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International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017
ASSESSMENT OF BODY MASS INDEXOF CHILDREN IN TRIBAL DOMINATED AREA OF BARKAGAON, HAZARIBAG, JHARKHAND, INDIA Rajendra Kumar, K.K.Gupta, Bipinkumar* and D.N. Sadhu P.G. Department of Zoology & P. G. Department of Geology* VinobaBhave University, Hazaribag - 825319 Jharkhand, India. Email: rajendra.hzb2@gmail.com , kishore_gupta30@yahoo.comand dr.d.n.sadhu@gmail.com
successful implementation of right to food security
Abstract The present study was carried out to determine
act of India.
Body Mass Index(BMI) of 202children (06-14 years age)of Primary School, Gandhoniya and Upgraded Middle School, Potanga, Barkagaon (230
Key words: BMI; School children; Malnutrition; Potable water; Barkagaon
52′5′′N latitude and 850 14′ 15′′ E longitude), Hazaribag,
Jharkhand,
India.The
study
was
conducted between August 2013 to July2015. Ascientific
questionnaire
was
developed
to
correlate the data containing food habits, access to potable
water,
life
style,
medical
history
andeducational level of parents and children of the study area with the BMI. Theresultshowed that most of the children were under weight (<18.5kg, WHO, 2004)due tomalnutrition.Therefore, it is suggested to plan door to door visit forextensive surveyof the area in light of the above factors to draw a meaningful conclusion and necessary steps to be taken for mitigating the problemthrough
Introduction: Nutrition is of fundamental importance to life and plays an important role in the growth and all round development, which is also an important indicator of the state of health (Dar and Rather, 2014). Children are in a continuous phase of growth and development requiring proper supply of nutrients like protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins and also potable water to keep pace with theincreased metabolic demand of the body. If nutritional inadequacy is continued for a long period of time it causes low weight, small height and low I.Q. (Bhavsaret al., 2012; Kumar and Sadhu, 2015). India is the largest democratic
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International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017 country in the world having second largest
Barkagaon block is situated at 230 52′ 5′′ N latitude
population and third largest economy in the term of
and 850 14′ 15′′ E longitude. Children of two tribal
purchasing power (PPP), is home to almost one
dominated
third of the world’s total malnourished children are
Gandhoniya and Upgraded Middle School, Potanga
residing in India (Shahnawaz and Singh, 2014).
under Potangapanchyat of Hazaribag, Jharkhand
This malnutrition is due to socio economic
have been selected for study, having an average
condition of people inhabiting in any areas.
rain fall of 1485 mm/year and altitude of above 600
Malnutrition of pre-school children (0-
meters
schools
from
namely
mean
sea
Primary
level.
The
School,
district
6yrs) is one of the most serious health problems in
headquarter is about 65km away from study area
developing countries including India (Badamiet al.,
which is connected by SH- 07 with NH- 33. The
2014). It retards skeletal and cardiac muscle
area is rich in mineral deposits mainly the coal and
formation causing chest infection and cardiac
is also surrounded by moderate to dense forest
failure more common (Nightingale et al., 1996).
traversed by many natural streams. Topography of
Every year more than 6,000 children below five
the area is undulating (fig-1).
yearsdie
Material and Method:-
in
India
(Rajaretamet
al.,
2013).
Malnutrition is not only a risk factor for neonatal
The study area was selected by stratified sampling
death, but also a cause for disability, mental
technique
retardation, poor health, blindness and premature
schoolchildren of both sexes of age between 06-16
death. There are two types of malnutrition, protein
years of two sample schools were selected for the
energy malnutrition (PEM) and micro nutriments
study during the period of August 2013 to July
deficiency(MND). The causes of malnutrition are
2015. The investigation carried out to determine
varied in nature such as poverty, hunger, lack of
food habit, access to potable water, life style,
education, socio-economic status, use of unsafe
medical history, educational level of parents and
drinking water containing fluoride(Kumar and
children by personal interview of the child on the
Sadhu,2013 and 2015), lack of proper health care
basis of model questionnaire having multiple
and also inadequate as well as inappropriate food
choices. An anthrometric method were used to
habit.In Jharkhand, very little study has been done
measure height, weight of each child and also noted
on the occurrence of malnutrition of school going
nutritional status. The body mass index (BMI) was
children in tribal belt. In view of the above, the
calculated as the weight in kg/height in meter2.
present study has been carried out to evaluate the
Result and Discussion: -
extent of malnutrition and its impact on health
The sample size was taken for 202 students of two
amongchildren (06-14 yrs) in some of the tribal
schools (table-1). The result of Body Mass Index
dominated pockets of Barkagaon, Hazaribag,
(BMI) was compared with the International
Jharkhand, India.
Classification of adult underweight, overweight and
About study area:
obesity according to BMI (WHO, 2004). It is commonly
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after
used
Bahaa,
to
2002.
identify
the
Total
degree
202
of
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Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017 nourishment of person and can be calculated as the
The above results showed that the children of both
weight in kilogram divided by the square of the
sexes were showing almost similar type of results.
2
height in meter (kg/m ). The World Health
Inhigher age 14-16 yrs of male and femalechildren
Organisation (2004) has simply classified BMI into
were requiring higher nutritional intake which is
Underweight ≥18.5kg/m , Normal range ꞊ 18.6 to
being compensated
2
with the available food
and Overweight≤25 kg/m . The
resources in the locality as they are conscious about
anthropometry result suggested that out of 202
their health and nutrition. These results indicated
children 86% were fallen into severe to severely
that about 35%female and 9.53% male children
underweight (≥18.5kg/m ) and rest found to be
between 12-14yrs proceeded towards normal
2
24.99 kg/m
2
2
2
mild to normal category (>18.6 to24.99kg/m )
weight, table 1 &2.
(tables- 1 &2). If we compare the result on the
The data showed that 75% of guardians were
basis sex ratio, out of 202, in 106 female children,
illiterate while 94% were economically backward
79% were under weight, 20% normal and 1% over
and majority of them holding BPL cards so, above
weight shown in table-1. If we further compare the
results and these factors clearly indicated that
data on the basis of age groups among female
malnutrition in the study area(table-3).
children between 06-08yrs, 08-10yrs and 10-12yrs
The high rate of malnutrition can be attributed to
of total 27, 12 and 15 children respectively, all
village area of the children sampled where low
were fallen into underweight. Age between 12-14
economic status, illiteracy, poor health facilities
yrs out of 44 children,63.63% underweight and
exist (Bhavsaret al.,2012). Sukanyaet al., 2014 also
13.10%
were
reported that increasing prevalence of malnutrition
overweight. Age between 14-16 yrs, it was noted
with increasing age. The above results also showed
that 12.5% were underweight where as 87.15%
same in nature. Therefore, the present paper leads
were recorded normal.
to be concluded that majority of the children were
Parallely, out of 202, 96 male children of the study
suffering from various degree of BMI. So, proper
area showed that 94% children were underweight
nutrition awareness programme should be planned
while 6% normal. If we compare the results in
in the study area and supplementary nutritional diet
different age groups of male children, it was noted
should be provided by government or NGOs to
that age between 06-08yrs out of 32 children
save the children in general and tribal in a
96.87% were underweight and remaining 3.3%
particular.
were normal. In between 08-10 yrs age out of 16
Suggestions:
were
normal
while
20.27%
childrenwere all underweight. In age between 10-
For proper growth of children of the study
12 yrs out of 25 children 96% were underweight
area should be monitored regularly after
and remaining was normal. In age between 12-14
organising camp in every three month,
yrs out of 21 children 90.47% were underweight
required medicine and nutritional kit,
while 9.53% were normal. Among 14-16yrs age of
vitamins etc. Should be provided in the
all children were normal.
camp.
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International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017
Regular and mass campaign through
sessment of drinking water quality in
the area with proper monitoring.
tribal dominated villages of Barkagaon,
BPL families should be properly trained
Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India, European
for their status of nutritional health.
Scientific Journal, edition vol. 9 no.35
Govt.financial assistance and subsidy
ISSN: 1857-7881(priw)e- ISSN 1857-
should
7431 pp. 331-338.
be
utilised
properly
by 4.
of fluoride on teeth and Intelligence of
facilities received from govt. agencies to
Tribal Children in Barkagaon, Hazaribag,
be utilised properly.
Jharkhand, India, International Journal of
Potable water quality assessment and
Aquatic Science and technology, Vol-3(1),
guidance should be extended by the govt.
April 2015, ISSN: 2320-6772, pp. 6-16. 5.
detecting malnutrition on medical wards;
drinking water is available.
Journal of The Royal Society of Medicine,
Through digital India monitoring progress
Vol.89 March 1996.pp. 144-148 6.
Rajaretnam,T.
And
Gupta,
Silpi:
implementation of right to food security
Magnitude and Causes of Malnutrition in
act of India.
Jharkhand, Indai, A Study in Hazaribag and Khuti District. Mumbai: Tata Institute
References BhavsarSaiprasad, Hemant Mahajan and
of
Kulkarni
2013,www.planindia.org 1857.
Rajan:
Maternal
and
Environmental Factors Affecting
2.
Nightingle, JMD: Three simple method of
individual of the area to insure that quality
should be done regulalary for successful
1.
Kumar R. and Sadhu D.N.,(2015): Impact
should function properly to look after the
and block level to each and every
Kumar R. and Sadhu D.N.,(2013):As-
Anganwari, NGOs etc should be done in
MahilaMandal of each and every village
3.
the
7.
Social
Sciences,
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Comprision between body mass index, triceps skin fold thickness and mid-arm
8.
Shahnawaz
and
Singh
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Study;
Epidemiology
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Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017 Biostatistics and Public Health vol.11
9.
No.2, 2014, pp. e8893-1 to 7.
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Fig-1: Showing the location of the Study Area (230 52′ 5′′ N latitude and 850 14′ 15′′ E longitude) (Not to scale)
Table-1 Showing BMI of Female Children Age
No. of
Mean
group
female
±SD BMI
BMI Under
children
%
Normal
%
Over
weight
%
weight
06-08
27
13.14
27
100
-
-
-
-
08-10
12
14.68
12
100
-
-
-
-
10-12
15
14.75
15
100
-
-
-
-
12-14
44
16.57
28
63.63
15
34.10
01
2.27
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International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017 14-16
8
19.49
Total
106
-
01
12.50
07
87.50
-
-
Table-2 Showing BMI of Male Children Age
No. of
Mean
group
male
±SD BMI
BMI Under
children
%
Normal
%
Over
weight
%
weight
06-08
32
13.58
31
96.87
01
3.13
-
-
08-10
16
14.76
16
100
-
-
-
-
10-12
25
14.98
24
96
01
4
-
-
12-14
21
16.31
19
90.47
02
9.53
-
-
14-16
02
17.95
-
-
02
100
-
-
Total
96
-
Fig.-2: Showing the category of BMI in Male Children
14-16 yrs
12-14 yrs Over weight 10-12yrs
Normal Under weight
08-10 yrs
06-08 yrs 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Fig.-3: Showing the category of BMI in Female Children
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International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017 14-16 yrs 12-14 yrs Over weight 10-12yrs
Normal
08-10 yrs
Under weight
06-08 yrs 0
20
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40
60
80
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100
120
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