IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 4, Apr 2017
Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
Intelligent Helmet for Road Safety Naveena Pai G Assistant professor Yenepoya Institute of Technology,Moodbidri pai.naveena@gmail.com
Abstract—An accident is a specific, unexpected, unusual and unintended external action which occurs in a particular time and place, with no apparent and deliberate cause but with marked effects. Carelessness of the driver is the major factor of such accidents. The traffic authorities give a lot of instructions to the vehicle operators. But many of them do not obey the rules. Nowadays most of the countries are forcing the motor riders to wear the helmet and not to use the vehicles when the person is in drunken condition. But still the rules are being violated by the users. In order to overcome this we propose a new intelligent helmet system, which automatically checks whether the person is wearing the helmet and has nonalcoholic breath while driving. Here we have a transmitter at the helmet and the receiver at the bike .The project aims at the security and safety of the bikers against road accidents. The circuit is so designed that the bike wont’ start without wearing helmet. Also, if the driver is drunk, the bike will not start thereby preventing drunken drivers. And in case of accident, immediate message will be sent to the family members about the accident using a GSM modem. Keywords—Helmet, Accident, Alcohol detection, GSM Modem.
I. INTRODUCTION A traffic accident is defined as any vehicle accident occurring on a public highway (i.e. originating on, terminating on, or involving a vehicle partially on the highway). These accidents therefore include collisions between vehicles and animals, vehicles and pedestrians, or vehicles and fixed obstacles. In higher-income countries, road traffic [1] accidents are already among the top ten leading causes of disease burden in 1998 as measured in DALYs (disability-adjusted life year). In less developed countries, road traffic accidents were the most significant cause of injuries, ranking eleventh among the most important causes of lost years of healthy life. In Indian road system, widening of the road is not an alternative solution to avoid traffic in such a cities [2]. The problems with state drunk driving control systems can be solved in many ways. The most effective will follow several
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principles: They will invest authority and responsibility in people and organizations at all levels, local to national, because drunken driving control [6] requires action at all levels. They will operate in the public eye, using the media to report on problems and solutions, because ultimate decisions on priorities and resources to control drunk driving must have public support. They will not promise instant solutions based on a single action but rather will take steady steps towards long-term improvement. And they will establish mechanisms for identifying and solving problems rather than attempting to apply one-size fits- all methods. Application of electronics in the automobile field is very much popular now. Because of the low prices and various varieties available in the market people prefer motorbikes to buy over 4 wheelers. Hence Road Safety becomes a major issue of concern. Therefore it becomes necessary to implement such a technique which is not easy to bypass the basic rule of wearing helmet and to avoid drunken driving. II. PROPOSED SYSTEM This system consists of mainly two hardware parts. Transmitter section comprises of helmet in which position sensor and alcohol sensor are placed. In receiver section a PIC microcontroller is used which will receive the signals through RF receiver. Here we designed a system which checks the two conditions before ignition of the engine. The first condition is whether the rider is wearing helmet or not and it is detected by a position sensor. The second condition is detection of alcohol content in rider‟s breath with the help of an alcohol sensor. If any of the two conditions are violated then the bike will not start. If the rider is wearing helmet and the alcohol content is not detected then ignition of engine starts. If any accident occurs then a piezoelectric sensor detects it and short message service will be send to the predefined numbers using GSM modem .If there is no
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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 4, Apr 2017
Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 accident then vehicle reaches its destination. This system first checks wearing of helmet with the help of 3 axis accelerometer and if the rider is wearing the helmet system checks for content of alcohol in rider‟s breath using an alcohol sensor MQ3.In case the alcohol content is not detected pic microcontroller receives data from these sensors and gives digital data to the RF transmitter connected to it.RF transmitter will send this data to the RF receiver which is connected to another pic microcontroller this in turn runs the motor connected to it. If any of the above two conditions are violated motor which is connected to the pic microcontroller won‟t work and this will be indicated by a beep sound. A Piezoelectric sensor is used here to detect the accident which works on the principle of piezoelectricity. In this system Analog pin of PIC reads the data from this sensor and converts 0-5volts into 0-1023 divisions from the internal ADC. If the sensors output is stronger than a certain threshold, then the PIC microcontroller reads it as a crash. GSM SIM-900A is used in this system that works on frequency 900/1800MHz and 4.5-12v power supply. The GSM module receives the information when an accident occurs and sends a message to a predefined mobile number. To perform this operation a helical antenna is used that receives the signals at the range of 925 to 960MHz and transmits the signal at the range of 880 to 915MHz. Using this modem, we can make audio calls, SMS, Read SMS, attend the incoming calls and internet etc. through simple AT commands. Unlike mobile phones, a GSM modem doesn‟t have a keypad and display to interact with. It just accepts certain commands through a serial interface and acknowledges for those. These commands are called as AT commands. There are lists of AT commands to instruct the modem to perform its functions as listed below.
Fig. 1. Functional block diagram of Intelligent Helmet
AT+CMGF=1; This command is used to initialize the text message. AT+CMGS =\”phone no.\”; This command is used to send the message. AT+CMGR=1; This command is used to receive the text message. Every command starts with "AT". That‟s why they are called as AT commands. AT stands for attention. The baud rate is set to 9600bps. The program waits for the mobile number to be entered through the keyboard. When a ten digit mobile number is provided, the program instructs the modem to send the text message using a sequence of AT commands.
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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 4, Apr 2017
Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 due to drunken driving. A GSM modem is used in this system that will send a message to the predefined numbers that are programmed using microcontroller in case of any accident. We have a tendency to introduce advanced sensors techniques and radio frequency wireless communications are included in this project to make it a good one. V. FUTURE SCOPE In future we have a tendency to planned to construct our intelligent system during a compact size. And additionally as globally acceptable to notify the No entry and No parking areas. Government should enforce laws to install such system in each 2 wheeler. By implementing such mechanism in 2 wheelers, the deaths attributable to due to driving and alternative road fatalities are often brought to zero p.c. And also indicates No parking area which would reduce the crowd of the vehicle in those areas. No entry area is mainly allocated during the development or repairing of the road, if the rider enters in such area this system would immediately intimate as No entry area and vehicle can stop automatically. in case of any accident it might send the messages to the friends continuously about the location of the accident happened until the first aid reaches the rider. Our system helps to know the location of the vehicle for rescuing in the case of theft incidents.
Acknowledgment
Fig. 2. Helmet Flowchart of intelligent helmet system
We sincerely appreciate the encouragement extended by the Head of the Department, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Dr. MVSIT, Prof. Gangadhar G and our beloved principal, Dr. Sandeep J Nayak.
III. ADVANTAGES The device provides a better security to the biker. In the case of accidents, where every minute is important, the user can be traced within a second. The device also reduces the accident rate due to drunken driving. The device decreases the head injuries throughout accidents. IV. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Nowadays, most cases of accidents area unit by motor bikes. The severities of those accidents are increased because of the absence of helmet or by the usage of alcoholic drinks. In our project we have a tendency to develop an electronic intelligent helmet system that efficiently checks the wearing of helmet and drunken driving. By implementing this system a safe 2 wheeler journey is possible which would decrease the head injuries throughout accidents caused from the absence of helmet and additionally reduce the accident rate
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References [1] [2] [3]
[4] [5] [6] [7]
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Alcohol sensor and Automatic control system for bike, Volume 2, Issue ICRAET12, May 2012 Baird, T., & Hardy, E. „„Concerning Car Collisions and Motorcycles. Motorcycle Action Group”, 2006. Gotoh, M., Watanabe, H., Takashiba, h., &Kakizoe, „„Development Of The Advanced Safety Vehicles”, 8th ITS World Congress, Sydney, Australia, 2001. Hurt, “Motor cycle accident cause factor and identification of countermeasures”, 1981. Nissan, “To Drink Drive-Proof its Vehicle”, September 2006. Ms. Namrata D.Ghuse, „„Intelligent Helmet For Two Bikers”, volume 6, 2006 Olssen,T.,Truedsson,N.,Xafis,V.,Tomasevic,N.,Logan,D.,Flides,B.,& Kullgren,“A Review and Evaluation of Vehicle Safety Features and Systems”, 2006. Sudharsana Vijayan, “Alcohol detection using smartHelmet system”, 0976-1353 Volume 8, APRIL 2014
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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 4, Apr 2017
Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
IDL - International Digital Library
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Copyright@IDL-2017