DEAR GLOBAL GIRLS WOMEN IN STEM & ENTREPRENEURSHIP COVER DESIGN BY ISABELLA CHAVEZ
You Can Montana Lagat + Pg. 4
The Stem Culture Asmi Gujral + Pg. 5
Buttercups in a Daisy Field Sophianne Leung + Pg.6
Those Who Came Before
Montana Lagat + Pg. 8 The Stem Olivia Gap Onyemaobi's Invisible Sophianne Leung + Story Sophianne Leung + Pg. 14 Pg. 10 Naina Giri + Pg. 12
OCTOBER 2020 ISSUE
E
Our Message Dear GlobalGirls and fellow readers,
Dear GlobalGirls is a monthly digital magazine dedicated to educate, inspire, and empower young girls around the globe. Our mission is to empower girls through educating them on current events and social issues, highlighting young girls who show leadership in their communities, and overall creating a welcoming and resourceful space. Founded by two Generation Z high school students from New York City, we strive to encourage girls to speak out for themselves, inspiring them to become the next leaders of our generation. This month’s topics focus on highlighting women in STEM and entrepreneurship. Our team worked diligently expressing their emotions, experiences, and research when writing about these incredible women. We have such passionate writers who put their voices into their pieces calling for change. It is truly inspiring to see their voices come to life on paper. Read our magazine and learn about the stigma surrounding women in STEM and entrepreneurship, along with the shocking ratio of men to women in these workforces. Throughout this magazine, we hope you feel empowered and inspired to pursue careers in STEM and entrepreneurship. Prove these men wrong, be the few women in a class size of hundreds. You are taking the first step to change. Here at DearGlobalGirls we are informing you that you are good enough, smart enough, and never let anyone tell you that you do not belong in these classrooms. With these topics in mind, we are excited to see what is in store for Dear GlobalGirls as we continue to create monthly magazines around the globe serving to educate, inspire, and empower girls around the world! We hope you take away a new piece of information in mind and take your part in creating a more equitable society. Lastly, a huge thank you to our team who have been dedicated to serving our organization in the creation of our monthly magazines. We’d love to hear all your thoughts and suggestions so please email us a dearglobalgirls@gmail.com to chat or give feedback. Sincerely, Sandra and Talia (founders)
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You Can By Montana Lagat Never be the victim Always be a fighter Never be weak Always be strong and independent Never conform Always reform Break the barriers Invent, research, create 28 women for every 72 men in the lab Let’s make it 50/50 Defy the stereotypes No more expectations So, rock that cloak of white And pick up that notebook It’s not a man’s job You can and you will Always persevere and never have fear “I am not a woman in science. I am a scientist.” - Donna Strickland
The Stem Culture By Asmi Gujral
A not-so-hot-take: Diversity is important. When looking at all of the accomplishments that women/transgender/gender non-conforming/nonbinary people have made, and all of the contributions they have provided to society, it is alarmingly clear that intelligence and innovation are irrespective of one’s identity. From calculating computer algorithms (Ada Lovelace), to locomotive chimneys (Mary Walton), to the microelectrode (Ida Hyde), women/TGNC/NB, specifically from the turn of the 20th century, can be credited for a lot of the modern technological advancements that we have today. These inventions are just a few of the many contributions that a diverse set of engineers have made. However, it does not nearly encompass the amount of aspiring women/TGNC/NB inventors and engineers, who have dropped out from the STEM field due to social challenges/difficulties.9 According to the National Center for Education Statistics, women make up 20% of engineering graduates, but an estimated 40% of women, who earn engineering degrees, either quit or do not enter the profession. In a study conducted by Susan B. Silbey at Harvard Business Review to measure the gender disparity in engineering, participants had reported that “men and women succeeded equally in the classroom”; however, women end up doubting themselves and their abilities in engineering more, as compared to their male counterparts. One participant noted, “The biggest problem I seem to be having [is] self-doubt. I would look at a problem, and think of a way to solve it, but then I would second guess myself, and convince myself that my way of answering the question must be wrong, but then, it would turn out that I was correct the whole time. I don’t understand why I keep doubting myself so much… Lack of confidence has never ever been a problem for me.” This remark of second-guessing and self-doubt introduces the concept of the “imposter syndrome”, a feeling best described as feeling
10
11
inadequate and incompetent despite receiving successful results, which is very prominent in STEM culture. The “imposter syndrome” is also a feeling shared by women/TGNC/NB when entering the STEM field, and is one of the key reasons why there is such a gender disparity in the tech industry; because women, transgender, gender-non-conforming and non-binary folks feel inadequate and alienated for pursuing STEM. When it comes to making mistakes in the profession, often times (speaking as a CIS woman of color in STEM myself) women will feel guilty for making mistakes, and be burdened with representing all people of their identity (due to the obvious lack of representation in the field itself), whereas the male experience will be drastically more lenient to making mistakes. This is not to speak on the experiences of all women/TGNC/NB people, as each person has different experiences, and neither does this invalidate what men will feel throughout their careers regarding STEM. This simply serves as a reminder, that when it comes to professions in the science and technological industry, the experiences of women/TGNC/NB people will drastically differ, due to the discrimination that they face, as well as the underrepresentation of their identity. Writer’s Note: This article was written by a CIS WOC. While I can certainly empathize with TGNC/NB folks, I can never know what it is like to be them or face the same issues as them. That being said, if any of the information or the opinions expressed in this article was harmful to the TGNC/NB community, please don’t hesitate to reach out to me via email, accessible through the DGG database.
9 National Center for Education Statistics. (2015). Digest of Education Statistics, 2015. Retrieved August 13, 2020, from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_325.45.as. 10Silbey, S. (2016, August 23). Why Do So Many Women Who Study Engineering Leave the Field? Retrieved August 13, 2020, from https://hbr.org/2016/08/why-do-so-many-women-who-study-engineering-leave-the-field. 11Silbey, S. (2016, August 23). Why Do So Many Women Who Study Engineering Leave the Field? Retrieved August 13, 2020, from https://hbr.org/2016/08/why-do-so-many-women-who-study-engineering-leave-the-field.
Buttercups in a Daisy Field By Sophianne Leung
They say she has no place here That her dark hair, yellow skin will never fit in a white field Laboratories are for the white coats Light haired White skin She will never fit in She will never belong If she’s not perfect They won’t take her Perfect is taken grudgingly Anything less is disdainful Only perfect girls make the cut And only perfect girls They must stay They laugh because she’s quiet They sneer because she fades into the background But fading isn’t an option, isn’t a choice Fading Is on purpose Fading Is the only option Perfect is how she’s defined It’s standing on the exact center of the seesaw Too quiet and you’re incompetent Too loud and you’re aggressive It’s always too little Yet always too much
She’s squeezed into a rectangular box much too small No room to do No room to feel No room to dream Any sign of intelligence is a sign of a smart-aleck Because being a girl And being Asian? Bound twice to a burning pole She has her chance in school, they say Had her chance to be top of the class But this is reality, they mouth But what stays inside Is that reality is not fair Because even the prettiest buttercups Even the hardiest, most durable ones The ones who have seen through thunderstorms and twisters, Tsunamis and earthquakes Even those stick out in a field of daisies
THOSE WHO CAME BEFORE Written by Montana Lagat
Inspirational, ingenious women have proven over the years that women are just as competent as men even when women were perceived as inferior to their male counterparts. These women have paved the way for future females, like myself who strive for a career in STEM, to be considered equal and to work alongside men within the numerous STEM fields from bioinformatics to pharmacology to civil engineering.
Polish-French chemist Marie Curie may be a familiar name due to her radiation research during which she discovered two chemical elements: radium and polonium. She was also the first woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize and was awarded this outstanding prize twice in the early 1900s. Her impact was not confined to the study of chemistry, but also extended to the medical field. In 1917 during World War I, she invented one of the first mobile x-ray units, which was crucial during the war and saved the lives of hundreds of soldiers and civilians. She devoted her life to her love of science and proved that women have a place in the science and medical fields. Needless to say, Curie is an inspirational icon to modern female scientists and her great accomplishments should be recognized and appreciated.
Rosalind Franklin is another iconic female scientist. Franklin is one of the unsung female heroes of scientific history. Unfortunately, however, her male co-researchers Francis Crick and James Watson took credit for her hallmark discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953. Yet, she never held nor displayed a hint of resentment towards them, which is what is so remarkable. In the end, however, she received proper posthumous recognition and is known worldwide today as one of the most important figures in the history of science. She is an inspiration to male and female scientists today because she was the embodiment of female power and intelligence. Her story has shed light on sexism within the science fields and is one reason why females are able to compete with men in related fields today.
Reshma Saujani, the founder of the Girls Who Code (GWC) organization is one of my greatest role models because of her inspirational life journey and achievements. She is the epitome of female power and is taking on an active role in “working to close the gender gap in technology and change the image of what a computer programmer looks like and does,” by creating Girls Who Code which primarily promotes female participation within the field of computer science and engineering. However, anyone can participate in these programs and GWC opportunities are extended to those interested. Her GWC summer and year-round club programs offer new hands-on experiences for school-aged children, especially girls, to learn more about computer science. Her programs also encourage sisterhood and teamwork, allowing participants to recognize the value in others and themselves. As founder of the nonprofit organization in 2012, she has impacted over 185,000 young women in all 50 states as well as in the United Kingdom and Canada. In addition to leading thousands of girls and boys in a historically underrepresented field, Saujani is an attorney, humanitarian activist, best-selling author, graduate of both Harvard University and Yale University and is part of the International Rescue Committee’s Board of Overseers, a committee that helps those in impoverished countries. She is an inspiration to numerous young women because of her outstanding accomplishments and courage to publicly speak about the growing role and competence of women in today’s workforce whether it be in a science lab, a computer lab, or in politics.
These women have paved the way for us to make our marks in whatever field we choose that will be remembered in the coming years and beyond. Their achievements are examples of what we should strive towards. We may not invent a new piece of machinery or discover an element, but whatever change we make is one step towards gender equality and female empowerment within the modern workforce.
Thank you to Marie Curie, Rosalind Franklin, Reshma Saujani, and others for giving rise to and inspiring a new wave of ambitious young women who dream of working in traditionally male-dominated fields.
THE STEM GAP By:
Sophianne
Leung
It is clear that in this male-dominated world, women are a minority in most workplaces. However, imagine this. You are standing in the doorway of a room, a laboratory, maybe, or a computer room, with 100 people in it. 28 are women. Well, welcome to the data for women in STEM.
In the workforce, women make up 28% in science, technology, engineering and math, 1
some of the fastest growing and highest paying jobs. It is no different in college. In fact, it is likely that the 28 women in the room you are picturing were a handful that majored in STEM fields in college. This is known as the STEM Gap.
To fully understand the concept of the STEM Gap, one must first turn to its main cause the Confidence Gap. The outdated myth that girls’ brains are incapable of math and are not naturally made for it is one of the world’s most self-destructive lies. As a result, “Many girls lose confidence in math by third grade. Boys, on the other hand, are more likely to say they are strong in math by 2nd grade, before any performance differences 1
are evident” (AAUW). It is extremely hard to have confidence in your own math and science skills when everyone around you is telling you that the very science you study says that your brain will never rival a boy’s.
The gap enlarges, however, as we grow up. By college, the number of girls in STEM classes slowly shrink and shrink, so that, for instance, “21% of engineering majors are women and only around 19% of computer and information science 1
majors are women” (AAUW). If you have not lost confidence by then, it is also probably that many women drop out simply because being the only girl in a roomful of boys is intimidating. You are constantly judged and watched, until you feel as if the whole reputation of the worlds’ girls in STEM rides upon your shoulders.
By the time we graduate and join the workforce, the gap becomes even more crystal clear. Women make up 80% of the healthcare staff, but only about “21% of health executives and board members are women, and only about a third of doctors. And, women are more highly represented in lower-paying fields, such as home health workers, nurses 1
and the lower-paying specialties such as pediatricians” (AAUW). STEM jobs are also some of the highest paying, earning about
⅔
1
more than those employed in other fields (AAUW), yet as you go up the pay level, you will see less
and less women working that job. So why is this happening? If girls’ brains are clearly equal to boys’ in size and structure, then why is the STEM field, especially jobs higher up, so male dominated? There are several answers to this, several key perpetrators that block women from entering the STEM field.
Gender stereotypes: As stated earlier, many teachers and parents underestimate a girl’s math and science capabilities, believing - and enforcing - that STEM is a masculine area only.
Male-dominated cultures: Also stated before, since STEM is so male dominated, they tend to create an exclusive culture, not very supportive or open to women.
Fewer role models: When many of the leaders of STEM in your textbooks are men, it is hard to have faith in yourself and others of the same gender. This is even more so for girls of color who see very little pioneers of their same race and gender.
“Math Anxiety”: In which teachers grade girls harder than boys, assuming that they need to work harder to achieve the same level as boys.
And, of course, the Confidence Gap, being the largest and most self-initiated.
The data becomes crystal clear. We need to do something, we need to increase the amount of girls in STEM. We need to break the gender barrier. We need to close the STEM Gap. So how can one change something that has existed for hundreds upon hundreds of years? Well, there are several ways.
Confidence. Ever heard someone casually remark that “confidence is key?” Well, that is certainly true here. 1 Raising awareness and changing these negative (and untrue) stereotypes about girls’ brains, as well as
providing them with strong women role models, are a sure way to boost young girls’ self confidence and diversify the STEM workforce.
Improve STEM education for girls in school by teaching about implicit biases and avoiding “math anxiety.” By encouraging girls to take higher level math and science classes, we are helping to create a more equal future in the STEM field.
Create a better, more accepting environment in college level STEM courses, and raise more awareness about the gender gap in them to help encourage more girls to join. Recruit more women into higher positions in the STEM workforce, and promote awareness about bias.
But despite how large these goals sound, they are possible. In 1876, Elizabeth Bragg became the first woman to 2
receive a bachelor's degree in engineering. Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards was the first woman admitted to the 2
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), graduated in 1873, and later became its first woman instructor. In 1918, Dorothy Hall Brophy was the first woman to receive a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering at the University of 2
Michigan. All of these women were only one person each, yet they broke down barriers, persevered where others did not, chose their paths, their careers, and worked in STEM when no one before them had. And if these historical women could do that in a time of such great gender inequality, then it is certain that any girl at this time, in this world, can make an equally impactful change.
1
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STEM
Gap:
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and
Girls
in
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and
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AAUW,
American
Association
of
University
Women,
2019,
https://www.aauw.org/resources/research/the-stem-gap/. 2 “History of Women Engineers.” All Together, Society of Women Engineers, 8 March 2019, https://alltogether.swe.org/2019/03/women-in-engineeringhistory/.
Olivia Onyemaobi's Story Interview by: Naina Giri
Countless of Nigerian girls and women struggle to get access to healthy menstrual and reproductive products. Education systems are often lacking in the arena of menstrual health, and some women even undergo sexual assault and rape in exchange for sanitary pads. One woman, a woman who had experienced the same trauma herself, made it a point to aid in this cause. Her name is Olivia Chinenye Onyemaobi, and I was lucky enough to interview her for her story.
What inspired you to create Pad-Up Creations? Any personal experiences?
Who has Pad-Up reached/affected, and how?
What do you have to say on menstrual health in Nigeria, and worldwide?
I had sexual abuse experiences as a teenager and suffered the trauma until 2015 when I told the experience to my husband. With his support, I started a campaign to rehabilitate other teenagers. I went to schools, educated children on what sexual abuses are, administered therapy on sexually abused ones to help them overcome the trauma. We counselled 1500 girls. 3 months later, we had a follow up, and found out most of them are still suffering sexual abuse. Some men, uncles, cousins, neighbors, teachers etc provide them with sanitary pads in exchange for sexual acts because their parents or guardians cannot provide them with sanitary pads on a monthly basis due to the increasing poverty rate.. We discovered that most of them use dry grasses, leaves, feathers, rags, etc. to care for their period. These improvised materials expose them to infections, or they will fall off or stain them, which results in bullying at schools. So I started making research from 20152016 on how to create a sustainable solution for the girls. And that was how we started Pad-Up Creations Limited in 2016. We have been able to connect over 1 million girls/women in 15 African countries with access to sanitary pads. This saves women from infections, sexual abuse, teenage pregnancies, early marriage, and above all, keeps them in schools even during their menstrual days. Over 15,000 women have been empowered to distribute our products across Africa. This helps them to earn a living wage. Since then, 103 permanent jobs have been created for staff who work in the factory. Our products also have helped save the planet by reducing the number of pads burnt or buried monthly. Up until now, many people are yet to understand that managing periods itself is a challenge, especially for those in rural and low income families. Girls didn't beg to have periods, so we need to make it easier for them. I usually say that periods without pads is the worst form of violence against girls. I think the government has a lot to do. For Nigeria, the government has relieved taxes on period products, but some African countries have VAT (aka value added tax) as high as 18% even on menstrual products, and this doesn't help matters at all. To achieve the SDG, we have to continue persuading the governments of countries to reduce/ abolish VAT on period products. There are still girls that use dry grasses, leaves, feathers, foam, sitting on sand, etc as a means of taking care of their period. If we must achieve the SDG, we have to consider providing them with sanitary pads.
Explain your journey starting the company. Along with goals, accomplishments, struggles, etc.
It was very difficult because I didn't have all the funds I needed but that didn't stop me. I made sure I had my vision, mission, business plans, value propositions, staff handbook, and work plans ready before starting. I was interviewing families while testing our prototypes. That took a period of 1 year. I used my savings, part of my pension and gratuity to start. So our selection into the Tony Elumelu Entrepreneurship foundation was a revalidation of my idea, and we received $5000 in 2016. So I quit my banking job in December, 2016 and fully in January, 2017. We also received a couple of grants; $2777 from British council Nigeria in 2018 and $3500 from ACT foundation Nigeria in 2019. Purpose/goals/initiatives: My main motivation is to see that every girl/woman, irrespective of economic class or location, finds pride in their period. Our mission is to deliver innovative sanitary solutions leveraging a skilled and motivated workforce with leading edge in research and technology to enhance customers’ value for their money. Our satisfaction comes from the cost we save families, and the dignity we help the girls find. Struggles: It's a common thing in Nigeria to have about 4 hours power supply in 24 hours. This really affects our cost. We have to power private power generating sets frequently which increases the cost of diesel usage. We have even invested in solar energy, but the capacity is not enough. We also have been bootstrapping for 4 years. This affects the growth speed, and we have not had enough funding to accelerate our capacity. Memorable accomplishments: Our major accomplishment among others is being the first company to get NAFDAC (National Agency for food, drug administration and control) certification for washable and reusable sanitary pads. We also pride in the expansion of our production facility to house over 250 people in a sitting. We have uncompromising quality standards and are also grateful for easy acceptance of our products in other countries.
What advice can you give to other female entrepreneurs?
The world may not give you all the support you need, but if you are consistent with your solution, the world will come looking for you.
How can others get involved? Our audience consists mainly of teenage girls, so what can they do to support this cause?
They can follow us on social media and share our messages, which will help attract the needed attention. Some teenagers have in the past raised funds for us to supply girls in rural and low income families.
How can others get involved? Our audience consists mainly of teenage girls, so what can they do to support this cause?
When we help a girl stay in school, we are helping a generation to become more employed in the near future. Access to menstrual care products should be one of the least problems a girl should have. Do your bit to help a girl find her dignity. I am doing mine.
Please check out their social media and websites for more information about their amazing, selfless cause. www.padupcreations.com info@Padupcreations.com Facebook : @Pad-Up Creations Twitter : @PadupC Instagram : @Padup_Creations YouTube : Pad-Up Creations
INVISIBLE By Sophianne Leung The funny thing about being invisible is that everyone thinks you’re there. In all the racial data, yellow seems to be the color that has bled through the paper, spreading and spreading until it no longer looks like it is there. Then the paper is white. Black. Brown. But not yellow. It is assumed that Asians are the STEM people, believing that because our standardized test scores are so high, particularly in math, we would make up much of the STEM workforce. And that is when invisibility becomes overpowering. In fact, contrary to what society likes to think, Asians, particularly Asian women, are overrepresented. What society says is often a different story from the data. Not only does the advancement of Asian women in STEM lag behind white people, but behind other minority races as well. In truth, only a very small amount of Asian women scientists and engineers hold positions higher up on the leadership board. Instead, 80% are found working non-faculty positions like lab assistants or post docs, while in industry, 70% of the 95% Asian women workers are in non-managerial positions (ISSUES)1.
National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2008. Table 9-26 “Employed doctoral scientists and engineers in 4-year educational institutions, by broad occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and tenure status: 2008” Accessed July 20, 2020.
As shown by the chart above, Asian women make up the smallest percentage of the tenured doctoral scientists or engineers employed at colleges or universities. According to the chart below, Asian women make up the smallest of doctoral scientists and engineers as full professors in universities and colleges.
Source. National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2008. Table 9-25 “Employed doctoral scientists and engineers in 4-year educational institutions, by broad occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and faculty rank: 2008” Accessed July 22, 2020.
Now, to address the pressing question: Why are there so many less Asian women in STEM than of any other race? Well, for one thing, the fact that society believes that Asians are “math and science smart” leads them to be held to higher standards. This is seen in all places such as colleges that raise bars for Asian Americans and job interviews that require Asians to be more “skilled and competent” than their white counterparts. As the Atlantic puts it, “Though Asian Americans might be seen as having a specific set of technical skills, white men with identical skills may be assumed to have a broader range of skills they haven’t demonstrated. So, like women and other people of color, Asian Americans in stem may have to be more skilled than white men to be seen as equally competent” (The Atlantic).
Not only are they held at a higher level because of assumptions, but Asian American women are also expected to conform to rigid standards. “Asian Americans of all genders who behave in dominant ways tend to be disliked, according to a study by Jennifer Berdahl and Ji-A Min” (The Atlantic). Additionally, white people typically see Asian women as more feminine - and expect them to act that way. While they have more freedom in expression, an Asian woman is expected to stay in line and do nothing less. They are not supposed to take leadership, but are forced to be amiable and “a good team player”, something that hinders their progress in the science world.
2
2
2
So let this be a message to all the aspiring Asian girls out there. Chinese, Japanese, Indian, Filipino, you all have a place in this world, you all have a spot in STEM. Your hair, your skin color, your background, nothing should stop you from claiming your spot as a scientist. An engineer. A mathematician. Because if your standardized test scores or devotion to the sciences are anything to prove, you deserve it. Let no one tell you otherwise. Contribute to the numbers. You will raise those small bars that represent Asian girls. You will discover new things. You will not conform. You will show the world.
1 Wu, Lilian. Jing, Wei. “Asian Women in STEM Careers: An invisible Minority in a Double Bind.” ISSUES in Science and Technology, The National Academy of Science, Engineering and Medicine, 2011, https://issues.org/realnumbers-29/. 2 Williams, Joan. Multhaup, Marina. Korn, Rachel. “The Problem with ‘Asians Are Good at Science.’” Science, The Atlantic, 31 January 2018, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/01/asian-americans-science-math-bias/551903
Gen Z of the Month FEATURING
KIRAN
GIRU!
My name is Kiran Guru and I am a freshman at Panther Creek High. Last year, I joined the Girls Who Code, an organization that focuses on reducing the gender gap in the field of technology. This inspired me to code before joining
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WANT TO TO BE BE WANT RECOGNIZED FOR FOR YOUR YOUR RECOGNIZED STRONG LEADERSHIP LEADERSHIP STRONG AND WORK? WORK? AND How can you become Gen Z of the month? Or do you know someone who should be recognized for their work? We are looking for an individuals who demonstrates strong initiative for better change. If you would like to be featured in our future magazines, please view our Gen Z Community page on our website, where you can access our Nominate a Girl and Nominate Yourself pages. Within these pages lies a form provided for applicants to be properly considered for Gen Z of the month. Apply now!
WANT YOUR YOUR DOODLES DOODLES WANT TO BE BE FEATURED FEATURED IN IN TO OUR NEXT NEXT MAGAZINE? MAGAZINE? OUR DM us on Instagram @dearglobalgirls for our future magazine topics. Then email us your doodles to dearglobalgirls@gmail.com
Our October 2020 Team THANK YOU FOR YOUR CONTRIBUTION AND DEDICATION!
LAUREN BYUN
ISABELLA CHAVEZ
HEAD DIRECTOR
MAGAZINE COVER DESIGNER
SOPHIANNE LEUNG
EVA EAPEN
CO-DIRECTORS OF WRITING
MONTANA LAGAT
WRITER
KATELYN HOWARD
WRITER
ASMI GUJRAL WRITER
PATRICIA MERCADO ANVITHA REDDY EDITOR
EDITOR
NAINA GIRI INTERVIEWER