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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, May 2017

Available at: www.dbpublications.org

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017

Advancement in Suspension System: - A Review Meghana.O UG Student, Mechanical Engineering, SriRevana Siddeshwara Institute of technology Chikkajala Bangalore: - 562157 8722109661, 9035171096 chinnumeghana962@gmail.com KRISHNA NALAGI Asst. Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sri Revana Siddeshwara Institute of Technology Chikkajala Bangalore: - 562157

Abstract The purpose of presenting this review paper is to provide in-depth information about suspension system.

It explains the comforts and safety of the passenger. It illustrates the importance of the suspension system in automobile. Vehicle suspensions systems typically rated by its ability to provide good road handling and improve passenger comfort. It also says the improvement that has been taken place in the suspension system for a better ride and driver comfort. The foremost suspension was Bose electromagnetic suspension. The advancement that has been used in the suspension system is for cars. The three technologies that had made cars even better than first that is: - 1. DRC (dynamic ride control), 2.

Magnetic Dampers (AUDI R8), 3.Active Curve Tilting. Further it illustrates the specification and causes of the invention and it also describes the electromagnetic active suspensions. The future trends of automotive suspensions are due to simple structure, high-bandwidth, accurate and flexible force control, high ride quality, good handling performance, and energy regeneration. It says the application and better enrolment of suspension system. air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative Keywords: suspension system, Bose motion between the two. The main goalto research the electromagneticsuspension, three technologies paper is to get the information about the advancement that had made cars even better than the of suspension system compared to the previous first,automotive suspension systemIntroduction: advancement that has been taken such as: -PID When people think of automobile performance, they control, optimal control, robust control linear normally think of horsepower, torque and zero-to-60 parameter varying , nonlinear control techniques like acceleration. But all of the power generated by a sliding mode control, back stepping control and piston engine is useless if the driver can't control the car. That's why automobile engineers turned their attention to the suspension system almost as soon as feedback linearization. Intelligent control techniques they had mastered the four-stroke internal combustion such as fuzzy logic control and various Neural engine. Suspension is the system of tires, tire Network -based control methods, NARMA L2 IDL - International Digital Library

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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, May 2017

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 control, and so many. The most advanced technology has made suspension system even better and comfort full. This presentation also explains about the automotive active suspension system (four wheel suspension system), dynamic ride control in AUDI RS 7, active curve tilting in BENZ S65, and magnetic dampers in AUDI R8. This review is made to describe the safety, comfort, and improvement in the suspension system.

Description: - Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. The new advancement that has been taken place in suspension system is discussed in this paper. This paper explains the advancement in suspension system of vehicles. It also explains the comforts and safety ofthe passenger. The advancement that had taken place is based upon the active suspension system.

Principle of Suspension System:  

To restrict road vibrations from being transmitted to the various components of the vehicle To protect the passengers from road shocks To maintain the stability of the vehicle in pitching and rolling.

The main important factor of the suspension system is spring rate.

Spring rate: -The spring rate (or suspension rate) is a component in setting the vehicle's ride height or its location in the suspension stroke.

Amar Bose worked on it. In 1980’s nearly 25 years he worked on suspension system in automobiles. It consists of linear electromagnetic attached on each wheel, Power amplifiers at each wheel, and a set of control algorithms.

Working: -The (fig 1) shows the Bose suspension system. The Bose system uses a linear electromagnetic motor (fig 2) at each wheel a conventional shock-andspring setup. Amplifiers provide electricity to the motors in such a way that their power is regenerated with each compression of the system. The main benefit of the motors is that they are not limited by the inertia inherent in conventional fluid-based dampers.

As a result, an LEM can extend and compress at a much greater speed, virtually eliminating all vibrations in the passenger cabin.The wheel's motion can be so finely controlled that the body of the car remains level regardless of what's happening at the wheel. The LEM can also counteract the body motion of the car while accelerating, braking and cornering, giving the driver a greater sense of control. This also increases efficiency, improved dynamic behavior,stability improvement, reduces vibration for the driver and provide comfort ride. But this had some disadvantages such as consumes high current for 1214V system, higher cost, conventional design is needed. But this was the step for the suspension system in automobiles which lead to many more advancement in vehicle suspension system such as PID control, nonlinear control techniques, NARMA L2, neural network control, adaptive fuzzy controller and many more. The new advancement that has been taken place in suspension system is discussed in this paper, which explains the improvement in the suspension system.

K=F/X Where, F is the force the spring exerts K is the spring rate of the spring.

X is the deflection of the spring from its equilibrium position (i.e., when no force is applied on the spring, spring rate is confined to a narrow interval by the weight of the vehicle, load the vehicle will carry, and to a lesser extent by suspension geometry and performance desires.

Fig1: - Bose Electromagnetic Suspension System

The fore most suspension that had taken place was Bose electromagnetic suspension where in which IDL - International Digital Library

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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, May 2017

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 (fig 7), which provides relatively good motion for the vehicle. Magnetic dampers provide good relative motion between tries and road which also reduces the road vibrations and provides comfort for the driver.

Fig3: - Working Of Magnetic Dampers

Fig2: - Linear Electromagnetic Actuator

New trends in suspension: 3 technologies that are making Car suspension even better: 1. Magnetic dampers 2. Active curve tilting 3. Dynamic ride control  

Automotive seating suspension Advanced suspension system

Fig4: - working of system while power is maximum

Magnetic Dampers: If you enjoy the magnetic dampers on your Ferrari FF or Audi R8, you can thank General Motorsfor developing the technology (Fig 3) shows the magnetic dampers. By varying electric current through a ferrous fluid, Magnetic Ride Control dampers can adjust their stiffness in response to driving conditions. And while the system is licensed to other companies, GM, as the originator, is still out front. Its third-generation Magnetic Ride Control improves on prior designs by adding a second wire. Now the fluid can be actively switched from firm to compliant, whereas before there was a lag as the particles naturally returned to their relaxed state.

The implication at sixty miles per hour the Stingray can adjust for each inch of road.(Fig: - 4) show the working procured.When the power is offthe atoms will independently moving along the body (fig 5).

While when the power is on all the particles set into linear motion which provides good motion of vehicle.While the power is minimum some particles will be in linear motion and some will be independently moving (fig 6), but when the power is maximum all the particles will be in linear position IDL - International Digital Library

is

Fig5: working of system while power minimum

Active Curve Tilting:Motorcyclists can tell you that leaning into a corner feels natural but too bad that cars can't do that. Well, now even cars can experience this curve tilting. The 2015 Mercedes-Benz S65 AMG coupe. Using a lateral-acceleration sensor paired to a forwardlooking camera (fig 8). The S65 perceives corners and then uses its air suspension to tilt the body in toward

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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, May 2017

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 the apex (fig 9).The goal isn't higher performance but, rather, increased comfort as the passengers experience lower lateral loads at a given speed. Basically, if the road doesn't have a nicely banked corner, the car simulates one for its occupants.Proving yet again, that it's nice to be rich. This suspension gives good and economical ride for a driver. While driving the mode can be changed to comfort ride sports ride

Fig8: -active curve tilting in BENZ S65

Dynamic ride control (DRC) :- (Audi RS 7) The Audi RS 7 is the latest car to gain a hydraulic cross-linked suspension, which Audi dubs Dynamic Ride Control. While conventional suspensions use steel antiroll bars to counteract body roll, hydraulic systems send fluid to the opposite side of the car. It as diagonally linked DRC, in which centrally valves regulate the oil flow. It also reduces rolling while cornering and reduces pitching while braking. When you're not pulling major g's, the system stays out of the way, allowing unimpeded wheel travel and a smooth ride. It's like having huge antiroll bars and no antiroll bars at all, depending on the situation. It has diagonally linked DRC dampers which regulates the oil flow. It also reduces the rolling while cornering. It also reduces the pitching while braking. The vehicles with the best compromise between performance and handling all use some version of this approach.

Hydraulic cross-linking isn't perfect, but it's the closest thing right now to a full active suspension.

Fig9: - Dynamic ride control when cornering

Fig6:lateral-acceleration sensorforward-looking camera

Fig7: seating

vibration without active curve tilting and with active curve tilting IDL - International Digital Library

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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, May 2017

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 classified as dependent and independent, depending upon the ability of the wheels on the opposite of the vehicle to move independently of each other. The vehicle suspension system is responsible for driving comfort and safety as the suspension carries the vehicle body and transmits all forces between the body and the road. In order to positively influence these properties, semi-active and/or active components are introduced. These enable the suspension system to adapt to various driving conditions. By adding a variable damper and/or spring, driving comfort and safety are considerably improved compared to suspension setups with fixed properties. Continuing demands for improving vehicle safety and ride comfort have resulted in the development of advanced Suspension and damping systems with adjustable fuzzy control. Algorithm which has improved vehicle comfort and road holding capability. It not only can reflect the advantage of fuzzy logic in nonlinearity system but also can improve the disadvantage of common fuzzy control method strongly depending on the experience. It is shown that with innovative use of electronic and damping hardware, cost effective solutions can be realized.

Fig10: DRC system in AUDI RS7

Fig11: Diagonally linked DRC

Fig12: Rolling when cornering

Automotive Systems:-

Advanced

Suspension Fig13: Front wheel suspension

Striking the right balance of driver comfort, safety, and vehicle dynamics relies heavily on a vehicle’s suspension system. Integrating advanced vehicle technologies present their own set of challenges which will be further complicated in coming years by the industry’s shift toward autonomous driving and widespread utilization of chassis light weighting to meet global emission standards. The suspension system in a vehicle mainly consists of springs, shock absorbers and various linkages. The key functions of the system are to increase the vehicle’s road holding capacity and also, to provide complete comfort to the occupants inside the vehicle from bumps in the road and other vibrations. These systems are broadly IDL - International Digital Library

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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 3, May 2017

Available at: www.dbpublications.org

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 

Bharath GopalakrishnaAsst.professor Mechanical dept SRSIT



Distributed control of a car suspension system A REVIEW BY Mohamed El Mongi Ben Gaid, Arben C¸ ela, R´emyKocik



Adaptive Fuzzy Wavelet NN Control Strategy for Full Car Suspension System



LaiqKhan,Rabiah Badar and ShahidQamar Department of Electrical Engineering,

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ZERO-POWER MAGNETIC SUSPENSION Takeshi MIZUNO



Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saitama University



Automotive suspension group of Company



Volathan group of Company, Germany



Anusha.k CSE dept SRSIT



Mohan Asst.professorMechDept SRSIT



Naveen Asst.ProfessorMechdept SRSIT

Fig14: graph of automotive active suspension

Conclusion:From the whole discussion in suspension system, I observe that suspension system is like a WHITE BLOOD CELL. As WBC provides energy to our body to fight against disease or viruses which try to destroy or try to decrease our life.In the similar way SUSPENSION SYSTEM provides the energy to a vehicle to protect itself from damaging, increasing life of the vehicle, increases the handing, increases comfort of passengers and many more.So, according to me if you remove the suspension system, then you feel like in bull –cart in Audi, Benz types of luxurious cars. The only difference is size, speed, etc. . . .

The advancement in active suspension system as made a good comfort for the riders where it reduces the road vibration provides good comfort ride. This paper provides the information about the suspension system which has made automobiles even better and also reduces the risk of accidents, health, road noise, and etc.

Reference: 

Google Wikipedia



Krishna Nalagi, asst.professor Mechanical dept SRSIT



Uday Kumar HOD Mechanical dept SRSIT

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