Professional Studies 3

Wuhan Greenland Center

Shanghai Tower

Beijing National Stadium Burj Khalifa

Gherkin

Jewish Museum Petronas Towers

Lloyd's building

CN Tower

World Trade Center

Unité d'habitation

Fallingwater

Barcelona Pavilion

Fagus Factory

Robie House

Philadelphia City Hall

White House United States Capitol Royal Pavilion St. Pancras

Christ Church, Spitalfields Nuruosmaniye Mosque St Clement's Church

Potala Palace St Paul's Cathedral

Sant'Agnese Les Invalides

Social ries Environmental Technology nstitutions 1730

1890 Thomas Jefferson

1905 1930 1970 Post Post-Modernism Architectural analytics ART NEUVEAU Form Follows Function

ROCOCO

izabeth Wilbraham

Modulor

E

POST MODERNISM Critical regionalism

Rationalism

Athens Charter

ART DECO Lebbeus Woods Determinism Functionalism

NEOCLASSICISM

CIAM

Parlante

Phenomenology

SAIA South Africa

BNA Dutch

OAE Lebanon

AAoD Denmark

IAP Pakistan

Leo von Klenze

SAU Urugauy

Norman Foster

Feminism in architecture

FADEA Argentina

1970

Zaha Hadid

Renzo Piano 2000

Theory and Design in the First Machine Age The Image of the City The Fountainhead Howard Roark The Future of Architecture Mon Oncle Il Posto Experiencing Architecture Mr Wiggin Sue’s (never seen) husband Doug Roberts Koyaanisqatsit The Belly of an Architect A Pattern Language Towards a New Architecture The Architecture of the City Architecture and Disjunction Frank Lloyd Wright David murphy

Metropolis

1930

The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance

A History of Architecture

Seth Pecksniff The Seven Lamps of Architecture

1905

Re-modernism

FAoA Fiji

PAM Malaysia SIoA Sri Lanka HKIoA Hong Kong Antoni Gaudí Albert Speer ASoC China Le Corbusier Frank Gehry 1890

Fuzzy Theory

KIRA S Korea

Seven lamps of Architecture

1730

Digital morphogenesis

Oppositions

AIoA Australia

RIBA Britain Louis Henri Sullivan IAB Brazil

1650

Shape Grammar

Conceptualism

IDFAoF France

NZIoA New Zealand

Thomas Rickman

CCoA Czech

OAI Luxembourg

UAR Romania IIOA India UAP Philippines

TTIA Trinidad & Tobago

SIoA Singapore

SEA Egypt

Zouka Gakkai Japan

len Campbell

UAR Russia

NIA Nigeria

BDA Germany

AIA USA

Agile Architecture

Critical Space Practice

CNddA Belgium

RAIoC Canada Telesis Edith Wharton CASCAE Spain SARP Poland

RIoA Ireland

ArchiLab Rem Koolhaas

Pattern Language

Frank Lloyd Wright MODERNISM Biomimicry Contextualism

topher Wren

2020+

PARAMETRICISM Space Syntax

NEO GOTHIC

BEAUX ARTS I.M. Pei

cture

2000

2020+

My Architect Sketches of Frank Gehry Heavy Rain Visual Acoustics The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Thinking Architecture Kem Roomhaus Small, Medium, Large, Extra-Large Eames: The Architect & The Painter The Ideal City Cathedrals of Culture

1650

THE EVOLUTION OF THE ARCHITECT:

A MAP THROUGH THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE PROFESSION

CONTENTS PAGE Chapter 3 - Evolution and beyond

PART 1 The evolution of the architect The lizard with extra sticky feet

05

Introduction

06

Chapter 1 - Origins

Methods for evolution

21

Evolve for the future, not the now

22

Hire for the future

23

Remove the silos, find what lies between

24

The origins of the profession

08

Drop the act

25

The problem with the profession

09

Question everything

26

What is silo mentality

10

Embrace change, accept evolution

27

What is evolution

11

Conclusion

28

Why must the profession evolve

12

Map of the profession: Past, Present and the Future

PART 2 Reflections

Chapter 2 -Extinction Home is safe....Right?

14

Group performance

31

A stagnating profession

15

Personal reflection

32

Evolution or adaptation

16

SWOT analysis

33

The vision

17

Letter to next year

34

The posititves and negatives of evolution

18

Bibliography

35

Perceptions of an evolving profession

19

Let me introduce you to Archi Tect. Archi Tect will accompany you through the course of the evolution of the architectural profession, past present and future.

02

THE EVOLUTION OF THE ARCHITECT A MAP THROUGH THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE PROFESSION This essay has been written in conjunction with the Professional Studies module requirements as part of the MArch 6th year course at the Manchester School of Architecture . All work in this document is my own unless stated otherwise Name : Daniel Cruse Student number: 18052731 Module: Professional studies 3 Atelier: CPU PS3 Groupwork: LAB11+1

03

3050BC

900BC

850BC

700BC

320BC

527AD

90% 70000

CLASSICAL

Elite

Vastu shastra

80% Feng Shui 60000

Established middle class

50000 Technical middle class

70%

Vitruvian module ROMAN

Political

Ornament

Vernacular

60%

New affluent workers

Economic

Vitruvius 40%

Traditional working class

30%

Hadrian

Scopas 20%

10000

Emergent service sector

Callicrates

10%

Apollodorus of Damascus

imhotep 0% 3050BC

900BC

850BC

700BC

320BC

44BC De architectura

Precariat

PART 1

527AD

800AD

Fiction Books

THE EVOLUTION OF THE ARCHITECT High Low

0

Nea Ekklesia

De Architectura

Ictinus 20000

ROMAN

50%

40000

30000

HELLENISTIC

100%

800AD

BYZANTINE

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN Royalty

Seokguram

Styles

44BC

GREEK 80000

Hripsime Church

Gungnae City Porta Maggiore Domus Aurea Colosseum Arch of Titus Alcรกntara Bridge Ponte Sant'Angelo Baths of Caracalla Dura-Europos church Nalanda Aula Palatina Mahabalipuram Basilica of Saint Martin Hagia Sophia

Pons Aemilius Pons Fabricius

Takshashila, Erechtheion

Parthenon

Persepolis

Earliest Greek temple built

Stonehenge

Pyramids

CHANGES IN TECHNOLOGY

ARCHITECTS SOCIAL STATUS

NUMBER OF ARCHITECTS IN THE UK

Architecture projects

THE LIZARD WITH EXTRA STICKY FEET

Image

Architects are an endangered species (Etherington, 2011) and if the architect was a small fluffy animal an appeal would be covering TV screens across the world, habitats lost, hunting grounds sparse and continuous threat from circling predators. In this discussion of extinction vs evolution, the Architect should look to Florida’s native green lizard: hold on hear me out. When their environments were threatened by invasive cousins, the green lizard made the move abandoning the lower branches of the tree and ventured forth to the treetops.

Up there, the limbs are thinner and smoother, so the green lizards’ bodies had to adapt to the environmental shift, and fast. The Green lizard was gripped in a battle for survival in the food chain, and had to decide, whether to abandon what is known and venture forth into uncertainty, or stay still wherein finding opportunities for food and shelter are increasingly more limited. Much like the Green Lizard, Architects must decide whether to stay in their predefined silos or venture forth and discover what lies between a new world of exploration and evolution for the profession. Without this exploration and evolution, the small fluffy animal that is the Architect will surely perish. The time to fight for the survival of the profession is upon us.

Figure 01 - The lizard with extra sticky feet

We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender – Winston Churchill

05

INTRODUCTION

If the Architect and the architecture profession has any hopes to survive the tumultuous times that lay ahead, then the Architect must be like the Florida Green Lizard. Able and willing to adapt, fearless to the extreme and above all else the Architect must not be opposed to change (Rubin, 2015). Evolution of the Architect has the potential to not only restructure the Architecture profession but to redefine the future of the construction industry. Architects have reached an important crossroad in the profession, where at present they must decide whether to continue along the current road of familiarity or turn and take a new road of exploration (see figure 02). The road travelled has seen recessions, the need for architects at an all-time low and the prices for architectural services continuously driven down.

(Bernstein 2018). Moreover, architects are at risk of having the choice taken out of their hands if they do not react with any urgency. The discussion of the evolution of architects and the architecture profession has not been more relevant than it Is today. With a stationary construction industry, uncertain futures and a profession suffering from a crisis in confidence (Shubow, 2018), embracing evolution will re-establish the field of architecture, provide answers and clarity and encourage future architects.

This essay provides the first map through the evolution of the architect past, present and the future of the profession.

By mapping the evolution of the architect, throughout time it will provide clarity of what went wrong and where. Aiming to provide a series of methods for evolving a profession.

?

FAMIL

IARIT

Y

N RATIO EXPLO

? ? ? ? ?

Figure 02 - Cross roads of the profession

06

?

850BC

700BC

700BC

320BC 44BC

CLASSICAL

Political

Ictinus Scopas

320BC 44BC

527AD

GREEK HELLENISTIC Vitruvian module

ROMAN

BYZANTINE

Ornament

Gungnae City Porta Maggiore Domus Aurea Colosseum Arch of Titus Alcรกntara Bridge Ponte Sant'Angelo Baths of Caracalla Dura-Europos church Nalanda Aula Palatina Mahabalipuram Basilica of Saint Martin Hagia Sophia

Pons Aemilius Pons Fabricius

Takshashila, Erechtheion

Parthenon

527AD 800AD

Vitruvius

Hadrian

Economic

1100

De Architectura

ular

1100

Fiction Books Movies Games CHAPTER 1 ORIGINS

Suger

Callicrates

1450 1600

GOTHIC

ROMANESQUE

Filippo Brunelleschi

Leonardo da Vinci

William of Sens Michelangelo Mimar Sinan

Apollodorus of Damascus

1450 1600

Sant'Agnese

Allahverdi Khan Bridge San Carlino Taj Mahal

Piazza del Campidoglio La Rotonda

St. Peter's Basilica

Forbidden City

Cologne Cathedral St. Augustine's Monastery

Qutb Minar

Akhtala Monastery Aachen Cathedral Peterborough Cathedral Brihadisvara Temple St Albans Cathedral

Nea Ekklesia

Seokguram

Hripsime Church

Styles 800AD

The Four Books of Architecture

900BC 850BC

De architectura

900BC

Persepolis

Earliest Greek temple built

Stonehenge

tecture projects 165

RENAISSANCE Elizab

BAROQUE

Mathematics in Architectur

De re aedificatoria

Inigo Jones

Giorgio Vasari

Theori Christoph

Five Orders of Architecture

Leon Battista Alberti Colen

Andrea Palladio

In 165

THE ORIGINS OF THE PROFESSION

Image

Previously, architects were trained informally without established guidelines or standards through reading, apprenticeship, self-study and by pushing the limits of what was possible. The fundamental purpose for the architecture profession evolved from a need to mediate between practitioners and the culture in which they practice (Kostof, 1977). Kostof states that historically the architect has positioned one’s self within social hierarchy dependant on cultural differences as well as shifts in notions about the architect’s technical expertise.

Kostof also argues that the Architect is governed by the historic conditions of practice. (Kostof, 1977) The architect has the unique ability to position one’s self within the constructs of social, cultural and technological shifts in society. From the first architect to Victorian society, the fluctuation of cultural patterns formulated opportunities for architects to set the bar on standings within society. However, the fluctuations in paradigms of the architecture profession are slow as Gwendolyn Wright states, women architects find themselves on the lower reaches of the social pyramid due to the influence from the Victorian idealisation of a women’s place within society. The lack of evolution between idealisations and the professional development of the architect is worrisome.

Figure 03 - Architecture of the past

08

THE PROBELM WITH THE PROFESSION

SOCIAL SCIENCE OR APPLIED PRACTICE

The problems within the architecture profession are well known. The troubles range from the matter of low compensation, little job security, to the increasing dilemma of deciding whether to be a social science or an applied occupation. (Tijerino, 2019) Although it may appear as if these troubles are recent developments, that is not the case, as these issues are present from the outset even if it’s not that clear. The profession has been mired with the same predicaments for well over 100 years.

(Tijerino, 2019) As a profession that historically can be linked to the impact on the built environment for 1000s of years, the evolution of the profession has been relatively slow. While technologies, styles and ideas have evolved, the fundamentals of the profession are not that different from what they were historically. (Stanton 2019) Moreover, small ‘design led’ practices will face increasingly more strenuous competition from larger multidisciplinary practices and must learn how to integrate technology and new ideas into more traditional fundamentals. (Fulcher, 2011) However, with the rapid emergence of available technologies, and the increased integration of technology into the profession, the role of the architects changing faster than ever before. (Stanton, 2019)

INCREASED COMPETITION

? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ??

LITTLE JOB SECURITY

ADVANCEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY

?

POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES

Figure 04 - Problems with the profession

Architecture Has A Serious Problem Today Rem Koolhaas, 2016

09

LOWER COMPENSATION

WHAT IS SILO MENTALITY ?

Architecture and architects are one of many professions that have fallen into a silo mentality.

Working within a silo mentality is an organisation, a team or an industry working closely together but not sharing information. (Hughes, 2016) The closed group and silo mentality challenges a business’s ability to coordinate, innovate and above all else evolve (Durig, 2019). There are four key beliefs to why working in silos is beneficiary to a profession; (see Figure 05) The statements in Figure 05 perfectly describe the issues surrounding the architect.

The profession has become more about an “I know more than you attitude” and less about the fundamentals that make architects an invaluable piece of the construction process. If architects are going to evolve to the future, we as architects need to shift the focus from certainty to curiosity, from belonging to sharing a greater purpose, from fear and scarcity to confidence and from lack of control to focusing on the ability to respond. (Durig, 2019) With this shift in mentality’s, the architect can venture forth and discover what lies between the silos, McRae believes that the future architect will be a ‘one stop shop’ for design, value creation, construction, and the delivery of projects. (McRae, 2018)

This leads to the discussion about the term “architect” with many seeing it as a profession based on exclusivity.

Instead we may see rises in creative consultants, creative agencies and design houses which have more flexibility in moving with market shifts, adopting technology and focusing on design thinking. (McRae, 2018) While the name may change, responsibilities may expand and technology may hold an increasingly more pivotal role in the way in which work is carried out, but the fundamentals of the architect’s responsibility will remain the same. (McRae, 2018)

FEAR/ SCARCITY

BELONGING OR SHARED PURPOSE

KNOWLEDGE AND CERTAINTY

Figure 05 - Silo mentality leads to isolation

10

LACK OF CONTROL

WHAT IS EVOLUTION ?

The Oxford English Dictionary defines Evolution as: The way in which living things change and develop over millions of years or the gradual process of change and development. Oxford English dictionary, 2020) Evolution is an odd game: man took millions of years to stand straight, walk tall, communicate, hunt and to build shelter, yet it took man only a few hundred years to almost exhaust the resources of the planet. (Basics, 2020) The time scale in which evolution occurs is accelerated by extinction events. Extinction events in the long-term increase speed, in which evolution occurs by increasing the species ability to evolve. If extinction events indiscriminately extinguish many ways of life, they may indirectly enhance the ability for other species to expand rapidly through vacated niches. (Lehman, 2015) With the increased emergence of available technologies and artificial intelligence threatening to eliminate many professions in the next 10 years, will it take an extinction event to give architects the ability to rapidly expand or will architects form part of the next extinction event?

Figure 06 - The evolution of the architect

11

WHY DOES THE ARCHITECT NEED TO EVOLVE? A Lion chasing down a gazelle, a band of Vikings brandishing weapons descending upon a small village, a loan shark confronting a destitute borrower: in each of these three scenarios one party seeks to gain at the expense of the other.

(Heinberg, 2018) In the first scenario most would without hesitation classify it as predator vs prey. Is it possible to use the predator-prey relationships among a wide array of differing species in nature as an analogy. This will create an understanding of the complex behaviours within the construction industry, where some professions gain at the expense of the architect. The architect is now faced with more competition than ever before with multi-disciplinary practices, contractors and consultancy firms circling around the architect ready to gain at the expense of the profession; thus, the predator has become the prey. The number of professions circling around the architect will only increase and will get to a point where others will have nothing left to gain and the architect will be left behind, that is why the architect must evolve.

MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONSULTANCY FIRMS CONTRACTORS

Figure 07 - The predator has become the prey

98% of everything that is built and designed today is pure sh*t. - Frank Gehry

12

ARCHITECTS

527AD

800AD

1100

Vitruvian module ROMAN

al

Ornament

1650

1600

RENAISSANCE

1730

1890 Thomas Jefferson

ART NEU

ROCOCO

GOTHIC

Elizabeth Wilbraham

ROMANESQUE

Modulor

BAROQUE

Theories E

BEAUX

Mathematics in Architecture

NEOCLASSICISM

Func

De re aedificatoria De Architectura

CHAPTER[1] CHAPTER[2] ORIGINS EXTINCTION

Economic

White House United States Capitol Royal Pavilion St. Pancras

Christ Church, Spitalfields Nuruosmaniye Mosque St Clement's Church

Potala Palace St Paul's Cathedral

Sant'Agnese Les Invalides

Allahverdi Khan Bridge San Carlino Taj Mahal

Piazza del Campidoglio La Rotonda

1450

BYZANTINE

HELLENISTIC

St. Peter's Basilica

Forbidden City

Cologne Cathedral St. Augustine's Monastery

Qutb Minar

Akhtala Monastery Aachen Cathedral Peterborough Cathedral Brihadisvara Temple St Albans Cathedral

Nea Ekklesia

Seokguram

Styles

44BC

GREEK

Parlante

Inigo Jones

Frank Lloyd Wrigh

Giorgio Vasari

Biomim

Filippo Brunelleschi

Edith Wharton SARP P

Christopher Wren

RIoA Ireland

Ictinus

AIA USA AAoD

Zouk

Leon Battista Alberti

UAR Leonardo da Vinci

Hadrian

Scopas

SA

BNA Dutch

Five Orders of Architecture

Vitruvius

Colen Campbell

Institut

U

Leo von Klenze

William of Sens Michelangelo

Thomas Rickman

Mimar Sinan Suger

RIBA Britain Louis H

Andrea Palladio

Callicrates Apollodorus of Damascus

Seven lamps of Arc

Antoni Gaud

Le Corb

527AD

800AD

1100

1450

Fiction Books Movies Games

1600

CHAPTER 2 EXTINCTION

1650

1730

1890

Seth Pecksniff The Seven Lamps of Architecture

44BC

The Four Books of Architecture

320BC De architectura

00BC

Hripsime Church

Gungnae City Porta Maggiore Domus Aurea Colosseum Arch of Titus Alcรกntara Bridge Ponte Sant'Angelo Baths of Caracalla Dura-Europos church Nalanda Aula Palatina Mahabalipuram Basilica of Saint Martin Hagia Sophia

Pons Aemilius Pons Fabricius

Takshashila, Erechtheion

320BC

A History of Architecture

00BC

Parthenon

Persepolis

jects

HOME IS SAFE... RIGHT?

Home is the safest place in the world to most people, the place where you feel a sense of belonging, familiarity and comfort. But what are the effects when your home becomes too safe? When you leave less and less through fear of change, uncertainty and through a lack of curiosity? You start to lose your desire for exploration, the curiosity that drives one to a new intellectual inquisitiveness. This is the issue that manifests itself within the architecture profession. Many architects have found a safe haven within the fundamentals of traditional architecture and have lost the desire for exploration that would force architects of the past out of the front door of their metaphorical homes and into the world of intellectual inquisitiveness. Uncertainty and unknowns that have caged architects can be the key to the evolution of the profession. As Director J.J. Abrams states, mystery is a catalyst for imagination; curiosity, potential, possibility and hope can all originate from mystery. (Wright, 2016) Now at this point in the essay you may be asking yourself how this relates the evolution of the architect, but it correlates directly. Architects are creatives in a profession propelled by creativity, imagination and problem solving. Asking questions is the first process of any design.

Questions identify gaps in knowledge and understanding and bridge the development of understanding to enable architects to venture forth from what they currently know, towards an evolved profession focused on the fundamentals of creativity and exploration. (Hall, 2016) Maybe it’s time to question the everyday, and engage in discussions with the inspiring thinkers, and risk takers within and beyond our profession.

FAMILIARITY

FEAR

COMFORT

LACK OF CONTROL

Figure 08 - The issues with becoming to comfortable

14

THE STAGNATING PROFESSION The best and brightest architecture graduates are being lured away to greener pastures of start-up companies, with even less incentive to become qualified when leaving the profession. (Deutsch, 2019) The need for licensing is to protect society from unqualified practitioners and provide a guarantee of safety and quality. Studies show that Generation Z are less likely to become licensed professionals, with a focus on the ability to transition between roles and not be limited by titles.

If we combine the current entrepreneurial culture, demographics, the emergence of new technologies and new work processes we are left with not only a stagnant architecture profession, but one at risk of extinction. (Deutsch, 2019) To understand why architects are at risk of extinction, we must delve deeper into the education of future architects.

Currently prospective architects are stuck within academic traditions, which puzzlingly, continue to this day despite the constant fluctuation in economic, cultural and political situations, that architecture is supposed to aid. (Deamer, 2019)

Previously architects were trained informally without established academic principles, guideline or standards through reading, apprenticeships self-study allowing architects of the past, to push the limits of what is known and unveil a world of exploration and intellectual inquisitiveness. So what went wrong? With the formulation of professional bodies, codes and set regulatory standards , how do we not have the high ground among other construction industry professionals? Is this the clearest indication that there needs to be a vast overhaul of the way architects are educated and prepared to enter the world of professionalism.

HOLOGRAMS ARE GREAT BUT I DON’T SEE ANY PRETTY PICTURES?

Figure 09 - A crit in an architecture school everywhere

The evolution of the practice has been relatively slow; while technologies and styles have evolved, the fundamentals today are not all that different than they were historically. Cohen, 2005

15

M RM RR UR

EVOLUTION OR ADAPTATION ?

....

....

The architecture profession has been digitised increasingly since the mainstream introduction of computer aided design software’s such as CAD in the 1980s. (Bernstein, 2019) We as a profession are entering a second decade of the 21st century, where machine learning and big data are emergent technologies at the forefront of the second machine age. (Bernstein, 2019) Richard Susskind argues that once machines can do knowledge work, then there will be no real purpose for professions as we currently know them to exist. (Bernstein, 2019) At this point in time the architect has one of two options: the first option being to adapt to the current technological shift and formulate new ways in which to educate future architects and new ways in which to work, the second option is that the architect will evolve to formulate a new profession. It will be vitally important to ensure that collaboration with those who are thinking about the future and facilitating new ways of working, researching, innovating and exchanging knowledge, giving this new unnamed profession the ability to move and shift with social, economic and political fluctuations. (Derbyshire, 2019) The choice that is made will shape the profession for the foreseeable future and has the potential to be a defining moment in the history of the architect.

I DON’T NEED ARCHITECTS ANYMORE MY AI WILL DO EVERYTHING

$ $

Figure 10 - Technology cannot replace design thinking

16

THE VISION

Previous RIBA presidents Jane Duncan and Ben Derbyshire have been strong supporters for a new professionalism, which have included the endorsement of 6 projects all with varying degrees of progress. (Curtis, 2019) This is all well and good; however, the visions of the RIBA are vague and rigid leaving little to no room for adaptation or review over time. Many architects work in the same way, complying with their practices predefined visions, which in many cases will be obsolete in the coming years. Again there will be little to no review of these visons. The problem with the visions of institutions such as RIBA and architectural practices, is that no matter how unique they may seem or how cutting edge they may appear, they lack scope and ironically vision. The lack of vision has spread and manifested itself throughout the whole profession, causing the whole architecture profession to appear motionless, susceptible and weak. Furthermore, the issues that arise from an inactive profession are professionals that are expected to tread water and not ask questions. As I mentioned previously , asking questions is fundamental to creativity, so by passively following the ‘leader’, architects are at risk of losing their creativity.

Creativty is the sole attribute that separates man from machine, and in a world where professions will be increasingly lost due to emergent technologies, nurturing our creativity is a priority in the survival of the profession.

COMPANY VISION & GUIDELINES

Figure 11 - Dont let company visions and guidelines limit creativty

17

POSTITVES AND NEGATIVES OF EVOLUTION Evolution is a complicated process that requires multiple mutations of the same species repeatedly.

There is no one guarantee that one mutation will survive over the other, there is almost an element of pure randomness to the process. Unfortunately, most mutations are deleterious, if not fatal. The probability of a mutation becoming advantageous is very rare and would require a time scale of even the largest estimates of the age of the universe.

(Behan, 2006) Architecture as a profession is not forbidden by the laws of physics, chemistry or biology, but the evolution of the profession follows the same rules as that of those observed in nature. For the profession to evolve, there needs to be several mutations of new professions - all of which originate from architecture. Just like in nature, not every mutation will be advantageous to the profession: many experimentations will fail, but out of all the failed mutations an act of sheer randomness will occur, and a profession will be established. Resulting in one that combines the best fundamentals of architecture and other construction industry professions into one and it will thrive.

If we as architects let fear of failure halt the progression of the evolution of the profession, then we will be left behind in a world with no need for egotistical dinosaurs.

Architects that embrace evolution will prosper, but only if the whole profession embraces it.

TIME NEEDED

INNOVATION

MUTATION SUCCESS

DISCOVERY

RANDOMNESS

NUMBER OF EXPERIMENTS

EVOLVED PROFESSION

NOT ALL ARCHITECTS WILL MAKE IT

CROSS-PROFESSION COLLABORATION

RISK

NON-BIAS

Figure 12 - The positives and negatives of evolution

18

EXPLORATION

PERCEPTIONS OF AN EVOLVING PROFESSION The perception of architects have negative connotations within both the public eye and the construction industry. However, change in architecture as a profession is seen with just as many negative connotations by architects themselves. A “Deep State” has presented itself within the profession ,with architects convinced that the fundamentals of the past are still relevant today and any change or variance to these fundamentals is disrupting the status quo.

(Dickinson, 2018) The Western Canyon society of academia, media, and fine arts culture states “ The Canyon does not tolerate change as it endangers the validity of those who live through and by the Canon” (Bloom, 1994) As architecture shares many theoretical similarities within literature, philosophy, and fine art it is not unwise to assume that the architecture profession believe change endangers the validity of architects. (Dickinson, 2018) The perception that change de-values the architect and removes the validity of the profession is false.

With an ageing architecture profession and an estimated rise in demand for architects by 4% over the next ten years, there has never been a more prevalent time for architecture graduates to embrace change and develop the fundamentals of the profession for an evolving world.

(Baker, 2018)

TH A YO T JU U S MP HO ER UL SM D E IT CHA LLS NG E

ISN’T TH AT THE S AM JUMPER YOU HAD E IN 1997?

Figure 13 - If its broken fix it

Architecture sits on a tipping point that demands that we change how we work individually and as a profession - Johar, 2019

19

HELD MPER IS THAT JU ER WITH TOGETH S ISN’T IT THREAD HANGE? RAC TIME FO

NGED AVE CHA TIMES H ICK TO OLD ST SO WHY TRENDS? IO FASH N

Wuhan Greenland Center

Shanghai Tower

Beijing National Stadium Burj Khalifa

Gherkin

Jewish Museum Petronas Towers

Lloyd's building

CN Tower

World Trade Center

Unité d'habitation

Fallingwater

Barcelona Pavilion

Fagus Factory

Robie House

Philadelphia City Hall

White House United States Capitol Royal Pavilion St. Pancras

Christ Church, Spitalfields Nuruosmaniye Mosque St Clement's Church

Potala Palace St Paul's Cathedral

Sant'Agnese Les Invalides

Social ries Environmental Technology nstitutions 1730

1890 Thomas Jefferson

1905 1930 1970 Post Post-Modernism Architectural analytics ART NEUVEAU Form Follows Function

ROCOCO

lizabeth Wilbraham

Modulor

UE

POST MODERNISM Critical regionalism

Rationalism

Athens Charter

ART DECO Lebbeus Woods Determinism Functionalism

NEOCLASSICISM

CIAM

Parlante

Phenomenology

SAIA South Africa

BNA Dutch

e

AAoD Denmark

OAE Lebanon

IAP Pakistan

Conceptualism

IDFAoF France

SAU Urugauy

RIBA Britain Louis Henri Sullivan IAB Brazil

Norman Foster

Feminism in architecture

FADEA Argentina

1970

Zaha Hadid

Renzo Piano 2000

Theory and Design in the First Machine Age The Image of the City The Fountainhead Howard Roark The Future of Architecture Mon Oncle Il Posto Experiencing Architecture Mr Wiggin Sue’s (never seen) husband Doug Roberts Koyaanisqatsit The Belly of an Architect A Pattern Language Towards a New Architecture The Architecture of the City Architecture and Disjunction Frank Lloyd Wright David murphy

1930

Metropolis

1905

The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance

A History of Architecture

Seth Pecksniff The Seven Lamps of Architecture

1890

Re-modernism

FAoA Fiji

PAM Malaysia SIoA Sri Lanka HKIoA Hong Kong Antoni Gaudí Albert Speer ASoC China Le Corbusier Frank Gehry

1730

Fuzzy Theory

KIRA S Korea

Seven lamps of Architecture

1650

Digital morphogenesis

Oppositions

AIoA Australia

NZIoA New Zealand

Thomas Rickman

Shape Grammar

OAI Luxembourg

UAR Romania IIOA India

Leo von Klenze

CCoA Czech

SIoA Singapore

SEA Egypt

UAP Philippines

TTIA Trinidad & Tobago

NIA Nigeria

Zouka Gakkai Japan

olen Campbell

UAR Russia

CHAPTER[1] CHAPTER[2] CHAPTER[3] ORIGINS EVOLUTION AND BEYOND EXTINCTION

BDA Germany

AIA USA

Agile Architecture

Critical Space Practice

CNddA Belgium

RAIoC Canada Telesis Edith Wharton CASCAE Spain SARP Poland

RIoA Ireland

ArchiLab Rem Koolhaas

Pattern Language

Frank Lloyd Wright MODERNISM Biomimicry Contextualism

stopher Wren

2020+

PARAMETRICISM Space Syntax

NEO GOTHIC

BEAUX ARTS I.M. Pei

ecture

2000

My Architect Sketches of Frank Gehry Heavy Rain Visual Acoustics The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Thinking Architecture Kem Roomhaus Small, Medium, Large, Extra-Large Eames: The Architect & The Painter The Ideal City Cathedrals of Culture

1650

2020+

CHAPTER 3

EVOLUTION AND BEYOND

METHODS FOR EVOLUTION

As mentioned previously, evolution is not a straightforward process: it’s a complex combination of cognitive factors and pure randomness, and above all else, requires willingness. The problems that present themselves within the profession has demonstrated the need for the architecture profession to evolve. In the face of uncertainty, relevance and increased pressure, evolution stimulates an incentive for creativity and critical thinking which seems to have been lost in recent years. Evolution has the potential to lead to advances in, not only architecture, but also the entire construction industry. For architects to benefit from the evolution of the profession, they need to be consistent, brave and above all else, willing to change. It will take architects accepting that they do not hold all the knowledge, power or status that they once held within society as well as the construction industry. Only then will the architect see the world and industry they practice in, changing around them. The future is now, and architects are slow to realise that it’s a keep up or get out of the way industry.

OTHER PROFESSIONS In this chapter I will introduce 6 methods for the evolution of the architect and the architectural profession, each of these methods will benefit the adoption of evolution within architecture. These methods will aim to respond to and resolve some of the issues raised in the previous chapters.

In the quest of regaining relevance and empowerment, the evolution of the professsion must take precedent .

ITECTS H C R A ROLES Figure 14 - Leave the box of marginalisation and explore the world outside

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EVOLVE FOR THE FUTURE, NOT THE NOW Architects need to reclaim their relevance in an ever changing, fast paced world, but the key issue with most current attempts at reclaiming relevance, is they plan for now and not the future. We need to future proof the profession, so that when the world changes the profession can respond. Professions are identified by a label: architects have become so worried about the status of the label, the power it holds and clinging onto outdated titles, that they have neglected to see the labels are actually the things restricting them. To truly evolve, the architect needs to forget about protecting labels and more about protection of the profession. A lot of time and effort is exhausted by the RIBA and other institutions trying to revive the architecture profession, through the implementation of further guidelines and reports but the truth of the matter is, by the time these “revolutionary” policies are published they are already out of date. RIBA and other governing institutions need to focus less on producing guidelines for now further restricting the profession, and more time empowering the architect. By protecting the label “architect” as strenuously as they do, it limits the people who are able to work in the profession and ultimately limiting the profession itself.

ARCHITECT

Figure 15 - A label does not replace an identity

Those who fail to learn are doomed to repeat the mistakes of the past - Winston Churchill

22

HIRE FOR THE FUTURE

The second method for evolving the architect is to hire for the future. For almost 200 years architects have worked in the era of hand drawings. (Baker, 2018) However, within the next 10 to 20 years the era will transition again, from the age of technology to the age of data. Currently, architects who are adopting new technologies and ways of working will be leaders of the industry within the next 20 years, as a result practices need to hire for the future. It’s more than pretty pictures: graduates entering the architecture profession need to be more advanced and aware of computational design, coding languages and systems design. The future architect will be multi-disciplinary, balancing between architecture and a computer scientist whilst merging the use of big data and design thinking. Moreover, the entrance level subjects required to study architecture will change with coding, environmental studies, psychology and statistics sitting alongside maths and art. (Baker, 2018) This is all inevitable, so why not act now and why wait for the natural progression of paradigm shifts? The architectural education system must adapt to be in line with the era of data revolution.

Practices should look outside of architecture when considering new employees, there are a number of different professions that can benefit the architecture profession. Marketing, programmers, computer scientists and entrepreneurs to name a few. Practices need to hire differently than ever before and hiring from outside of the profession - plus an overhaul of the education system can be the key to the evolution of the profession.

Figure 16 - Stand out from the crowd

23

REMOVE THE SILOS, FIND WHAT LIES BETWEEN To break the silo mentality that has been controlling the way in which architects practice, architects must shift from certainty to curiosity. (Durig, 2019) Silos by their very definition are discrete areas wherein people work together under a common purpose to develop expertise that adds value to the greater organisational vision. (Durig, 2019) Breaking down the silo mentality requires having the same expertise but combined with beliefs and insights from other professions that can be complimentary.

(Durig, 2019) That is why architects should always be curious to new ideas and different perspectives, to explore the possibilities that may exist. A curious mentality of openness and exploration allows for architects to collaborate and create value not only within our own profession but with professions outside of architecture. Throughout history most of the breakthrough discoveries and revolutionary inventions, from the wheel to self- driving cars, all have a common link: they are the results of exploration.

The basic need to seek new knowledge and experiences and explore novel possibility’s is a basic human characteristic (Martinez, 2009) The biggest challenge architects face currently, is fear and certainty, the fear of the unknown and the comfortability of certainty, the answer to removing silos and empower the architect lies within exploration.

Figure 17 - Bridge the silos and find what lies between them

24

DROP THE ACT

Architects and architecture are hurting there is no denying that, unless you are of course an architect.

But there comes a point where an architects ego causes a fearful ignorance to the difficulties around the profession. Many architects assume that they are the smartest ones in the room and to an extent they would be right, but no one person knows everything and as much as architect would like to think so they do not possess all the knowledge or skills to complete projects on their own. To evolve the profession, architects, need to work with others and use their knowledge in better ways to complete projects more efficiently. Everything isn’t okay within the profession and if you ask any architect about the issues they face, you will more than likely get the same answer. It is possibly the greatest shame that the publics perception of the architect is so poor often constrained to the cliché; notions of black polo neck wearing elitist with eccentric glasses, this is the perception of the very people who architects are supposed to represent.

(Curtis, 2019)

To truly evolve the architect needs to drop the act, hang up the turtle necks – okay you can keep your turtle necks – change their mind about collaborative working and change the mindset of being too proud to realise that architects as a profession will not survive without the effective utalisation of other professions.

Is everything okay?

Figure 18 - Dont be too proud to ask for help

25

QUESTION EVERYTHING

At what ages do we stop questioning and begin to accept what we are being told; Architects of all people must understand the importance that questions hold within the profession. A creative person is by nature a questioner, many problems arise from making assumptions. If you assume you think you know, when in reality, there may be many aspects that you do not know. Question destroys assumptions and opens up new possibilities to new undiscovered territory. (Judkins, 2013) The development of a child is formed through questions - Q: why can I not touch the fire? A: you will be burnt – so why is it that people feel embarrassment when asking questions, it goes back to the old saying, “no question is a stupid question” and when it comes to personal and educational development, we should question everything. It is assumed by many that asking questions is a sign of weakness, but how are architects meant to evolve or develop without asking questions. Architects need to initiate discussions with industry leaders, creative thinkers and entrepreneurs, asking questions of how and why they practice the way they do in order to learn, develop and evolve the role and profession of the architect.

? ??

?

Figure 19 - Be a child, ask questions

26

?

?

? ?

EMBRACE CHANGE, ACCEPT EVOLUTION Architects need to embrace change and the evolution of the profession will follow. However, overcoming the fear of change is difficult and for a profession still practicing with fundamentals developed in times gone by, change is not always well received. Case in point: a study conducted had a group of people view two paintings of similar genres, one painted in 1905 and the other from 2005. The 1905 painting was deemed to be much more aesthetically pleasing. We like what has been around for a while, it brings comfort in the form of familiarity. That’s the obvious reason we don’t like change, but its more than that, change brings uncertainty. (Mautz, 2017) But the benefits that follow change have the potential to shape the future of the profession and architects need to embrace new ideas, new perspectives and new approaches to design thinking. Architecture demands a systematic redesign of the profession and related organisations; Architecture is on the verge of a paradigm shift and when it happens there will be no back to normal. (Johar, 2019) The uncertainty that is holding the profession back, has the potential to shape the future of the profession.

Figure 20 - Welcome change with open arms

27

THE MAP OF THE PROFESSION This essay provides the first map through the evolution of the past, present and future of the architect and the architecture profession.

Mapping the profession has been a useful task in understanding trends, changes and most importantly the evolution of the profession. From the earliest know master-builders to present day ‘starchitects’ the path leading from one to the other is defined. However, there are clear patterns that emerge from this time-line, one of which being the introduction of professional institutions and governing bodies has impeded the progress and exploration made by architects. It is no coincidence that since the introduction of professional bodies and institutions that architectural styles have not evolved as they previously had, and there seems to be a lack of urgency about developing a new style of working. it Is easy to see the intended purpose of the architect, a profession that has the unique ability to position within the constructs of social, cultural and technological shifts in society However, somewhere along the development of the profession the exploration, curiosity and willingness to change and evolve stopped and the maintenance of the status quo took precedent over innovation.

This map highlights the urgency of pressing matters within the architecture profession; moreover, the marginalisation and devaluation of the role of the architect that continues to threaten the very existence of the profession. An issue that requires all architects to be part of the solution, as it could soon be too late. Architects need to open up their silos, discover what lies between, initiating the conversations with those outside of our profession. The purpose of this map is to initiate discussions between architects, the wider construction industry and critical thinkers. The hopes are that this map provokes change, the hope is that this map begins discussions, the hope is that this map encourages architects to rediscovers their passion for exploration and creativity, this map hopes to establish the foundations for the evolution of the profession.

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90% Elite

CLASSICAL

Vastu shastra

80% Feng Shui

50000 Technical middle class

Political

Ornament

New affluent workers

Traditional working class Emergent service sector

Economic

Christopher Wren

RIoA Ireland

700BC

320BC

44BC

527AD

800AD

Colen Campbell

Suger

1100

1450

Fiction Books Movies Games 01

Wuhan Greenland Center

Shanghai Tower

Beijing National Stadium Burj Khalifa

Gherkin

Jewish Museum Petronas Towers

Lloyd's building

CN Tower

World Trade Center

Unité d'habitation

Fallingwater

SAU Urugauy

RIBA Britain Louis Henri Sullivan IAB Brazil

1600

Norman Foster

1730

1890

1905

Shape Grammar

1930

Digital morphogenesis

Oppositions

Fuzzy Theory

KIRA S Korea

Re-modernism

FAoA Fiji

Feminism in architecture

FADEA Argentina

Seven lamps of Architecture

1650

CCoA Czech

Conceptualism

PAM Malaysia SIoA Sri Lanka HKIoA Hong Kong Antoni Gaudí Albert Speer ASoC China Le Corbusier Frank Gehry

Andrea Palladio

TTIA Trinidad & Tobago

OAI Luxembourg

AIoA Australia

Michelangelo

Mimar Sinan

UAR Russia

SIoA Singapore

IDFAoF France

NZIoA New Zealand

Thomas Rickman

Agile Architecture

Critical Space Practice

Pattern Language

IAP Pakistan

SEA Egypt

UAP Philippines

ArchiLab Rem Koolhaas

NIA Nigeria

BDA Germany

Leo von Klenze

William of Sens

0% 850BC

OAE Lebanon

Zouka Gakkai Japan

Leonardo da Vinci

PARAMETRICISM Space Syntax

CNddA Belgium

UAR Romania IIOA India

Apollodorus of Damascus 900BC

Barcelona Pavilion

SAIA South Africa

AIA USA

Leon Battista Alberti

Callicrates

10%

Phenomenology

RAIoC Canada Telesis Edith Wharton CASCAE Spain SARP Poland

AAoD Denmark

Hadrian

Scopas

Athens Charter

Frank Lloyd Wright MODERNISM Biomimicry Contextualism

Inigo Jones

Vitruvius

30%

Fagus Factory

CIAM

Parlante

2020+

POST MODERNISM Critical regionalism

Rationalism

ART DECO Lebbeus Woods Determinism Functionalism

NEOCLASSICISM

BNA Dutch

40%

Robie House

Philadelphia City Hall

White House United States Capitol Royal Pavilion St. Pancras

Christ Church, Spitalfields Nuruosmaniye Mosque St Clement's Church

Potala Palace St Paul's Cathedral

Sant'Agnese Les Invalides

Allahverdi Khan Bridge San Carlino Taj Mahal

Piazza del Campidoglio La Rotonda

St. Peter's Basilica

Forbidden City

Cologne Cathedral St. Augustine's Monastery

Qutb Minar

Nea Ekklesia

Akhtala Monastery Aachen Cathedral Peterborough Cathedral Brihadisvara Temple St Albans Cathedral

Mathematics in Architecture

2000

NEO GOTHIC

BEAUX ARTS I.M. Pei

Five Orders of Architecture

3050BC

High Low

Modulor

BAROQUE

Filippo Brunelleschi

De architectura

Precariat

1905 1930 1970 Post Post-Modernism Architectural analytics ART NEUVEAU Form Follows Function

ROCOCO

Giorgio Vasari

imhotep 0

1890 Thomas Jefferson

Elizabeth Wilbraham

ROMANESQUE

De Architectura

20% 10000

1730

De re aedificatoria

Ictinus 20000

GOTHIC

Vernacular

60%

1650

RENAISSANCE

50%

40000

30000

70%

ROMAN

1600

A History of Architecture

Established middle class

Vitruvian module

Social Theories Environmental Technology Institutions 1450

Seth Pecksniff The Seven Lamps of Architecture

60000

1100

The Four Books of Architecture

70000

HELLENISTIC

100%

800AD

1970

Zaha Hadid

Renzo Piano 2000

My Architect Sketches of Frank Gehry Heavy Rain Visual Acoustics The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Thinking Architecture Kem Roomhaus Small, Medium, Large, Extra-Large Eames: The Architect & The Painter The Ideal City Cathedrals of Culture

527AD

BYZANTINE

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN Royalty

Seokguram

Styles

44BC

GREEK 80000

Hripsime Church

Gungnae City Porta Maggiore Domus Aurea Colosseum Arch of Titus Alcántara Bridge Ponte Sant'Angelo Baths of Caracalla Dura-Europos church Nalanda Aula Palatina Mahabalipuram Basilica of Saint Martin Hagia Sophia

Pons Aemilius Pons Fabricius

Takshashila, Erechtheion

320BC

Theory and Design in the First Machine Age The Image of the City The Fountainhead Howard Roark The Future of Architecture Mon Oncle Il Posto Experiencing Architecture Mr Wiggin Sue’s (never seen) husband Doug Roberts Koyaanisqatsit The Belly of an Architect A Pattern Language Towards a New Architecture The Architecture of the City Architecture and Disjunction Frank Lloyd Wright David murphy

700BC

Parthenon

Persepolis

850BC

Metropolis

900BC

The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance

3050BC

Earliest Greek temple built

Stonehenge

Pyramids

CHANGES IN TECHNOLOGY

ARCHITECTS SOCIAL STATUS

NUMBER OF ARCHITECTS IN THE UK

Architecture projects

2020+

PART 2 REFLECTIONS

GROUP PREFORMANCE

Strengths:

Strengths:

Illustration Research Marketing

Strong Presentation Document Formatting Business Knowledg

What I contributed?

How I would do things differently?

I was part of the business development group, as we split our proto practice into teams. Being part of this group, I had the opportunity to contribute ideas, engage in discussions and share knowledge that I had with the group. I have worked in practice over the last 4 years in various capacities, the knowledge I gained from my time in practice I was able to contribute and share with the team I was working but also in larger group discussions. I worked on Fees, Employee structure, Social responsibility, technology and our liability policy.

I would have liked to have been more vocal in the presentation, aside from answering questions from the panel I would have liked to have had an opportunity to talk about areas of the project I had completed.

In the end we decided on 4 speakers total and I have to say I agree with that decision but if I was to do it again I would have put myself forward as a speaking role during the viva.

Highlighting Strengths Supporting Weaknesses

Areas of Competence

Areas That Energise You

Networking Opportunities

Zone of Peak Performance

Benefits of Collaboration Shared Knowledge

What I gained?

Increased Meeting Productivity

Learning New Skills

Developing our proto practice was great experience, of how group dynamics work in the interest of developing an idea for the greater good of the group. It allowed me experience of how to formulate a business plan and pitch that plan to a series of investors in this instance the panel. As our group was formed of people with different backgrounds, different architecture experiences, different technical knowledge and different ateliers, I felt I was able to immerse myself in group discussions and learn from my fellow group on a whole host of different topics and subjects.

How I benefited from groupwork?

The main benefit that I will take away from the professional studies group work element of the submission was opportunity to work in team with different hierarchy’s all though in this case the roles were theoretical and had no real standing it sort of gave me an understanding of how teams are formed and functioned in the real world, this experience will allow me to go to my next workplace with an understanding of the basic team dynamics and what It means to be part of team.

What was successful?

Figure 21 - Benefits of group work

There were many elements of this module I found to be a success, but the main success I found was our groups ability to work with one another. When starting the module, I had not previously worked with a large amount of the group and was worried my voice would be lost amongst the array of different characters we had in our group. But I was happily wrong, our group functioned well, and we had a lot of fun making this submission together. Not only that but the overall effort everyone put into the end submission was great from my perspective everyone pulled their weight and no one person was

31

Improved Flexibility and Organisation Innovative Ideas

WHY I WANT TO BE AN ARCHITECT, A PERSONAL REFLECTION Throughout my architectural education, I have always questioned why I want to be an architect: was it to earn lots of money, considered within the social elite, or was it so that I could hang a degree on my wall at home? Turns out, it was none of the above reasons as to why I wanted to become an architect. It was for the adaptability of the profession that allows you to shape, not only the environments of people around you, but also the ways in which a difference in the everyday lives of society can be made. However, my passion for architecture has dwindled a lot over the last 6 years: the constant demoralisation from tutors, unrealistic deadlines, lack of sleep and above all else, the thought of entering a failing profession have all been contributions to the matter. So, why would I want to be an architect? The answer is that after all of this, I don’t and why would I want to waste my blood, sweat and tears over little compensation, unrealistic clients and more sleepless nights? I thought after my undergraduate degree that It would get better,then in my year out and now as I write this in my final year of my master’s degree; yet, those feelings still persist, and I continue to ask does it get any better? So why am I still here and why haven’t I quit to take up a comfortable design job at IKEA?

It goes back to why I wanted to become an architect in the first place – and the £60000+ of student debt – I still have those feelings and passions about making the environment we live in a better place. I still want to have the opportunity to make a change, be a part of something real, anywhere a long my 6 year journey through architecture I could have quit, could have said I’ve had enough and there were times when I can assure you I felt like it. However, if you only get one shot at life wouldn’t you want to give it the best you can, not take the easy route out, challenge yourself to be the best version of yourself. I believe that architecture gives you that opportunity and that is why I am still here, writing this essay.

1st year

2nd year

3rd year

Year out

PASSION FOR ARCHITECTURE’O’METER Figure 22 - Passion for architecture

32

5th year

6th year

Year out

SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS

Experience – For the past 4 years I have worked in different capacities for a medium sized practice, during this time I have been given increasingly more progressed roles up to the point where I have had the opportunity to run smaller jobs from stage 0 to stage 5. I feel that I was able to bring this experience to the collaborative task and give me insights for my individual essay.

Flexible – I have lived in 3 different cities in the last 4 years and although each time I move it’s a learning curve I love getting to experience new places and engrossing myself. I am happy to work anywhere in the world and would embrace the new challenge.

Advanced skills – Since joining the Complexity, Planning and Urbanism (CPU) Atelier I have been introduced to new software, theories and approaches to design.

I am now confident in aspects of computational design that previously I would not have dreamed of, I am happy that I can approach jobs and interviews with more than a portfolio, I can approach with a new mindset and a new approach to challenging design problems, which I feel separates me from the pretty drawings.

Teamwork – From working in practice, I have had to work collaboratively day to day to get projects and tasks completed, I have been working in practice full time and part time for nearly 4 years, so it is a concept I am very used to. I took the same approach to collaborative working for the Professional Studies module, I would help people complete tasks I knew I could do and they helped me in tasks where I was not as comfortable, this approach got tasks complete quicker and provided a team mentality.

WEAKNESS

THREATS

Technical knowledge – I have had experience in technical drawings through practice but have not had the same ability to learn through any of my architecture education. I don’t feel that I have a comprehensive enough knowledge to confidently solve technical drawing problems or even best practice when it comes to technical drawings. I feel that this is a vital skill for any architect and feel slightly exposed when entering the workplace for my next stage of experience.

Industry Knowledge – The Professional studies lectures have been great in providing an understanding of the construction industry as a whole as well as other professions. However, I do not feel as though if I was to pursue a career away from architecture that I have knowledge to be confident enough to make the change.

Finding the Right Fit – Finding a practice that shares the same ethos and the same passions as me can be hard, as I am interested in computational design it can be difficult to find a practice that has adopted computation.

Competition – As mentioned previously finding a practice that uses computation can be difficult, however, the competition for jobs at practices is high, so making sure I separate myself from the competition is a priority for the next stage of my career.

OPPURTUNITY

Improve Skills – I have already gained new skills throughout my masters but there is always time to diversify skills and improve on existing knowledge. Being part of the CPU atelier, I always have the chance and opportunity to learn new ways of thinking, software and theories.

Specialism – Throughout my work in practice the past 4 years I have worked on many educational projects and bids for school improvement funds this has given me an extensive knowledge of how education projects work, and the steps needed to undertake these sorts of works. This is something that I will look to improve and build up on during my next stage of experience.

STRENGTHS

OPPORTUNITYS

- EXPERIENCE - FLEXIBILITY - ADVANCED SKILLS - TEAMWORK

- IMPROVE SKILLS - DEVELOP A SPECIALISM

S 33

W

O

T

- TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE - INDUSTRY KNOWLEDGE

- FINDING THE RIGHT - COMPETITION

WEAKNESSES

THREATS

LETTER TO NEXT YEAR

When trying to think of what advice I would give to myself at the beginning of this year, it was hard to think of something I hadn’t already been told, show up to lectures, be an active member of discussions, engage in lectures, and then I thought about it, and the advice that I would give to myself is make up your own mind. It is now at the end of the PS3 module that I have realised the sole intent of the lecture series, to make your own opinions, to give you the information to be able to formulate your own stance on a series of pressing issues. When the lecture series start I sat there, listened and took notes about what the speakers were saying, however, I should have been writing down my thoughts about what they were saying, do I agree, why don’t agree, what is it about what they have said that I don’t agree with, it is only then you can understand what the speaker is talking about.

The lecture series is there to remove the rosetinted glasses and expose the real construction industry, to open up your mind, get you thinking, get you talking amongst each other. So, approach these lectures with an open mind but above all else be your own person.

Figure 23 - Take of the costume, be your own person

34

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