Figure 12.3: Existing Collectorate Structure

● Conducting Census and Election, supervision of Developmental activities ● Monitoring of various social security programmes, ● All offices and healthcare institutions function under his/her overall supervision ● The Collectorate shoulders the responsibility of providing immediate relief, rescue, rehabilitation and restoration work during various calamities.

Figure 12.3: Existing Collectorate Structure

12.4 Analysis

12.4.1 Assessment of existing schemes in the district It becomes utmost important to review the existing government schemes being run by the state as well as the implementation of the central government schemes in the district related to livelihood and development so as to understand the overall effectiveness of implementation, the focused sectors and to identify key areas which are being missed out by the existing schemes. This would help us conceptualize new schemes and policies for the major sectors identified for the improvement in the quality of life of the people of the district by improvement of the overall governance initiatives. Following were the major schemes related to livelihood and development identified based on the existing literature and data collected from the state and district government portals:

● AAHAAR ○ Provide cheap and nutritious food to urban needy people through Aahaar Yojana. ■ 23 no.s of Aahaar Kendras in Ganjam District. ■ 8200 no.s of People served hot meals from Aahaar kendras everyday. ■ 11 no.s of new Aahaar buildings are going to be constructed in 11 no.s of ULBs. ■ Proper Hygienic dinner place for having Aahaar meals.

● UNNATI ○ Developments of infrastructural development of Urban Local Bodies by “UNNATI” scheme. ■ 1042 projects have been approved for developing urban infrastructure amounting 58.00 crores. ■ Projects consist of roads, buildings, Community Centers, Drains, Guard Walls, etc. ■ 707 no.s of projects are completed. ■ 335 no.s of projects are on the verge of completion. ■ 768001 no.s of urban population get benefited through the scheme.

● NULM ○ Empowering women of the community through National Urban Livelihood Mission. ■ 2407 no.s of SHGs have been formed in the district. ■ 553 no.s of SHGs have been benefited by Revolving Fund in 17 ULBs except Berhampur Municipality Corporation. ■ 201 no.s of SHGs have been bank linkage for start small scale business. ■ 254 No.s of beneficiaries from different SHGs of Ganjam district have been benefited by SEP(Individual). ■ 36 no.s of SHG groups have been benefited by the SEP(Group) for enhancing their income from their existing or new businesses. ■ Various training programs are being designed for training the street vendors and small SHGs for enhancing their income under EST&P head of NULM in this FY.

● Odisha Land Right Act,2017 ○ Distribution of Land Certificates to Landless people of ULBs living in Slums through Odisha Slum Dweller Land Right Act, 2017. ■ 77 no. of slums of 17 ULBs have been finalized and distributed Land certificates to 2210 no. of eligible slum dwellers. ■ 1590 nos. of beneficiaries are selected in PMAY (U) for getting housing benefits. ■ Develop the slum’s infrastructure i.e providing all amenities required for a community. ■ Developmental maps have been prepared for peripheral development.

● Universal Water Supply ○ Universal Water Supply to each and every household of Ganjam District by December 2019. ■ Complete coverage of pipe water supply to every household of ULBs of Ganjam District by December 2019. ■ Till now 313 no.s of JalaJoganMela have been conducted in 247 wards of Ganjam for connecting every household with a drinking supply.

■ In the FY 2018-19 16364 no.s of applications received from the public out of which 13978 no.s connections have been completed. ■ New project proposals are already in the pipeline of approval for the water scarcity areas of Ganjam district. ■ Water monitor and committee have been formed in ULBs by which the grievances from the public can easily be collected and transmitted to proper authority for early disposal of the problem.

● Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) ○ Providing Pacca Houses to needy and poor people of urban areas through PMAY (U). ■ 11557 nos. of Dwelling Units (DUs) has been approved by the Govt. ■ 4000 no.s DUs have been completed and around 900 no.s of DUs get incentive from govt. for completion of their units within the incentive time period. ■ 6000 no.s of DUs are ongoing and on the verge of completion. ■ A flagship campaign “Angikaar” has been designed and initiated by the Govt. to raise awareness of various Govt schemes and their benefits.

● Swachh Bharat Mission, SBM (U) ○ To monitor the cleanliness of the ULBs through Swachh Bharat Mission. ■ 18 no.s of ULBs declared as Open Defecation Free (ODF). ■ “Material Recovery Facility” (MRF) where the nonbiodegradable waste processing can be done. 18 no.s of ULBs have initiated the process and in versus of completion. ■ 17 no.s of ULBs have initiated the process for construction of “Micro Composting Center” in the urban jurisdiction where the wastes could convert into soil conditioner and organic fertilizer. ■ “Fecal Sludge Septage Management” plant has been constructed in Mahuda, Berhampur where human waste can be treated and converted to soil conditioner. 04 ULBs of Ganjam district have been tagged to this plant for

disposal of Fecal Sludge. Rest 13 no. of ULBs are ready to construct these kinds of plants in their urban areas very soon.

● LED Street Lighting ○ To Provide LED Lighting to every street of the ULBs of Ganjam Dist. through “LED Street Lighting” Scheme ■ An LED Street Lighting project comprises two kinds of implementing strategy. As Retro fitting of Led lights and Green field Lighting. ■ 13544 no.s of lights have been approved in Retrofitting for changing the existing incandescent bulb. Out of which 11982 no.s of lights have been installed. ■ 17 no.s of ULBs had completed Green Field Survey for implementation.

● Developmental Schemes ○ Other Developmental Schemes for developing Urban Infrastructure ■ 15 no.s of schemes are functioning in Ganjam district under development of infrastructural amenities. ■ Those are 14th FC, 13th FC Non-plan, RD Grant, Devolution Fund, M.V Tax, Maintenance of R&B, Urban Asset creation, Performance Based Incentive, Maintenance of Non- Residential Building, Solid Waste Management, 4th SFC, Conservation of Water Bodies, Improvement of Parks, 14th FC and R&B, Construction of KalyanMandap. ■ Around 642 no.s of projects have been taken up by 17 no.s ULBs of Ganjam district for developmental purposes of the ULB. These projects comprises road work, building works, drains, community centers, guard walls, culverts etc. ■ 339 no.s of projects out of 642 no.s of projects have been completed by the ULBs. ■ More no.s of project scopes are in the process of identification for construction.

● Revenue Generation

○ To monitor revenue collection from urban population through the

ULB administration. ■ Revenue generation of ULBs are taken up through various components i.e. Holding Tax, Rent collection from shop rooms, Agricultural lands, Cesspools, Kalayan Mandap, Water Tanks, Town hall booking, and other allied components as Trade license, Advertising, Parking, Building Primacies. ■ Around Rs 2.68 Cr. have been collected from all 17 ULBs as revenue collection till now for the FY 2019-20. ■ New tax reformations are going on ULBs, so that revenue collection can be enhanced.

● Public Amenities ○ To create Public Properties for creating a qualitative habitat ■ KalyanMandaps, Smart Parks, Modern Water bodies with peripheral developments, Market complex, Bus stands have been constructed through this component. ■ 26 nos. of Parks have been constructed in 17 ULBs of Ganjam district. ■ 14 no.s of Bus Stands have been constructed and some others are ongoing in Ganjam district. ■ 39 no.s KalayanMandaps have been constructed. ■ 37 no.s of Market complexes have been completed in Ganjam district.

Following table reflects the overall findings of the analysis based on these existing schemes and the identified sectors which can implement or interlink their proposals to these schemes so as to improve the overall implementation of these schemes as well as ensure a better effectiveness of them:

Table 80: :Assessment of Existing Government Schemes

S

no Schemes implemented Objectives Target Population Target Achieved GAP Sector

1 AAHAAR Provide cheap and nutritious food to Urban Poor 11/23 12 Primary Sector

urban needy people through Aahaar Yojana.

2 UNNATI Developments of infrastructural development of Urban Local Bodies Urban Population

by “UNNATI” scheme.

707/1042 335 Infrastructur

e

3 NULM Empowering women of the community through National Urban Livelihood Mission. Urban Women 2/18 ULBs 16 ULBs have OULM Industries

4 Odisha Land Right Act,2017 Distribution of Land Certificates to Landless people of ULBs living in Slums through Odisha Slum Dweller Land Right Act, 2017. Slum Dwellers Settlement Hierarchy

5 Universal water supply Universal Water Supply to each and every household of Ganjam District by December 2019. Urban Household

s 85% 15% Water Resource

6 Prdhan Mantri Awaas Yojana PMAY (U) Providing Pacca Houses to needy and poor people of urban areas through PMAY (U). Urban Poor 35% 65% Settlement Hierarchy

7 Swaccha Bharat To Monitor the cleanliness of the ULBs through Urban Population 100% 0 Settlement 100% 0 Hierarchy

8 Mission, SBM (U) Swaccha Bharat Mission. 94% 6%

28% 72%

LED Street Lighting To Provide LED Lighting to every street of the ULBs of Ganjam Dist. through “LED Street Lighting” Scheme Urban Population 88% 12% Infrastructur

e

9 Development al Schemes Other Developmental Schemes for developing Urban Infrastructure Urban Population 53% 47% Governance and Settlement Hierarchy

10 Revenue Generation To monitor revenue collection from urban population through the ULB administration. Urban Population NA NA Governance

11 Public Amenities To create Public Properties for Urban Population NA NA Infrastructur

e

creating a qualitative habitat

12.4.2 Parameters and scoring logic for analysis of governance - Rural & District level Governance was analysed under seven key sectors : Agriculture and allied, safety & security, economic governance , Commerce and industry, social welfare & development, human resources development, Public health,Public infrastructure and utilities.The indicators under each key governance areas, and the unit of their measurement is given in the table below.

Table 81: Identified Parameters for Governance Assessment

S. No. Key Sector Key Governance Area Indicator Unit

1 Extent of coverage of Irrigation as part of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yoiana (PMKSY) Number

Agricultur e and Allied Management of Agriculture and Horticulture Extent of crops insured by farmers in the states under Pradhan Mantri Fasal Sima Yoiana (PMFBY) Number

Quantity of certified seed distributed to the farmers bv the states Number

2 Ratio of soil samples collected to the number of soil health cards issued by the states under Soil Health Cards scheme Percentag e

Increase in Inland Fish Production Percentag e

Livestock & Fisheries Increase in fisheries production by enhanced usage of technology in freshwater pond culture Percentag e

Increase in fodder and feed production Percentag e

Cognizable offences registered by police against the complaints received

Percentag e

Charge sheets filed against FIRs registered Percentag e

Safety and Security Public Security/ Access to Law and order Conviction Ratio Percentag e

Access to police stations No./lakh

pop.

Deployment of police personnel in law & order police stations No./lakh

pop.

3

4 Deployment of women police personnel No./lakh female

pop.

Macroeconomi c Management PCI growth

Economic Governan Unemployment Rate Percentag e

Percentag e

ce Commerc e & Industry Financial Inclusion Eligible Population with JAN DHAN bank accounts Percentag e

Increase in no. of industry establishments Number

Industrial Performance Approvals given for Industrial Establishments under Make In India

program Number

Social welfare and developm ent Scholarships for Pre Matric, PostMetric and higher education Percentag e

Sex Ratio at Birth (Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao) Sex ratio at birth

Average days of work provided per household under MGNREGA Number

Welfare Measures Work Completion Rate under the scheme MGNREGA Percentag e

5 Fund utilization of Matritva Sahyog Yojana Programme Percentag e

Utilization of SC/ST/BC welfare funds provided by NSFDC; NSTFDC; NBCFDC Percentag e

Institutional and houseless population Percentag e

Housing Proportion of Housing Subsidies Percentag e

Public Distribution System Farmers receiving Minimum Support Price within the stipulated time Percentag e

Eligible households using PDS Percentag e

Social Justice and Empowerment Cases registered as crimes against women Number

No. of police stations Yes/No

Human Resource Developm ent

School Education Rural Population having facility of a school within 3 kms Number

AWCs with toilet facilities Percentag e

Schools with Girls’ Toilets Percentag e

6 Public Health Enrolment ratio of SC and ST in government schools Percentag e

Dropout Rate to overall enrolment Percentag e

Retention Rate at Elementary Level (Grade I to VIII) Percentag e

Ratio of exit class over class I enrolment (only at primary education stage) Percentag e

Higher Education

Primary Healthcare Enrolment in various Disciplines at Undergraduate level in Higher Education Percentag e

Number of Colleges per Lakh Population (18-23 YEARS) Number

Accessibility to Primary Health Care No./30,000 population

Accessibility to Community Health Centres (CHCs) No./1,20,0 00 population

Family welfare Maternal Mortality Ratio No./lakh live births

7 Infant Mortality Rate

Institutional Deliveries No./thousa nd live births

Percentag e

Water Supply Availability of Potable Drinking Water facilities in different Blocks of Ganjam district Percentag e

Access to individual toilets Percentag e

Public Infrastruct ure and Utilities Sewerage and Sanitation Towns and villages declared open defecation free Percentag e

Roads and Transportation Access to public transport (bus) facility Percentag e

Power Extent of Rural Area Electrified in the State Percentag e

The indicators highlighted were selected for detailed analysis of governance as the data for these indicators for all the blocks were available through secondary sources .

12.4.3 Analysis of governance in each block The analysis of governance was done by scoring the ten indicators selected. The indicators and the scores for each block is given in the table below.

Table 82: Block level Scoring of Indicators

Indicator 1 : Number of AWCs provided with toilet facilities.

● Blocks were scored based on the percentage of AWCs provided with toilet facilities per number of AWCs present in each block. ● Blocks were scored 1 if the percentage lies between 0-33, 2 if the percentage lies between 33-66, and scored 3 if the blocks were above 66%. ● Ganjam, Surada, Chatrapur, Bellaguntha, Sanakhemundi, J.N. Prasad,

Purusottampur ,Digapahandi, Kholikote and Buguda blocks scored least and Aska and Sheragada blocks got the maximum scores.

Indicator 2 : Number of colleges per lakh population in each block

● Blocks were scored 1 if it had insufficient number of colleges, 2 if it had the required number of colleges as per requirement and scored 3 if it had more than the required number of colleges. ● Blocks like Surada, Purusottampur, Polosora, and K.S Nagar had insufficient number of colleges while the rest of the blocks had the required number or more than the required number of colleges.

Indicator 3 : Number of community health centres in each block

● The scoring and analysis was done based on the required number of CHCs per 1,20,000 population in each block. ● If the blocks satisfied the required number of CHCs, it was scored 3. If the blocks satisfied 50% of the requirement it was scored 2 and if the required number of Community Health centres for each block were below 50% it was scored 1. ● Only Dharakote, Ganjam, Chikiti block, had the sufficient number of CHCs while all the rest of the blocks did not satisfy the requirement.

Indicator 4 : Number of primary health centres in each block

● The scoring and analysis was done based on the required number of PHCs per 30,000 population in each block. ● If the blocks satisfied the required number of PHCs, it was scored 3. If the blocks satisfied 50% of the requirement it was scored 2 and if the required number of Primary Health centres for each block were below 50% it was scored 1. ● 5 blocks had the required number of PHCs while all the rest had insufficient numbers among which Beguniapada, Chikiti,Rangeilunda and K. S. Nagar blocks scored 1.

Indicator 5 : Number of villages covered with rural drinking water supply Programme.

● Blocks were scored based on the percentage of villages covered with

Rural drinking water supply Programme per the total number of villages. ● Blocks were scored 1 if the percentage lies between 0-50, 2 if the percentage lies between 50-100, and scored 3 if the blocks scored 100%. ● 11 blocks had every village covered with a rural drinking water supply

Programme.

Indicator 6: Number of PDS shops in each block

● The analysis was done based on the population per number of PDS shops in each block ● If each PDS shop in the blocks catered to population beyond 5000, it was scored 1, between 2500 and 5000, it was scored 2and upto 2500 it was scored 3. ● 8 blocks had PDS shops catering to population beyond 5000, PDS shops in 4 blocks cater to population upto 2500 and the rest of the blocks had PDS shops catering to population between 2500 and 5000.

Indicator 7 : Net irrigated area (ha)as part of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana (PMKSY)

● The blocks were scored based on percentage of net irrigated area (ha)as part of PMKSY /Total irrigated area. ● Blocks were scored 1 if the percentage lies between 0-33, 2 if the percentage lies between 33-66, and scored 3 if the blocks were above 66%. ● More than 50% of the blocks scored 3 and the rest of the blocks scored 2.

Indicator 8 : Number of villages chosen for soil sampling in each block

● The blocks were scored based on the percentage of villages chosen for soil sampling per total number of villages in each block. ● Blocks were scored 1 if the percentage lies between 0-10.74, 2 if the percentage lies between 10.74-21.48, and scored 3 if the blocks were above 21.48%. ● Out of 22 blocks, 14 blocks scored 1.

Indicator 9 : Number of Institutional and houseless population in each block

● The blocks were scored based on percentage of Institutional and houseless population in each block per the total population. ● The blocks were scored 3 if the percentage lies between 0-10, 2 if the percentage lies between 10-20, and scored 1 if the blocks were above 20%. ● Rangeilunda block had the least percentage of institutional and houseless population and it scored 3 and the rest of the blocks were scored 2 and 1.

Indicator 10 : Number of police stations in each block

● The blocks were scored based on the required number of police stations per lakh population in each block. ● Blocks were scored 1 if it had insufficient number of police stations, 2 if it had the number of police stations as per requirement and 3 if it had more than the required number of police stations. ● Rangeilunda and Buguda blocks had insufficient number of police stations while the rest of the blocks satisfied the requirement.

The total scores for each block and the governance index were calculated. The blocks were scored 1 if the index lies between 0-0.45, 2 if the index lies between 0.45-0.6 and 3 if the index was above 0.6. Polosora, Khallikote, Buguda, K. S. Nagar blocks performed poorly, Bellaguntha, Kukudakhandi, Sanakhemundi, Chikiti, J. N. Prasad, Purusottampur, Rangeilunda, Digapahandi, Bhanjanagar, Patrapur blocks performed