BAP: Diana Center by ddutchr

DIANA CENTER AT BARNARD COLLEGE BUILDING ANALYSIS BY ASHLEY PANG + LIAM HERMAN | INSTRUCTOR PONITZ | FALL 2020

DIANA CENTER AT BARNARD COLLEGE Project Location: New York City, New York Architect: Weiss/Manfredi

Executive Architect (Project Manager): Mike Harshman Structural Engineer: Severud Associates Landscape Architecture Consultants: HM White Site Architects Civil Engineer: Langan Engineering and Environmental Services General Contractor: Bovis Lend Lease MEPFP/Vertical Transportation Engineering Consultant: Jaros, Baum & Bolles Consulting Engineers Curtain Wall Consultant: R.A Heintges Architects Consultants Lighting Design Consultant: Brandston Partnership AV/IT/General Acoustics /Security Consultants: Cerami & Associates with TM Technology Partners Food Service Consultant: Ricca Newmark Design Retail Consultant: Jeanne Giordano Cost Estimator: AMIS Inc. Sustainability Consultant: Viridian Energy & Environmental Theatre Consultant: Fisher Dachs Associates Theatre Acoustic Consultant: Jaff eHolden Acoustics

Front Cover:

Diana Center at Barnard College

Photograph © Albert Vecerka/Esto. “The Diana Center at Barnard College / Weiss/Manfredi.” December 19, 2010. ArchDaily. Accessed September 21, 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/97256/the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi/50134d5728ba0d0ef0000c1f-the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi-photo

Images left to right:

Diana Center at Barnard College

Photograph © Albert Vecerka/Esto. “The Diana Center at Barnard College / Weiss/Manfredi.” December 19, 2010. ArchDaily. Accessed November 23, 2020. hhttps://www.archdaily.com/97256/the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi/50134d6528ba0d0ef0000c22-the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi-photo?next_project=no

Diana Center at Barnard College

Photograph © Albert Vecerka/Esto. “The Diana Center at Barnard College / Weiss/Manfredi.” December 19, 2010. ArchDaily. Accessed November 20, 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/97256/the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi/50134d2828ba0d0ef0000c18-the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi-photo?next_project=no

Diana Center at Barnard College

Photograph © Albert Vecerka/Esto. “The Diana Center at Barnard College / Weiss/Manfredi.” December 19, 2010. ArchDaily. Accessed September 21, 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/97256/the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi/50134d5128ba0d0ef0000c1e-the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi-photo?next_project=no

Diana Center at Barnard College

Photograph © Albert Vecerka/Esto. “The Diana Center at Barnard College / Weiss/Manfredi.” December 19, 2010. ArchDaily. Accessed November 23, 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/97256/the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi/50134d4528ba0d0ef0000c1c-the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi-photo

Diana Center at Barnard College

Photograph © Albert Vecerka/Esto. “The Diana Center at Barnard College / Weiss/Manfredi.” December 19, 2010. ArchDaily. Accessed November 23, 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/97256/the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi/50134d4b28ba0d0ef0000c1d-the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi-photo

01 | STORY Weiss/Manfredi strives to break through thresholds between architecture. They approach design as a way to create catalysts for what was already there. The Diana Center acts as a social and arts space for Barnard college and is full of clear, intentional connections to the world outside as well as the people around it, following the firm’s vision of buildings as living and participating reflections of their purpose and setting, tying in that theme across a huge variety of spaces. The Diana Center was built for Barnard College, a private liberal-arts school for women. The students required a space that supported public and collaborative spaces to conduct various social, artistic, and academic activities in. Weiss/Manfredi designed the Diana Center in 2003 and construction was completed in 2010. Between 2003 and 2010, one of the salient topics was sustainability, which affected the design of the building envelope, apertures, and MEP systems. The project is located in New York City, New York and is 98,000 square feet. Over the last 10 years, not much has changed for the Diana Center. To connect to existing campus buildings, the architects chose a copper-red color facade: “The colors change depending how the light and its angle play with the etching, shifting from dull copper brown to copper red. The colors enter into a conversation with the traditional buildings. The idea is a building that changes over the course of a day,” said Marion Weiss of Weiss/Manfredi. The architect’s primary design goals were to facilitate user interactions by creating spaces that enhanced student life and created meeting spaces. The experiential quality that the facade offers through the all-glass curtain wall not only creates well-lit spaces, but also instigates conversation in highlighting circulation corridors such as the main staircase and the stepped atria.

Weiss/Manfredi

Photograph © WEISS/MANFREDI. “MARION WEISS AND MICHAEL MANFREDI RECEIVE 2020 THOMAS JEFFERSON FOUNDATION MEDAL IN ARCHITECTURE.” 2020. Weiss/Manfredi. Accessed November 23, 2020. http://www. weissmanfredi.com/news/marion-weiss-and-michael-manfredi-receive-2020-thomas-jefferson-foundation-medal-in-architecture

Smith College

Photograph © Jeff Goldberg/Esto. “Smith College Campus Center.” 2003. Weiss/Manfredi. Accessed September 21, 2020. http://www.weissmanfredi.com/project/smith-college-campus-center

Kent State Center for Architecture and Environmental Design

Photograph © Albert Vecerka/Esto. “Kent State Center for Architecture and Environmental Design.” 2013. Weiss/Manfredi. Accessed November 23, 2020. http://www.weissmanfredi.com/project/kent-state-center-for-architecture-and-environmental-design

Krishna P. Singh Center for Nanotechnology

Photograph © Albert Vecerka/Esto. “Krishna P. Singh Center for Nanotechnology / WEISS/MANFREDI.” October 7, 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed November 23, 2020. <https:// www.archdaily.com/435129/krishna-p-singh-center-for-nanotechnology-weiss-manfredi>

Diana Center Form-finding Diagram

Diagram © Weiss/Manfredi. “Barnard College Diana Center.” 2010. Weiss/Manfredi. Accessed September 21, 2020. http://www.weissmanfredi.com/project/bar

mechanical room (plant)

Floor slab Distribution: Radiant heating (hydronic) Structure: Cross-bracing Structure: Beams Structure: Girders Structure: Columns Distribution: Linear return diffuser Distribution: Linear supply diffuser Circulation: Experiential Stair Circulation: Fire Stair

concrete topping on steel moment frame

HVAC distribution Systems Diagram

Overall the Diana Center works to integrate circulation and site through the skin. The facade system of ceramic-frit glass reveals the main vertical experiential stair and controls solar gain through the variation of glazing along the exterior walls. The burnt orange mimics the brick masonry buildings on the rest of the campus, resulting in a architectural connection of the more contemporarystyled Diana Center. Five of the building’s stories are above ground, two are below ground; Weiss/Manfredi used the sloped site to their advantage where only the N side of Lower Level 1 peeks out, creating a nice connection to the ground level. The site itself in front of the building is terraced to create more user interaction in the quad-like greenspace.

At the start of this project, the most noticeable feature of the Diana Center was the revealed circulatory stair that jutted out from the angular box of the building. After researching and analyzing the structure, skin, and circulatory systems, the most ingenious feature is the ceramic-frit facade. Though unassuming and seemingly monotonous at first glance, the facade aids in spotlighting circulation paths and connecting to the site, while also controlling the thermal envelope and movement of air through cross-ventilation.

02 | SITE

HUDSON RIVER 120 TH

TA VE

RIVERSIDE PARK

SITE: DIANA CENTER

RI VE R

SID

116 TH

OA DW AY

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

SITE CONTEXT

Google Earth image edited by authors

SOUTHERN AND NORTHEASTERN PREVAILING WINDS

S N 0

50’

100’

200’

300’

600’

bus stop

120

Br oa d

330

150

wa y

pedestrian approach from subway station

300

W Urban Context Diagram

210 240

Diana Center is located in New York, a temperate climate. The curtain wall uses a variance of opaque and transparent glass to maximize daylighting according to program. Double layer, low-E glass with an air pocket keeps heat within the building. Green roof designed for insulation and rainwater absorption. Concrete floors provide thermal massing that collects heat during the day and releases it gradually at night. Diana Center -- with all the aforementioned features -- earned the LEED Gold Certification from the US Green Building Council. However, it is still on the Manhattan power grid that is largely sourced by the burning of fossil fuels. Around the time of construction, Manhattan switched to New Jersey power which was applauded as a “clean” supply choice. Despite plenty of news about it, it is unclear as to where this “clean” energy comes from which is concerning considering almost all of New Jersey’s power comes from fossil fuels as well. A significant portion, though, is from nuclear so I would assume this is the clean energy they claim to be sending to Manhattan. In addition to the lack of a mention of on-site energy production, the project energy environmental consultant, Viridian doesn’t list the Diana Center in its projects section on its website, so we can assume they didn’t fit the building with any systems. Diana Center gets its water from the Catskill/Delaware (97%) and Croton (3%) supplies. The Catskill Delaware draws from the Ashokan Reservoir in Ulster County, NY and the Croton draws from the Croton river. After passing across great aqueducts, these supplies use balancing reservoirs to store the water again closer to the city. Wastewater is flushed into the nearby Hudson and Harlem Rivers after use.

DOWN

03 | SPACE

LECTURE ROOM

CIRCULATORY STAIR UP

DOWN

RESTROOM

FIRE STAIR

RESTROOM

OFFICE

ATRIA

OFFICE

CONFERENCE ROOM

OFFICE

CONFERENCE ROOM

OFFICE

FIFTH FLOOR PLAN

OFFICE

S.01

FIFTH FLOOR

CLAREMONT AVE

MILBANK HALL (FISKE) THE MILSTEIN CENTER

ALTSCHUL HALL Milbank Hall

FUTTER FIELD

ENTRANCE UP

DOWN

RESTROOMS

UP UP

DOWN

OCCULUS

LOBBY

CONFERENCE ROOM

MILBANK HALL (BRINCKERHOFF)

S.01

WORKSPACE WORKSPACE DOWN

OFFICE

PRIVATE WORKSPACE

BROADWAY

SITE + GROUND PLAN RESTROOM

RESTROOM

CLASSROOM

CIRCULATORY STAIR UP

DOWN

FIRE STAIR

DOWN

AUDITORIUM HALL

S.01

CIRCULATORY STAIR

DOWN DOWN

BASEMENT LEVEL 2

BASEMENT LEVEL 2 PLAN 8

SCALE: 1/64” = 1’ - 0”

N 0

5' 10'

20'

30'

50'

Moment Frame

Photograph © Albert Vecerka/Esto. “Metals in Construction.” Spring 2011. Steel Institue of New York. Accessed September 21, 2020.https://siny.org/project/barnard_college_diana_center/

GREEN ROOF FACULTY OFFICES SEMINAR STUDIOS STUDIOS COMP. LAB CONFERENCE DINING ATRIA EVENTS LECTURE ANCILLARY / MECHANICAL

Program diagram

3D printed 1/32 scale massing model.

Moment Frame Structure

Photograph © Albert Vecerka/Esto. “Metals in Construction.” Spring 2011. Steel Institue of New York. Accessed September 21, 2020.https://siny.org/project/barnard_college_diana_center/

ROOF FLOOR

Using a moment-frame structural system, the floor plates and the curtain wall panels of glass can be free of any visual disruptions. The structure allows for clear views throughout the building, especially in the stepped atria.

FIFTH FLOOR FOURTH FLOOR THIRD FLOOR SECOND FLOOR GROUND FLOOR BASEMENT LEVEL 2 BASEMENT LEVEL 1

S.01 S.01

SCALE: 1/64” = 1’ - 0” 0

10'

20'

30'

50'

04 | SKIN 17. Full-height curtain wall with operable 1/4-5/81/4” aluminum double glazing units with opaque to transparent colored silk-screened glass

18. Cladding consisting of extruded anodized aluminum with 3” batt insulation, 6 1/4 x 6 1/4” steel L-profile (parallel to plain of section) connecting facade to slab, shaped sheet aluminum

Facade Detail

Drawing © Ryan, Raymund. “The Diana Center at Barnard College: New York, USA - Weiss/ Manfredi.” The Plan: Architecture & Technology in Detail, no. 53 (October 1, 2011): 54.

Ceramic-frit Glass

Photograph © Heintges. “Barnard College Diana Center.” 2010. Heintges Building Envelope & Curtain Wall Consultants. Accessed September 21, 2020. https://heintges.com/barnard-college-diana-center/

Cladding Diagram

Ceramic-frit Glass

The cladding system is a curtain wall of ceramic-frit glass with aluminum framing. Weiss/Manfredi chose glass of varying patterning/gradients to tailor to the specific light needs of the building programs. The panels not only add to the aesthetic value and bridge a connection to the surrounding brick terracotta-colored buildings, but also allow for lighting where program requires and blocks views where privacy is needed. Automated shading and operable windows help lower the burden on cooling/heating costs.

the grand entrance facade faces the courtyard and is mostly screened in. With a combination of fully and partially opaque panels, the main building face is only around one quarter glass, however, this facade also features angled protruding floors that are entirely clad in glass. Because of the surface area of these protrusions, this facade altogether ends up still being around a 50/50 ratio despite featuring vastly different areas and appearing far more closed off than its counterparts due to the heavily screened main face.

The Diana Center features flat facades made of alternating panels of floor-to-ceiling glass and fully opaque screens. Dispersed among the panels on some facades, there are semiopaque screens. The ratio of glass to opaque screen panels varies depending on the solar orientation of each facade. On the Broadway-facing southeast facade, the ratio appears to be about 50/50. This is matched on the much slimmer Southwest facade as well. The opposite slim facade on the Northeast is mostly glass, sitting at around a 70/30 ratio. On the Northwest,

The design decisions of these facades mostly align with the expectations for their solar orientations. The Southfacing facades simultaneously feature the least glass and the most even spacing, allowing as much light as they can while keeping day-time heat gain to a minimum. The liberties are taken in the lower-risk North direction. Here the facades feature much larger chunks of glass to allow majorly daylit spaces that contribute to the experience without taking in too much heat.

Diagram © Weiss/Manfredi. “Barnard College Diana Center.” 2010. Accessed September 21, 2020. http:// www.weissmanfredi.com/project/bar

05 | STRUCTURE

Steel moment frame used to meet program needs of 7-story educational use building, resulting in a structure with the least amount of structural obstructions (shear walls/cross-bracing) as possible. The primary structural system uses A992 50 ksi strength steel. Columns visible to building users are encased in concrete for both aesthetic and fire protection reasons. The most structural intensive parts of the building include the 40’ span transfer girder that supports the 3 stories above and beams supporting the roof garden. The building uses a concrete foundation, with two stories below ground.

1/32 scale structural frame model.

STRUCTURE: COLUMNS N

0 5’ 10’ 20’ 30’

50’

concrete topping on metal decking

ROOF

5TH FLOOR

4TH FLOOR

3RD FLOOR

Structural Framing Diagram 2ND FLOOR

minimal cross-bracing moment steel frame GROUND LEVEL

Circulatory Stair Exit Access Exit Exit Discharge

06 | CIRCULATION

ROOF

radiant floor heating (hydronic)

5TH FLOOR

Linear Return Diffuser (distribution) 4TH FLOOR

Linear Supply Diffuser (distribution)

3RD FLOOR

2ND FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR

LOWER LEVEL 1

LOWER LEVEL 2

mechanical room (plant)

Egress Life Safety Diagram Egress Stair Circulatory Stair Elevator

Mechanical Distribution Diagram

Circulation Path

ROOF

The Diana Center utilizes a hydronic thermal comfort system that disperses heat consistently and evenly throughout the floor plates. This is constructed by a network of thin hoses zig-zagging beneath the tiles and carpets. The hoses are fed with hot water by 3 mechanical shafts. There is a large supply and return shaft in the northern side of the building that goes from the primary plant in the basement. Towards the center, there are two sets of shafts as well that address the top half and bottom half of the building. While some information is missing for the Diana Center’s hydronic system, we can infer that these are most likely fed from the main shaft through the floor. All of the hoses and supply lines are concealed in the floor plates just like the mechanical shafts are hidden within the moment frame. The hydronic network is inconspicuous in this manner and allows for a very effective, nofuss operation providing constant thermal comfort. Altogether, the hydronic system is distributed very seamlessly in a similar fashion to the structural system.

5TH FLOOR

4TH FLOOR

3RD FLOOR

2ND FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR

LOWER LEVEL 1

LOWER LEVEL 2

Circulation Network Diagram

07 | BUILDING PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS via Cove Tool

via ZeroCode

The Diana Center comes close to the 2030 target of EUI score 33.18 based on the approximated 3D model, which is what can be assumed for today’s energy standard. The main energy loads come from heating the building and equipment needed in the classrooms and labs. The two subground levels are factored into the overall sDA and ASE, which makes the conceptual performance a rough estimation, but accounts for the lighting load. Since the Diana Center is for university education, the greatest loads would be plug loads, assuming that the building is passively designed to minimize cooling and heating loads. Even though the Diana Center has mostly glazing on the exterior, the exterior wall-glazing unit assembly appears to be more complex than at first glance––which helps reduce heating loads significantly. Some parts of the facade have an insulated wall in back of the opaque panels, adding to the IGU thermal resistance.

08 | REFERENCES “Barnard College Diana Center.” 2010. Heintges. https://heintges.com/barnard-college-diana-center/ • Curtain wall glazing panels • Design process “Barnard College Diana Center.” 2011. Steel Institute of New York. https://siny.org/project/barnard_college_diana_center/ • Construction photos • Structural system, framing members, steel strength Giovannini, Joseph. “Diana Center.” May 25, 2010. ARCHITECT Magazine. https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/buildings/diana-center_o • Detailed description of interior spaces and urban fabric to project circulation experience • Full list of project contributors Jones, April. “Sources of Harlem, New York City Drinking Water.” August 8. 2019. Epic Water Filters. https://www.epicwaterfilters.com/blogs/news/harlem-nyc-water-quality-report#:~:text=In%202017%2C%20Harlem%20received%20a,percent%20 was%20supplied%20by%20Croton • Water sources in area Jordana, Sebastian. “The Diana Center at Barnard College Achieves Leed Gold Rating.” February 18, 2011. ArchDaily. <https://www.archdaily.com/113101/the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-achieves-leed-gold-rating> • LEED goals and features Manfredi, Michael A., and Marion Weiss. Weiss/Manfredi: Surface/subsurface. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2008. • Detailed plans Meinhold, Bridgette. “Barnard College’s Diana Center is a Green-Roofed Gem in NYC.” September 11, 2010. INHABIT. https://inhabitat.com/barnard-college-makes-an-eco-statement-with-diana-center/ • Sustainability strategies for performance and mechanical systems Rueb, Emily. “How New York City Gets Its Electricity.” February 10, 2017. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/02/10/nyregion/how-new-york-city-gets-its-electricity-power-grid.html • Renewable energy in context of city Ryan, Raymund. “The Diana Center at Barnard College: New York, USA - Weiss/ Manfredi.” The Plan: Architecture & Technology in Detail, no. 53 (October 1, 2011): 50–60. • Site context, program • Facade detail drawings Sokol, David. “ALL OF THE ABOVE: THE DIANA CENTER’S CURTAIN WALL EMBODIES MULTIPLE CHOICES OF SHADING, INSULATING, CONNECTING.” September 2011. Word and Stone. https://wordandstone.wordpress.com/2011/09/24/all-of-the-above-the-diana-center%E2%80%99s-curtain-wall-embodies-multiple-choices-of-shading-insulating-connecting/ • Facade: curtain wall glazing and insulation

“The Diana Center at Barnard College / Weiss/Manfredi.” December 19, 2010. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/97256/the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi • Exterior and interior photographs • Site Plan • Plan and section drawings • Diagrams: axonometric skin “The lights are in Manhattan, the electricity comes from New Jersey.” February 2017. INSIGHT. https://www.prysmiangroup.com/en/insight/projects/the-lights-are-in-manhattan-the-electricity-comes-from-new-jersey • Local sources of electricity Weiss/Manfredi. “Barnard College Diana Center.” 2010. Weiss/Manfredi. http://www.weissmanfredi.com/project/bar • Architect’s project description • Process sketches, diagrams

Back Cover:

Diana Center at Barnard College