Tr 00102

IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2017

Available at: dbpublications.org

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017

A survey on power- efficient Forward Error Correction scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks Bidyarani Langpoklakpam1, Rajeev Ranjan2 Dept of Computer Science & Engineering School of Computing & Information REVA University

Abstract In this recent year, wireless sensor network are

Wireless

sensor

network

(WSN)

is

a

widely being used due to its attractive features.

networkcomposed of a group of sensor nodes

Reliable network in wireless sensor network is

which is enable of sensing environmental and

very important for a broad range of network.

monitor physical phenomena. The WSN is a

Since wireless sensor network consist of a large

promising technique to build information and

number of small sensors which has limited

.communication systems where many sensing

battery, power consumption is an issue. The

devices are involved such as in the Internet of

network lifetime depends on the usage of power

things. Usually, in sensor networks, each sensor

resources. In this paper, we proposed forward

node is equipped with a limited battery, highly

error correction (FEC) which is error controlling

constraint energy and inexpensive. Hence, the

method that adds redundancy to the transmitted

energy efficiency in sensor networks is an

data so that the receiver can get errorless data.

extremely important issue for constructing WSNs.

The results provides high reliability in wireless

One way to conserve energy in WSN is to avoid

sensor network.

retransmission due to error and instead use error controlling scheme for error correction . Forward

Keywords : Forward error correction, hamming

error correction are used which is technique used

code, convolutional code.

for controlling errors in data transmission over a

I INTRODUCTION

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noisy channel.

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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2017

Available at: dbpublications.org

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 Convolutional codes are used extensively to achieve reliable data transfer in numerous applications, such as digital Video like CD, DVD, wireless and satellite communication.

Hamming codes: Hamming codes are error correcting methods which is based on fixed length blocks of bits.

Hamming codes Fig. 1 An overview of forward error correction in

Example

wireless communication

100101

In this paper, forward error correction technique is presented. This results in decreasing power consumption and complexity in order to expand lifetime of the network without performance loss.

The rest of this paper is followed as in section II , analysis of forward error correction, section III as

All bit must position in terms of power of 2(i.e:1,2,4,8,..Etc)

Literature survey and section IV , conclusion.

P1: check 1 bit, skip 1 bit, check 1bit. Skip 1 bit,

II FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION

etc (P1, D3, D5, D7, D9). Since total number of How it works: The sender encodes the message

1’s is odd , P1 is filled with 1 to make it even.

in a redundant way by using an error-correcting code (ECC). The redundancy allows the receiver to detect a errors that may occur anywhere in the message, and often to correct these errors without retransmission. FEC is an integral part of the initial

analog-to-digital

conversion

in

the

receiver.

P2: check 2 bit, skip 2 bit, check 2bit, skip 2 bit,

Types of FEC: Two types of forward error correction

are

used-

Block

code

and

etc (P2, D3, D6, D7). Since total number of 1’s is even , P2 is filled with 0.

Convolutional code. Block codeswork on fixed length

blocks

of

bits

or

symbols

of

size such as hamming code , CRC etc.

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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2017

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017

P4:check 4 bit, skip 4 bit, check 2bit, skip 2 bit,

P2: check 2 bit, skip 2 bit..

etc (P2,D3,D6,D7). Since total number of 1’s is odd , P4 is filled with 1 to make it even.

P4: check 4 bit, skip 4 bit..

Sender sends the binary code to receiver.

P1, P2 and P4 are incorrect so sum of all incorrect P1+P2+P3=7th bit.

Error detection and correction P1: check 1 bit , skip 1 bit.. same as above.

Convolutional code- convolutional codes are unlike block codes. In convolutional code, encoders are with memory. An (n, k, K) code are used where k is the number of input bits, n is the number of output bits and k is the constraint length.

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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2017

Available at: dbpublications.org

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 The code rate is K/n since the K bits enter the

Forward

Error

encoder and n bits leaves the encoder. For

Automatic Repeat request to improve

example,

the

Consider a rate of 2/3 convulational encoder and

communications.

reliability

Correction

in

the

and

wireless

the generators are : G1=[1011] , G2=[1101] , G3 =[1010].

In octal form, (13,15, 12).

In this article, the author focus on the combination of ARQ (Automatic repeat request) and FEC (forward error correction) to improve the reliability of data transmission in wireless communications. ARQ corrects minor errors without retransmission and FEC corrects major errors via a request for retransmission. (b) An energy efficient decoding scheme for wireless body area sensor network The author focus on reducing of total power

Benefits of FEC: FEC detects the number of

consumption by reducing the decoding power

errors occurs in the message and correct the

consumption. LDPC (low density parity check

errors . FEC reduces the power consumption in

code ) is considered to reduce energy dissipation

wireless communications systems. FEC also

in decoder and to extend the lifetime of the

increases throughput, robustness and extend the

network.

lifetime of the network. FEC allows to complete

(c) Windowed decoding in user oriented

the task at the given period of time. Low average

FEC for Wireless sensor networks using

computation without performance loss.

matched filter receiver In this paper, forward error correction is preferred

III LITERATURE SURVEY

over backward error correction as it avoids retransmission of data which results in reduction

With regard to the above-mentioned issues, forward error correction techniques have been proposed. In this section, a review of some of these solutions has been done.

in decoding delay. The authors propose an FEC decoder employing widowed decoding technique for couple codes. This reduces the complexity and increases the speed with lower complexity. (d) Power allocation in an symmetric wireless sensor network

(a) The powerful combined effect of IDL - International Digital Library

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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2017

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 The author proposed a power allocation scheme

rate, and amount of transmit energy in wireless

and a sensor scheduling scheme for asymmetric

sensor network . By using the Lyapunov

sensor networks where multiple sensors observe a

optimization technique , this paper present a

common binary source and transmit their

revenue-cost (RC) function which combines the

corrupted observations to a data fusion node. The

optimization of the Quality of information and

power allocation scheme is based on convex

energy to proposed the CSTPC algorithm that can

optimization, of which objective is to maximize

calculate the worst-case delay.

the mutual information between the source and its estimate. (e) Modeling the Wireless Sensor Networks Using the Error Control Scheme To improve the reliability of multi-hop data

Table 1.Comparative survey on forward

transmission in WSNs, two types of error

error correction in WSN's

correction scheme are used - error control at the end node and error control at the intermediate nodes of the route. This paper focus on choosing an appropriate error control scheme to increase the reliability in wireless communication. (f) Error control in wireless sensor network: A cross Layer Analysis This paper shows a comparison of forward error correction, automatic Repeat Request and hybrid automatic Repeat Request schemes. This paper focus on reducing transmitted power in multi-hop network. (g) Energy-aware quality of information maximization

for

wireless

sensor

networks This paper investigate the energy-aware quality of information (QoI) maximization problem by optimizing the sensor selection, packet-dropped IDL - International Digital Library

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 [4] Ahmad, Ashfaq, et al. "An advanced energy IV CONCLUSION

consumption

terrestrial

model

wireless

for sensor

In this paper, we focus on power consumption

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(IWCMC), 2016 International. IEEE,

unreliable networks .With the help of forward

2016.

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[5] Cheng,

Long,

Communications

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al.

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Efficient

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Low-Duty-Cycle

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Networks." IEEE/ACM Transactions on

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Networking 24.6 (2016): 3676-3689.

wireless sensor network.

[6] Bana,

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IDL - International Digital Library Of Technology & Research Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2017

Available at: dbpublications.org

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017 Processing, Computing

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