URBAN_ITY

B A N Y

I T Y School of Architecture

R T

“Sapienza” University of Rome

U I R O M A

M .

A r c h i t e c t u r e

a n d

U r b a n

D e s i g n

U

R

B

A

N

I

T

Y

I

T

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TABLE OF CONTENT

intro

I...............................................................................................TABLE of CONTENT

analysis

I

04.........................................................................................................URBANITY 05...............................................................................................................................ur | ban | ity 05................................................................................................................................urban | ity

06................................................................................................INTRODUCTION 10....................................................................................TODAY | TOMORROW [?]

12.....................................................................................................ROME TODAY t01................................................................................................................................viability t02....................................................................................................................................green t03......................................................................................................................................built t04.............................................................................................................................centrality

II

URBAN | ITY project...........................................................................................24 PRG’s centrality + Project’s centrality............................................................26 vision.................................................................................................28 ZOOM IN x 1_Rome City Center.........................................................................30 models..............................................................................................32 ZOOM IN x 2_North of Rome City Center............................................................34

URBAN-ITY

FLAMINIO centrality........................................................................................40 bigness.............................................................................................4 6 forum................................................................................................................48 the building.......................................................................................................50 the program......................................................................................................52 housing _ duplex..............................................................................................62

case study

references..............................................................................................................................66

4

U R B A N I T Y (TRECCANI)

noun [from Latin urbanĭtas -atis (from urbanus ‘urbano’) belonging to live in the city [che appartiene al vivere in città]

1.

u r | b a n | i t y

(TRECCANI)

1. civil and courteous behavior in normal relationships with other people: dealing with u.; reply with u.; person of exquisite u.; [...]

5

2.

u

r

b

a

n

|

i

t

y

2. civil and courteous behavior in normal relationships inhabitants|city, city|inhabitants: restoring urban-ity to the city; find the lost urban-ity: the urban-ity of this city is in the air.

6

INTRODUCTION

During the last years of my university career in Rome, I developed an awareness that architecture is something about/for people and not individuals.

Too often the architecture, especially the private projects, are perceived as luxury items (particularly in Italy), forgetting its real intent: the production | design of a better space for a better life.

With this intent in mind, and inspired by the Great Paris of Bernardo Secchi and Paola Viganò; I set up my thesis, and I began studying my hometown, Rome.

Both as a lover then as a citizen, I started to analyze the relationship between the city and the Romans. I discovered that most of them feel the city like a stranger, inaccessible, and out of the human scale.

Even though it is easy to see these perceptions as true, I believe in a different Rome.

Therefore, the incipit of this research was the desire to give back a unusual perception of the city of Rome to the people that live in it; a perception that could allow them to read the city under another point of view.

7

Bernardo Secchi and Paola Vigano Paris have suggested a cognitive strategy that leads to explore the contemporary metropolis “pas à pas”, discovering a Great Paris different from the city reported up to that time. A Paris surprisingly unpublished, studied on degrees of porosity and compactness, isotropy, permeability|connectivity.

The first part of the study aims at demonstrating that the city of Rome is already fit for human living and it will be ready to transform in a sustainable metropolis in the future.

The tool chosen to scan and organize the territory is the same adopted in similar situation by humans throughout history (UTM system, parallels and meridians, latitude and longitude etc. ): the GRID. Following a zoom-in process, from the urban to the local scale, the second part of the research takes into account a specific case study: Flaminio area.

Here, the project shows a potential and ‘utopic’ way to develop a new Centrality* for the city of Rome. The program touches, again, all the scales with the main intent to keep open and permeable the street level of the new building by creating an indoor|outdoor public space that guarantees public accessibility.

8

A N A L Y S I S

9

10

T

O

D

A

Y

N +

+

It is clear that the city of Rome needs a reading tool that allows all (residents, professionals and not, etc.) to go beyond the obsolete circular shape that has lobotomized, and it is lobotomizing the city and the citizens themselves.

The starting point of the study that has gone into making it as opening words the desire to “give back” the city of Rome to those who live there: the citizens. Making it known and rediscovered as a city on a human future-ready to turn into a sustainable metropolis.

The chosen instrument for this process is the same as that man has used in various contexts and occasions [Cartesian system, meridians and parallels, latitude and longitude, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) System, etc.]: the GRID. The placement of this geometry, rigid, regular, unnatural and infinite, above the city (seen as an unmanageable monster), represents the antidote to the concentric and radials system called GRA (annular sidetrack).

Identifying in Piazza Venezia / Campidoglio - historical, artistic and political hub - the point (0, 0) of the Cartesian system, oriented on ‘historical axis that starts from Altare della Patria, reaches Porta del Popolo and continues until Ponte Milvio (p.za Venezia, Via del Corso, Via Flaminia).

A mesh of 2 km x 2 km (distance walkable by foot in 20-30 min_ daily time recommended for a healthy quotidian life) becomes the matrix of the cognitive strategy that allows us to read the spatial configuration of the metropolis both from a point of view of urban service and from a point of view of pedestrian and public accessibility.

The identification of areas with differents grade of porosity/compactness and their respective activities permits to classify them and then, where needed, increment or create Centrality*.

Moreover, it also allows to predict and manage possible future new expansion over the territory, guaranteeing in all the areas the same standards and public urban services.

A process of isotropization that permits to decode the city in a language of accessibility and livable at the service of the man.

* CENTRALITY _ most significant places of local identity [...]

Centralities are PRG’ key features where it is possible to revitalize and redevelop the surrounding tissues.

Factors determining the local centrality: -the mobility system that allows the networking |strengthening of the social identity -the transformation potentiality -the enhancement of historical memories that also contribute to strengthening the local identity.

TOMORROW [?]

11

12

ROME

T O D A Y since 753 A.C.

(from PRG)

viability

green

built centrality*

the city with the hightest concentration of historical and architectural riches in the world Over 16% of the world’s cultural treasures are located in Rome (70% in all of Italy).

It is the most populous and largest municipality 52.000 hectares of agricultural land in Italy and is among Europe’s major capitals in terms of the amount of terrain it covers.

Rome is Europe’s greenest city.

1_ ISTANBUL: 5.538,77 km² - 12.573.836 ab 2 _ LONDON: 1.579 km² - 7.556.900 3 _ ROMA: 1,285,31 Km2 - 2.728.296 ab.

4 _ BERLIN: 892 km² - 3.429.870 ab.

5 _ PARIS: 105,4 km² - 2.203.817 ab

METRO SYSTEM:

ROME 40.4 KM 2 LINES As well as its public parks, Rome boasts a great 309.8 millions riders deal more greenery, as well as agriculture on its outskirts.

LONDON 402 KM +34 KM 13 LINES The protected zones 40.000 hectares.

1260 millions riders Rome is Europe’s largest agricultural municipality PRIVATE TRASPORTATION: with 517 m2 of agriculture accounting for 40% of 3.7 millions VEHICLES its total surface. data by www.muoversiaroma.it and www.turismoroma.it

* CENTRALITY _ most significant places of local identity [...]

Centralities are PRG’ key features where it is possible to revitalize and redevelop the surrounding tissues.

Factors determining the local centrality: -the mobility system that allows the networking |strengthening of the social identity -the transformation potentiality -the enhancement of historical memories that also contribute to strengthening the local identity.

13

N

14

R O M E T O D AY

(from PRG)

green

viability

built

centrality

15

N

16

R O M E T O D AY

(from PRG)

viability

built

green

centrality

17

N

18

R O M E T O D AY

(from PRG)

viability

green

centrality

built

19

N

20

R O M E T O D AY

(from PRG)

viability

green

built

centrality*

21

N

22

U R B A N - T Y

23

24

URBAN|ITY Project

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

M

x

(-3 ; +8)

11

11

Olgiata (+2 ; +6) Montebello (+2 ; +5)

10

10

Labaro (-2 ; +4) Ottavia (+4 ; +3) Bufalotta

9

9

(+3 ; +3) Porta di Roma (+2 ; +3) Roma Urbe

8

8

(+1 ; +3) Tor di Quinto ( 0 ; +3) Vigna Clara (-1 ; +3)

7

7

Via Cortina d’Ampezzo (+4 ; +2) Monte Sacro (+3 ; +2)

6

6

V.le Ionio / Bufalotta (+1 ; +2) Moschea ( 0 ; +2) Flaminio

5

5

(-1 ; +2) Monte Mario (+5; +1) San Basilio

4

4

(+2; +1) Nomentana/Lanciani (+1 ; +1) Villa Albani ( 0 ; +1)

3

3

VIGNA CLARA

Piazza del Popolo (-1 ; +1) Musei Vaticani (-2 ; +1)

2

2

FLAMINIO

Cornelia (+2 ; 0) Verano (+1 ; 0) Termini

1

1

P.ZA DEL POPOLO

( 0 ; 0) P.za Venezia (-1 ; 0) Gianicolo

0

0 VILLA PAMPHILI

GIANICOLO

P.ZA VENEZIA

TERMINI

VERANO

CASE ROSSE

(-2 ; 0) Villa Pamphili (+2 ; -1) Pigneto (+1 ; -1)

-1

-1 CARACALLA

Re di Roma ( 0 ; -1) Caracalla (-1 ; -1) Staz.Trastevere

-2

-2

EX FIERA DI ROMA

(-2 ; -1) Monte Verde (+5 ; -2) Tor Bella Monaca

-3

-3

( 0 ; -2) Ex Fiera di Roma (-1 ; -2) S.Paolo Fuori le Mura

-4

-4

(+4 ; -3) Torre Maura (+2 ; -3) Capannelle (+1 ; -3)

-5

-5

Appia Antica (-1 ; -3) Tre Fontane (-2 ; -3) SS. Pietro e Paolo

-6

-6

CASTEL DI LEVA

(-3 ; -3) Tevere/Trullo (-2 ; -4) EUROMA2

-7

-7

(-9 ; -5) Ostia antica ( 0 ; -6) Castel di Leva (-8 ; -7)

-8

-8

N

Infernetto (-9 ; -8) Castel Porziano (-4 ; -9)

-9

-9

Castel Romano (+7 ; 0) Case Rosse (+8 ;-1) Lunghezza

-10

1 km

2 km

-10

4 km

(+5 ;-4) Tor Vergata (-11 ;-6) Ostia

-11

-11

(-8 ;-3) Nuova fiera di Roma (-5 ;-2) La Pisana

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

y

(-5 ;-2) Casalotti

26

P R G ’s c e n t r a l i t y + P r o j e c t ’s c e n t r a l i t y

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

M

x

(-3 ; +8)

11

11

Olgiata (+2 ; +6) Montebello (+2 ; +5)

10

10

Labaro (-2 ; +4) Ottavia (+4 ; +3) Bufalotta

9

9

(+3 ; +3) Porta di Roma (+2 ; +3) Roma Urbe

8

8

(+1 ; +3) Tor di Quinto ( 0 ; +3) Vigna Clara (-1 ; +3)

7

7

Via Cortina d’Ampezzo (+4 ; +2) Monte Sacro (+3 ; +2)

6

6

V.le Ionio / Bufalotta (+1 ; +2) Moschea ( 0 ; +2) Flaminio

5

5

(-1 ; +2) Monte Mario (+5; +1) San Basilio

4

4

(+2; +1) Nomentana/Lanciani (+1 ; +1) Villa Albani ( 0 ; +1)

3

3

Piazza del Popolo (-1 ; +1) Musei Vaticani (-2 ; +1)

2

2

Cornelia (+2 ; 0) Verano (+1 ; 0) Termini

1

1

( 0 ; 0) P.za Venezia (-1 ; 0) Gianicolo

0

0

(-2 ; 0) Villa Pamphili (+2 ; -1) Pigneto (+1 ; -1)

-1

-1

Re di Roma ( 0 ; -1) Caracalla (-1 ; -1) Staz.Trastevere

-2

-2

(-2 ; -1) Monte Verde (+5 ; -2) Tor Bella Monaca

-3

-3

( 0 ; -2) Ex Fiera di Roma (-1 ; -2) S.Paolo Fuori le Mura

-4

-4

(+4 ; -3) Torre Maura (+2 ; -3) Capannelle (+1 ; -3)

-5

-5

Appia Antica (-1 ; -3) Tre Fontane (-2 ; -3) SS. Pietro e Paolo

-6

-6

(-3 ; -3) Tevere/Trullo (-2 ; -4) EUROMA2

-7

-7

(-9 ; -5) Ostia antica ( 0 ; -6) Castel di Leva (-8 ; -7)

-8

-8

N

Infernetto (-9 ; -8) Castel Porziano (-4 ; -9)

-9

-9

Castel Romano (+7 ; 0) Case Rosse (+8 ;-1) Lunghezza

-10

1 km

2 km

-10

4 km

(+5 ;-4) Tor Vergata (-11 ;-6) Ostia

-11

PRG’s Centrality + Project’s Centrality

-11

(-8 ;-3) Nuova fiera di Roma (-5 ;-2) La Pisana

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

y

(-5 ;-2) Casalotti

2 km = 30 min

2 km = 15 min

U

U

via guido Reni_Viale Flaminia_viale Tiziano

2km Piazzale Flaminio Piazza del Popolo

2km Piazza Venezia

via guido Reni_Viale Flaminia_viale Tiziano

2km Piazzale Flaminio Piazza del Popolo

2km Piazza Venezia

compact city

porosa city M

y

future potentiality

commercial

historical areas

luoghi di culto

FS/M stations

green

campi sportivi

residential

x

LEGEND

29

30

ZOOM

IN x 1 rome city center

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

3 VIGNA CLARA

2

2 FLAMINIO

1

1 P.ZA DEL POPOLO

P.ZA VENEZIA

0

0

CARACALLA

-1

-1

FS

N

tram line cycling line metro A metro B

-2

-1

0

1

2

metro C metro D Capolinea Aurelian Walls

31

32

33

34

ZOOM

IN

x

2 north of rome city center

-1

0

1

2 km = 30 min

2 km = 15 min

3

3

MC

Tor di Quinto

2.2 km 20- 40 min

3 km 35-55 min

MC

farnesina

ponte milvio stadio olimpico

corso francia

foro italico

p.za mancini

villaggio olimpico

C

MAXXI

2

MC

ponte della musica

acqua acetosa

Villa Glori

2

U

MC

2.4 km 20- 40 min

Monte Mario Villa Ada

2 km 20- 30 min monte parioli

C

4 km 40-60 min Parioli

p.le clodio

MC

piazza mazzini

U

U valle giulia

U

MA

MA

MA 1

U

bioparco

1

coppedè

P.za del popolo

villa albani villa borghese

C

tram capolinea

bikesharing

p.za cavour p.za di spagna

ara pacis

-1

MD

U castel s.angelo

san pietro

C

pincio

C MC

N

borghetto flaminio

C MA

p.za del risorgimento

giardini vaticani

U

0

MA

MACRO

MD 1

35

36

37

38

C AS E

S T U DY

39

F l a m i n i o 40

ZOOM

IN x 1 rome city center

( 0 ; + 2 )

y

y

x

( 0 ; +2) ( 0 ; +2) Flaminio Flaminio

future potentiality

future commercial potentiality

commercial historical areas

M

places of worship historical areas

sport greenfields

greenstations FS/M M

FS/M stations places of worship

compact compact city porosa city porosa city city

residential sport fields

residential

41

x

Flaminio is one of the areas identified, both by the grid that from PRG, as CENTRALITY, that is “most significant place of local identity.”

Following a thorough analysis, comes the need to create, in a neighborhood characterized by diversity, a key point: a FORUM. It could link the various urban systems, architectural events and activities in the neighborhood and surrounding areas.

Stadio Olimpico N

Foro Italico

MAXXI

42

Ponte della Musica

Palazzetto dello Sport Auditorium Parco della Musica

UniversitĂ

stadio Flaminio

N

N Piazza del Popolo

Placing on the grid the Roman Cardo and Decumanus, at their intersection generates the Forum (a square 120x120m), on the corner of Viale de Coubertin and Viale Tiziano, perfect place to host this new urban catalyst.

N

It is the in-between of the two Nervi’s buildings (north palazzetto dello Sport and south stadium Flaminio), and the two most recent and important architectures built in Rome in the last 20 years (Auditorium east, west MAXXI).

In addition, the dense concentration of public transport (tram, metro C-terminus bus, bike path / pedestrian), is the guarantor of accessibility extended to all of the entire municipality and not.

The Flaminio area has several features that make it unique.

The first characteristic is the boundaries. It is bounded by 90% “natural barriers� (SE-NW Tiber; East Villa Glori; SE Monte Parioli; West, beyond the river, from Monte Mario). Only the Via Flaminia connects the area to the center of the city (Piazza del Popolo).

Five bridges (from West to North) do interact with the rest of the district of the city.

A remarkable variety of architectural style, eras, materials, urban density and green give to the area another exceptional peculiarity.

Compact blocks of buildings at court, with a height of up to 7/8 floors, and green concentrated on a vast urban Gap (Piazza Mancini) along with parking and terminal compose the west side. On the east side, buildings (4-5 floors) float on pilotis leaving permeable both visually and physically all share the road completely amalgamated with the vast urban green present throughout the area.

Another distinctiveness is its historic roads. From north to south run the Via Flaminia [which starts from Piazza del Popolo] and Viale Tiziano [ending north of the Milvian Bridge]. From east to west there is the axis Villa Glori / Monte Mario (Viale de Coubertin, Via Guido Reni, Ponte della Musica, Marshal Square Garden). The latter is interesting since the last PRG represents it as the axis that generates and drives the new City of Culture and Sports.

43

from

PRG...

VALADIER

1900

44

MAXXI via Guido Reni

1909

N 1919

1949

Corso Francia

1931

45

Villa Glori v.le De Coubetin 5%

-5.00 m

-5.00 m

00 m

00 00 m m

Auditorium_Parco della Musica stadio flaminio

1971

2002

46

b i g n e s s 150m

150m

120m

120m

60m

60m

0m

0m

Roma’s heights

Bigness or the problem of Large

Beyond a certain scale, architecture acquires the properties of Bigness. The best reason to broach Bigness is the one given by climbers of Mount Everest: “because it is there.�

Bigness is ultimate architecture.

It seems incredible that the size of a building alone embodies an ideological program, indipendent of the will of its architects.

Of all possible categories, Bigness does not seem to deserve a manifesto; discredited as an intellectual problem, it is apparently on its way to extinction - like

the dinosaur - through clumsiness,slowness, inflexibility, difficulty.

But infact, only Big-ness instigates the regime of complexity that mobilizes the full intelligence of architecture and its related fields.

One hundred years ago, a generation of conceptual breackthroughs

and supporting technologies unleashed an architectural Big Bang. By randomizing circulation, short-circuiting distance, artificializing interiors, reducing mass, stretching dimensions, and accelerating construction, the elevator, electricity, airconditioning, steel, and finally, the new infrastructures formed a cluster of mutations that induced another species of architecture. The combined effects of these inventions were structures taller and deeper Bigger - than ever before conceived, with a parallel potential for the reorganization of the

ings enter a amoral domain, beyond good or bad.

Their impact is indipendent of their quality.

5 . Together, all these breaks with scale, with architectural composion, with tradition, with trasparency, with ethics - imply the final, most radical break: Bigness is no longer part of any urban tissue.

It exists; at most, it coexists.

Its subtext is fuck context.

Pantheon, Roma

Palazzo Farnese, XVI sec., Roma

��a��a ��l �amp��o�l�o� ��� s���� Roma

120 m

47

60 m

30 m

15 m

project

�as��l �an�’�n��lo� Roma

San Pietro, XVI sec., Roma

�ala��o ��� �on���ss� ����� ����� Roma �ala��o ��llo �po�� ���� ����� Roma

Roma’s plans

�ala��o ��lla ����l�� ��al�ana ����� ����� Roma

The entire project is developed as a matryoshka FORUM where the urban and architectural scale to intersect and interact until a sort of fusion.

The catalyst building, into the urban system of the cardo and decumano, is translated into the idea of Forum, in all its possible forms.

The cube [1203] has a total area of 21.600 square meters, about the size of a standard block (e.g., a block of Manhattan 80m x 270m = 21.600mq).

From this point of view, the lot of the project is a potential container of 8 blocks, a portion of a city.

48

120 m

ISOLATO DI MANHATTAN 80m x 270 m = 21.600 mq

21.600 mq x 8

CUBE 60 x 60 = 3.600mq 3.600mq x 6 = 21.600mq

new york

21.600 mq

forum u r o f

DECUMAN

Therefore, the cube 603, 1/8 of potential small 120 m town, materializes in a different Forum’s version, the LIBRARY. The library, in turn, works as a city: the blocks are book’ home, study rooms, workshops classrooms, etc.

The road system is the path distribution, horizontal and vertical structure of the whole which in some points expands occupying the block and turn into ‘piazze’.

ISOLATO DI MANHATTAN 80m x 270 m = 21.600 mq

CUBE 60 x 60 = 3.600mq 3.600mq x 6 = 21.600mq

new york

KARDO

FORUM

FORUM

Forum (foro) - the central square of the ancient Roman cities Forums - public meeting held every year usually between authorities, politicians, academics, students, journalists and experts Forums - Internet, a virtual discussion Forums - according to the Constitution of the United States of America, a place open to public meetings and public demonstration of reviews

h24 public space open space books study research study groups workplace cineforum adult service teenager service consulting info point research center free specialization meeting point relax pool hall fastfood cafe events free time cont. edu. cours videogames music competition kids teenager adults aged confrontation cultural clubs hobby scuola shop

LIBRARY

Cittadini

Stadio Olimpico

Residenti

Foro Italico Ponte della Musica

Residenti

MAXXI UniversitĂ

Palazzetto dello Sport HOTEL HOUSING BIBLIOTECA PUBBLICA

PARCO URBANO OUTDOOR PARCO URBANO INDOOR

Residenti

AUDITORIUM PARCO DELLA MUSICA

Stadio Flaminio

Cittadini

Cittadini Piazza del Popolo

PROJECT TO: -local residential, -extra local residential -territory citizens -tourists

SUPPORT SERVICES FOR: -Auditorium -Sports Complex (Stadio Flaminio, Palazzetto dello sport, Foro Italico, Stadio Olimpico) -MAXXI -University

49

50

THE BUILDING PUBLIC LIBRARY

HOTEL _ HOUSING

The materialization of the historical roads (Via Flaminia, Viale Tiziano, the axis Monte Mario Villa Glori) is the structure to the new Forum: an architectural interpretation of an urban system that has made the history of the City.

The use of the building is devoted mainly to the support of the surrounding activities and to the inhabitants of the district: HOTEL will cover the demand for the events of the Auditorium, the MAXXI and sports activities at the Foro Italico; HOUSING PROGRAM will cover the housing requests for medium and long stay by athletes, students, professionals, etc .; LIBRARY will be at the service of the whole neighborhood and throughout the city, along with the street level designed as a public space equipped indoor and outdoor.

51

PUBLIC LIBRARY 19.000 mq ca.

N

Public Library with: reading rooms, auditorium, relax rooms multimedia rooms study areas game room

HOTEL

HOUSING

RETAILS

17.300 mq ca.

3.350mq ca

URBAN PARK OUTDOOR

URBAN PARK INDOOR

1.500 mq ca.

15.350 mq ca.

5.700 mq ca.

5 Stars hotel 70 rooms Gym SPA Lounge Bar Panoramic Restaurant

35 duplex 1B with 10 store kitchen area, living PARKING room 1 bathroom (max 2 p.) con shared solarium and pool.

Mineral Urban Square shadow areas, relax areas water games stands areas for events (Festa del cinama etc) weekend market area

Urban square indoor relax area cavea stands areas for events (Festa del cinama etc) weekend market area

52

THE

PROGRAM

53

N

HOUSING Apt_duplex PS_SPAZIO PUBBLICO

street level

+2,76 00

00

00 +2,76

+2,76

00

+2,76

54

HOTEL Hr_Rooms Hd_distributivo HR_relax/lettura HOUSING Apt_duplex CUBE Cd_distributivo

level A

B_Biblioteca SS_Sala Studio SR_Sala Ricerca O_Uffici WC_ Servizi Caf _ Caffetteria R_Relax/Lettura W_Attesa

55

HOTEL Hr_Rooms Hd_distributivo HR_relax/lettura HOUSING Apt_duplex CUBE Cd_distributivo

level A open

B_Biblioteca SS_Sala Studio SR_Sala Ricerca O_Uffici WC_ Servizi Caf _ Caffetteria R_Relax/Lettura W_Attesa

56

57

level B

58

level B open

level C

level C open

59

60

61

62

HOUSING_ duplex

2.40

80

80

80

2.25

11.00

11.00

4.82

30

2.26

1.60 60

1.20

1.20

74

60 Apt_duplex HOUSING

DUPLEX typology

63

64

65

66

67

B

R R

B

A

N

I

A

U U

T T

I

Y Y

N

a

v

a

r

r

a

.

c

o

m

Y

T

I

N

N

n

A

A

h

B

B

a

R

R

r

D e b o r a h N a v a r r a A r c h i t e c t

U

U

o

Y

b

T

e

I

d