Blackboard Cleaning Aid by dbpublications

IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, Mar 2017

Available at: www.dbpublications.org

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017

Blackboard Cleaning Aid Deshant M S 1, Faizan Jameel2, Dipendra Sah3, Dheeraj J Ferrao4 UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NMIT Bangalore, Karnataka, India 1, 2, 3, 4 Bangalore, Indi

Abstract: This project is about finding a real time solution for the problems caused by the chalk pieces used in the class room. To overcome the problems that are faced daily by the students and faculty, the project entitled „BLACKBOARD CLEANING AID‟ has been suggested to automatically erase the blackboard. It is seen that while cleaning the board, faculty and students often have to cover their mouth with one hand while cleaning the blackboard. So we decided to implement our course study and some extra knowledge and with the help of electrical and mechanical concept our project came into picture. The project can clean the blackboard automatically and reduces the time consumed by in hand erasing. As the name suggests our project basically works on combined principles of mechanical and brief knowledge of electronics. The instrument moves forward and backward erasing the board and collecting the dust automatically from the erasing material due to the rotation of the roller. This project is implemented to make human work easier and can reduce the use of human power because of its potential applications. Thus the device avoids the dust flow in the environment and thereby providing good solution for the problems faced by the student, faculty and other electronic equipments that are used inside the class room in a cost effective and time efficient way. Key Terms— Rack and pinion, Black board cleaning aid, Black board cleaner, black board, Automatic blackboard

1. INTRODUCTION Nowadays many schools and colleges have different methods of cleaning writing boards, but these methods are injurious to many staff and students in the form of skin allergy ,skin

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cancer, dust allergy etc.,. The design and usage of a remote control to motorized the white board cleaner. These researches consist of four modules the remote control and transmitter module, the receiver module, pulse generator/ control module and the cleaner module. The remote control unit is used to control the speed and direction of the cleaner. The system is more efficient and flexible. By using a simple circuit than a micro controller circuit, we are able to make the operation a little less complex and a more efficient. The main aim of our project is to save time and energy. In earlier days writing was done by sand, slate, walls, and chalkboards. It‟s highly impossible to spend our time always in cleaning of the white board and absorbing dust. Instead of this, we can control the D.C motor so that the black board can be cleaned. This indeed saves valuable time. We can do by sequential coordination and by the use of forward or reverse switch control. It is highly useful, as it possess various advantages. The conventional black board is still largely in use in many sectors. In the most recent times, processors have found great applications in the field of electronics engineering and automation. Dust collection is a major problem with Chalk boards, and this is a problem essential to be rectified because of the various health hazards it brings with it. The best way to do this would be a vacuum collection system within the cleaner itself. This helps trap the dust within the dust collection system itself as well as not make the prototype unnecessarily bulky. An automatic blackboard duster is a device that is generally used to clean board automatically with the help of duster. By the use of this automatic blackboard duster we can save time and energy. It is a new technology that is generally used now a day. A device for automatically erasing a

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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, Mar 2017

Available at: www.dbpublications.org

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 blackboard wherein a duster is mounted for longitudinal movement on the blackboard and has a motor mounted thereon that is mechanically interconnected to a drive assembly for producing the movement of the duster in an erasing operation. This appertains to new and useful improvements and more particularly to an apparatus whereby blackboards can be cleaned in an easy and convenient manner. The principal object of the present automatic blackboard duster is to provide an attachment for blackboards in the form of a power driven erasing apparatus which can be set in operation by the throw of a switch, thus eliminating the drudgery of manually cleaning blackboards. Another important object of the invention is to provide an automatic apparatus of the character described, which is positive-acting in operation, and wherein the erasing elements can be conveniently replaced and the other details of the mechanism easily repaired in the event of the development of defects. The utility model relates to teaching aid. The prior blackboard has no automatic cleaning function, a teacher wastes time in writing and erasing, and the use is not ideal. The utility model provides an automatic blackboard cleaning system consisting, an electric blackboard eraser, and a dust suppression and collection system. The automatic blackboard cleaning system and its structure is simple; the use is convenient, clean and sanitary; and the effect of saving time is good.

3. By automation of erasing mechanism, human energy can be saved.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW This section includes background and various systems for cleaning the whiteboard and blackboard. Different research papers are referred to study the different systems and different mechanisms. Tiwari Ashutosh has explained through his paper titled, “Manufacturing and Designing of an Automatic blackboard Eraser” that the system he proposed was to interface the mechanical aspects of the mechanical erasing system with micro controllers so as to enhance it into automation rather than manually, by using PIC micro controller to interface the board erasing mechanism. [1] S.Joshibaamali And K.Geetha Priya has explained that the machine can operate in three selectable operatable modes. In the first mode, it cleans the left side of the board.

1.1 PROBLEMS WITH CONVENTIONAL CHALKBOARD  The time consumed in hand erasing is more.  The problem of dust in hand erasing affect the human being and creates a hazardous environment for both teacher and student.  Hand erasing requires human power thus wastage of human energy.

1.2 SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM 1. In this automatic blackboard duster the time required in erasing is very less as compare to hand erasing. 2. The problem of dust in automatic blackboard duster is controlled by the use of vacuum cleaner and dust suppression and collection system

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Fig. 1 Automatic duster machine with three selectable modes

In the second mode it cleans the right side of the board. In the third mode it cleans the whole area of the board. The machine uses two stepper motors to move duster in horizontal (x-axis) and vertical (y-axis) direction. To move the duster in up and down direction linear motor is used. Infrared transceiver is used to detect horizontal direction of motor. Four limit switches are used to detect the boundary of the board. A dsPIC30F401 microcontroller which was programmed in C language is used as the main controller in the machine [2].

Mr. Sunil R. Kewate, Mr Inzamam T. Mujawar, Mr. Akash D. Kewate, Mr.Hitesh R. Pant has explained in their paper that the design and principles of sliding type wipe mechanism and Copyright@IDL-2017

IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, Mar 2017

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 also carried out the implementation and experimentation for motion analysis. The paper puts forward a kind of mechanism design scheme, the mechanism can automatically detect the blackboard chalk stains, and erase the font, keep the blackboard clean. The further research work will be based on computer processing i.e. on two parts of information processing unit and motion control unit. This system consists of two motors, three guide rails, and three sliders. The construction of mechanical structure is slider 1 and slider 2 are connected by cross guide rails C and is installed on them, can be moved in parallel with the slider 3, power driven provided by two motors A, B. Motor A drives the left and right movement of cross rail beam C and motor B drives the vertical movement of slider 3 (wipe system) to rub the blackboard surface for cleaning by moving the wipe system along the rail C together. The sensor is fitted at right most of the blackboard to sense the right end position and signal passed to return the wipe system along the rail C in original position [3].

Fig. 3 Rack-pinion with steering mechanism.

3. OBJECTIVES There are two main objectives of doing this project. ď&#x201A;ˇ First objective is to design a low cost and user friendly whiteboard or blackboard cleaner machine which can erase the board with a single key pressed. ď&#x201A;ˇ Second objective is to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the movement of duster. The purpose is to make the movement of this machine accurate even if it has been used multiple times. Another important purpose is to make the machine work faster and smoothly.

Fig. 2 Blackboard erasing mechanism

S.nithyananth, A.Jagatheesh, K.Madan, B.Nirmalkumar has explained about rack and pinion mechanism with the application of steering mechanism. This mechanism is used in automobiles to convert the rotation of steering wheels from left to right or right to left. A rack and pinion is generally used to convert the rotational motion into linear motion. Pinion engages teeth on rack. In the steering mechanism the author is trying to tell that the rotational motion applied to pinion will cause rack to slide upto the limit of its travel [4][5].

4. PROBLEM STATEMENT To Design and develop a black board cleaning system which can overcome the problems related to wastage of time while erasing the board, chalk dust, and discomfort for the teacher.

5. METHODOLOGY System uses the rack and pinion mechanism for cleaning the blackboard with the help of the synchronous motors. Synchronous motors will run the pinions linearly on the rack carrying the connecting strip with duster attached to it by bearing arrangement. A simple on/off switch and limit switch are also going to play minor role in this system for stopping the pinion and rotating one gear clockwise and another anticlockwise. A vacuum dust collection system is also going to

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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, Mar 2017

Available at: www.dbpublications.org

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 be used to collect and trap the dust found on the board which will save energy, time and eliminate the dust from circulating in the surrounding air and creating a hazardous environment for both the teacher as well as the student. The entire system is designed to reduce the eventual error and troubleshooting problems. When the controller button is pressed the circuitget activated and starts the cleaning process. Then the motor gets activated then drive the cleaner to clean the board. When the cleaner reaches the end portion the relay switch SL No. DESCRIPTION MATERIAL gets WOODEN 1. BLACKBOARD activat PLASTIC 2. RACK & PINION ed and STANDARD it 3. DC GEARED MOTOR autom STANDARD 4. ROLLER BEARING aticall MILD STEEL 5. BALL CASTER y SPONGE MATERIAL 6. DUSTER chang es the polarity of the motors to move in the opposite direction and reverse the direction of the motor, finally it reaches the starting point of the board.

different inherent speed/torque regulation characteristics. The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by changing the voltage applied to the armature or by changing the field current. The introduction of variable resistance in the armature circuit or field circuit allowed speed control. Modern DC motors are often controlled by power electronics systems called DC drives. The introduction of DC motors to run machinery eliminated the need for local steam or internal combustion engines, and line shaft drive systems. DC motors can operate directly from rechargeable batteries, providing the motive power for the first electric vehicles. Today DC motors are still found in applications as small as toys and disk drives, or in large sizes to operate steel rolling mills and paper machines.

SPECIFICATION OF COMPONENTS

5.1 PARTS USED IN THE SYSTEM        

Blackboard Rack & pinion mechanism Motor Bearings Steel rod Duster Frame Switch

Table 1. specifiacation of components

5.1.2 RACK AND PINION

5.1.1 Motors A DC motor is a mechanically commutated electric motor powered from direct current (DC). The stator is stationary in space by definition and therefore the current in the rotor is switched by the commutator to also be stationary in space. This is how the relative angle between the stator and rotor magnetic flux is maintained near 90 degrees, which generates the maximum torque. DC motors have a rotating armature winding (winding in which a voltage is induced) but non-rotating armature magnetic field and a static field winding (winding that produce the main magnetic flux) or permanent magnet. Different connections of the field and armature winding provide IDL - International Digital Library

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Rack and pinion gears are used to convert rotation into linear motion. The flat, toothed part is the rack and the gear is the pinion. A piston coaxial to the rack provides hydraulic assistance force, and an open centered rotary valve controls the assist level. A rack and pinion gears system is composed of two gears. The normal round gear is the pinion gear and the straight or flat gear is the rack. The rack has teeth cut into it and they mesh with the teeth of the pinion gear.

5.1.2.1 Gear Types Straight teeth have the tooth axis parallel to the axis of rotation. Straight teeth that run parallel to the axis of the gear. Load movement or transfer is manual or walk-behind. Copyright@IDL-2017

IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, Mar 2017

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 Helical teeth gears provide continuous engagement along the tooth length and are often quieter and more efficient than straight tooth gears. Helical tooth gears resemble spur gears in the plane of rotation, but include teeth that are twisted along a helical path in the axial direction. Roller pinion drives use bearing supported rollers that mesh with the teeth of that rack in order to provide minimal to no backlash.

A blackboard or chalkboard is a reusable writing surface on which text or drawings are made with sticks of calcium sulphate or calcium carbonate, known, when used for this purpose, as chalk. Blackboards were originally made of smooth, thin sheets of black or dark grey slate stone. Modern versions are often green because the color is considered easier on the eyes.

Applications- Rack and pinion combinations are often used as part of a simple linear actuator, where the rotation of a shaft powered by hand or by a motor is converted to linear motion. The rack carries the full load of the actuator directly and so the driving pinion is usually small, so that the gear ratio reduces the torque required. This force, thus torque, may still be substantial and so it is common for there to be a reduction gear immediately before this by either a gear or worm gear reduction. Rack gears have a higher ratio, thus require a greater driving torque, than screw actuators. Fig. 5 3D View of Blackboard cleaning system

A blackboard can simply be a piece of board painted with matte dark paint (usually black or dark green). A more modern variation consists of a coiled sheet of plastic drawn across two parallel rollers, which can be scrolled to create additional writing space while saving what has been written. The highest grade blackboards are made of rougher version porcelain enameled steel (black, green, blue or sometimes other colors). Porcelain is very hard wearing and blackboards made of porcelain usually last 10â&#x20AC;&#x201C;20 years in intensive use. Lecture theatres may contain a number of blackboards in a grid arrangement. The lecturer then moves boards into reach for writing and then moves them out of reach, allowing a large amount of material to be shown simultaneously. The chalk marks can be easily wiped off with a damp cloth, a sponge or a special blackboard eraser consisting of a block of wood covered by a felt pad. However, chalk marks made on some types of wet blackboard can be difficult to remove. Blackboard manufacturers often advise that a new or newly resurfaced blackboard be completely covered using the side of a stick of chalk and then that chalk brushed off as normal to prepare it for use.

Fig. 4 Rack and pinion

5.1.3 BLACKBOARD IDL - International Digital Library

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 collect them in a bag.

Fig. 6 3D View of Blackboard cleaning system

5.1.4 VACUUM CLEANER Vacuum cleaner is used to absorb the chalk dust that flutters in the environment while erasing the blackboard. These dusts are collected from the eraser apparatus A conventional vacuum cleaner as shown in Fig 3.6. is actually made up of only six essential components: An intake port, which may include a variety of cleaning accessories An exhaust port  An electric motor  A fan  A porous bag  A housing that contains all the other components When the vacuum cleaner is plugged and turned on the electric current operates the motor. The motor is attached to the fan, which has angled blades. As the fan blades turn, they force air forward, toward the exhaust port. When air particles are driven forward, the density of particles (and therefore the air pressure) increases in front of the fan and decreases behind the fan. This pressure drop behind the fan is just like the pressure drop in the straw when you sip from your drink. The pressure level in the area behind the fan drops below the pressure level outside the vacuum cleaner (the ambient air pressure). This creates suction, a partial vacuum, inside the vacuum cleaner. The ambient air pushes itself into the vacuum cleaner through the intake port because the air pressure inside the vacuum cleaner is lower than the pressure outside. As long as the fan is running and the passageway through the vacuum cleaner remains open, there is a constant stream of air moving through the intake port and out the exhaust port. The key principle is friction. Based on this principle the vacuum cleaners are used to suck the dust from the eraser housing and IDL - International Digital Library

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Fig 7 Drafting of components

6. CALCULATIONS Dust suction fan speed is 1300rpm by using tachometer. Motor speed is 60rpm, Pinion diameter is 25mm V=∏DN/60 V=∏*25*10^-3*60/60 V=0.0785m/sec For 1m, time taken is 1/0.0785sec. For 3m, it is 3/0.0785 = 38.216sec. For return it takes another 38.216sec Total time taken is 76.433sec i.e. 1.27min

7. SCOPE  Can be used in smart classroom eliminating chalk dust Pollution.  Reduces unproductive time in classroom.  Reduces effort in cleaning the board.  Providing cleaner board surface

IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, Mar 2017

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017

8. CONCLUSION The following conclusions were drawn from the present project: The product is designed to provide a cleaner classroom space along with the advantage of saving productive type in the classroom. The dust collected by the system can be stored and reused to make chalk. This system is designed to reduce the effort in cleaning the board and provide a cleaner class room space. The system is energy efficient and maintenance is simple.

9. REFERENCES [1] Tiwari Ashutosh “Automatic blackboard eraser” International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2015 [2] S.Joshibaamali And K.Geetha Priya,‟ “Automatic Duster Machine”, International Journal Of Emerging Technology In Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 13 Issue 1 –MARCH 2015. [3] Mr. Sunil R. Kewate , Mr Inzamam T. Mujawar, Mr. Akash D. Kewate , Mr.Hitesh R. Pant‟, Development of New Smart Design to Erase the Classroom Blackboard of Schools/Colleges‟, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) eISSN: 22781684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X PP 57-61 . [4]. S.Nithyananth, A.Jagatheesh, K.Madan, B.Nirmalkumar,‟ Convertable Four Wheels Steering With Three Mode Operation‟, International Journal Of Research In Aeronautical And Mechanical Engineering, Issn (Online): 2321-3051. [5] Sharmila.C1, Ramya.M2, S. “Automatic Chalk Board Cleaner for Smart Class Rooms” International Journal of Advanced Research in and Communication Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 1, January 2016

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