ASSESSMENT OF BODY MASS INDEXOF CHILDREN IN TRIBAL DOMINATED AREA OF BARKAGAON, HAZARIBAG, JHARKHAND

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ASSESSMENT OF BODY MASS INDEXOF CHILDREN IN TRIBAL DOMINATED AREA OF BARKAGAON, HAZARIBAG, JHARKHAND, INDIA Rajendra Kumar, K.K.Gupta, Bipinkumar* and D.N. Sadhu P.G. Department of Zoology & P. G. Department of Geology* VinobaBhave University, Hazaribag - 825319 Jharkhand, India.

Email: rajendra.hzb2@gmail.com , kishore_gupta30@yahoo.comand dr.d.n.sadhu@gmail.com

successful implementation of right to food security

Abstract The present study was carried out to determine

act of India.

Body Mass Index(BMI) of 202children (06-14 years age)of Primary School, Gandhoniya and Upgraded Middle School, Potanga, Barkagaon (230

Key words: BMI; School children; Malnutrition; Potable water; Barkagaon

52′5′′N latitude and 850 14′ 15′′ E longitude), Hazaribag,

Jharkhand,

India.The

study

was

conducted between August 2013 to July2015.

Ascientific

questionnaire

was

developed

to

correlate the data containing food habits, access to potable

water,

life

style,

medical

history

andeducational level of parents and children of the study area with the BMI. Theresultshowed that most of the children were under weight (<18.5kg, WHO, 2004)due tomalnutrition.Therefore, it is suggested to plan door to door visit forextensive surveyof the area in light of the above factors to draw a meaningful conclusion and necessary steps to be taken for mitigating the problemthrough

Introduction: Nutrition is of fundamental importance to life and plays an important role in the growth and all round development, which is also an important indicator of the state of health (Dar and Rather, 2014).

Children are in a continuous phase of growth and development requiring proper supply of nutrients like protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins and also potable water to keep pace with theincreased metabolic demand of the body. If nutritional inadequacy is continued for a long period of time it causes low weight, small height and low I.Q. (Bhavsaret al., 2012; Kumar and Sadhu, 2015). India is the largest democratic

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International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017 country in the world having second largest

Barkagaon block is situated at 230 52′ 5′′ N latitude

population and third largest economy in the term of

and 850 14′ 15′′ E longitude. Children of two tribal

purchasing power (PPP), is home to almost one

dominated

third of the world’s total malnourished children are

Gandhoniya and Upgraded Middle School, Potanga

residing in India (Shahnawaz and Singh, 2014).

under Potangapanchyat of Hazaribag, Jharkhand

This malnutrition is due to socio economic

have been selected for study, having an average

condition of people inhabiting in any areas.

rain fall of 1485 mm/year and altitude of above 600

Malnutrition of pre-school children (0-

meters

schools

from

namely

mean

sea

Primary

level.

The

School,

district

6yrs) is one of the most serious health problems in

headquarter is about 65km away from study area

developing countries including India (Badamiet al.,

which is connected by SH- 07 with NH- 33. The

2014). It retards skeletal and cardiac muscle

area is rich in mineral deposits mainly the coal and

formation causing chest infection and cardiac

is also surrounded by moderate to dense forest

failure more common (Nightingale et al., 1996).

traversed by many natural streams. Topography of

Every year more than 6,000 children below five

the area is undulating (fig-1).

yearsdie

Material and Method:-

in

India

(Rajaretamet

al.,

2013).

Malnutrition is not only a risk factor for neonatal

The study area was selected by stratified sampling

death, but also a cause for disability, mental

technique

retardation, poor health, blindness and premature

schoolchildren of both sexes of age between 06-16

death. There are two types of malnutrition, protein

years of two sample schools were selected for the

energy malnutrition (PEM) and micro nutriments

study during the period of August 2013 to July

deficiency(MND). The causes of malnutrition are

2015. The investigation carried out to determine

varied in nature such as poverty, hunger, lack of

food habit, access to potable water, life style,

education, socio-economic status, use of unsafe

medical history, educational level of parents and

drinking water containing fluoride(Kumar and

children by personal interview of the child on the

Sadhu,2013 and 2015), lack of proper health care

basis of model questionnaire having multiple

and also inadequate as well as inappropriate food

choices. An anthrometric method were used to

habit.In Jharkhand, very little study has been done

measure height, weight of each child and also noted

on the occurrence of malnutrition of school going

nutritional status. The body mass index (BMI) was

children in tribal belt. In view of the above, the

calculated as the weight in kg/height in meter2.

present study has been carried out to evaluate the

Result and Discussion: -

extent of malnutrition and its impact on health

The sample size was taken for 202 students of two

amongchildren (06-14 yrs) in some of the tribal

schools (table-1). The result of Body Mass Index

dominated pockets of Barkagaon, Hazaribag,

(BMI) was compared with the International

Jharkhand, India.

Classification of adult underweight, overweight and

About study area:

obesity according to BMI (WHO, 2004). It is commonly

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after

used

Bahaa,

to

2002.

identify

the

Total

degree

202

of

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International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017 nourishment of person and can be calculated as the

The above results showed that the children of both

weight in kilogram divided by the square of the

sexes were showing almost similar type of results.

2

height in meter (kg/m ). The World Health

Inhigher age 14-16 yrs of male and femalechildren

Organisation (2004) has simply classified BMI into

were requiring higher nutritional intake which is

Underweight ≥18.5kg/m , Normal range ꞊ 18.6 to

being compensated

2

with the available food

and Overweight≤25 kg/m . The

resources in the locality as they are conscious about

anthropometry result suggested that out of 202

their health and nutrition. These results indicated

children 86% were fallen into severe to severely

that about 35%female and 9.53% male children

underweight (≥18.5kg/m ) and rest found to be

between 12-14yrs proceeded towards normal

2

24.99 kg/m

2

2

2

mild to normal category (>18.6 to24.99kg/m )

weight, table 1 &2.

(tables- 1 &2). If we compare the result on the

The data showed that 75% of guardians were

basis sex ratio, out of 202, in 106 female children,

illiterate while 94% were economically backward

79% were under weight, 20% normal and 1% over

and majority of them holding BPL cards so, above

weight shown in table-1. If we further compare the

results and these factors clearly indicated that

data on the basis of age groups among female

malnutrition in the study area(table-3).

children between 06-08yrs, 08-10yrs and 10-12yrs

The high rate of malnutrition can be attributed to

of total 27, 12 and 15 children respectively, all

village area of the children sampled where low

were fallen into underweight. Age between 12-14

economic status, illiteracy, poor health facilities

yrs out of 44 children,63.63% underweight and

exist (Bhavsaret al.,2012). Sukanyaet al., 2014 also

13.10%

were

reported that increasing prevalence of malnutrition

overweight. Age between 14-16 yrs, it was noted

with increasing age. The above results also showed

that 12.5% were underweight where as 87.15%

same in nature. Therefore, the present paper leads

were recorded normal.

to be concluded that majority of the children were

Parallely, out of 202, 96 male children of the study

suffering from various degree of BMI. So, proper

area showed that 94% children were underweight

nutrition awareness programme should be planned

while 6% normal. If we compare the results in

in the study area and supplementary nutritional diet

different age groups of male children, it was noted

should be provided by government or NGOs to

that age between 06-08yrs out of 32 children

save the children in general and tribal in a

96.87% were underweight and remaining 3.3%

particular.

were normal. In between 08-10 yrs age out of 16

Suggestions:

were

normal

while

20.27%

childrenwere all underweight. In age between 10-



For proper growth of children of the study

12 yrs out of 25 children 96% were underweight

area should be monitored regularly after

and remaining was normal. In age between 12-14

organising camp in every three month,

yrs out of 21 children 90.47% were underweight

required medicine and nutritional kit,

while 9.53% were normal. Among 14-16yrs age of

vitamins etc. Should be provided in the

all children were normal.

camp.

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International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017 

 

Regular and mass campaign through

sessment of drinking water quality in

the area with proper monitoring.

tribal dominated villages of Barkagaon,

BPL families should be properly trained

Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India, European

for their status of nutritional health.

Scientific Journal, edition vol. 9 no.35

Govt.financial assistance and subsidy

ISSN: 1857-7881(priw)e- ISSN 1857-

should

7431 pp. 331-338.

be

utilised

properly

by 4.

of fluoride on teeth and Intelligence of

facilities received from govt. agencies to

Tribal Children in Barkagaon, Hazaribag,

be utilised properly.

Jharkhand, India, International Journal of

Potable water quality assessment and

Aquatic Science and technology, Vol-3(1),

guidance should be extended by the govt.

April 2015, ISSN: 2320-6772, pp. 6-16.

5.

detecting malnutrition on medical wards;

drinking water is available.

Journal of The Royal Society of Medicine,

Through digital India monitoring progress

Vol.89 March 1996.pp. 144-148 6.

Rajaretnam,T.

And

Gupta,

Silpi:

implementation of right to food security

Magnitude and Causes of Malnutrition in

act of India.

Jharkhand, Indai, A Study in Hazaribag and Khuti District. Mumbai: Tata Institute

References BhavsarSaiprasad, Hemant Mahajan and

of

Kulkarni

2013,www.planindia.org 1857.

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Maternal

and

Environmental Factors Affecting

2.

Nightingle, JMD: Three simple method of

individual of the area to insure that quality

should be done regulalary for successful

1.

Kumar R. and Sadhu D.N.,(2015): Impact

should function properly to look after the

and block level to each and every



Kumar R. and Sadhu D.N.,(2013):As-

Anganwari, NGOs etc should be done in

MahilaMandal of each and every village



3.

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7.

Social

Sciences,

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Comprision between body mass index, triceps skin fold thickness and mid-arm

8.

Shahnawaz

and

Singh

JatinderBir:

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Nutritinal status among the children living

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Study;

Epidemiology

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International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017 Biostatistics and Public Health vol.11

9.

No.2, 2014, pp. e8893-1 to 7.

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Fig-1: Showing the location of the Study Area (230 52′ 5′′ N latitude and 850 14′ 15′′ E longitude) (Not to scale)

Table-1 Showing BMI of Female Children Age

No. of

Mean

group

female

±SD BMI

BMI Under

children

%

Normal

%

Over

weight

%

weight

06-08

27

13.14

27

100

-

-

-

-

08-10

12

14.68

12

100

-

-

-

-

10-12

15

14.75

15

100

-

-

-

-

12-14

44

16.57

28

63.63

15

34.10

01

2.27

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International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017 14-16

8

19.49

Total

106

-

01

12.50

07

87.50

-

-

Table-2 Showing BMI of Male Children Age

No. of

Mean

group

male

±SD BMI

BMI Under

children

%

Normal

%

Over

weight

%

weight

06-08

32

13.58

31

96.87

01

3.13

-

-

08-10

16

14.76

16

100

-

-

-

-

10-12

25

14.98

24

96

01

4

-

-

12-14

21

16.31

19

90.47

02

9.53

-

-

14-16

02

17.95

-

-

02

100

-

-

Total

96

-

Fig.-2: Showing the category of BMI in Male Children

14-16 yrs

12-14 yrs Over weight 10-12yrs

Normal Under weight

08-10 yrs

06-08 yrs 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Fig.-3: Showing the category of BMI in Female Children

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International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017 14-16 yrs 12-14 yrs Over weight 10-12yrs

Normal

08-10 yrs

Under weight

06-08 yrs 0

20

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40

60

80

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100

120

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