A Hepta-Band Antenna For Wireless Applications

IDL - International Digital Library for Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 4, Mar 2017

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017

A Hepta-Band Antenna For Wireless Applications 1

2

S.Thavamani, PG Student

R.Anandan,Associate Professor

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, DhanalakshmiSrinivasancollege of Engineering and Technology, SH 49, Tamil Nadu, India.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, DhanalakshmiSrinivasan college of Engineering and Technology, SH 49, Tamil Nadu, India.

manis.thava@gmail.com

anandandscet@gmail.com

Abstract—Microstrip antennas are also known as printed antennas and they have a variety of applications in radar systems, microwave communication links, satellite communication systems, wireless and mobile communication systems, medical equipment, etc. In this paper, a model of inverted T-shaped slot rectangular patch antenna is designed and simulated to evaluate the performance. The proposed antenna is designed to cover the common wireless applications. The output results are taken and analyzed for their radiation pattern and transmission losses. The reference/characteristic impedance taken is 50 Ω and the operating frequency domain is 1.7GHz to 7.68 GHz. The microstrip patch antenna is encapsulated in the FR-4 low cost substrate whose dielectric constant is 4.4.

Keywords—Inverted T-shaped slot, Microstrip patch, defected ground structure (DGS).

I. INTRODUCTION An antenna acts as a transitional structure between free space and guiding device [9]. There are various types of antennas available such as wire antennas, aperture antennas, reflector antennas, array antennas, lens antennas and microstrip patch antennas.Of these the microstrip patch antenna is easy to fabricate and has the following characteristics: low profile, light weight, simple and inexpensive. It consists of a metallic or a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate and a ground plane on the other side [7]. The different shapes of patches are square, rectangular, circular etc. The proposed antenna is used to obtain multi-band operation with enhanced gain.

The proposed antenna is designed with an inverted Tshaped slot on a radiating patch. The defected ground structure otherwise known as mid-hole technique [6],is used to enhance

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the gain of the antenna. The multi-band antenna is designed to cover various applications in a single antenna with a simple structure to face the new challenges in wireless communications [12].The inverted T-shaped slot antenna is implemented with a single FR-4 substrate. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) tool. The HFSS is based on finite element method. It is an industrial standard for simulating 3D full wave electromagnetic fields and provides good standard accuracy [13].The design equations are based on the transmission line model and it is the easiest of all [4].The proposed antenna is simple in structure.

This paperdescribes the design and simulation of microstrip patch antenna for the current wireless communication systems, which operate at 1.7GHz to 7.68GHZ band. The inverted T-shaped slot antenna covers all the wireless applications such as GSM/Radio, WLAN, Wi-Fi, Extended C-band, INSAT/Super Extended C-band and Military standard (MIL-STD) 202.

II. DESIGN CALCULATIONS The width and length of the patch antenna are calculated by using transmission line design equations.

The width of the microstrip patch antenna is given as in equation (1): W= where

1|P a g e

c 2fo

*

2

(1)

εr+1

r= dielectric constant of the substrate f0 = frequency of operation. c = Velocity of light (3 * 108 m/s)

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IDL - International Digital Library for Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 4, Mar 2017

Available at: www.dbpublications.org

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017

The effective dielectric constant is: đ?›†đ??Ťđ??žđ??&#x;đ??&#x; = where

đ?›†đ??Ť +đ?&#x;? đ?&#x;?

+

đ?›†đ??Ť −đ?&#x;? đ?&#x;?

đ??Ą −đ?&#x;?/đ?&#x;?

đ?&#x;? + đ?&#x;?đ?&#x;? đ??°

S.No.

(2)

TABLE I Design Specification Parameters

Values

Unit

1

Ground Patch dimension (L*W)

46.2 * 56.4

mm2

2

Patch dimensions (L * W)

36.4 * 46.8

mm2

2

Relative Permittivity (Îľr)

4.4

No

3

Dielectric loss tangent (tanδ)

0.00018

No

4

Resonant Frequency (fo)

1.95

GHz

5

Slots (L* W)

16 * 6, 14 * 6

mm2

h=height of substrate.

The effective length is given as: đ??œ

đ??‹đ??žđ??&#x;đ??&#x; = đ?&#x;?đ??&#x;đ??¨âˆšđ?›†

đ??Ťđ??žđ??&#x;đ??&#x;

(3)

The length extension is:

W ďƒŚ ďƒś ďƒ§ (ď Ľ reff  0.3)(  0.264) ďƒˇ h ďƒ¸ (4) ď „L  0.412h ďƒ¨ W ďƒŚ ďƒś ďƒ§ (ď Ľ reff  0.258)(  0.8) ďƒˇ h ďƒ¨ ďƒ¸ The actual length is obtained by: L = Leff- 2ΔL

(5)

For the design, the ground plane dimensions are given as: Lg = 6h + L

(6)

6

Square hole in ground (L * W)

4 *4

mm2

Wg = 6h + W

(7)

7

Feed (L* W)

8 *3

mm2

Strip line feeding: A strip line fed type-feeding technique is used in this design.

The feeding point must be located at that point on the patch where the input impedance is 50 ohms for the resonant frequency.

III.PROPOSED ANTENNA GEOMETRY The conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed on FR-4 Epoxy substrate material, having following specifications: Substrate: FR-4 Epoxy, Height: 1.6 mm Here the rectangular patch has length and width 36.4 mm and 46.8 mm respectively. Four narrow slits are taken out from the patch to improve the performance of the antenna as multi-band functionality. The frequency of operation is taken as 1.95GHz.

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IV. STRUCTURE OF PROPOSED DESIGN IN HFSS The structure of the designed patch antenna is shown in Fig. 1 in 3Dmodel. An inverted T-shaped slot is formed on the patch element. The feed is applied in a horizontal polarization.

Itis assigned with an air box boundary and virtual radiationto create far field radiation pattern and assigned with anexcitation of the lump port.

Fig.1 Design of patch antenna in HFSS V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The patch antenna is simulated using Ansoft HFSS. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 shows Return Loss and VSWR plot of the design.

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 A. Return loss It is a measure of the reflected energy from a transmitted signal, which is commonly expressed in decibels (dB).

Larger the value, lesser is the energy reflected. The results obtained are shown in figure 2.

Fig.2 Return Loss of the antenna with frequency.

Ansoft NameCorporation X 1.7000

1.6955

m2

4.1500

1.5231

m3

5.7950

1.5437

3.50 m4

6.5650

1.1428

m5

6.6700

1.1571

m6

6.9500

1.6717

7.6850

1.2358

3.00

VSWR(LumpPort1)

m7

XY Plot 3

Y

4.00 m1

HFSSDesign1 Curve Info VSWR(LumpPort1) Setup1 : Sw eep1

Fig.3 VSWR of the antenna From the above results, we can say that the designed antenna is having seven bands of operations. Return loss parameter obtained at all these frequencies has value less than -10dB. The value of VSWR at all these resonating frequency bands is also between 1 and 2. Hence, we can say that designed antenna, which is resonating at seven different resonating frequencies, is a multi-band antenna. Fig. 4 shows 3D polar plot of the proposed design. Total directivity of the proposed antenna is 3.984 dB.

2.50

2.00 m1

m6 m3

m2

1.50

m7

m5 m4

1.00

0.50

0.00 1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

Freq [GHz]

B. VSWR VSWR stands for voltage standing wave ratio. It is a function of the reflection coefficient, which describes the power reflected from the antenna. For small VSWR, the antenna is better matched to the transmission line and more power is delivered to the antenna. Figure shows VSWR plot of proposed design.

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Fig.4 Directivity plot of the proposed antenna C. Gain

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IDL - International Digital Library for Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 4, Mar 2017

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 Total gain of the proposed antenna is 3.314 dB. Fig. 5 shows 3D Radiation Pattern 43 polar plot of the propos ed design .

Ansoft Corporation

HFSSDesign1

Curve Info

0

-30

dB(rEPhi) Setup1 : LastAdaptive

30

-2.00

dB(rEPhi)_1 Setup1 : LastAdaptive

-9.00

-60

60

dB(rEPhi)_2 Setup1 : LastAdaptive

-16.00

-23.00

-90

90

-120

Fig.5 Gain plot of the propos

120

-150

150 -180

ed antenna

Radiation Pattern 53

Ansoft Corporation

Fig.6 Gain the

HFSSDesign1 Curve Info

0 -30

dB(NearEPhi) Setup1 : LastAdaptive

30 27.20

Peak plot of

dB(NearEPhi)_1 Setup1 : LastAdaptive

24.40 -60

60 21.60

18.80

-90

90

-120

120

-150

150 -180

proposed antenna D. Radiation Pattern: The term radiation pattern refers to the directional (angular) dependence of the strength of the radio waves from the antenna or other source. The radiation pattern for the proposed patch antenna is shown in Figure 7.

Fig.8 Far field Radiation Pattern of the proposed antenna Fig.9 Near field Radiation Pattern of the proposed antenna TABLE II Results

Fig.7 Radiation Pattern of the proposed antenna

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Sl.No.

Operating Band (GHz)

Return Loss (dB)

VSWR

Gain (dB)

1

1.7

-11.76

1.69

3.89

2

4.15

-13.66

1.52

5.67

3

5.78

-13.4

1.54

7.44

4

6.56

-23.52

1.14

8.32

5

6.67

-22.75

1.15

7.79

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 [6] Arun Singh Kirar, Dr. P. K. Singhal, ―Design & Analysis Of An Inverted-T Shaped Antenna With DGS For Wireless Communication‖,International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 2, Issue 7,ISSN: 2278 – 1323, July 2013, pp 2302-2306.

TABLE II Results Sl.No.

Operating Band (GHz)

Return Loss (dB)

VSWR

Gain (dB)

6

6.96

-11.99

1.64

9.27

7

7.68

-19.91

1.23

9.27

[7] Constantine A.Balanis,‖Antenna Theory analysis and design‖,Wiley India edition, 3 rdEdition 2005.

VI.CONCLUSION Theinverted T- shaped slotantenna has been designed using flame retardant (FR-4) substrate with a dielectric constant value of 4.4. The proposed structure is simulated using HFSS simulator. From the results obtained in figure 2, it is evident that the proposed antenna can be used for real time wireless applications for attenuating the frequency, ranging from 1.7GHz to 7.68 GHz. This antennaachieves a good return loss and gain of about 3.31dB.

VII. REFERENCES [1] Amit Kumar & Sanjay Singh, ―Designing and Analysis of T-Shape Microstrip Antenna for the 4G Systems‖, Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology Network, Web & Security, Volume 13, Issue 8, Version 1.0, Year 2013, pp 15-18.

[8] Deepak, DhaynendraParasharDr.VinodK.Singh , Rajeev S. Pathak,‖ A study on inverted T shaped micro strip antenna at different frequencies‖, International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science, ISSN:2319-7242, Volume 2, Issue 11 Nov.2013, Pp 3180-3183.

[9] John d Kraus,‖antennas‖, 2ndedition,Tata McGraw Hill Company Limited,1997.

[10] Gada Mahmood Faisal, Kaydar Majeed Quboa, Dia Mohamad Ali,‖Quad-Band Dual-Layer Microstrip Antenna Design for Mobile Handset‖,American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2014, Vol. 2, No. 2,pp 51-56.

[2] Annapurna Das and Sisir K Das,‖Microwave engineering‖, 2 ndedition,tata McGraw Hill company Limited,2010.

[11] KhushbooNaruka, Prof.(Dr.) Sudhir KumarSharma, DevendraSoni,‖Design and Analysis of Double layer Microstrip patch antenna‖, International Journal of Modern Communication Technologies & Research (IJMCTR), ISSN: 2321-0850, Volume-2, Issue-1, January 2014, pp 12-14.

[3] AnujaJadhav, Nikhil Borawake, PradnyaShinde, Vishal Bharate, ―Novel T-Shaped Planar Dual Band Antenna with Slotted Ground for ISM/WLAN Operations‖,International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-3, Issue-2, May 2013, pp 11-13.

[12] Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan, Musa Magani, AtiqurRahman and Clive Parini,‖A Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna for Body-Centric Wireless Communications‖,School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road, London E1 4NS,2012.

[4] Arun K. Saurabh, Dinesh K. Srivastava,‖Design and Analysis of 4-Shape Slotted Broadband Rectangular Microstrip Patch [MSP] Antenna‖,International Journal of Review in Electronics & Communication Engineering (IJRECE), Volume 1, Issue 5, December 2013, pp 131-134.

[13] Parminder Singh, Anjali Chandel, DivyaNaina ,‖Bandwidth Enhancement of Probe Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna‖, International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology (IJECCT), Volume 3, Issue 1 (January 2013),pp 368371.

[5] Arun K. Saurabh, Sunil Kumar, D. K. Srivastava,‖Design and Bandwidth Enhancement of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna using Double H-Slot Technique for Broadband Applications‖, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,Vol. 2, Issue 12, December 2013,pp 4570-4574.

[14] Prabhaker Singh, G.S. Tripathi , Amit Kumar Gupta,‖Design of small size extended T-shaped patch Microstrip antenna‖, VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 1, January 2013 / 25, eISSN : 2231-3346, p-ISSN : 2319-2232,pp 25-27.

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[15] RatneshKumari, Mithilesh Kumar ,‖Inverted T-Slot Compact Microstrip Antennas for Multiband

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 Operations‖, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 10, October2013, ISSN 2229-5518,pp 267-275.

[16] SwarajPanusa, Mithlesh Kumar,‖Quad-Band U-Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna‖, International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882, Volume 3, Issue 1, April 2014, pp 145-148.

[17] P.Vetriselvi, SathiyamoorthyMurugan., Dr.V.Rajamani ,‖Design Of Wideband U Slot Microstrip Antenna‖, International Journal of Innovative Res arch in Science, Engineering and Technology Volume 3, Special Issue 3, March 2014,pp 1382-1386.

[18] Zhongbao Wang, Shaojun Fang, ShiqiangFu,‖Wideband Dual-Layer Patch Antenna Fed by a Modified L-Strip‖, Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, Vol. 9, No. 2, December 2010,pp 89-98.

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