable conditions (similar land potential, similar levels of government TOD support), the type of the transit investment did not make any difference in the level of TOD impact.
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ TOD Standards ʹ Eight Principles Eight Principles of Urban Development for Transport in Urban Life Develop neighbourhoods that promote walking [WALK] Prioritise non-‐motorised transport networks [CYCLE] Create dense networks of streets and paths [CONNECT] Locate development near high ʹ quality public transport [TRANSIT]
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ TOD Standards ʹ Eight Principles Eight Principles of Urban Development for Transport in Urban Life Plan for mixed use [MIX] Optimise density and transit capacity [DENSIFY] Create regions with short commutes [COMPACT] Increase mobility by regulating parking and road use [SHIFT]
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ TOD Standards ʹ Principles, Objectives and Metrics
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ TOD Standards ʹ Principles, Objectives and Metrics TOD Metrics ITDP have developed have developed a standard scoring system which distributes 100 points across 21 metrics The allocation of these points approximately reflects the level of impact of each metric in creating a transit oriented development The scoring system provides a method to quantitatively measure the extent to which a given project leverages land use and design to support the use of transit, cycling and walking to minimise car use
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ TOD Metrics
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ TOD Metrics
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ TOD Standards
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ TOD Standards
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ TOD Metrics
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ TOD Metrics
David Lock Associates / ITP
ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ dK ͛Ɛ ʹ TOD Metrics
David Lock Associates / ITP
CASE STUDIES
Global ʹ Regional Spatial Planning
David Lock Associates / ITP
Global ʹ Regional Spatial Planning
David Lock Associates / ITP
Wuhan Masterplan, China
Conceptual master plan for a spectacular site characterised by lush mountains and huge lakes
A plan that integrates land use planning and transport
Part of a high tech development area ʹ one of only two designated by the government
Area covers more than 800 sq km
Will provide development land for more than 2 million people
Will provide a wide range of industrial and service businesses over the next 30 years
Fundamental to the development was an Integrated Transport Plan
David Lock Associates / ITP
David Lock Associates / ITP
David Lock Associates / ITP
Guiyang Masterplan, China
278 ha master plan Aims to establish an important eco leisure and tourism destination anchored by a central business district with low carbon eco neighbourhoods Served by Bus Rapid Transport and other sustainable transport modes Target population 450,000 residents
David Lock Associates / ITP
David Lock Associates / ITP
David Lock Associates / ITP
David Lock Associates / ITP
David Lock Associates / ITP
Growth Area Planning ʹ Melbourne North Growth Corridor
WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ DĞůďŽƵƌŶĞ͛Ɛ Northern expansion ʹ Lockerbie Development
Connecting Growth Areas
Focusing new growth around transit corridors
New centres of activity focused around train stations
Providing a Vision for Northern Melbourne
David Lock Associates / ITP
Perth Growth Corridor ʹ Alkimos Eglinton District and Local Structure Plans
District and Local Structure Plans for a coastal site experiencing exponential population growth
The Plans guide the development of a community that promotes carbon-‐neutral living
David Lock Associates / ITP
Alkimos Eglinton ʹ Local Structure Plan
David Lock Associates / ITP
Transit Oriented Development -‐ Eglinton District Centre
Transit Oriented Development with a wide range of District Centre land uses Focused on creating distinctive public places along the main street
David Lock Associates / ITP
Transit Oriented Development -‐ Eglinton District Centre
David Lock Associates / ITP
Transit Oriented Development ʹ Reading Station Hill
TOD can result in significant changes to the city form and spaces 132,000 sqm new floorspace Office, apartments, ground floor retail, f & b, restaurants, outlets, MRT stop Buildings up to 33 storeys David Lock Associates / ITP
Transit Oriented Development ʹ Reading Station Hill
David Lock Associates / ITP
Transit Oriented Development ʹ Reading Station Hill
David Lock Associates / ITP
Brisbane South East Busway -‐ Connecting major land uses
Planning regulation related to higher densities around stations and encouraging high activity based land uses at stations
David Lock Associates / ITP
Brisbane South East Busway -‐ Connecting major land uses
Mater Hill Hospital
David Lock Associates / ITP
Cleaveland HealthLine (USA) The project leveraged $5.8 billion in transit-‐oriented development
The project generated $114.54 in economic development for every dollar spent on the bus corridor.
David Lock Associates / ITP
David Lock Associates / ITP
HCMC Green Transport Development Project (BRT) -‐ Project name: HCMC Green Transport Development Project -‐ h /͛Ɛ ƌŽůĞ͗ Project Owner and Project management -‐ Place of Project: Vo Van Kiet ʹ Mai Chi Tho Highway Corridor (VVK_MCTH) of Ho Chi Minh city + Start of route: An Lac Turnaround + End of route: Cat Lai ʹ HaNoi Interchange -‐ Total length: 23.5 km -‐ Total project cost: approximately 156 million USD -‐ The Donor: World Bank -‐ Current Status: Feasibility Study, Procurement of Detail Design. David Lock Associates / ITP
BRT Route
ϰ ͚ƚLJƉŝĐĂů͛ ƐƚĂƚŝŽŶƐ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ĨŽƌ investigation
David Lock Associates / ITP
Vo Van Kiet Blvd
David Lock Associates / ITP
Inhospitable Pedestrian Environment
David Lock Associates / ITP
Inhospitable Pedestrian Environment
David Lock Associates / ITP
Alongside an Underutilised Canal
David Lock Associates / ITP
Significant Development Projects Already Underway
David Lock Associates / ITP
Eclectic Built Form
David Lock Associates / ITP
Active Streetscapes
David Lock Associates / ITP
Cholon Station Site Analysis
David Lock Associates / ITP
Two Day Workshop
David Lock Associates / ITP
Stakeholders Provided Insight Into:
Land Use Potential; Built Form Potential; Movement Potential; Open Space Potential; Environmental Potential; Community Development Potential; and Economic Development Potential.
David Lock Associates / ITP
Outcomes for Stakeholders
A developed awareness of environmental, urban design and planning issues associated with the development and delivery of HCMC BRT. ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ Zd͛Ɛ ƌĞůĂƚŝŽŶƐŚŝƉ ƚŽ ŐŽŽĚ urban outcomes, environmental enhancement and transport and land use planning. An understanding of the stakeholders role in delivering a high quality BRT in Ho Chi Minh City
David Lock Associates / ITP
Outcomes for the Study Team
To understand at a local and corridor wide level the potential for change around BRT stations with respect to Land Use, Built Form, Movement, Open Space, Environment, Community and Economics. To understand in some detail what level of change is desired and achievable. To steer future design of the BRT corridor and set a context for further BRT development in the city.
David Lock Associates / ITP
Objectives
To encourage patronage, ensure that the identity/branding and design of the proposed BRT Stations are well defined, distinctive, visible and easily recognisable by users
David Lock Associates / ITP
Objectives
To establish high quality pedestrian connectivity
David Lock Associates / ITP
Objectives
To encourage a mix of housing [apartments and houses] office spaces, commercial, retail and services [medium to high quality]
David Lock Associates / ITP
Objectives
To encourage uses which promote local level activity and community interaction
David Lock Associates / ITP
Objectives
To be responsive to the local vernacular of each station precinct
David Lock Associates / ITP
Objectives
To establish a network of high quality, safe, attractive and comfortable public spaces and places
David Lock Associates / ITP
Objectives
To better integrate with the water
David Lock Associates / ITP
An Lac Station Framework Plan
David Lock Associates / ITP
Cholon Station Framework Plan
David Lock Associates / ITP
Strategies
ĞǀŝƐĞ Ă ͚ƐƚĂƚŝŽŶ ďůƵĞƉƌŝŶƚ͕͛ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĂƚ Ă ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶĐLJ ŽĨ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ services/amenity are provided at each station and/or in the immediate station surrounds; Identify a hierarchy of pedestrian connectivity routes within defined precincts around the stations; Devise a strategy which enables the improvement of amenity/widening of footpaths;
David Lock Associates / ITP
Strategies
Devise a precinct based design code to guide the built form of proposed development; Establish a rigorous plan for community engagement; and Explore opportunities to encourage the use of recreational water craft [such as kayaking] and boating competitions.
David Lock Associates / ITP
Lessons
Lesson 1: Ownership of stakeholders is key to success Lesson 2: International best practice must meet local conditions and have the full support of local residents Lesson 3: Use a systematic and integrated approach
David Lock Associates / ITP
Value and Benefits to the City
Benefit 1: New approach and methodology for project management Benefit 2: Developing and applying objectives, strategies and guidelines to the HCMC BRT project Benefit 3: A systematic and integrated approach to the Human Oriented and Sustainable Development
David Lock Associates / ITP
Why Pursue Transit Oriented Development?
Increase Economic Vitality Create Community Reduce Environmental Impacts Mitigate Climate Change through Low Carbon Travel Reduce Reliance and Use of Private Car Increase Health and Well Being of All People
David Lock Associates / ITP
OUR EXPERIENCE
THANK YOU DAVID LOCK ASSOCIATES Level 2 / 166 Albert Road South Melbourne Victoria 3205
t: +61 3 9682 8568 info@dlaaust.com www.dlaaust.com
ITP 50 North Thirteenth St Milton Keynes MK93BP
t: 01908 259 718 f: 01908 605 747 www.itpworld.net