IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2017
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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
A survey on power- efficient Forward Error Correction scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks Bidyarani Langpoklakpam1, Rajeev Ranjan2 Dept of Computer Science & Engineering School of Computing & Information REVA University
Abstract In this recent year, wireless sensor network are
Wireless
sensor
network
(WSN)
is
a
widely being used due to its attractive features.
networkcomposed of a group of sensor nodes
Reliable network in wireless sensor network is
which is enable of sensing environmental and
very important for a broad range of network.
monitor physical phenomena. The WSN is a
Since wireless sensor network consist of a large
promising technique to build information and
number of small sensors which has limited
.communication systems where many sensing
battery, power consumption is an issue. The
devices are involved such as in the Internet of
network lifetime depends on the usage of power
things. Usually, in sensor networks, each sensor
resources. In this paper, we proposed forward
node is equipped with a limited battery, highly
error correction (FEC) which is error controlling
constraint energy and inexpensive. Hence, the
method that adds redundancy to the transmitted
energy efficiency in sensor networks is an
data so that the receiver can get errorless data.
extremely important issue for constructing WSNs.
The results provides high reliability in wireless
One way to conserve energy in WSN is to avoid
sensor network.
retransmission due to error and instead use error controlling scheme for error correction . Forward
Keywords : Forward error correction, hamming
error correction are used which is technique used
code, convolutional code.
for controlling errors in data transmission over a
I INTRODUCTION
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noisy channel.
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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2017
Available at: dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 Convolutional codes are used extensively to achieve reliable data transfer in numerous applications, such as digital Video like CD, DVD, wireless and satellite communication. Hamming codes: Hamming codes are error correcting methods which is based on fixed length blocks of bits. Hamming codes Fig. 1 An overview of forward error correction in
Example
wireless communication
100101
In this paper, forward error correction technique is presented. This results in decreasing power consumption and complexity in order to expand lifetime of the network without performance loss. The rest of this paper is followed as in section II , analysis of forward error correction, section III as
All bit must position in terms of power of 2(i.e:1,2,4,8,..Etc)
Literature survey and section IV , conclusion.
P1: check 1 bit, skip 1 bit, check 1bit. Skip 1 bit,
II FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION
etc (P1, D3, D5, D7, D9). Since total number of How it works: The sender encodes the message
1’s is odd , P1 is filled with 1 to make it even.
in a redundant way by using an error-correcting code (ECC). The redundancy allows the receiver to detect a errors that may occur anywhere in the message, and often to correct these errors without retransmission. FEC is an integral part of the initial
analog-to-digital
conversion
in
the
receiver.
P2: check 2 bit, skip 2 bit, check 2bit, skip 2 bit,
Types of FEC: Two types of forward error correction
are
used-
Block
code
and
etc (P2, D3, D6, D7). Since total number of 1’s is even , P2 is filled with 0.
Convolutional code. Block codeswork on fixed length
blocks
of
bits
or
symbols
of
size such as hamming code , CRC etc.
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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2017
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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
P4:check 4 bit, skip 4 bit, check 2bit, skip 2 bit,
P2: check 2 bit, skip 2 bit..
etc (P2,D3,D6,D7). Since total number of 1’s is odd , P4 is filled with 1 to make it even.
P4: check 4 bit, skip 4 bit.. Sender sends the binary code to receiver.
P1, P2 and P4 are incorrect so sum of all incorrect P1+P2+P3=7th bit.
Error detection and correction P1: check 1 bit , skip 1 bit.. same as above.
Convolutional code- convolutional codes are unlike block codes. In convolutional code, encoders are with memory. An (n, k, K) code are used where k is the number of input bits, n is the number of output bits and k is the constraint length.
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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2017
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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 The code rate is K/n since the K bits enter the
Forward
Error
encoder and n bits leaves the encoder. For
Automatic Repeat request to improve
example,
the
Consider a rate of 2/3 convulational encoder and
communications.
reliability
Correction
in
the
and
wireless
the generators are : G1=[1011] , G2=[1101] , G3 =[1010]. In octal form, (13,15, 12).
In this article, the author focus on the combination of ARQ (Automatic repeat request) and FEC (forward error correction) to improve the reliability of data transmission in wireless communications. ARQ corrects minor errors without retransmission and FEC corrects major errors via a request for retransmission. (b) An energy efficient decoding scheme for wireless body area sensor network The author focus on reducing of total power
Benefits of FEC: FEC detects the number of
consumption by reducing the decoding power
errors occurs in the message and correct the
consumption. LDPC (low density parity check
errors . FEC reduces the power consumption in
code ) is considered to reduce energy dissipation
wireless communications systems. FEC also
in decoder and to extend the lifetime of the
increases throughput, robustness and extend the
network.
lifetime of the network. FEC allows to complete
(c) Windowed decoding in user oriented
the task at the given period of time. Low average
FEC for Wireless sensor networks using
computation without performance loss.
matched filter receiver In this paper, forward error correction is preferred
III LITERATURE SURVEY
over backward error correction as it avoids retransmission of data which results in reduction
With regard to the above-mentioned issues, forward error correction techniques have been proposed. In this section, a review of some of these solutions has been done.
in decoding delay. The authors propose an FEC decoder employing widowed decoding technique for couple codes. This reduces the complexity and increases the speed with lower complexity. (d) Power allocation in an symmetric wireless sensor network
(a) The powerful combined effect of IDL - International Digital Library
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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2017
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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 The author proposed a power allocation scheme
rate, and amount of transmit energy in wireless
and a sensor scheduling scheme for asymmetric
sensor network . By using the Lyapunov
sensor networks where multiple sensors observe a
optimization technique , this paper present a
common binary source and transmit their
revenue-cost (RC) function which combines the
corrupted observations to a data fusion node. The
optimization of the Quality of information and
power allocation scheme is based on convex
energy to proposed the CSTPC algorithm that can
optimization, of which objective is to maximize
calculate the worst-case delay.
the mutual information between the source and its estimate. (e) Modeling the Wireless Sensor Networks Using the Error Control Scheme To improve the reliability of multi-hop data
Table 1.Comparative survey on forward
transmission in WSNs, two types of error
error correction in WSN's
correction scheme are used - error control at the end node and error control at the intermediate nodes of the route. This paper focus on choosing an appropriate error control scheme to increase the reliability in wireless communication. (f) Error control in wireless sensor network: A cross Layer Analysis This paper shows a comparison of forward error correction, automatic Repeat Request and hybrid automatic Repeat Request schemes. This paper focus on reducing transmitted power in multi-hop network. (g) Energy-aware quality of information maximization
for
wireless
sensor
networks This paper investigate the energy-aware quality of information (QoI) maximization problem by optimizing the sensor selection, packet-dropped IDL - International Digital Library
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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 [4] Ahmad, Ashfaq, et al. "An advanced energy IV CONCLUSION
consumption
terrestrial
model
wireless
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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2017
Available at: dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 Processing, Computing
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