(Re) inventing the Narrative: Stockton

future university

[the hub] stockton transportation center stockton, ca

daniella dutcher | studio white

future university

[the hub] stockton transportation center stockton, ca

daniella dutcher | studio white

Studio Partners Lake | Flato BNIM ZGF LPA Taylor Architects mode associates Cal Poly Stacey White Ansgar Killing Alex Hirsig Brian Shields Travis Koss Amir Hossler Alyson Yiang Other Sam Rusket Ryan Yaden Future University Margarita Ku Abraham Arellano Alanna Green Anisha Shikre Claire Hohimer Erin Conner Gabrielle Werst Jess Corr Joel Foster Joyi Larasari Leeann Schmutz Lizzie Reed Niki Blinov Miles Henry Rina Fujita Royce Grundy Sarah Gustafson Aadi Sagar William Talamantes

acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude to my professor Stacey White, my classmates, my partner William Talamantes, and everyone who has generously helped us the past six months to progress the project. Without their help and contributions the work we produced would not have been possible.

contents 1_introduction 2_community overview 3_higher education 4_vision and goals 5_campus master Plan 6_the built environment 7_in reflection bibliography appendices

https://www.scpr.org/news/2013/03/25/36534/another-ca-city-heading-to-bankruptcy-court-stockt/

1_introduction

introduction

01

California plays a pivotal role in the United States. It feeds the country, drives policy (economic or otherwise), has 12% of the US population, and if it were to become its own sovereign nation, would be the fifth largest economy in the world. If we in the state are to achieve the aspirational goals that we’ve set for ourselves, both economically and environmentally, bold action will be required.

This will require full participation by all sectors, education included.

The California State University (CSU) system, is the largest system in the country, with Cal Poly holding a special place on the list of 23 campuses. CSU graduates will drive the future of California, the country, and the planet. As such, in 2020 the California State University system is considering a bold move: building a 24th campus. This studio took it on.

After six weeks of contemplating five locations throughout the state, ultimately one location was selected: Stockton, California. While potentially surprising to some, this location - specifically University Park - offers the CSU an opportunity to invest in a community when it needs it most.

project brief from Professor Stacey White

As a once great port city that served as a gateway to gold-rush destinations, Stockton has fallen in recent years to hold a certain reputation among California residents. Ranked America’s most miserable city in 2009 and 2011 by Forbes magazine, Stockton’s reputation of crime and down-trodden citizens proceed any positive conversation the city might inspire. However, despite it’s reputation, Stockton is a resilient city that is hungry to get back on its feet.

While Stockton has in large part recovered financially, there are still lingering effects when it comes to the community. There are disparities in medium income levels, educational attainment, unemployment, and home ownership rates between different racial group, a result of decades of disinvestment in South Stockton, where many residents are low income minorities.

Since Mayor Michael Tubbs election in 2016, the trajectory of the city has changed dramatically, giving the city a sense of hope. Mayor Tubbs has been dedicated to improving Stockton’s education systems, through total upheavals of the currents system, to partnering with the Gates Foundation to provide students with access to more resources.

Through the Stockton Scholars program, a $20 million grant from the California Community Foundation will provide partial scholarships for the next decade for every student who graduates from Stockton Unified School District.

Race and opportunity are so often intertwined, and these efforts are geared towards boosting the city’s economy while lifting up the residents and communities that have historically been left out and disenfranchised.

It has been nearly two decades since California has opened a new state sponsored university, with the last being CSU Channel Islands in 2002. Many neglected areas throughout California have been demanding access to higher education. In Stockton in particular, the demand has been great, as an investment in education and the community itself is needed to change the city’s narrative and circumstance.

As a studio, we have proposed the design of a new CSU campus in Stockton, CA with a goal of 15,000 full time enrolled students. This campus would facilitate the growth of Stockton’s educational and economic goals, uplifting the community and changing people’s lives. On the individual level, each project on the campus promotes catalytic change and inclusivity, while designing with the human experience and projected users in the forefront of our design thinking. As a studio, we crafted a joint master plan solution. In pairs, we designed innovative design solutions within the campus.

01

executive summary Stockton, California is located in San Joaquin County in California’s Central Valley. Stockton has been gripped by an economic crisis that has decreased the quality of life for residents. Compounding this issue, Stockton suffers from a robust school to prison pipeline, where young people are funneled towards correctional facilities rather than education. We wanted to design a campus that would be zero-net energy and resilient, while uplifting the city of Stockton both economically, socially, and physically. A twenty-fourth CSU campus in Stockton would drive economic development and recovery for the dying city, thus changing the narrative for residents. The transportation center serves as a cataylist for economic change, while linking the university and the surrounding community. image from https://www.calstateonline.net/Cal-State-Campuses

the mission of the csu is to... “advance and extend knowledge, learning, and culture, especially throughout California.”19 “encourage and provide access to an excellent education to all who are prepared for and wish to participate in collegiate study.”19 “provide public services that enrich the university and its communities.”19 “work in partnership with other California educational institutions to maximize educational opportunities for students.”19 “seek out individuals with collegiate promise who face cultural, geographical, physical, educational, financial, or personal barriers to assist them in advancing to the highest educational levels they can reach”19

01

design process and project phases Cal Poly, SLO From January until June, we have been focusing on human-centered design thinking. This process stems from the firm Ideo, and is a method to solve complex problems through the lense of community understanding. Over a twenty-two week period we have been using an iterative design process to further our projects, a process that has been grounded in introspection, research, listening, and considering the possibilities.

The process was organized as follows, with key dates listed below: 1_ researching and building understanding

Weeks 0 through 2 (2 weeks prior to the start of the quarter) 2_ understanding and planning for 5 proposed csu campuses/individual charrette

Weeks 3 and 4 3_ project narrowing and refining

stockton was selected as the final site and teams were selected

February 17 4_ catalytic project conceptual design

Weeks 5 and 6 5_ catalytic project schematic design

Weeks 7 through 11 6_ rethinking catalytic project conceptual design

Week 12 7_ rethinking catalytic project schematic design

Week 13 and 14 8_ rethinking catalytic project design development

Weeks 15 through 22

https://californiapolicycenter.org/formerly-bankrupt-stockton-is-fiscally-healthy-again-but-offers-warning-to-others/

2_community overview

02

history

Stockton is a city currently situated on the eastern part of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Around 1000BCE, a number of indigenous tribes such as the Yokuts, Valley and Sierra Miwok settled here, drawn to the area’s diversity of waterways. Their were defined by the rivers and estuaries of the delta, as they were used for both food and transportation. Nearly two millennia later, the region still attracts a plethora of people.10

During the mid 1800s, Stockton bustling town serving as a gateway for supplies needed in the nearby gold mining communities. With the end of the Gold Rush, the city turned its attention to the growth and transportation of a wide variety of agricultural products. This attracted a diverse population to Stockton, including Chinese and Mexican Americans, that have only added to the diversity and cultural heritage of the city.10

Overtime, the city began to develop into an industrial town. During the 1930s, the Port of Stockton opened as the first inland Seaport in Stockton. Ships from all over the world would arrive here, porting at the time in one the agriculturally richest parts of the country. Much of the diversity of wildlife, transportation and recreation are a result of the beautiful Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and its waterways.10

Stockton has had a very long and diverse history. The very first Sikh Temple constructed in the U.S. was first founded in Stockton in 1912, with a more modern temple was constructed in 1930. However, throughout Stockton’s history minority populations have dealt with discrimination, while at the same time showcasing their resilience to overcome the power structures that would otherwise oppress them.11

https://www.downtownstockton.org/history/

For example, in 1919 there was a need for a new hospital, due to the discrimination in the healthcare system that the Japanese community faced the year prior during the Influenza outbreak. The Nippon Hospital was constructed as a result. However, this medical discrimination would not be the only form of injustice dealt to the Japanese American population, as years later many Japanese Americans and Japanese immigrants were unconstitutionally incarcerated in the relocation center at Rohwer, Arkansas in 1942.11

It is the hope though that with the current Tubbs administration the city of Stockton can finally embrace its diverse population, and fully realize what this diversity contributed and still continues to do so to the growth and improvement of the city.11

02

ecosystem

As a result of the Stockton Delta Water System, this area boasts a diverse and thriving ecosystem. The Delta is the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. A unique diverse set of species are able to thrive here as a result of it the combined freshwater and saline environment. Not only is this a major wintering area for one of North America’s primary migration routes, but it is also home to the Eulerian Canada Goose.

The Delta also serves as a gateway for the androgynous salmon. Additionally, beavers, minks, deer, muskrats and coyotes can be found within the region.18

Two primary vegetation communities make up the area: the riparian habitats and marsh land habitats. The riparian habitat is a feeding area for many amphibians such as the Tiger Salamander, Western Toad, and Foothill Yellow legged frog. Many bird species can be found, such as the Great egret, Northern shoveler, and Common Goldeneye. Mammals within the region include western gray squirrels, beavers, coyotes and even badgers. Within the Stockton Deepwater channel Islands there is a diverse mix of upland and marsh habitats.18

However, 80% of the Delta marshland habitat has been developed for agricultural purposes due to the fertile nature of the soils. Resultantly, these marshes are home to a variety of endangered species. The Delta Marshes not onyl supply nutrients to its own ecosystem, but their reach extends as far as the San Francisco bay ecosystems. In addition, the Delta Marshes also serve as an aquifer recharge.18

https:

://www.nrdc.org/stories/decade-california-delta

02

climate While Stockton has a temperate climate, it has more seasonal fluctuation than most places in California. That is to say, Stockton experiences hotter summers and colder winters than other temperate areas of the state. On average, the city gets 17 inches of rain per year, while the United States average is 38 inches per year.

Compared to the rest of California, the region experiences more precipitation on average. On average it rains for only 60 days out of the year, with most of the rainfall occurring during the late winter and spring months. In terms of sunlight, Stockton has 257 sunny days per year, with the US average being only 205.17

https://www.farmersalmanac.com/how-do-the-seasons-change-3040

02

site analysis

wind

precipitation

solar

02

public transportation In designing a future university, sustainability and mass transportation will only become larger issues. Thus, looking at Stockton’s current and future transportation realities are important in accessing the city. While Stockton currently is not a very pedestrian and bicycle friendly city, it has plans to become one in the future.

Through the expansion of bicycle infrastructure, and addition of pedestrian centered paths and streets, Stockton’s current and future realities differ. Increased bus fleets and expanded bus routes, as well as expanded train routes, will help to create a better connection between areas in Stockton andreater parts of the country.

street improvements

02

land uses

existing levels of traffic stress

02

existing bicycle network

2015 bicycle master plan

02

california high speed rail master plan

proposed bus routes by 2035

02

economics “When you think of the story of Stockton, I mean, we were literally ground zero – that was the baseline for us to improve to where we are now.” -Mayor Tubbs6 Stockton is a community working to redefine and improve itself, yet significant challenges still remain its efforts to address decades of poverty, limited higher educational and employment opportunities, and violence.

California

United States San Joaquin Valley

https://datausa.io/profile/geo/stockton-ca/#:~:text=The%20population%20of%20Stockton%2C%20CA%20is%2042.2%25%20Hispanic%20or%20Latino,and%2086.8%25%20are%20U.S.%20citizens.

02

https://datausa.io/profile/geo/stockton-ca/#:~:text=The%20population%20of%20Stockton%2C%20CA%20is%2042.2%25%20Hispanic%20or%20Latino,and%2086.8%25%20are%20U.S.%20citizens.

02

https://datausa.io/profile/geo/stockton-ca/#:~:text=The%20population%20of%20Stockton%2C%20CA%20is%2042.2%25%20Hispanic%20or%20Latino,and%2086.8%25%20are%20U.S.%20citizens.

poverty by race and ethnicity

WHITE

02

RACIAL DEMOGRAPHICS 40.7% HISPANIC OR LATINO 21.5% WHITE 21.8% ASIAN 11.5% BLACK 3.3% MIXED demographics 1.2% OTHER total population: 311,178

BLACK

22.4% below the poverty line

65 and over

11.8%

under 5

7.7%

5-17 years

55-64 years

20.3%

10.6%

MIXED

35-54 years

18-24 years

23.9%

11.0% 25-34 years

14.8% https://datausa.io/profile/geo/stockton-ca/#:~:text=The%20population%20of%20Stockton%2C%20CA%20is%2042.2%25%20Hispanic%20or%20Latino,and%2086.8%25%20are%20U.S.%20citizens.

RACE AND ETHNICITY BY NEIGHBORHOOD HISPANIC OR LATINO

22

LARGE

- FEMA - FEMA - MALE

ASIAN

education levels

WHITE

student race and ethnicity

Despite being one of the most diverse populations in the country, Stockton still struggles with racial inequality and income inequality. When Stockton declared bankruptcy in 2012, the city’s high unemployment and violent crime led Forbes to name it “America’s most miserable city.”15

There is a sharp divide between the Northern, more affluent part of Stockton, and the Southern, less affluent part. During the 1980s and 1990s, the north side of the city benefited from new developments, while the south side of the city was neglected. The disparages are still present today: the south has been left with crumbling infrastructure, dilapidated housing, and vacant lots, while the north sees more development and private investments.16

After Stockton declared bankruptcy, wealthier residents left the city, leaving only residents who could not afford to live else where. This resulted in a smaller revenue stream when the city needed it the most.16

RACIA

- HISPA - WHITE - ASIAN

RAC 40.7 21.5 21.8 11.5 3.3% 1.2%

BLACK

MIXED

3

02

bankruptcy During the1990s Stockton decided to reinvest into its city. One of these changes included amending firefighters’ retirement benefits, namely, providing the firefighters with full healthcare into retirement past the age of 65. Large pensions were also introduced for public safety workers, and by the 2000s, Stockton’s full time employees were entitled to free healthcare for life. Additionally, Stockton took out bonds to fund downtown revitalization projects, such as a 47 million dollar bond to construct a sport and concert arena. Between 2004 and 2006, Stockton’s Redevelopment Agency racked up a debt of over 100 million dollars.

Despite its best intentions, decisions like this led to the worsening of Stockton’s economic situation, pushing it to become the largest city to file for bankruptcy at the time. They are now second behind Detroit.5

During the 2000s, there were indications that the city had greatly miscalculated the rate of inflation for medical costs. In 2007, Stockton invested a 125 million dollar pension obligation fund, which ended up suffering steep losses with the 2008 and 2009 financial market plunge. The city was left with a 23 percent loss on its invested proceeds and a debt to investors who bought the bonds.5

The 2008 housing bust only served to further worsen Stockton’s economy.

By 2009, median home prices fell from $400,000 in 2006 to $110,000. Stockton’s revenue fell from $186.4 million in 2007 to $155 million by 2009. Stockton’s debt ballooned to $17.2 million, when just six years prior it was only $3 million. In order to restructure its finances, Stockton cut its medical benefits. But by 2012, Stockton’s economic situation was only worse, leading the city to file for bankruptcy.5

https://www.recordnet.com/article/20141005/NEWS/141009793

02

history of education

Historically Stockton has emphasized the importance of educating its younger generation. The first public school was not founded in Stockton until 1853. However, between 1850 and 1853, many private institutions were founded.

One of these private institutions, the Academy, provided a free education to its students funded by its private investors. The site is now home to Lafayette School.

Even in its early years, Stockton placed an emphasis on educating its youth. With the establishment of the first public schools there was no longer a need for private institutions.12

In its early years, education in Stockton was separated by gender. However, with growing class sizes and changing demands, the locations of these schools changed several times. Thus, the needs of the students were placed first in Stockton’s early educational system. With population growth between 1860 and 1890, the demands for more schools are met with increased construction. While new schools were constructed, the old ones underwent necessary repairs and modifications to improve their quality.12

Between 1900 and 1939, there is another school boom, where 16 elementary schools were constructed to once again meet the needs of the growing population. Of the 16 schools, 14 of them are still in operation. This is a notable period because in the 1920s, the Davis-Heller Pearce Company was hired to study the schools’ housing problem and then create a general plan that would serve the needs of Stockton, including the best use of heating, lighting and ventilation systems during a period of time when engineers would focus on materials and price. However, it wasn’t until the 1940s that cafeterias and electric lighting was provided in schools.12

However, by the mid 1900s, Stockton’s school system faced with an educational crisis. With Stockton’s high schools being unequipped to send students to higher education, as well as underfunded and heavily policed, only a small fraction of students actually pursue higher education. Moreover, those pursuing their undergraduate or graduate degrees are limited in their scope when it comes to which universities to attend.13

https://www.stocktonusd.net/VanBuren

In Stockton, only 17% of adults over the age of 25 have a bachelor’s degree or higher. The only options for higher education in the area are San Joaquin Delta College, a two year university, University of Pacific, a private institution with a hefty price tag, California State University Stanislaus, and CSU Stanislaus Stockton campus, a small satellite location for the CSU in Turlock. Due to the nearly $50,000 cost of University of the Pacific, nearly all of the yearly income of many households in Stockton, University of the Pacific is unthinkable for residents. While San Joaquin Delta College is a more affordable community college option, the lack of four year universities nearby creates lower transfer rates.

Indeed, out of the nearly 19,000 students that attend, only 100 students transfer to a UC and 800 students transfer to a CSU yearly.13

Stockton is in an education desert, where thousands of students are left with no options to pursue a higher education due to economic or transportation restraints. CSU Sacramento is too far for students, who face such large financial barriers they cannot afford to move to Sacramento or cannot afford the commute from Stockton. The construction of a twenty-fourth CSU in this location would change the everyday realities for everybody in Stockton for the better.14

02

school to prison pipeline

Since the 1980s prison boom in the United States, there has been a mass shift from rehabilitation to criminalization. In California, school funding is based on actual attendance, rather than total enrollment. Resultantly, with an increase in juvenile arrests, there has been a steady decrease in funding for education. Funding for education was further eroded by the war on drugs, with funding for education cut to finance the war on drugs. The smaller school budgets would then compound the problem by prioritizing policing over resources such as counseling for students. This means that schools shifted to perpetuating the school to prison pipeline, and upholding a zero tolerance policy. Since 1994, the state of California has spent more on its prison system than higher education.1

With the passage of Prop 21 in 2000, the situation only grew worse. Under this change in policy, juveniles aged 14 to 17 could now be tried and sentenced as adults for violent offenses. Zero tolerance policies such as Prop 21 resulted in the suspension of 700,000 students during the 2010 and 2011 school year. These suspensions disproportionately effected black students in particular, for 171 out of every 1,000 suspended students being African American.1

Stockton, CA most reflects this type of disciplinary action, which has resulted in an entire of generation of children fractured and forever scarred. In Stockton, resources are heavily divided based off of income. In the Lincoln Unified School District (LUSD), the district in the more affluent part of Stockton, there are 8,981 students with three high school campus monitors, one police department office, and 6 LUSD police officers. However, in the poorer school district in Stockton, the Stockton Unified School District (SUSD), their total enrollment of students is 38,803, with 42 campus safety assistants for K-8, 22 SUSD police officers, and 25 campus safety assistants throughout their four high schools.2 Proportionality, there is a much heavier police presence within the poorer districts of Stockton. This means that these students are not only dealing with the difficulties that come with living in poverty, but also navigating a school system that has already criminalized them.

https://sandratrappen.com/2018/08/27/school-resource-officers-the-school-to-prison-pipeline/

02

According to the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, in the Stockton Unified School District, there was a confrontation between a kindergartner and a SUSD police office, resulting in the five year old being handcuffed and charged with battery. This kindergartner was diagnosed with ADHD. Stockton is only one of two major California cities where school district officers have the authority to arrest students.3

Since it’s implementation in 1991, this policy has lead to the arrest of 34,368 students under the age of 18 on criminal charges. 1590 of those arrests were children under the age of 10.4 This policy has helped to skyrocket Stockton’s arrest rate of minors under 10 to a rate 37 times higher than the rest of California, despite only having one percent of California’s children in this demographic. 22 percent of these arrests resulted in felony charges. While this policy was implemented with good intentions, it served the exact opposite purpose of helping, protecting, and supporting its children.3

Furthermore, the actions taken by SUSD disproportionately targeted black and Latino students. in 2015, the California Department of Justice launched an investigation to address the discriminatory treatment of black and Latino students, as well as students with disabilities. The investigation uncovered that black, Latino, and students with disabilities ages 10 and above were arrested at rates 124 to 148 percent higher than that of their peers. The same investigation discovered that (up until recently) district police officers conduced unannounced and random searches on students involving the K9 unit. These searches would sometimes lead to random pat downs on students in classrooms. Moreover, the investigation found that there was rampant overuse of handcuffs and restraints on students.As a result of this investigation, SUSD was reuired to rectify its civil rights violations against its African American and Latino student populations. Thus begins the process of healing for these abused students, starting with the proper treatments for the high levels of trauma and stress they experienced.4

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/arts/discussion-questions

s-for-american-prison

02

a look towards the future

Despite the historic challenges faced by the city, things are looking up.

Elected in 2016 at the age of 26, Mayor Michael Tubbs has given hope to the city once again. Mayor Tubbs has been working to solve a history of poverty and racism within Stockton, a history that is alive within America as a whole. In 2018, Stockton implemented a basic income policy, where 125 people living below the medium income line were randomly selected to receive 500 dollars a month, unconditionally. Of that basic income, 40 percent was used on food, 24 percent on sales, 11 percent on utilities and 9 percent on car repairs and gas. The experiment was devised to provide economic stability to Stockton’s population.6

Stockton has also been the recipient of philanthropic investment. Funders include the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the California Endowment.

The additional funding is allocated by the city and community groups, not the philanthropic parties. In these community groups, teachers, single moms, social owners, and other community members from all walks of life talk earnestly about what polices and programs would effect the change that Stockton needs.

The investments have paid off into tangible policy changes and programs. Notably, a“Future Center� was created to expose young people to College Planning, as well as centers to support children exposed to trauma and establish legal aid fund for tenants facing eviction. In 2018, $20 million grant from the California Community Foundation launcher the Stockton Scholars Program, a program aimed to provide college scholarships to students graduating with a 2.0 GPA minimum. Another program that has been launched is the Advance Peace Program, which provides resources to perpetrators of gun violence as a way to reduce crime within the communities of Stockton.7

https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandrasternlicht/2018/06/21/podcast-meet-michael-tubbs-the-27-year-old-mayor-ofstockton/#5a39cbe92953

02

https://www.rawpixel.com/image/82270/premium-photo-image-graduation-education-african-american-girl

The Stockton Unified School District has also undergone major changes since Mayor Tubbs took office. Before the new superintendent John Deasy was installed, some SUSD high schools didn’t offer the full spectrum of A through G courses, which are required for a four year institution. Before Deasy changed the curriculum to offer all the A through G courses, many SUSD students did not even have the possibility of attending a four year university out of high school. Now, all students are on a more equitable playing field.8

However, the lack of A through G courses was not the only issue holding students back. With 91 percent of the district living below the poverty line, students faced harsh economic realities that made it difficult for students to even get to school, much less take college entrance exams or AP tests. To solve this, SUSD partnered with the San Joaquin Regional Transit District to provide middle school and high school students and their families free bus travel throughout the city. In turn, this solved the issue of many students not being able to attend class because they could not afford to take the bus to school. With increased access and mobility, more students were able to attend school. In turn, SUSD was able to secure more state funding, as educational funding is alloted to districts by the average daily attendance.8

Another obstacle barring students from higher education was the cost of standardized testing, such as SAT, ACT, and AP exams. To solve this, SUSD partnerd with the Gates Foundation, which now funds these exams, taking the financial burden off of the students. In 2020, every single senior took the SAT, opening the door for them to pursue higher education desires.9

By investing in its youth and their families, Stockton and Mayor Tubbs have taken the stance that by investing in education, crime can be prevented from ever happening. Education is a tool to not only change the population’s circumstances, but also transform the narrative that has been following Stockton for so long.

02

the case for architecture

The questions that remain, are why introduce a twenty-fourth California Statue University campus and why Stockton over other California locations? The argument for Stockpot, in its most basic sense, is that without an accessible four year university within a 30 mile radius from Stockton, residents cannot see a future where they can obtain a college degree. Mayor Tubbs’ efforts have increased the numbers of college-ready students graduating from high school, thus establishing a pipeline for students to improve their college and career outcomes.

However, these high school graduates are left with no accessible four-year university to attend within a reasonable distance.20

Thus, a university campus in this location would allow the youth of Stockton to reach their full potential and break the cycle of crime. The campus would usher in a new era of prosperity and reinforce the initiatives already set in place

by Mayor Tubbs. A California State University campus would also help Stockton’s economy through the creation of new jobs and the supply of a new, educated labor force. More jobs, higher earning individuals, the presence of innovative companies are just a few ways a California State University would uplift the community of Stockton.

https://campuspress.yale.edu/perspective/is-higher-education-a-necessity/

3_higher education

03

the landscape

Through the decades, the university experience has shifted from content to the holistic student experience. In designing for the iGen, a generation marked by the dominance of technology and ubiquitous of the internet, universities must shift their way of understanding higher education. iGen is distinct in its curtailed attention spans, higher rates of mental health issues, and loss of sleep.

These generational characteristics serve to inform design. With information at the touch of one’s fingertips, universities have shifted to prioritize context over content, and it is the context that allows students to learn.21

University classrooms must now hold a certain reciprocity, where students are just as likely to learn from their professors as they are from each other. Thus, the classroom has shifted from the notion of a lecture hall, where only the professor can add value and knowledge, to the idea of flexible spaces that allow people to come together. These buildings need to be flexible over time, because the very nature of time demands change. How people work and learn will change, so universities must accommodate the unknown. Mixed use buildings will only become more common on university campuses.21

With less of a focus on learning, universities are expected to provide the entire student experience, from mental to physical to spiritual, while also maintaining environmentally conscious campuses and practices. The shift in university design and increased demand for building performance is just one example of this tangible shift. Universities are already broadening their mental health services offered, from intervention to treatment options.21

However, with rising tuition rates, for many the dream of going to college is merely that due to financial restraints. But with that, university education is held up as the pinnacle of achievement. Not only that, but a university degree is deemed necessary in our job markets. Given the climate, there is little opportunity for low-income students to attend a four-year university and achieve the financial upward ability that comes with a degree.21

As colleges remain for-profit institutions, there is an aspect of monetization that neglects current pushes for inclusivity. With rising tuition costs, decreased funding from public and other sources, and continuously expanding student debt, universities will be forced to adjust to economic realities with new funding models. However, there are emerging trends that suggest despite rising costs, colleges are pushing for more diversity and equity. This includes demographic changes, as well as equity and fair practices.

Through increasing the numbers of nontraditional students, and shifting the narrative away from a “typical� student, universities are expanding alternative approaches for higher education.21

In this reevaluation, the future of work and necessary skills will also be addressed, with changes in courses, curriculum, and degree programs to meet evolving workforce needs and new industry development.21

Online education has increasingly been seen as an avenue to provide courses to nontraditional students. Thus, universities have been shifting to offering online, blended, and in person modes. In a postCOVID-19 world, one can expect that this shift to online learning will only become more prominent. In our COVID-19 world, universities were asked to rapidly reimagine how to present an engaging and holistic experience for students. While this came with its own set of challenges, it also allowed for the creation of new, impactful modes of learning that take advantage of technology. As an unintended consequence of the pandemic, university education will become significantly more accessible.22

03

03

designing for growth

In designing for growth, flexibility is at the forefront of design thinking.

Shared spaces and mixed use areas are increasingly valuable on university campuses. Shared spaces, such as classrooms and meeting areas, that allow users to reconfigure the area based on their needs extends the lifetime of these spaces. In turn, this saves costly renovations in the future. These shared spaces serve a dual purpose, with these spaces fostering collaboration, more effective learning, and increasing innovation.23

Mixed use buildings is an emerging trend in university planning. Until recently, campus planners segregated buildings by. Student centers were designed for socializing, libraries for study, classrooms for learning, and dining halls for eating. But, with shifts away from educational content towards holistic student experiences, university students have highly scheduled lives, complete with academic, athletic, recreational, work, and social responsibilities. In response to this, colleges are adapting buildings to serve mixed-use purposes. It is becoming increasingly common place to see cafes in libraries and classroom buildings. Residence halls are also increasingly including fitness facilities, as well as study and gaming lounges. In some universities, classrooms are also being incorporated into residence halls.24

The shift towards mixed-use buildings has also created more informal gathering spaces to encourage social interactions and enhance the student experience. The social aspect of student life is critical to creating a sense of community and belonging, which in turn promotes student success and campus involvement. Spontaneous student-to-student, student-to-faculty, and faculty-to-faculty collaboration recognizes that learning occurs outside the classroom setting. These informal settings have technology access, as well as dedicated spaces for individual and collaborative work. This goes hand-in-hand with flexibility in furniture, which allows the users to customize and rearrange the area to meet their needs.24

https://www.lakeflato.com/higher-education/georgia-tech-west-village-commons

03

designing for technology

With advances in technology, as well as society’s increased dependence on technology, the academic environment is taking new shape. Technology-enabled active learning classrooms are emerging as a way to promote collaboration in the classroom. Through multiple work areas with dedicated whiteboards, computers, projectors, and monitors in each zone, as well as flexibility in furniture, traditional learning is shifting towards active learning environments.24 The technology integration allows for dynamic, engaging learning environments.

https://www.lakeflato.com/higher-education/georgia-tech-krone-engineered-biosystems-building

03

designing for inclusivity

Designing for inclusivity means evaluating different scales of design. At the planning level, safety is paramount. The design of public spaces, as well as th implementation of lighting, way finding devices, and sight lines are extremely important. For example, in the idea of the traditional, large open quad area on campuses, this space often goes unused because students feel over-exposed.

Providing smaller, more sheltered spaces is often preferred over the large open quad. These areas still provide students the opportunity to gather in groups, just in a more private space. Moreover, people attract people, so the more students see others using a space, the more likely they are to use it as well.27

At the building level, institutional buildings should be designed to be inviting. This means projecting transparency and the human-scale to create a sense of openness to all. Additionally, the design of flexibility further encourages diversity and inclusivity. Students interact in different and nuanced ways, so providing flexible spaces is the key for use by all users.27

At the artifact level, details matter-- signage, artwork, furniture, and other less-permanent objects within a building become important. Giving ownership to the student body, through signage on restroom doors, campus murals, and large of free-speech zones create a sense of safety and inclusivity for students. In the same fashion, flexible furniture that can be arranged according to the user’s needs, as well as markerboard and chalkboard paint on walls in common spaces are both extremely effective design techniques as well.27

https://dschool.stanford.edu/redcouch

03

designing for sustainability “As environments of critical thinking and rich research, higher education institutions have long been leaders in the movement toward sustainable, healthy facilities.�25

In our increasingly technology dependent world, there is a growing emphasis on the importance of place and sustainability. Universities have their own unique historic, cultural and environmental context, and enhancing this sense of place through careful planning is becoming an important recruitment tool for students, faculty and staff.24

Highly efficient and comfortable spaces complement and emphasize a university’s sense of place. These spaces are not only more energy and resource conscious, nut they provide healthier environments for students, as well as have reduced operating and maintenance costs.23

Sustainable efforts include, but are not limited to, natural lighting, excellent air quality, greenery, photovoltaic energy generation, grey water systems, and increasing outdoor living. Natural design elements are not only calming and appealing for students, but they have health benefits as well. The incorporation of plants and living walls indoors can improve air quality and reduce indoor airborne toxins. This leads to increases in student brain function and productivity. Natural design elements include the selection of furnishings, finishes, environmentally friendly products that contribute to LEED and WELL building standards, and make efforts to be energy efficient.25 Sustainability also incorporates designing for and with public transportation.

https://www.archdaily.com/105604/asu-polytechnic-campus-lakeflato-architects-and-rsp-architects/50071e1f28ba0d41480010c1-asu-polytechnic-campus-lakeflato-architects-and-rsp-architects-photo?next_project=no

03

designing for/with public transportation

Universities are facing issues with parking and traditional infrastructure, as their student population grows, while also facing increased pressure for sustainable practices. In encouraging the shift from personal cars to public transportation, bicycles, and walking, universities can reduce the need for parking and sustain the environment. Considering all modes of transportation (pedestrian, bicycle, and public), as well as the additional infrastructure, is crucial to transportation connectivity, designing appropriate access and circulation routes, in turn reducing demands on parking. Fostering transit-oriented campuses, creating walkable activity centers, and providing livability and sustainability initiatives are just a few ways to reduce vehicular use and parking demands.26

https://www.moneycrashers.com/benefits-public-transportation-travel-for-less/

03

designing for community outreach “These strong town-gown relationships don’t just happen – they’re the result of intentional, ongoing efforts and a commitment to view success collectively.”25

Universities are now thinking about creating welcoming spaces that serve the wider community. In these areas, the general public can enter, with no special access, and interact with students. Student union buildings, libraries, transportation centers, and preforming arts centers serve this community outreach function. In the case of student union and preforming arts centers, often times these spaces feature free or inexpensive lectures, speakers, and events. The cross-functional spaces serve a dual purpose of offering students consistent events or services, but these events have the potential to attract prospective students, staff, or faculty.25 Maintaining and strengthening relationships between universities and their locations is crucial for ongoing connections in college towns.

https://www.calpolyarts.org/Online/default.asp?doWork::WScontent::loadArticle=Load&BOparam::WScontent::loadArticle::article_id=0D972D26675A-4574-A4B5-3A9EAB0210D0

https://www.wearetg.com/setting-better-business-goals-and-objectives-for-the-new-year/

4_vision and goals

04

master plan: the vision

When looking at how to uplift Stockton, we thought about how California State University would not only act as an economic engine for the city, but also help change its narrative. This meant that it was necessary for the college campus to cater to the realities of the location, as well as look towards the future at what Stockton could become. This translated to creating a pedestrian and cyclist friendly campus, whose users mainly used public transportation, rather than personal vehicles. Throughout the campus, roads have been primarily designated for pedestrian and cycling use, as well as emergency vehicles. Additionally, while the campus will initially serve 15,000 students, in looking towards the future we allowed room for expansion. Every building on campus is mixed use, providing flexibility over time.

To fit into the context of Stockton, we wanted to adhere to the existing site and grid of the city. In sticking to the existing streets, we found it important to create active edges in order to promote vibrant programming around the campus and encourage community-campus relations.

Placement of individual buildings also became important, as each building served certain people. The southern edge of the campus was extremely important, because of its prime location-- adjacent to downtown and businesses. Thus, the buildings on the southern edge of campus were placed to help stimulate the growth of the city’s downtown and enable it to become a hub for businesses and commercial use. By placing amenities residents of Stockton would use along this southern edge, we were able to augment the city of Stockton into the campus. Student housing was was placed along this edge to encourage interaction between students and the local economy. The Performing Art Center, Recreation Center, and Transportation Center all reside here, as they are important introductions to the campus.

To create an innovative campus, we tackled 10 catalytic buildings in the master plan: Transportation Center, Student Housing, AI and Transportation Research, Climate Science, Data Science, Health and Wellness Center, Preforming Arts Center, The Commons, Recreation Center, Urban Agriculture.

04

campus precedents: san jose state university San Jose State has a similar urban context to what we’re expecting in Stockton.

The mix of building densities makes the campus feel like an oasis in the middle of the city, while from the outside the campus fits within the city context. Inside the campus, green, open spaces welcome students. The constant addition of new, innovative buildings helps the campus fit into the still-developing city. The orthogonal planning and limited vehicular access creates a welcoming campus for students. The campus, especially the library, also does a good job reaching out and engaging the community.

http://blogs.sjsu.edu/newsroom/tag/king-library/

04

campus precedents: stanford university Stanford both served as inspiration for our campus, and a warning of things to avoid. Adherence to the orthogonal grid, the implementation of drought-resistant greenery, and a common architectural; theme of limestone and red terracotta roofing creates a sense of identity within the campus. Due to economic restraints,some aspects of Standford make it an unrealistic expectation for what Stockton could host. Being a private university with excessive funding from research grants, the campus functions as a city within the greater Palo Alto area. In doing so, the campus is a separate entity from Palo Alto. For Stockton, this division is not achievable, and would actually act as a detriment to the community.

https://amgenscholars.com/university/stanford-university/

04

campus precedents: east los angeles college A commuter college based around art. Surrounded by primarily neighborhoods and a shopping center. Campus edge is gradual and well integrated into the community. Strong sense of place.

East Los Angeles College, although much smaller than the proposed CSU Stockton campus, is surrounded by a very similar urban fabric in an area where establishing a sense of arrival is important. Crime rates in the general area are fairly high but not extreme, Surprisingly, this campus still manages to be one of the safest colleges in California.

https://arquitectonica.com/architecture/project/east-los-angeles-college-arts-campus/

04

campus precedents: university of chicago expanded community of 28,000 people who study, work and live on a campus that covers 217 acres of land and houses almost 16 million square feet of University buildings University of Chicago, is located in one of the most dangerous places in America. This campus is much larger than the proposed CSU Stockton campus but also has a similar urban fabric in an area where establishing a sense of arrival is important. Crime rates in the area are fairly high but the campus still manages to create a sense of safety and community.

https://news.uchicago.edu/story/university-announces-partnership-support-south-side-during-covid-19-crisis

04

transportation: the vision

The goal of the CSU Stockton Transportation Center is to solve for the idea “you can’t be what you can’t see”. As a transportation hub, building community was at the forefront of our thinking. The transportation hub stands as the main entrance of campus, bringing together people from all ages and backgrounds.

Entrepreneurs, business leaders, students, staff, and faculty alike will be drawn together in one space. We created a project that pulls together different transportation networks, while encouraging interactions and collaboration between business partners, professionals, and students. In doing so, the project acts as a stimulus for the economy by improving people’s connection to businesses and resources. We created a welcoming environment for people who would otherwise be intimidated by universities, while creating a project that breathes. Finally, as a zero-net energy campus, our building is a net producer of energy.

https://www.curbed.com/2017/5/24/15682604/public-transit-behavior-commuting-conduent

https://www.ralphandersen.com/jobs/dcm-stockton-ca/

5_ campus master plan

05

first iteration: san mateo goals Layout land use, circulation, and physical development of existing Canada College to accommodate a future four year university with a 10,000 FTES Increase diversity of students, staff, and faculty Strengthen the campus’s compact, cross disciplinary core Attain a modal shift from cars to pedestrian, bicycle, and transit use Campus core is only accessible to pedestrians and bicycles Campus master plan includes a transit hub Preserve Canada College’s scenic setting; the natural environment is highly valued and should be considered in all planning efforts Preservation of The Grove, infusion of open spaces between buildings Plan explicitly recognizes that learning occurs everywhere Student success depends on engagement with activities and support systems that both complement and extend the formal curriculum Open space incorporated into every building project for aesthetic, leisure, social interactions, and studying Variety of study spaces in all buildings to accommodate individual study, quiet study, and group study Residential neighborhoods support learning and student success Living-learning environments On campus housing includes with counselors Community-centered housing to encourage social interaction Interest focused housing-- example: passport, health, cooking, active, quiet, sober, music, art, etc Apartments to accommodate diverse family arrangements of students Plan focuses on access and success of students Variety of services catering to a diverse population, including campus safe spaces, daycare services, and on campus housing for traditional and nontraditional students group effort with Daniella Dutcher, Erin Conner, Anisha Shikre, and Abraham Arellano

SAN MATEO CAMPUS MASTER PLAN

HUMBOLT STATE UNIVERSITY

CALIFORNIA STATE FULLERTON UNIVERSITY

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS EXISTING BUILDINGS NEW CAMPUS ACADEMIC BUILDINGS EXISTING ACADEMIC BUILDINGS COMMONS BUILDINGS

N

DINING ADMIN

CHICO STATE UNIVERSITY

TRANSPORATION HUB GREEN SPACES / TREES

NNW

N

mph

NNE

NW

35.00

NE

31.50 WNW

ENE

28.00 24.50

W

E

21.00 17.50

Psychrometric Chart San Carlos AP_CA_USA 1 JAN 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00

45 BTU/lb

50% 0.03

40%

40 BTU/lb

0.025

35 BTU/lb 30% 0.02

30 BTU/lb

N

Humidity Ratio [lb water/ lb air]

50 BTU/lb 90% 80% 70% 60%

330

300

Hours 150.00

25 BTU/lb

20 BTU/lb

0.015

135.00

20%

120.00 105.00

0.01

15 BTU/lb

90.00

10%

5 BTU/lb

0.005

0 BTU/lb

60.00 45.00 30.00 15.00

0

5

10

15

20

25

Operative Temperature [°F]

30

35

40

45

90.00

20

84.50

60

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100 105 110 115

0.00

79.00 73.50 E

68.00

ESE

WSW

120

240

3.50

SSE

S Wind-Rose San Carlos AP_CA_USA 21 JUN 1:00 - 21 SEP 24:00 Hourly Data: Wind Speed (mph) Calm for 0.04% of the time = 1 hours.

Each closed polyline shows frequency of 2.4%. = 53 hours.

NNW

N

150 S

Sun-Path Diagram - Latitude: 37.517000000000003 Hourly Data: Dry Bulb Temperature (F) San Carlos AP_CA_USA

35.00

CAL POLY SAN LUIS OBISPO

35.00

NE

31.50 WNW

ENE

28.00 24.50

40.50

210

0.00

mph

NNE

NW

51.50 46.00

7.00

SE SSW

57.00

14.00 10.50

SW

62.50

75.00

10 BTU/lb

-5

10 30 40 50 60 70 80

W

F

30

W

E

21.00 17.50

ESE

WSW

14.00 10.50

SW

SE SSW

SSE

S Wind-Rose San Carlos AP_CA_USA 21 DEC 1:00 - 21 MAR 24:00 Hourly Data: Wind Speed (mph) Calm for 1.01% of the time = 22 hours.

Each closed polyline shows frequency of 1.5%. = 32 hours.

7.00 3.50 0.00

UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO

05

second iteration: stockton This first version of our CSU Stockton master plan pushed major hubs of campus, such as student housing, the transit center, and the preforming arts center to the south edge of campus to activate the street edge between the campus and downtown. The conglomeration of AI, Data Science, and Climate Research creates a technology and innovation district close to the transit center. The Commons’ adjacency to the lake creates a vibrant and highly walkable zone in the heart of campus.

The Transportation Center is located near the underground rail line, and is situated closest to downtown. As our campus aims to be pedestrian and bike centered, with limited vehicular traffic the transit center becomes an important entry point for campus visitors, faculty, staff, and students. The adjacency between the transportation center and the preforming arts center creates a vibrant shared courtyard between the two. The multi-family housing block is nearby to the transit center as well.

joint future university

drawing by royce grundy and alanna green

05

third iteration: stockton The final iteration of the master plan grows upon the ideas in the first, but with further refinement. Much like the previous version, the southern part of campus is dedicated to the technology and innovation district, as well as buildings with community outreach functions. Due to the specific nature of these buildings, they experience larger sites to better celebrate their unique programs.

The academia building clusters, designed as general massing, were designed to create a denser urban learning district. The Commons, in the middle of the campus, are accessible for cars, allowing for easy pick up and drop off. The housing on the western edge of campus allow for a transition into campus.

Meanwhile, the northwest edge of campus was left open for room for expansion.

This area has views of the lake, and close proximity to the Commons. The park-like setting promotes peaceful strolls by community members and students alike.

Although the final master plan remains somewhat unresolved, in its final form it still serves the student’s most immediate needs and allows for growth. Master planning was an exercise in studio collaboration, and was not a primary focus on the double-quarter.

joint future university

drawing by royce grundy and alanna green

https://www.linkedin.com/company/city-of-stockton

6_the built environment

06

first iteration: individual project in csu san mateo For the first six weeks of the quarter, I designed a health and recreation center while master planning for CSU San Mateo.

THE BEACON

STUDENT LOUNGE

DANIELLA DUTCHER | FUTURE UNIVERSITY | STUDIO WHITE | WINTER 2020

Universities today are expected to do more than just provide a learning environment. Now, and into the future, they will be asked to provide the entire student experience, from the mental to the physical to the spiritual. Thus, the Health and Wellness Center is at the epicenter of this shift in thinking, and integral to the campus community as a whole. Through recreation and wellness, The Beacon will uphold environmental responsibility, as well as holistic human health.

STUDENT LOUNGE

4000 sf

LOBBY

400 sf

CHILDCARE

6000 sf

CAFE

2000 sf

TEACHING KITCHENS

2000 sf

STUDY LOUNGE

5000 sf

LIBRARY

5000 sf

DANCE STUDIO

1500 sf

STRECHING

2000 sf

SPIN STUDIO

1500 sf

YOGA STUDIO

1000 sf

MEDITATION ROOM

1000sf

UNIVERSAL CHANGING ROOMS

5000 sf

FITNESS

14000 sf

GYMNASIUM

14000 sf

CLIMING AREA

2000 sf

LOUNGE

1000 sf

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA RECWELL | CANNON DESIGN

MULTI ACTIVITY CENTER 9000 sf TOTAL

FACADE IDEAS

Community Center | NORD Architects

Roux Center for the Environment | CambridgeSeven

Roux Center for the Environment | CambridgeSeven

116, 500 sf

PROGRAM DIAGRAM

ENTRANCE POOL

N

SITE PLAN

CAMPUS SECTION

20’ 40’ 60’

100’

TOPOGRAPHY DIAGRAM

TOPOGRAPHY DIAGRAM

5’

10’

20’

40’

60’

06

THE BEACON: HEALTH AND WELLNESS CENTER SAN MATEO, CA

THE BEACON

CONNECTION The Beacon focuses on community building, including plentiful study lounge spces for students, a cafe, fand various itness areas. The central atrium with exposed main circulation serves to create a visual connection between floors and foster connections. Thus, the atrium serves as a focal, anchoring point for connection.

DANIELLA DUTCHER | FUTURE UNIVERSITY | STUDIO WHITE | WINTER 2020

ENTER

LOBBY

RR STUDENT LOUNGE

OFFICE

CHILD CARE

LOBBY

RR

OFFICE

RR

CAFE

ELEV

DW

DW

KITCHEN

OFFICE

CHILD CARE

OPEN TO BELOW

Adohi Hall | Leers Weinzapfel Associates + Modus Studio + Mackey Mitchell Architects + OLIN

ROOF BELOW

4TH FLOOR (TOP OF HILL)

TEACHING KITCHEN Adohi Hall | Leers Weinzapfel Associates + Modus Studio + Mackey Mitchell Architects + OLIN

LIBRARY

DW

ELEV DW

STUDY

NET EXPORTER OF ELECTRICITY Following the idea of environmental wellness, the new model of a Recreation Center should shift from “how much energy does this program use?” to “how much energy does this program produce?”. The idea of a health and wellness center as a net energy exporter is already in practice in Eco Gym in Rochester, New York. There, indoor cycling equipment harnesses the energy created from its users and turns it into power for the building. This concept can be used with indoor cycles, recumbent bikes, ellipticals, and treadmills.

These energy generating methods can be coupled with solar energy to power not only the Health and Wellness Center, but the larger campus.

HOLISTIC WELLNESS

ACCESSIBILITY AND STUDENT SUCCESS

The Beacon is the nucleus for all things health and wellness, seeking to build a community around recreation and wellness. Following a traditional model of the Recreation Center, the program includes various studios, as well as a climbing area. For a more encompassing view of human health and wellness, the program will expands from the typical model to include nutritional education, as well as address mindfulness and stress relief with yoga and meditation studios.

To bridge the gap of accessibility and success for students with different family arrangements and physical needs, childcare facilities and universal changing rooms are also present.

RR RR

DW

OPEN TO BELOW

MEDITATION

Remington YMCA | GEC Architecture

DANCE STRETCHING AREA DW

YOGA

3RD FLOOR

UNIVERSAL CHANGING ROOMS Remington YMCA | GEC Architecture

DW

ELEV DW

TRACK Sweelinck Conservatorium | Piero Lissoni

University of Vermont Discovery Kitchen | Ricca Design Studios

SFU UniverCity Childcare | HCMA

RR

OPEN TO BELOW

SFU UniverCity Childcare | HCMA

RR

DW

National Cathedral School, Athletic Center | CannonDesign

ENERGY ANALYSIS

The building’s energy is largely driven by equipment loads. By using high preforming roof, wall, and floor insulation, 3 pane windows, efficient lighting, well prefomring equipment, an EUI of 15 is achieved. The baseline for a building of this size is 43, with an EUI of 13 as the target.

FITNESS

DW

ANNUAL ILLUMINANCE

The annual illumance reveals that the bulk of the floorplates recieve adaquet daylighting. At least 75% of the interior should reach 28 footcandles, which is achieved.

Adding daylight redirecting devices such as light shelves will bring light further into the space.

FITNESS

2ND FLOOR

OVERLIT AND UNDERLIT

sDA corresponds to how well lit a space is, and you want this metric at 75% or above.

As my scheme is at 56%, it is underlit, and therefore underpreforming. However, the spaces that are underlit do not require natural lighting. ASE corresponds to glare and overheating, and this metric should be at or below 10%. As my ASE is at 35%, shading devices are required to combat heat gain issues.

UP

DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS

A daylight factor IS between 2-5% for good daylighting. As seen above, my average DF is 5.04%, meaning from a daylghting perspective, my building is preforming well. Good daylighting reduces a building’s reliance reliance on electrical lighting. The atrium space is beneficial to the shceme, as it brings light further into the building and breaks up the floorplates.

SUSTAINABILITY

UP

Tanguay Furnishings| CoArchitecture

Environmental wellness and human health also influenced the structural member selection. Mass timber’s combination of aesthetics, structural performance, and opportunity for innovation lends itself well to a health and wellness center. Wood’s biophilic aspects have linked the use of exposed wood in buildings with improved occupant health and well-being. It is also incredibly aesthetically appealing. Mass timber also has a light carbon footprint and the ability to span long distances, making it ideal for a recreation and wellness center. In terms of structural framing, I used a combination of glulam and CLT to arrive at the long spans my program dictates the necessity of long spans.

RR UP

RR CLIMBING STORAGE

MULTI ACTIVITY CENTER UP

1ST FLOOR (BOTTOM OF HILL) 10’

SECTION

5’

10’

20’

20’

40’

60’

40’

60’

06

second iteration: transportation hub in stockton

Kitchen Food Seating

RR

Lobby Admin Business Center

Break

Lounge

Maintenance RR

Staff Training Facilities

Transit

Storage

Work Cafe

WeWork

Kitchen RR

Circulation

Retail

Food Seating

Retail Lounge

Lounge

RR

Outer Concourse

Public Waiting Station Ops

Train

Computer Rm

Controlled Concourse Controlled Waiting

Lounge RR

Lounge

Station Control

program diagram

RR

06

axonometric site drawing

site plan

drawing by William Talamantes

06

floor 0

floor 1

floor 2

06

cross section

drawing by William Talamantes

06

third iteration: transportation hub in stockton

site analysis

program diagram

Dining

Outdoor Dining

06

train diagram

drawing by William Talamantes

Fractured program

Improved circulation and Porosity

site plan

drawing by William Talamantes

8

A

B

C

D

E

F

1

Ticket Sales

Lost & Found Baggage Storage

Station Control

Station Info

Retail

Retail

2

Security

Passenger Services UP

Staff Locker Room Station Agent

3 UP

Controlled Concourse

Train

06

4

UP

-

RR

RR

WeWork

5 Computer Room

Storage

Station Operations

6

7

UP

8

Kitchen

Kitchen Kitchen

Kitchen

Kitchen Kitchen

floor 0

Kitchen

floor 1

8

A

B

C

D

E

F

1

1

Entrepenuership Center

2

DN

2

3

DN

Work Cafe

3 DN

4

4 WeWork

5

5

6

6

7 DN

7

8

8 Bus

A

B

C

D

E

F

1

Ticket Sales

Lost & Found Baggage Storage

Station Info

Retail

Retail

2

Security

Passenger Services UP

Staff Locker Room Station Agent

3 DN

4

UP

-

RR

RR

WeWork

5 Storage

floor 2

Station Operations

6

06

schematic section

06

8

east elevation

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Roof 34’-0”

Lvl 2 17’-0”

Lvl 1 0’-0”

06

outdoor waiting

west (main) entrance

06

indoor concourse

business center looking to work cafe

06

final iteration: transportation hub in stockton Specific to the transportation center, we solved for the problem of “you can not be what you can not see�. We created an environment to foster and generate solutions to contribute to the growth of the Stockton. The transit center is a handshake to the community, a place for is business owners and professionals to work together, interact, and learn from each other. The ground floor though is the most porous creating an inviting face to the building and campus as a whole.

The staircases are designed to pull people up and through the building. Within the main building of the transit center, the second floor dedicated to the shared resources between the WeWork and Business Center, students and professionals come together. The third floor has private support areas for these functions.

Along the street edge, grab and go dining moduals as well as a retail area greets users. Overhangs and trellises provide shading for outdoor seating and lounge. A diversity in seating was also used to accommodate user preference and flexibility throughout the interior and exterior programmatic areas. The flexibility in seating and program provides a space for interaction, innovation, while fostering a sense of belonging.

PROJECT OUTCOMES Exceeds Architecture 2030 Benchmark for Energy Use Electricity Generation Carbon Sequestering Energy Cost $-0.54 Energy Use Intensity -0.48 kBTU/ft2/yr

site analysis

drawing by William Talamantes

06

performance outcomes: daylighting

performance outcomes

06

edge condition diagram

EXISTING ABOVE GROUND TRAIN TRACKS

train intervention diagram

SUBMERGE TRACKS FOR CONTINUITY AND CONNECTIVITY

06

PRELIMINARY MASSING elongated e/w axis for solar control

massing diagram

EXPLODE to capitalize on stockton’s climate and increase connection and porosity to downtown business areas

PUS to b spa

SH/PULL break up building massing and provide ample outdoor ace

LARGE OVERHANGS to provide shading

06 MASS TIMBER GLULAM AND CLT CONSTRUCTION Mass timber offers a lighter carbon footprint, as well as construction efficiency.

Mass timber is a renewable and sustainable resource and offers carbon sequestering. Mass timber offers fast erection, less construction traffic, and fewer workers.

Structurally, it’s lighter than its steel and concrete counterparts, in turn lowering the forces for seismic resistance. Wood hold biophilic properties, and when it’s exposed, it leads to improved occupant health and well-being. Mass timber is particularly attractive for universities as entire projects can be constructed over summer break, due to the potential efficiencies of modular designs. Additionally, the lighter carbon footprint, and postitve impacts of exposed wood on student-welling being make it desirable.

06

program

CIRCULATION

TRANSPORTATION

COMMERCIAL/DINING

OFFICE

CONCOURSE

POPULATION SERVED The transportation hub stands as the main entrance for the campus, bringing together people from all ages and backgrounds. Entrepreneurs, business leaders, students, staff, and faculty alike will be drawn together in one space.

PROGRAMMATIC ELEMENTS The project includes transportation, commercial, and office elements. Functions vital to transportation needs include ticketing, station information, passenger services, station agent, lost and found, baggage storage, security, station control, computer room, transportation agency, facility management, station operations, and station administration. Functions under commercial include retail and indoor and outdoor dining. Office elements include a business center and WeWork that use shared conference and breakout rooms, corporate classroom, and work cafe.

TRANSIT WAITING Located on the southeast corner of campus, visitors, students, staff, and faculty arrive by either bus, train, bike, or on foot, fitting in with the eco-goals of the project. Public transportation allows a decreased carbon footprint, and gives the residents of Stockton increased mobility, as car-usage is limiting in terms of cost.

Users are greeted to a vibrant campus with a focus on natural materials.

INDOOR CONCOURSE The indoor concourse provides a welcoming atmosphere and vibrant ambiance. With spaces for lounge, study, and work, and close proximity to dining, the concourse is the cross roads of all the project functions, and truly the most flexible area. It offers a temperature-controlled waiting area, with office functions on the second and third floors. These areas promote chance encounters and bring people together from different backgrounds in a common space.

The social nature of this area increases opportunities for chance encounters and cross-pollination.

WORK CAFE The work cafe, and accompanying shared spaces, is a dynamic space that connects students and business leaders. The system of spaces promotes collaboration, both planned and spontaneous. Instead of separating the business center and we work spaces, the second floor marries them, with shared conference and breakout rooms, as well as a corporate classroom and lounge area. Thus, this space fosters collaboration between students and professionals by working side-by-side in a space designed for focus, innovation, and connection.

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outdoor waiting

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southern entrance (main)

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indoor concourse

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work cafe

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north perspective

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site plan

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underground

first floor

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second floor

third floor

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schematic cross section

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double skin facade diagram

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schematic cross section

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detailed s section/elevation/axon

drawings by William Talamantes

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detailed n section/elevation/axon

7_in reflection

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in reflection

Looking back at my work over two-quarter, its clear just how far I’ve come and how much I’ve grown as a designer. With Stockton, the best intentions led to disastrous results. This is reflected in my own design process. While my early designs had good intentions, there were unintended consequences with some of the decisions I made. Through the iterative design process, I was able to work out the kinks in my design and end up with a thoughtful project that responded to its place. While its now up to the California legislature about whether CSU Stockton is just a dream or will one day become a realty, one thing remains certain: Stockton is on the way up. A university would undeniably benefit a city that has been largely ignored by California, ultimately the legislature has to balance other issues other than deservedness.

In the realm of transportation centers, this is a relatively new programmatic element for university campuses. There is no doubt in my mind that as new universities are constructed, and old ones are renovated, the transportation center will emerge as an essential hub for students and the surrounding community.

Despite the challenges COVID-19 and virtual learning posed, our studio was able to overcome them. For Stockton, COVID-19 may be incredibly detrimental to the huge leaps the city has made during Mayor Tubbs’ administration.

Global pandemics throw into question the use of public transportation, student housing, and even face-to-face learning itself. It will be interesting to see how we as a society adapt to a post-COVID-19 world, and how the pandemic will continue to effect our new realty.

While we as a studio we able to overcome so much, the studio culture proved difficult to replicate. Throughout the two-quarter process, and the global pandemic, I have become increasingly aware of architecture’s ability to inspire and uplift, as well as the importance of spontaneous collaboration. These spontaneous connections cannot be achieved easily in a virtual setting, so I am optimistic that even in a post-COVID world, students will see the benefit of attending universities face-to-face. After all, learning occurs everywhere on college campuses.

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