Opportunity in the Community: A Study on Jackson Heights Public Space by Demir Purisic

OPPORTUNITY IN THE COMMUNITY: A STUDY ON JACKSON HEIGHTS PUBLIC SPACE By NYIT School of Architecture Class of 2023 ARCH 402 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022

ARCH 402 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022 Professor Demir Purisic - dpurisic@nyit.edu Students Jennifer Buckley Jennifer Caceres Patrick Cohen Angelo Collura Marina Iodice Doron Karimzadeh Francesco Mannino Lianna Moze Sebastian Paredes Sam Rivera Sarah Shamalov Daniella Vlakancic

TABLE OF CONTENTS CH 1

Introduction

Pg 4-5

CH 2

History and Demographics

Pg 6-25

CH 3

Built Enviorment

Pg 26-55

CH 4

Streetscape

Pg 56-75

CH 5

Open Street/Stakeholders

Pg 76-109

CH 6

Park Within a Grid Group MDL

Pg 110-163

CH 7

The High Ground Group CPR

Pg 164-185

CH 8

Tiny Parks Group Tiny Parks

Pg 186-265

CH 9

Group 4

Pg 266-291

Student Acknowledgment

Pg 294-297

INTRODUCTION

This book is a collection of work organized by fourth year architecture students at the New York Institute of Technology. The class is led by professor Demir Purisic and the semester’s objective was to analyze the open streets objective on 34th avenue in Jackson Heights, Queens. Jackson Heights is a neighborhood in Queens, New York that is described as a place that is historic, celebrates diversity, is heterogeneous and has a dense urban feel. Students were tasked in analyzing all aspects of Jackson Heights and compiling all their research together. The class researched History and demographics, built environment, streetscape, the open streets proposal, and even contacting stakeholders within the community. Using this research, the students will funnel their knowledge into proposing a new/ revamped community space for Jackson Heights, which will be the project for the Spring 2022 semester. The Proposals done by the class all orient around 34th avenue. The current proposal on 34th Avenue is an open street where pedestrians and cyclists can move safely due to limited car access. This was done because the community wanted an area to get outside and enjoy themselves during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This studio focuses on how to make 34th avenue more accessible, safer and especially more community oriented instead of the current proposal.

HISTORY AND DEMOGRAPHICS Patrick Cohen Sam Rivera Sebastian Paredes

1914

1929

History of Jackson Heights - Timeline

1910

1920

1930

Jackson Heights’ first buildings are built. Jackson Heights’ first baby will be born here.

Around 350 acres of land are bought by Queensboro Corp. Named Jackson Heights after entrepreneur John Jackson

1940s

1940

Andrew Thomas designs Linden Court, Ivy Court, Cedar Court, Spanish Gardens, and more.

More Jewish people begin to move into Jackson Heights.

1950 Development slows down due to the Great Depression and World War II.

Dunolly Gardens is the last apartment built by Andrew Thomas. LaGuardia opens the same year.

1939

1910 - 1914

1911

During the revolution, 2 contingents of the British army made camp here to prepare for the Battle of Kip’s Bay.

Subway connects Jackson Heights to Grand Central.

1930s - 40s

1900

1930s

Important residents included Leverich Family and Barclay Family (Barclay St).

Artists from the city begin moving to Jackson Heights. Many are homosexual, starting a big LGBTQ communty.

1919 - 1924

COLONIAL

Laurel Court is Jackson Heights’ first apartment building, followed by Oban and Penrhyn Courts. 1917

The area of Jackson Heights was a marsh named Trains Meadow after Trains Meadow Road.

Robert Morris apartments are built, named after founding father Robert Morris.

1988

1960

1970

1980

Jackson Heights Beautification Group is formed to organize tours and activities. It also pushes to have Jackson Heights designated as a historic district. Jackson Heights is added to the National Register of Historic Places. 1999

1970s

1960s

Long Island becomes more developed, enticing many of Jackson Heights’ wealthy white residents to move east.

Colombian cartels establish business centers in Jackson Heights, causing a big increase in crime.

1990

2000

Over 200 Queensboro Corp buildings still remain.

2010

2020

A large section of 34th Ave is turned into a pedestrian zone as part of the Open Streets Initiative. Jackson Heights is made an NYC historic district. Guidelines are set for new/existing buildings.

1965

1993

The 1965 Immigration Act removes alot of discrimination from US immigration policies, leading to a large increase in Latin American and Asian Residents in Jackson Heights.

History of Jackson Heights

Colonial - 1900 Prior to the 1900s, the area of Jackson Heights was called Trains Meadow after Trains Meadow Road. This area was a marsh consisting of farms, fields, and a few farmhouses. Some of the important figures of Trains Meadow included the Leverich Family (who settled there in the mid 1600s) and the Barclay Family (who Barclay St is named after). During the Revolutionary War, two contingents of the British Army made camp in Trains Meadow in preparation for the Battle of Kip’s Bay.

Early 1900s Around 350 acres of land were bought between 1910 and 1914 by the Queensboro Corporation. Its founder, Edward MacDougall, named this area Jackson Heights after Queens entrepreneur John Jackson. MacDougall was inspired by the Garden City movement founded by British planner Ebenezer Howard The first buildings in Jackson Heights were built in 1911 and even served as the birthplace of Jackson Heights’ first baby, Katherine Brace. 10

Early Jack

kson Heights (mpcproperties.com)

Map of Trains Meadow, 1903 (Jackson Heights A Garden in the City)

Early Jackson Heights (mpcproperties.com)

History of Jackson Heights

Early - Mid 1900s Laurel Court (Jackson Heights’ first apartment building) is finished in 1914, followed by Oban and Penrhyn Courts. Jackson Heights is connected to Grand Central via subway in 1917, allowing new residents to flood in. Linden Court is built in 1919. It is designed by Andrew Thomas, who would go on to be one of the most influential architects for Jackson Heights. The Chateau and the Towers are some of Jackson Heights’ first buildings to have elevators. Andrew Thomas designs Ivy Court, Cedar Court, and Spanish Gardens in 1924. The Robert Moris Apartments are built in 1929. They are named after founding father and signer of the Declaration, Robert Morris. Dunolly Gardens is the last apartment building designed by Andrew Thomas and is completed in 1939. LaGuardia Airport opens in 1939, making it even easier for people to move to Jackson Heights. Development slows down between the Depression and WWII. 12

Laurel Cour

rt, 1914 (Jackson Heights History on facebook)

Dunolly Gardens (qchron.com)

Linden Court (metropolismag.com)

History of Jackson Heights

Mid - Late 1900s In the 1930s, many artists from Manhattan move into jackson heights. This marks the beginning of Jackson Heights’ big LGBTQ community, as many of these artists are homosexuals. Today, Jackson Heights is home to the second largest pride parade in New York. More Jewish people begin to move into Jackson Heights during the 1940s. Long Island becomes more developed during the 1960s, enticing many of Jackson Heights’ wealthy white residents to move east. This opens the door for alot more diversity. The 1965 Immigration Act removes alot of discrimination from US immigration policies, which leads to a large increase in Latin American and Asian residents in Jackson Heights. In the 1970s, Columbian cartels establish business centers in Jackson Heights, causing a big increase in crime. This crime plagues Jackson Heights for many years. It goes down in the 1990s, only because crime reduction in Manhattan hurt the cartels’ markets. 14

Diversity Plaza in Jackson He

eights (queensledger.com)

Pride Parade in Jackson Heights (amny.com)

Diversity in Jackson Heights (nytimes.com)

History of Jackson Heights

Jackson Heights Beautification Group (nycservice

Late 1900s - Present The Jackson Heights Beautification Group is formed in 1988 to organize tours and activities. It also pushes to have Jackson Heights designated as a historic district. The group is successful in 1993, when Jackson Heights is made an official NYC Historic District. Guidelines must now be set for new and existing buildings. Later, in 1999, Jackson Heights is also added to the National Register of Historic Places. Today, over 200 of the original Queensboro Corporation buildings still exist. More recently, a section of 34th Avenue (a major artery in Jackson Heights) has been turned into a pedestrian zone. This is part of the Open Streets Initiatve to promote social distancing as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. 16

e.org)

Jackson Heights Today (streeteasy.com)

34th Avenue Pedestrian Zone (streetlab.org)

Mapping Jackson Heights History

1911-1920 1. First buildings 2. Laurel Court 3. Oban Court 4. Penrhyn Court 5. Plymouth Court 6. Willow Court 7. The Colonials 8. Roosevelt Elevated Subway 9. Garden Apartments (renamed the Greystone Apartments) 10. The Airdome 11. Linden Court

Northern Boulevard

34th Ave

Roosevelt Ave

9 6

1 8

Mapping Jackson Heights History

1920-1940 1020-1940

12. Hampton Court 13. Elm Court 14. Hawthorne Court 15. Labernum Court 16. Cambridge Court 17. The Chateau 18. The Towers 19. Hayes Court 20. Ivy Court 21. Cedar Court

Northern Boulevard

34th Ave

Roosevelt Ave

20 17 13 21 12

14 16

Mapping Jackson Heights History

1940-present 22. Georgian Hall 23. Beech Court 24. Maple Court 25. Oak Hall East 26. Oak Hall West 27. Buckingham Hall 28. Berkeley Gardens 29. The Colton 30. Saybrook 31. Belvedere 32. Griswold 33. Brooklyn Queens Expressway 34. Dunnoly Gardens 35. Carlton House 36. Travers Park

Northern Boulevard

34th Ave

Roosevelt Ave

35 25 22 31 24 26

Jackson Heights Demographics

Jackson Heights 1960 1990 Demographics

Demographics of 1960

In the 1960’s, the community was nearly 98.5% white. A decade later the the percentage went down to 87.4% white. Jackson Heights was still known as a native born middle and working class residence. Soon after in the 1990’s, Jackson Heights became a multi diverse community. Where 39.8% were white, 41.3% Hispanic, 2.1% Black, and 16% Asian and other.

99%

White

Jackson Heights 2010 Demographics According to the 2010 United States Census, The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 17.2% White, 2.0% African American, 0.1% Native American, 22.0% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 56.5% of the population.

Black Hispanic

Asian/Othe

Demographics of 1990

16%

Jackson Heights Present Day Demographics Jackson Heights today remains similar to the 2010 Census, but only slight change has occured. The community is now 20.1% White, 1.5% Black, 51.7% Hispanic, 23.8% Asian, and 2.4% other races.

40% 42%

White Black Hispanic

Asian/Other

Demographics of 1970

Demographics of 1980

1% 31% 88% White Black

Hispanic

59%

Asian/Other

Demographics of 2010 U.S Census

24%

Demographics of Present Day

17%

26%

57%

21%

White Black

52%

Hispanic Asian/Other

3 BUILT ENVIRONMENT Sarah Shamalov Jennifer Buckley Doron Karimzadeh

Introduction to Build Environment: This team was responsible for studying and documenting the existing conditions of the neighborhood within Jackson Heights. Focusing mainly on detailed modeling of the build enviroment, including infrastructure and landscape elements. In addition, they created an indepth understanding of the programmatic make-up of the neighborhood with a detailed focus on the existing residential, commerical, and cultural elements of the neighborhood. They began with modeling the overall boundaries of jackson heights specifically around 34th Ave. Taking note of all the locations we visited within the our site trip. They sought out the locations of the Public/ Private parks and noted all residental/ commerical buildings. The Built Environment group studied and analysed the Historal district and took note of its location. Futhermore they analysed the facades and structures of the private gardens, and one to two story family homes. Within landscaping they identified all the different types and heights of trees located within the bottom half of Jackson Heights. These analyses were quite important to understanding the enviroment/ built enviroment within lower part of Jackson Heights. Without this information the class would not be able create an appropriate understanding what would it means to live in Jackson Heights.

LOCATIONS When visiting Jackson Heights, The class traveled the path highlighted in red. The different locations highlighted in orange are some important parks/monuments we observed. Some key spots range from private/public parks, churches, bowling alley, kidney center, and the burnt down apartment complex on 34th street. This help the class decide on what location their porposals would be located. Later to be decided that the whole class divided 34th Ave into 4 equal groups and each group took the surrounding buildings. (Community Playground) 33-54 74th Street

Northern Blvd

Northern Blvd 81st St

77th St

75th St

72nd St

69th St

34th Ave

35th Ave

kly Broo

34th Ave

37th Ave

Roosevelt Ave

500 FT

(Pigeon Park) 70-24 37th Ave

(St. Joan of Arc Roman Church) 82-00 35th Ave

81st St

78th St

75th St

72nd St

Roosevelt Ave

(Bowlero) 69-10 34th Ave

81st St

37th Ave

77th St

75th St

72nd St

xpwy

een E

n Qu

(Traves Park) 33-16 78th Street

(Northern Playground) 33-31 93rd Street (La Mesa Verde) 34-11 91st Street

Northern Blvd

35th Ave

34th Ave

37th Ave

72nd St

90th St

87th St

84th St

Roosevelt Ave

93rd St

90th St

84th St

37th Ave

Ave

34th Ave

34th

93rd St

90th St

87th St

84th St

34th Ave

Roosevelt Ave

(35th Building) 3531 85th Street

(Blessed Sacrament Church) 34-43 93rd Street

(Cambridge Court) 37-14 86th Street

PRIVATE PARKS Here are just some of the many private parks Jackson Heights provides. There are so many we were only able to show pictures of some. They are all closed off to the public and only accessable to the residency. Luckly we were able to experience the inside of three of them. Since most or completely gated off. There are a tremedious amount of private parks compared to public parks. (As seen on next page.)

(Private park) 33-40 81th Street

(Dunolly Gardens) 34-20 79th Street

Northern Blvd

Northern Blvd 81st St

77th St

75th St

72nd St

69th St

34th Ave

35th Ave

n Qu

kly Broo

34th Ave

81st St

37th Ave

77th St

75th St

72nd St

xpwy

een E

(Hawthrone Court) 76th Street

37th Ave

Roosevelt Ave

(Private Park) 35-15 75th Street 500 FT

(Hampton Court Garden) 35-16 79th Street

(Private Park) 35-33 76th Street

(Laburnum Court Garden) 37-46 80th Street

81st St

78th St

75th St

72nd St

Roosevelt Ave

(Private park) 80-98 34th Ave

(Ivy Court Garden) 83-2 34th Ave

(La Mesa Verde) 34-11 91st Street Northern Blvd

Northern Blvd

35th Ave

34th Ave

93rd St

90th St

84th St

37th Ave

Ave

34th Ave

34th

93rd St

90th St

87th St

84th St

34th Ave

37th Ave

72nd St

(Linden Court Garden) 37-27 85th Street

90th St

87th St

84th St

Roosevelt Ave

(35th Building) 3531 85th Street

Roosevelt Ave

(Private park) 37-3723 83th Street

(Cambridge Court) 37-14 86th Street

PUBLIC PARKS In Jackson Heights there is a few amount of public parks. Traves park is the most commonly known. It was been renovated in the past year and it still does not accomadate enough space for the people of Jackson Heights. This park becomes densly populated quickly. As you can see Traves Park is the only park with a small patch of green grass, the rest of the parks are all pavement. For example, the Community Playground, Pigeon Paradise, Playground Ninety, Northern Playground and Dos Unaue Triangles. The defintion of a park is “A large public green area in a town.” So technically Traves is the only public park in the lower part of Jackson Heights.

(Traves Park) 33-16 78th Street

Northern Blvd

Northern Blvd 81st St

77th St

75th St

72nd St

69th St

34th Ave

35th Ave

37th Ave

Roosevelt Ave

81st St

(Pigeon Paradise) 70-24 37th Ave

78th St

500 FT

75th St

72nd St

Roosevelt Ave

81st St

37th Ave

77th St

75th St

(Community Playground) 33-54 74th Street

72nd St

xpwy

een E

n Qu

kly Broo

34th Ave

(Playground Ninety) 90th Street (Northern Playground) 33-31 93rd Street

Northern Blvd

35th Ave

34th Ave

37th Ave

72nd St

90th St

87th St

84th St

Roosevelt Ave

93rd St

90th St

84th St

37th Ave

Ave

34th Ave

34th

93rd St

90th St

87th St

84th St

34th Ave

Roosevelt Ave

(Dos Unanue Triangle) 83-98 Baxter Street

LAND USE

JACKSON HEIGHTS ZONING MAP

RESIDENTIAL ZONING R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10

Residence Districts are characterized by a range of housing types, from detached single-family homes in R1 Districts to residential skyscrapers in R10 Districts.

R4 Zoning

R5 Zoning

COMMERCIAL ZONING C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 Commercial Districts are characterized by a range of business activities, from neighborhood retail and services in C1 Districts, to regional commercial areas with department stores and movie theaters in C4 Districts, to gas stations and car repair in C8 Districts.

R8 Zoning 38

C4 Zoning

R6 Zoning

R7 Zoning

MANUFACTURING ZONING M1, M2, M3 Manufacturing Districts are characterized by a range of industrial and commercial activities, including light manufacturing in M1 Districts and heavy manufacturing in M3 Districts.

C8 Zoning

M1 Zoning

HISTORICAL DISTRICT

Tree Map

TREES 48

Vegetation TREE SPECIES LONDON PLANETREE

837

NORWAY MAPLE

625

HONEYLOCUST

621

PIN OAK

585

CALLERY PEAR

472

LITTLELEAF LINDEN

465

GREEN ASH

317

(NO VALUE)

305

SILVER LINDEN

283

JAPANESE ZELKOVA

259

SOPHORA

253 141

GINKO

200

400

600

800

1000

QUANTITY OF TREES IN JACKSON HEIGHTS

6,863 TREES IN JACKSON HEIGHTS 50

12% OF ALL TREES IN JACKSON HEIGHTS ARE LONDON PLANETREE

101 TREE SPECIES IN JACKSON HEIGHTS

TOTAL ANNUAL SAVINGS: $1,097,542.79

ENERGY CONSERVED EACH YEAR: 6,900,116 kWh VALUE: $871,104.29 STORMWATER INTERCEPTED EACH YEAR: 11,421,146 GALLONS VALUE: $113,069.29 AIR POLLUTANTS REMOVED EACH YEAR: 13,298 POUNDS VALUE: $69,531.34 CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCED EACH YEAR: 13,125,205 TONS VALUE: $43,837.87 51

Trees HEIGHT (FT.) 100

60 40

20 0

GROWTH: TRUNK (DIA.): POPULATION IN JACKSON HEIGHTS: LEAF:

CALLERY PEAR

NORWAY MAPLE

HONEYLOCUST

30 - 50 FT.

40 - 60 FT.

30 - 70 FT.

<1 FT.

1 - 2 FT.

472

625

621

LITTLELEAF LINDEN

PIN OAK

LONDON PLANETREE

50 - 60 FT.

60 - 70 FT.

75 - 100 FT.

2 - 3 FT.

1 - 3 FT.

3 - 8 FT.

465

585

837

57’ 10’

9’

6’

10’

7’

10’

6’

9’

10’

3 4 STREETSCAPE FRANCESCO S. MANNINO II ANGELO J. COLLURA JEN

Streets are the life of any location. If you are looking to truly discover the culture and mood of any new location, the streets can be the best place to start. Streets are one of the only the crucial city elements that signify the public life of the place. The combination between greenery and urban landscape can truly identify a location and broadcast a powerful memory in the minds of their visitors. Jackson Heights showcases a multitude of streetscapes that portray the life and history of the city. Roosevelt Avenue, 34th Avenue, and Northern Boulevard are a select few that showcase the variations of culture and history throughout the modern popular location.

ROOSEVELT AVENUE FULL STREET SECTION

FULLR6ROOSEVELT AVENUE SECTION zoning are built-up, medium-density areas throught Brooklyn, Queens

OVERLAY and the Bronx. The character of R6 districts can range from neighborhoods

85th

75th

80th

with diverse mic of building types and heights to large-scale “tower in the park” developments. A required ‘height factor’ regulation , introduced in 1961, produce small multi - family buildings on small zoning lots and , on larger lots, tall buildins that are set back from the street. Optional Quality Housing regulations produce hight lot coverage buildings within height limits.

C4-3

74th Street NOTE: DASHED LINES REPRESENT STREET BLOCK INTERSECTIONS NOTE: POCHED BLACK FACADE HEIGHT INFORMATION FROM NYC ZOLA F.F. EL.

FIGURE 1.1 ZONING INFORMATION ZONING NOTE: C4 - 3 & R-6 ARE CONSIDERED EQUIVALENT ZONING DISTRICTS. COMMERCIAL FAR: RESIDENTIAL FAR:

3.4 0.78-2.43

COMMERCIAL & OFFICE MIXED RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL & MANUFACTURING PARKING FACILITIES 58

FIGURE 1.2

C4-2 through C4-5 districts are mapped in more densly built areas.

95th

CORNER LOTS OF 90TH & ELMHURST

C4 districts are mapped in regional commercial centers. In these areas, specialty and department stores, theaters and other comercial and office uses serce a larger region and generate more traffic than neighborhood shoping areas.

WARREN ST (96th ST)

FIGURE 1.3 HISTORICAL IMAGERY OF ROOSEVELT AVENUE, EAST AT 82ND STREET FROM THE NYC DEPARTMENT OF RECORDS & 59

SECTION A-A OF ROOSEVELT AVENUE (78TH STREET - 81ST STREET)

SECTION A-A PERSPECTIVE

3 FLRS. 2 FLRS. 1 FLRS.

78th St.

COMMERCIAL & OFFICE MIXED RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL & MANUFACTURING PARKING FACILITIES

79th St.

3 FLRS. 2 FLRS. 1 FLRS.

80th St.

81th St.

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF ROOSEVELT AVENUE (78TH STREET - 81ST STREET)

SECTION A-A PERSPECTIVE

SECTION A-A 3 FLRS.

HISTORICAL DATES

2 FLRS. 1 FLRS.

3 FLRS. 2 FLRS. 3 FLRS. 1 FLRS. 2 FLRS. 1 FLRS. NOTE: BUILDING OPACITY REPRESENTS 78thTHE St. AGE (YEAR BUILT) OF THE BUILDING. THE MORE TRANSPARENT THE OLDER THE BUILDING. COMMERCIAL & OFFICE MIXED RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL & MANUFACTURING PARKING FACILITIES

79th St.

3 FLRS. 2 FLRS. 1 FLRS.

3 FLRS. 2 FLRS. 3 FLRS. 1 FLRS. 2 FLRS. 1 FLRS. 80th St.

81th St.

34th Avenue ZONING DISTRICTS OF 34th AVENUE (50’)

R7 zoning districts are me house districts that encou buildings on smaller lots buildings with less lot cov ratio (FAR) in R7 districts high of 3.44; the open spa ranges from 15.5 to 25.5.

77th St.

69th St.

R5 districts allow a variety of housing at a higher density than permitted in R3-2 and R4 districts. The floor area ratio (FAR) of 1.25 typically produces three-and four-story attached houses and small apartment houses. With a height limit of 40 feet, R5 districts provide a transition between lower- and higher-density neighborhoods.

R5 6 FLRS. 4 FLRS. 2 FLRS.

FIGURE 1.1

69th Street

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS PUBLIC BUILDINGS RECREATIONAL FACILITIES NOTE: DASHED LINES REPRESENT STREET BLOCK INTERSECTIONS NOTE: POCHED BLACK FACADE HEIGHT INFORMATION FROM NYC ZOLA 64F.F. EL.

FIGURE 1.1

https:/

R7-1

94th St.

93rd St.

edium-density apartment urage lower apartment and, on larger lots, taller verage. The floor area s ranges from 0.87 to a ace ratio (OSR) (OSR)

R6A contextual districts produce high lot coverage, six- to eight-story apartment buildings set at or near the street line designed to be compatible with older buildings in medium-density neighborhoods. The floor area ratio (FAR) in R6 districts ranges from 0.78 (for a single-story building) to 2.43 at a typical height of 13 stories; the open space ratio (OSR) ranges from 27.5 to 37.5.

R6A 6 FLRS. 4 FLRS. 2 FLRS.

FIGURE 2.1

Junction Blvd.

FIGURE 2.1

//www1.nyc.gov/site/planning/zoning/districts-tools/residence-districts-r1-r10.page 65

SECTION A-A OF 34TH AVENUE (70TH STREET - 73RD STREET)

3 FLRS. 2 FLRS. 1 FLRS.

70th St

71st St

The Georgian Revival often has the Classic Colonial shape. Typically two or three stories tall, these designs are symmetrical with hipped, gable, or gambrel roofs. Elaborate doorways are usual, with pilasters, sidelights, and even porticos. 66

3 FLRS. 2 FLRS. 1 FLRS.

72nd St

73rd St

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS PUBLIC BUILDINGS RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 67

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF 34TH AVENUE (70TH STREET - 73RD STREET)

3 FLRS. 2 FLRS. 1 FLRS.

1928

1940

3 FLRS. 2 FLRS. 1 FLRS.

70th St

71st St

3 FLRS. 2 FLRS. 1 FLRS.

1937

3 FLRS. 2 FLRS. 1 FLRS.

72nd St

73rd St

NOTE: BUILDING OPACITY REPRESENTS THE AGE (YEAR BUILT) OF THE BUILDING. THE MORE TRANSPARENT THE OLDER THE69 BUILDING,

SECTION A-A OF NOTHERN BLVD (80TH STREET - 83RD STREET)

80th St

81st St

COMMERCIAL & OFFICE BUILDINGS MIXED RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS INDUSTRIAL & MANUFACTURING BUILDINGS PARKING FACILITIES

82nd St

83rd St

Northern Boulevard

6 FLRS. 4 FLRS.

C2-2

2 FLRS.

69th Street

COMMERCIAL & OFFICE BUILDINGS MIXED RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS INDUSTRIAL & MANUFACTURING BUILDINGS PARKING FACILITIES

NOTE: DASHED LINES REPRESENT STREET BLOCK INTERSECTIONS NOTE: POCHED BLACK FACADE HEIGHT INFORMATION FROM NYC ZOLA F.F. EL.

80th

70th

ZONING DISTRICTS OF Northern Blvd

C4-3

C8-1

90th

C1-2

R7-1 6 FLRS. 4 FLRS. 2 FLRS.

FIGURE 1.1

92nd Street

Commercial activities in the city are permitted in eight commercial districts based on their functional similarities and locational requirements. Small retail and service shops serve the immediate needs of surrounding residential communities. Larger stores with more goods and services are found in another district, borough-wide regional retail centers for example, Main Street in Flushing. A third section of districts are based on central business districts that serve the city, the region and the nation, mapped in Midtown, Lower Manhattan, Downtown Brooklyn and Long Island City.

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF NORTHERN BLVD (80TH STREET - 83RD STREET)

1953

194 ALTER 2016-2

81st St

80th St

NOTE: BUILDING OPACITY REPRESENTS THE AGE (YEAR BUILT) OF THE BUILDING. THE MORE TRANSPARENT THE OLDER THE BUILDING,

48 RED 2017

1949

82nd St

83rd St

OPEN STREETS, PARKS/ STAKEHOLDERS Marina Iodice Daniella Vlakancic Lianna Moze

Open Streets is a community initiative that took into affect in 2020 to provide residents with additional outdoor space during the pandemic. The Department of Transportation formulated a plan to have a linear space free of cars. But after some time, the agency planned to establish pedestrian plazas from 69th Street to Junction Boulevard. Despite these efforts, those in favor of a car-free space are still not satisfied with the proposal, as they don’t see these portable barricades as the most safe nor efficient. Likewise, those who are against the limitations of parking space and blockage of roads are not satisfied either. Some of the challenges asides from parking availability include the inability to make deliveries, as truck drivers are hesitant on having to move the barriers. However, Open Streets has provided beneficial and much needed safe space for pedestrians to engage in activites outdoors, such as walk their dogs, dancing, parades, and outdoor vendor businessses. Parrot, Max. “Dot Unveils Plan for 34th Avenue in Jackson Heights, Includes Pedestrian Plazas and Car Access.”

Open streets

5 MPH

ROAD CLOSED TO THRU TRAFFIC YIELD TO PETS AND BIKES 5MPH

EXISTING PROPOSAL AT 34TH AVENUE, JACKSON HEIGHTS The city currently wishes to utilize “diverters” or barricades for the majority of intersections along 34th Avenue. This 1.3 mile open street spans between 69th Street and Junction Boulevard. The open street, according to officials, serves as a standard to keep the roads free of cars in exchange for more walkable space. In addition, volunteers would place the barricades every morning and remove them for the evening. This enables 56 blocks segments of Jackson Heights to be as car-free as possible during the daytime, and for those who need to move their car to move the barricade. With these considerations, it is evident as to why 34th Avenue is believed to be the city’s most-used open street.

EXISTING PROPOSAL AT 34TH AVENUE, JACKSON HEIGHTS Individuals prove to enjoy the current designated pedestrian spaces, as many are found engaging in activities throughout the day. People often come out for coffee and socialization, while others are found walking thier dogs. One could enjoy free recreational classes such as yoga, salsa, or Mexican dance. Other distinctive activities include a pride parade and even once, a wedding event. Moreover, businesses have started to establish themselves occasionally on the avenue. Food trucks and green markets selling fresh produce are just some of these local businesses that found support during the recent challeneges in the economy. DOT. “DOT Diverter Graphic.” Streetsblog NYC, Department of Transportation, Jackson Heights

DOT. “Diverters.” Streetsblog NYC, Department of Transportation, Jackson Heights

34TH AVENUE Plan view and diagram

Full access streets 34th avenue /partial access Recreational buildings Parks Schools Food Garages

LOOKING AT 34TH AVENUE UNDER Road diagrams

Example of a block

34th Ave 80th st

81st st

Parking spaces

Road verges

Bike lanes

Barriers

Crosswalks

THE MICROSCOPE

Direction of traffic

34th avenue (partial access)

Full access streeets

PLAYGROUND/PARK REVIEWS The original plan vs. today

There are technically 20 private parks in Jackson Heights. The original plan of the the Queensboro Corporation to develop a “garden city,” in which architects had to incorporate a large amount of greenery into their site. In fact, majority of the sites footprints is green space and not taken up by the actual building itself. Although the greenery still exists in parts of Jackson Heights today, most of the spaces are private courtyards that belong to the apartment buildings residents. None of the 20 parks are open to the general public. There are only 7 public parks, and not all are appealing.

Private parks

Parks with the label “NV” are “not visible” to the public Brulene Garden 34-10 94th Street, Jackson Heights, NY 1952 Cambridge Court Park [NV] 85th – 86th Streets, 37th – Roosevelt Avenues, Jackson Heights, NY Olmsted Brothers / 1922 Cedar Court Garden 83-01, 83-09 35th Avenue, Jackson Heights, NY 1924-25 Chateau Park 80th – 81st Streets, 34th – 35th Avenues, Jackson Heights, NY Olmsted Brothers (?) / 1922-23 Community U.M. Church Prayer Garden 35th Avenue, 82nd Street, Jackson Heights, NY 2006 Dunolly Gardens Park 34th – 35th Avenues, 78th – 79th Streets, Jackson Heights, NY 1938-39 Elm Court Park [NV] 79th – 80th Streets, 34th – 35th Avenues, Jackson Heights, NY 1921-22 Greystones (East) Park [NV] 35-30…35-50 80th Street, Jackson Heights, NY 1916-18 Greystones (West) Park [NV] 35-16…35-54 80th Street, Jackson Heights, NY 1916-18 Hamilton Court Park 79th – 80th Streets, 37th – Roosevelt Avenues, Jackson Heights, NY 1925-26 Hampton Court Park 78th – 79th Streets, 35th – 37th Avenues 1919-21 Hawthorne Court Park 76th – 77th Streets, 35th – 37th Avenues, Jackson Heights, NY 1921-22 Hayes Court Garden 34th Avenue, 82nd – 83rd Streets, Jackson Heights, NY 1922-23 Ivy Court Park 34th Avenue, 83rd – 84th Streets, Jackson Heights, NY 1924 Laburnum Court Park [NV] & Laburnum Court Gardens (4) 80th – 79th Streets, 37th – Roosevelt Avenues, Jackson Heights, NY 1921-22 La Mesa Verde Parks (2) 90th – 91st Streets, 34th – 35th Avenues, Jackson Heights, NY Henry Atterbury Smith / 1927 Linden Court Park [NV] 84th – 85th Streets, 37th – Roosevelt Avenues, Jackson Heights, NY 1919-21 Montclair-Colonial Court Park & Fountains [NV] 75th – 76th Streets, 35th – 37th Avenues, Jackson Heights, NY 1940 Oak Hall Park [NV] 35-34 84th Street, 35-33 83rd Street, Jackson Heights, NY 1930-31 St.Joan of Arc Our Lady’s Garden 35th Avenue, 82nd – 83rd Streets, Jackson Heights, NY 1927 St. Mark’s Episcopal Church Gardens (2) 34th Avenue, 81st – 82nd Streets; 33-50 82nd Street, Jackson Heights, NY 1927 Spanish Gardens Park [NV] & Spanish Gardens (4) 3rd – 84th Streets, 37th – Roosevelt Avenues, Jackson Heights, NY 1924-26 34th Avenue Garden Median 34th Avenue, 69th – 90th Streets, Jackson Heights, NY Original: Queensboro Corp. / c.1925; New: M. Zargarelahi, 1996 Towers Park 34th Avenue, 80 – 81st Streets, Jackson Heights, NY Noel Chamberlain / 1923-25 The Washington Plaza Park & Fountains (2) 73-12 35th Avenue, 73rd – 74th Streets Sylvan Bein / 1940 Wemberly Gardens 34-38…34-50 75th Street, 35th – 34th Avenues 1947 The Woodstock Garden 81-01 35th Avenue, 81st Street 1949

Public parks Travers Park 76-9 34th Ave, Queens, NY 11372 Gorman Playground 25th Ave. & 84th St, East Elmhurst, NY 11369 Northern Playground Northern Blvd, Jackson Heights, NY 11372 Playground Ninety 90th St, Jackson Heights, NY 11372 Community Playground 33-54 74th Street, Queens, NY 11372 Louis C. Moser Playground 25th Avenue and 76th Street, East Elmhurst, NY 11370 Landing Lights Dog Park 29-99-29-27 78th St, East Elmhurst, NY 11370 90

Public vs. Private Parks

Visible vs. nonvisible private parks

Travers Park 4.5 Henry Sanchez: “A space for sunbathing, a lot of tables for play and the play area for children is wonderful, very clean”

Victoria Karpinsky: “Always packed with kids and families, as it should be! I love hanging out with my neighbors in this beautiful park.”

Asli Arslan: “Nice neighborhood park. It gets little crowded sometimes.”

Juan Ramos: “Nice park to bad its always crowded”

Aarsh Kahn: “Getting too crowded, no social distancing, city needs more parks.”

Travers Park is one of the most popular parks in Jackson Heights. It is on 34th avenue which means it is conveniently located for the community. Although it is loved by many, the reviews tend to have an overall theme of it being too crowded at times. 92

Northern Playground 4.3 Valeria Paltan: “Disgusting the place is so dirty and wet manydrunk people was there it is dangerous for the kids”

Tony Thompson: “Its boring because I’m old to play on the games but it’s cool to hang out”

Ruben Tovar: “this park is crowded all the time”

John Magione: “Great place to bring the kids and play ball!”

Javier Martinez: “This is a great playground for the entire neighborhood. Great to see adults as well as children playing or exercising here.”

Northern Playground is great for small kids but not as much for teens or adults. Adults are often seen excersizing but other than that theres not much to do unless youre a child. Also seems to have a problem of being overcrowded at times. 94

Gorman Playground 4.3 Paula Macias: “My toddlers loves this park and it’s always filled with families having fun.

Rosana Gati: “Nice place but too many people”

J.M. Gonzalez “not good for smaller kids.Its very open no doors or gates to keep the kids enclosed for their safety”

Ramon Amaro: “Kids friendly. It can get a little too crowded.”

Sandra C: ‘Friendly and diverse. Great playground.”

Gorman Playground is more strictly for kids. All thats there is a playground and theres not much more space for anything else. Unshockingly, it is also overcrowded.

Landing Lights Dog Run 4.2 Alina Rameriez: “. Be prepared to get dusty from the part of the field that isn’t covered with grass anymore.”

Antonio Adorno: “Nice but no division of small or large dogs and no place for water”

Rebekah Kroesing: “Great little dog park! It’s only really a square with grass/dirt with no place to sit it’s not amazing but it’s nice for the area.”

Yaling Chan: “Lots of space, a decent strip of grass. It’d be perfect if they could get a hose installed :)”

Karina Johanna “Beautiful, clean, and very friendly dogs.”

Landing Lights Dog Run is a good spot to go to let your dogs run around off leash. A common complaint is that its pretty much just a dusty field and its not as well kept as the community would hope. Pretty much just an empty plot. Its nothing special for most who come here but its appreciated as its one of the few spots dogs can roam free in Jackson Heights. 98

WHAT DOES THE JACKSON HEIGHTS COMMUNITY WISH TO SEE? It seems that the people of the Jackson Heights community wish for a compromise. Some wish for a design that would make one street in Jackson Heights 34th Avenue completely car-free while other streets are designed to suit those who wish to drive. Resident Mike Lydon mentions that “data shows that the key to a successful, widely used open street is to prevent thru car traffic by making it difficult to enter the street in a car”.

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It also seems that some community members wish to bring back the gardens and parks Jackson Heights was known for in the last century. However, modern development transformed it into one of the most space-deprived neighborhoods of the city. The pandemic proved that streets could be utilized beyond the current proposals, as open spaces in lower class and minority communities reduce air pollution and enable room for local businesses to find greater success.

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LOCAL GROUPS JACKSON HEIGHTS BEAUTIFICATION GROUP (JHBG)

is a non-profit organization working towards civic duty, the environment, and the arts. They include the residents anworkforce of the community who promote public good.

LOCAL

BOARD MEMBERS James McIntyre Vice President/Fundraising/ Director at NY State Housing Agency Jerry Goldman Vice President/Dog Run Leslie Ellman Board President / NYC public schools administrator Joe Brunken Treasurer / Property Manager Daniel Karatzas Historic Jackson Heights / Financial Planner CONTACT: info@jhbg.org 347-766-9129 PO Box 720253 Jackson Heights, NY Facebook: JHBGNY

82nd STREET PARTNERSHIP

is a non-profit entity and award-winning development by the board, tenants, government officials, property owners, and leaders of Jackson Heights. They seek to enrich the quality and sustainability of the community through advocacy, sanitation, marketing, and beautification. CONTACT: 37-06 82nd Street, Suite 309 Jackson Heights, NY 11372 Ph. (718) 335-9421 Fax: (718) 507-1234 info@82ndStreet.org

Hu, Winnie, and Mary Inhea Kang. “The Pandemic Gave New York City ‘Open Streets.’ Will They Survive?” The New York Times, The New York Times, 9 Aug. 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/09/nyregion/open-streets-jackson-heights.html.

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Kuntzman, Gersh, and Streetsblog. “Dot Design for Permanent 34th Avenue Open Street ‘Fails,’ Say Linear Park Supporters.” Streetsblog New York City, 25 Oct. 2021, https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2021/10/25/ dot-design-for-permanent-34th-avenue-open-street-fails-say-linear-park-supporters/.

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STAKEHOLDERS Henry Mei Originizer for 34th Ave Linear Park Project and Resident of Jackson Heights Henry Mei has been a Jackson Heights Resident his entire life and is currently an Orginizer for the 34th Ave Linear Park Project that launched in May 2021. The Project focuses on Maximizing Green space, Maximizing saftey, expanding space for public schools to use for programs and reducing conflict between pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists. Henry Mei is pushing to see effective space that can be used by anyone in the community and safter speration for people and bikes on 34th ave.

Emily Weidenhof Director for the DOT (Department of Transportation) for Public Space Emily Weidenhof is the Director of Public Space at NYC DOT working closely with community groups throughout the five boroughs to re-imagine their streets as public space. She’s focused on the role of the public domain in strengthening and bringing together communities for over a decade, deeply involved in policy, management, legislation, and most recently leading efforts to create Shared and Seasonal Streets in New York City

James McIntyre Part of the Board for the Jackson Heights Beutification Group (JHBG) James Mclyntyre is on the board of JHBG. He is also affiliated with Urban Design Forum, and is a Chief Strategy Office at Inclusive Prosperity Capital which is an organization focused on creating a “cleaner, healthier, more sustainable built environment”. He develops and oversees the implementation of financing and asset management solutions in support of furthering the agency’s mission over the long term. James has extensive experience in public finances and a commitment to political organizing and transportation alternatives.

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STAKEHOLDERS Daniel McPhee Executive Director for Urban Design Forum Daniel McPhee is Executive Director of the Urban Design Forum, where he works with the Board of Directors to present programming on issues like community development, historic preservation, housing, open space, resiliency, and transportation.

Leslie Ramos Part of the 82nd Street Partnership Leslie A. Ramos joined the 82nd Street Partnership in October 2014 as Executive Director. She has extensive experience working with small businesses, City agencies, and the Latino community; bringing a wealth of knowledge in economic and community development practices.

Daniel Karatzas Part of the Jackson Heights Beutification Group and Author/Realtor Daniel is a board member and former president of the Jackson Heights Beautification Group. His book is Jackson Heights – A Garden in the City, talks about the history of Jackson Heights and its unique contribution to urban planning history. He is the acknowledged expert on the community, and has lots of knowledge of the private homes and apartment buildings of Jackson Heights.

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6 GROUP MDL PARK WITHIN A GRID

Marina Iodice Daniella Vlakancic Lianna Moze

Our project inhabits the section of 34th avenue between 69th-74th st. Due to our project being at the beginning of 34th, we aimed to make our proposal be the grand entrance/ welcoming blocks to the open streets. Throughout our project we designed a grid which pertained to our site and the buildings that surrounded it. The grid gave the logic behind the roof of our main proposal and also the roof structures along 34th. These roof structures provide shade and also unify the streets to our main proposal site (in between 69th and 71st) . Our main building is a community center that has spaces for everyone to enjoy. Some of our programs include things such as a gallery, cafe and farmers market. Keeping in mind the elementary school across the street and the middle school down the block, we also have a children’s center and a skate park. Lastly we also have a bike rental for people to rent a bike and ride all the way down the open street. Overall, our goal is to unify the community through our project and create spaces that attract all.

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111

GROUP 1

Northern Blvd

Northern Blvd 81st St

77th St

75th St

72nd St

69th St

34th Ave

35th Ave

37th Ave

Roosevelt Ave

81st St

112

78th St

500 FT

75th St

72nd St

Roosevelt Ave

81st St

37th Ave

77th St

75th St

72nd St

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34th Ave

Northern Blvd

35th Ave

34th Ave

37th Ave

72nd St

90th St

87th St

84th St

Roosevelt Ave

93rd St

90th St

84th St

37th Ave

Ave

34th Ave

34th

93rd St

90th St

87th St

84th St

34th Ave

Roosevelt Ave

113

Pre-existing program analysis

3- Community playground

4- PS 398 Q

1- Bowlero

5- IS 230

Bowlero 69-10 34th Ave, Queens, NY 11377 Theres a place called Bowl 360 Astoria that is only a few more blocks away Billards 70-02 34th Ave, Queens, NY 11372

2- Billards Bar Our groups section Schools

Community playground 33-54 74th Street, Queens, NY 11372 69th st

Site locations

70th st

71st st

72nd st

74th st

73rd st

BQE 3

34th Ave 1

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GRID SYSTEMS Identifying density/ grid

Roof Shape

We first identified where pre-existing buildings were and how they lined up with one another. By doing this we could see which zones were the most “dense” and then wevsubtracted areas from a flat plane with that in mind.

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Identifying density/ grid

Simplifying the Grid

By using the same process as the first grid, we identified density and then proceeded to simplify and alter shapes to further relate to the site.

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Relating Roof to Site

Street Roof Design

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PERFORATION

Main Roof Structure

Slanted Roof Strutures from Grid

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Mat

Material: Recycled Metal

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71st st

70th st

69th st

121

73rd st

72nd st

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PROGRAM MASSING Bike Lane

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Market 2,400sf

Entry Cafe 900sf 720sf

Childre Cente

2,400s

Gallery

ens er

2,400sf

Restrooms

300sf

Storage 300sf

Bike Rental 570sf

Skate Park

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SECTIONS

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127

128

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34TH AVENUE, 69TH STREET TO 7OTH THE WELCOME BLOCK

LOCALLY SOURCED WOOD BENCHES CUSTOMIZED ALONG GRASS MOUND

FIRE LANE BIKE LANE

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H STREET

ART FIGURE

OUTDOOR PIANO

MULTI COLORED FLOOR LIGHTS TO ENHANCE DISPLAY

HYDRANT

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34TH AVENUE, 70TH STREET TO 71ST PICNIC BLOCK

BIKE LANE FIRE LANE

HYDRANT

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STREET

HYDRANT

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34TH AVENUE, 72ND STREET TO 73RD SPECIALTY NATURE BLOCK, MOST ABUNDANT IN LILY

FIRE LANE

LOCALLY SOURCE BENCHES CUSTOM ALONG GRASS MO

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D STREET PAD PONDS

HYDRANT

BIKE LANE

ED WOOD MIZED OUND

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34TH AVENUE, 72ND STREET TO 73R SPECIALTY NATURE BLOCK, MOST ABUNDANT IN LILY

FIRE LANE

LOCALLY SOURCE BENCHES CUSTO ALONG GRASS M

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RD STREET PAD PONDS

HYDRANT

BIKE LANE

ED WOOD OMIZED MOUND

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34TH AVENUE, 73RD STREET TO 74T

ART GARDEN SHOWCASE BLOCK, TO ENCOURAGE AN ATTRACT USERS TO COMMUNITY PLAYGROUND

FIRE LANE

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TH STREET

ND INSPIRE LOCALS AND

HYDRANT

MULTI COLORED FLOOR LIGHTS TO ENHANCE DISPLAY

BIKE LANE

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LILY PAD BIOPOOL POND PROVIDES WILDLIFE, RAIN WATER COLLECTION, FILTER. RAIN GARDEN

2’

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OUTDOOR CHAIRS VERSION 2

CALLERY PEAR

30-50 FT TALL <1 FT WIDE TRUCK

CHERRY BLOSSOM 15-30 FT TALL <1 FT WIDE TRUCK

GIANT BOWLING

PLAYGROUND 141

OUTDOOR FURNITURE DESIGN PICNIC TABLE

1 RECREATION BUILDING ROOF GRID SHAPE OUTLINE. 7’ 1.5’ 1.5’

6’

2 CORNERS SHAPED TO CURVES FOR SMOOTH EDGES FOR USER COMFORT. GEOMETRY IS SIMPLIFIED. 142

3 TABLE IS PAINTED TO ATTRACT USERS, PORTABLE CHAIRS TO FILL INNER CURVED NOOKS. MATERIAL = UPCYLCED METAL FROM PREVIOUS BUILDING STRUCTURE

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OUTDOOR FURNITURE DESIGN

LOCALLY SOURCED PINE OAK WOOD CURVED BENCH

1 LARGE CURVED BIKE ROUTE DESIGN TO PROVIDE CYCLISTS WITH EXPERIENCE INTERGRATED WITH PROGRAM AND ACTIVITIES.

3 WOOD BENCHES DESIGNED AROUND EACH UNIQUE MOUND, POSITIONED TO HAVE USERS FACE THE AVENUE, PLAYGROUNDS, PONDS, AND OTHER ACTIVITIES. MATERIAL = LOCALLY SOURCED WOOD FROM PINE OAK TREES.

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2 BIKE ROUTE CREATES BOUNDARY FOR ADDITION OF SURROUNDING GRASS MOUNDS. DESIGNED TO DIRECT PATHWAYS FOR USERS.

4 INTEGRATED LILY PAD PONDS WITHIN GRASS MOUNDS, BENCHES PLACED NEAR PONDS TO ALLOW USERS TO ENJOY THE ELEMENTS.

DIMENSIONS 7’ - 14‘ LONG 3’ - 4‘ WIDE 2’6” TALL

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NEW PROPOSAL 34TH AVENUE 69TH STREET TO 74TH STREET

71ST STREET

146

70TH STREET

69TH STREET

34TH AVENUE

74TH STREET

73RD STREET

72ND STREET

147

69TH STREET TO 70TH STREET WELCOME BLOCK

69TH STREET A

20’ 0” C

G B

34TH AVENUE

148

PERFORATED METAL ROOF PAVILION

D FLOOR LIGHTS

LOCALLY SOURCED CURVED WOOD BENCH

E ART SHOWCASE

GRASS MOUNDS

F PICNIC AREA

70TH STREET

OUTDOOR PIANO & MUSIC AREA

PLAYGROUND

LILY PAND POND/ RAIN GARDEN

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70TH STREET TO 71ST STREET PICNIC BLOCK

70TH STREET A

20’ 0”

34TH AVENUE

150

PERFORATED METAL ROOF PAVILION

D FLOOR LIGHTS

LOCALLY SOURCED CURVED WOOD BENCH

E ART SHOWCASE

GRASS MOUNDS

F PICNIC AREA

71ST STREET

OUTDOOR PIANO & MUSIC AREA

PLAYGROUND

LILY PAND POND/ RAIN GARDEN

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71ST STREET TO 72ND STREET PLAYGROUND BLOCK

71ST STREET A

20’ 0”

34TH AVENUE

152

PERFORATED METAL ROOF PAVILION

D FLOOR LIGHTS

LOCALLY SOURCED CURVED WOOD BENCH

E ART SHOWCASE

GRASS MOUNDS

F PICNIC AREA

72ND STREET

OUTDOOR PIANO & MUSIC AREA

PLAYGROUND

LILY PAND POND/ RAIN GARDEN

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72ND STREET TO 73RD STREET NATURE BLOCK 72ND STREET A

20’ 0” B

34TH AVENUE

154

PERFORATED METAL ROOF PAVILION

D FLOOR LIGHTS

LOCALLY SOURCED CURVED WOOD BENCH

E ART SHOWCASE

GRASS MOUNDS

F PICNIC AREA

73RD STREET

OUTDOOR PIANO & MUSIC AREA

PLAYGROUND

LILY PAND POND/ RAIN GARDEN

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73RD STREET TO 74TH STREET ART GARDEN SHOWCASE BLOCK 73RD STREET A

20’ 0”

E B

34TH AVENUE

156

PERFORATED METAL ROOF PAVILION

D FLOOR LIGHTS

LOCALLY SOURCED CURVED WOOD BENCH

E ART SHOWCASE

GRASS MOUNDS

F PICNIC AREA

74TH STREET

OUTDOOR PIANO & MUSIC AREA

PLAYGROUND

LILY PAND POND/ RAIN GARDEN

157

1’ 0”

GRASS MOUND IS ACCESIBLE FOR LOUNGING AND PICNICKING. 158

MOUND RANGES FROM 1’ HIGH TO 4’ HIGH, TO ENABLE USERS TO WALK ON AND SIT. HIGHER MOUNDS DESIGNED TO SERVE AS BUFFER TO SURROUNDING RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS AND GUIDE WALKWAY DIRECTION.

4’ 0”

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160

161

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7 CPR GROUP

TRAVERS PARK Exploded Axon

THE HIGH GROUND

Patrick Cohen Sebastian Paredes Sam Rivera

Patrick Cohen, Sebastian Paredes, and Sam Rivera (CPR Group) were responsible for the area of Jackson Heights from 74th to 82nd Street. Their study of this area, combined with the class’s earlier research, allowed them to identify zones in addition to 34th Avenue that needed redesign. Essentially, dedicated public green space was the main element that this area was lacking. The project would therefore evolve to focus on Travers Park, with additional interventions branching out from there. This focus on Travers sparked discussion about the relationship between incline and decline, eventually earning the project its name: The High Ground.

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Northern Blvd

Northern Blvd 81st St

77th St

75th St

72nd St

69th St

34th Ave

35th Ave

81st St

37th Ave

77th St

75th St

72nd St

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34th Ave

37th Ave

81st St

78th St

75th St

72nd St

Roosevelt Ave

500 FT

GROUP 2 166

Northern Blvd

35th Ave

34th Ave

37th Ave

72nd St

90th St

87th St

84th St

Roosevelt Ave

93rd St

90th St

84th St

37th Ave

Ave

34th Ave

34th

93rd St

90th St

87th St

84th St

34th Ave

Roosevelt Ave

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168

79th St

78th St

77th St

76th St

75th St

THE SITE

Travers Park

34th Ave

81st St

80th St

8 169

THE SITE INTERVENTION LOCATIONS

Travers Park

KEY TAKEAWAYS Travers Park is a great location for public green space, yet it is mostly hardscape Community members love 34th Ave as a pedestrian zone, but wish there was more to do Private gardens between 80th and 81st street have direct access to 34th Ave (opportunity?)

Locations in need of re-design: Travers Park, 34th Ave, and Private Gardens

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81st St

80th St

79th St

78th St

77th St

76th St

75th St

34th Ave

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TRAVERS PARK CONCEPT DIAGRAMS

PARK

172

MARKETPLACE

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TRAVERS PARK CONCEPT DIAGRAMS

PARK RESPONDS TO PLAZA

EXISTING PARK Mostly hardscape Minimal green space No defined circulation

40FT GRID APPLIED

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PERFORATIONS RESPOND TO PARK

PATH RESPONDS TO PERFORATIONS

PERFORATIONS INSCRIBED

MARKETS AND PATH AS PROGRAM

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TRAVERS PARK

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TRAVERS PARK

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THE ELEVATED PATH IS A CONTINUATION OF THE HALF-CIRCLE AND SERVES AS TRAVERS PARK’S MAIN CIRCULATION. LIFTING IT ABOVE THE PARK ALLOWS MORE GREENERY TO FIT BELOW.

ELEVATED PATH

THE PARK SPACE IS KEPT AS NATURAL AS POSSIBLE, WITH ONLY SMALL WALKING TRAILS BREAKING IT UP. IT IS SUPPORTED BY AN ORGANIC CONCRETE SHELL THAT FEEDS INTO THE WALLS OF THE MARKETPLACE.

DEDICATED PARK SPACE

THE MARKETPLACE SITS BENEATH THE PARK. INSIDE ARE MINI PARKS THAT RESPOND TO THE PERFORATIONS, A COLUMN/TRUSS SYSTEM TO SUPPORT THE PARK, AND A CATWALK CREATED FROM THE PATH ABOVE.

MARKETPLACE ELEMENTS AND STRUCTURE

THE MARKETPLACE BECOMES REVEALED ALONG NORTHERN DUE TO THE UPWARD SLOPE OF THE PARK AND THE DOWNWARD SLOPE OF THE BLOCK. THE PATH OF THE EXISTING PLAZA FEEDS DIRECTLY INTO THE PARK.

EXISTING BLOCK AND PLAZA

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34TH AVENUE STRATEGIES FOR ALL BLOCKS

180

FIRE LANES MAINTAIN BUILDING ACCESS FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLES ONLY. THEY CAN HOUSE MOVABLE PROGRAM WHEN NOT IN USE.

WALKING/BIKING PATH CONNECTS EACH BLOCK AND TIES BACK INTO TRAVERS PARK. THIS CREATS A UNIFIED CIRCULATION.

REMAINDER OF THE STREET BECOMES DEDICATED PARK SPACE. IT WILL BE DESIGNED DIFFERENTLY ACCROSS EACH BLOCK, WITH VARYING LEVELS OF GREENERY AND PROGRAM.

PERPENDICULAR CAR TRAFFIC REMAINS, BUT SPEED BUMPS AND ROAD TEXRURE PROMOTE SLOW/SAFE CROSSING.

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79th - 82nd

77th - 79th

74th - 77th

34TH AVENUE

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PRIVATE GARDENS CONCEPT IMAGES

The new parks will need a central means of circulation. Maybe covered paths could house displays? Pavilions serve as punctuation. Possibly expressed in a similar manner as the historic apartment buildings? Remaining area should remain very minimal in order to feel more like intimate spaces.

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LAYOUT STRATEGY

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8 GROUP 3 82nd St - 89th St on 34th Ave + (“Tiny Parks”) Sarah Shamalov Jennifer Buckley Doron Karimzadeh

186

Group 3 proposed a section of 34th Avenue between 82nd and 89th Streets, along with Tiny parks on the trianglar medians in Jackson Heights, where the existing spaces do not provide a function or are practically unusable. These are vacated small spaces that can easily become important to Jackson Heights. These tiny parks are placed around the bottom edge of Jackson Heights so that they can tie into the recreation of 34th Avenue. It was our goal as a group to create an experience of travel within these parks, similar to the famous private parks in Jackson Heights. Our idea was to immerse residents in a feeling of vacation. A getaway from the dense population of Jackson Heights. In the section of 34th Ave provided by us, we created a public “private” park for the people of Jackson Heights. Additionally, we created 9 different proposals for 9 triangular median spaces throughout Jackson Heights, as shown on the next page.

34th AVE 82nd STREET - 89th STREET

ENTRANCE GARAGE

EXISTING AXON

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81st St

77th St

81st St

77th St

75th St

37th Ave 37th Ave

34th Ave

35th Ave

81st St

78th St

75th St

72nd St

Roosevelt Ave

75th St

72nd St

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34th Ave

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500 FT

72nd St

69th St

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Northern Blvd Northern Blvd

GROUP 3

Northern Blvd

35th Ave

34th Ave

37th Ave

72nd St

90th St

87th St

84th St

Roosevelt Ave

93rd St

90th St

84th St

37th Ave

Ave

34th Ave

34th

93rd St

90th St

87th St

84th St

34th Ave

Roosevelt Ave

189

85TH STREET

84TH STREET

83RD STREET

ENTIRE SITE PLAN GIVEN THE TASK TO PROVIDE INTIMATE SPACES FOR FRIENDS AND FAMILY, THE DESIGN APPROACH FOR THE BLOCKS BETWEEN 82ND STREET AND 89TH STREET WAS DIVIDED INTO 2 IDEAS. THE FIRST IDEA WAS TO EXPAND THE SIDEWALKS TO ALLOW FOR PUBLIC SPACE WHICH CAN BE ACCESSED BY ALL PEDESTRIANS. THE SECOND IDEA, AFFECTING THE 3 BLOCKS FROM 85TH STREET TO 88TH STREET, IS A LINEAR STREET PARK WHICH GIVES RESIDENTS A FOREST GETAWAY, TO ESCAPE FROM THE LOUD CITY LIFE.

190

191

88TH STREET

ENTIRE SITE AXON

192

193

83rd STREET

TREE

S 83th

THE BLOCK BETWEEN 82ND - 83RD STREET OFFERS PEDESTRIANS ACTIVITY SEATING WHERE GROUPS CAN PLAY CHESS, READ, AND RELAX IN THE SUN WHILE CLOSE TO VEGETATION. 194

84th STREET

TREE

S 84th

THE BLOCK BETWEEN 83RD - 84TH STREET EXTENDS THE NORTHERN BLOCK TO GIVE PEDESTRIANS A RELAXING LINEAR PARK WHICH FLOWS THROUGH TWO TREES AND VEGETATION. 195

85th STREET

TREE

S 85th

THE BLOCK BETWEEN 84TH - 85TH STREET OFFERS PEDESTRIANS VARIOUS TYPES OF SHADED SEATING, ALLOWING A SINGLE PERSON OR A GROUP OF PEOPLE TO SPEND TIME TOGETHER RAIN OR SHINE. 196

88th STREET

ST 88th

REET

THE BLOCK BETWEEN 88TH - 89TH GIVES PEDESTRIANS THE CHANCE TO LIE DOWN AND RELAX, EITHER ON RAISED WAVY GRASS OR ON SETS OF HAMMOCKS. 197

THE DESIGN APPROACH FOR THE EXPANDED SIDEWALKS MEANT CREATING EXCITING SPACES FOR FAMILIES AND FRIENDS TO GATHER AND REST IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SEATING, SUCH AS SEATING USED FOR ACTIVITIES, SHADED SEATING, AND LOUNGING SPACES.

198

199

CONCRETE

WOOD

CONCRETE

CONCRETE WOOD

200

COMMUNAL ACTIVITY SEATING

GRASS

CONCRETE

STEEL

FABRIC

RESTING SPACES

201

GRASS

WOOD

STEEL

SHADED + VEGETATION SEATING 202

WOOD

CONCRETE

WOOD

CONCRETE

SHADED + VEGETATION SEATING 203

PARK SITE PLAN THE PARK IS MEANT TO BE ESCAPE FOR RESIDENTS WHO ARE USED TO THE LOUD CITY LIFE. THE SPAN OF THREE BLOCKS PROVIDES PEDESTRIANS WITH A CENTRAL POND, COLORFUL GARDEN, AND LARGE GREAT LAWNS. THE EXTENDED FLOW OF THE PARK INTO ITS ADJACENT STREETS ALLOW FOR EVEN MORE PROGRAM SUCH AS A PLAYGROUND, COMMUNITY GARDEN, AND DOG PARK.

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206

207

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TAXONOMY OF TINY PARKS Conceptual Language

Water Canopy

Elevation

Each Tiny Park has a conceptual language used in the process of designing. Each lagnuage was selected based on what fit best for each tiny median and its location. Our conceptual language consists of a water canopy, push + pull, market space, elevation, sculpture, seasonal, (“Go - for Walk”), forest, and excavation. 210

Go - For - Walk

Push + Pull

Sculpture

Forest

Market Space

Seasonal

Excavate 211

WING TINY PARK Water Canopy

Concrete Wing

Rain collecting detail

The “Wing Tiny Park,” is designed as a water canopy. Its designed for rainwater to drip over the edges of the wing and caught within the sliver of cut-out at the bottom. It would be constructed out of concrete and rebar in a shape of a wing similar form as the existing side median. Underneath would lie benches and tiny trees to immerse the visiter into a relaxing space of nature. Especially during rainy days the visitor would 212 calmly listen to the rain drip.

Uniforming wood bench

213

NORTH ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION

214

WEST SECTION

PLAN

215

216

The “Wing Tiny Park,” is a resting space surrounded by residental buildings and a government commerical building off to its right. We wanted to create a public park hiddened behind the forest of trees seperating the highway to the roads. A relaxing space for the residents of Jackson Heights.

VIEW OF WING TINY PARK FROM RESIDENCE217

BUBBLE TINY PARK Push + Pull

Concrete elements Wood paneling boardwalk

The “Bubble Tiny Park,” is designed with the concept of push + pull. It is surrounded by trees inorder for you to be emerged into a sound barrier of the loud highway. The trees also provide as protection from the busy surounding road. Each element was erranged by a grid first placed as circles. Each one was either extruded or excavated. Additonally for sound proofing we created semicircular walls that guide you into the park. Forcing you to experience each 218 space.

Uniforming bench

219

NORTH ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION

220

WEST SECTION

PLAN221

222

CHILD WALK-WAY ENTRY OF BUBBLE PARK

ENTRANCE OF BUBBLE PARK223

Tented perminate stands

WENDY’S ARTWALK Market Space

Concrete elements with Tiles unique to Jackson Heights

Potted plants varying in sizes

“Wendy’s Artwalk,” is designed with the concept of a market space. We wanted to Incorperate Jackson Heights culture and what better way of doing that then a Artwalk. This is a space for the residence of Jackson Heights to use the stands to sell cultural art related things. We also wanted to incorperate the culture into the tiles used for the stands. Some unqiue pattern to be choosen by the people. We also wanted to slow down the traffic as well as bring in that natural form simliar to our other tiny parks. Lastly we wanted to include diveristy road. Creating sitting spaces for the exisitng resturants were you can grab a meal after 224the artwalk.

Uniforming bench 225

NORTH ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION

226

WEST SECTION

PLAN

227

228

SPACES CREATED WITHIN DIVERISTY ROAD

229 WENDYS ARTWALK STANDS

SKY BRIDGE TINY PARK Elevation

childrens playground

Unifying bench + shaded with trees

Dense Forest element

“Sky Bridge,” is designed with the concept of a Elevation. We wanted to lift the space above the surrounding buildings and create a highline park. The divided spaces match the exisiting lines of the sidewalks. We wanted to create a park that incorperates a forest, relaxation, and the push+pull concept similar to the other parks. The forest element to the left for picnics, the open seating area for bathing and relaxing, lastly, a childrens playground. With a similar tile pattern as the cultural art230walk.

Ice cream shop

Bathing area

231

NORTH ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION

232

WEST SECTION

PLAN 233

234

RELAXING SEATING SPACE ON HIGHLINE 235

TRIANGLE TINY PARK SCULPTURE The “Tiangle Tiny Park,” is designed to be a small scale architecture. The Pavillion is designed for community and pedestrian use. The purpose was to have something simple and subtle in a very busy community.

236

AXON

237

ELEVATION A

ELEVATION B

SECTION 238

PLAN 239

240

241

RINK TINY PARK SEASONAL The “Rink Tiny Park” is a seasonal use park. In the Spring/Summer season, the park becomes a roller blading rink. In the Winter/Fall season, the park becomes a ice skating rink.

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AXON

243

ELEVATION A

ELEVATION B

SECTION 244

PLAN 245

246

247

QUIRKY TINY PARK GO-FOR-A-WALK The “Quirky Tiny Park” is a spiral ramp that is elevated. The ramp serves as another way of walking, not just horizontal but vertically.

248

AXON

249

ELEVATION A

ELEVATION B

SECTION 250

PLAN 251

252

253

FOREST TINY PARK MINI FOREST The “Forest Tiny Park” is as it sounds. In a busy area, introducing a forest would bring serenity and calmness. The forest has many trees, a walkway, and a pond.

254

AXON

255

ELEVATION A

ELEVATION B

SECTION 256

PLAN

257

258

259

EXCAVATED TINY PARK EXCAVATED The “Excavated Tiny Park” consists of 5 excavated circles that would serve as mini amphitheatres for performances. The steps serve as seats to watch the performances.

260

AXON 261

ELEVATION A

ELEVATION B

SECTION 262

PLAN

263

264

265

9 GROUP 4 Francesco Mannino Angelo Collura Jennifer Caceres

34th Avenue is a place of peaceful chaos. Community members traveling down the streets with crowded crossroads jammed to the curb with parked cars. When given the opportunity to design and develop green space, we thought about movement and direction. How can we design a park that oscillates vertically/horizontally through the crowded street? Our project showcases an urban scale multi-purpose green space that allows all forms of traffic to intertwin and create moments of excitement and culture. The implementation of large auditorium seating and market spaces allows for the community to relax and broadcast the good nature that makes up current-day Jackson Heights. Additionally, we believe in promoting good health and exercise. Infrastructure such as playgrounds, park space, and running trails encourage opportunities to spend some time exercising and enjoying the outdoors while living in a crowded urban landscape.

266

267

81st St

77th St

81st St

77th St

75th St

37th Ave 37th Ave

34th Ave

35th Ave

81st St

78th St

75th St

72nd St

Roosevelt Ave Roosevelt Ave

75th St

72nd St

xpwy een E

268

34th Ave

n Qu

500 FT

72nd St

69th St

kly Broo

Northern Blvd Northern Blvd

Northern Blvd

35th Ave

34th Ave

37th Ave

72nd St

90th St

87th St

84th St

Roosevelt Ave

93rd St

90th St

84th St

37th Ave

Ave

34th Ave

34th

93rd St

90th St

87th St

84th St

34th Ave

Roosevelt Ave

GROUP 4 269

PROGRAMMED SITE PLAN 89TH STREET - 94TH STREET

89TH STREET

90TH STREET

89TH - 90TH STREET PLAN “QUIET LOUNGE PARK”

270

91ST STREET

92ND STREET

93RD STREET

94TH STREET

90TH - 91ST STREET PLAN “SCULPTURE/YOGA PARK”

271

91ST - 92ND STREET PLAN “MARKET SPACE (SIDE A)”

272

92ND - 93RD STREET PLAN “MARKET SPACE (SIDE B)”

273

93RD - 94TH STREET PLAN “PLAYGROUND PARK”

274

94TH STREET - JUNCTION BLVD PLAN

“AMPHITHEATER/GREEN PARK”

275

34th AVENUE SITE DIAGRAMS

PROPOSED CROSS STREETS

PROPOSED POINT ELEVATIONS

PROPOSED FIRELANE 276

277

STREET UNDERPASS PLAN

278

279

PARK OVERPASS PLAN

280

281

-A SECTION A SECTION TAKEN THROUGH THE STREET UNDERPASS

282

283

-B SECTION B SECTION TAKEN THROUGH THE STREET OVERPASS

284

285

AMPHITHEATER/MARKET SPACE SECTION TAKEN THROUGH THE CONC. AMPHITHEATER/MARKET SPACE

286

287

89TH STREET BUILDING

THE 89TH STREET BUILDING IS LOCATED AT 89-07/11 34TH AVENUE JACKSON HEIGHTS, QUEENS. AT SIX STORIES AND 133 UNITS, ABOUT 500 NEW YORKERS RESIDED IN THIS BUILDING. BUILT IN 1930, THE LOT SIZE IS JUST OVER HALF AND ACRE WITH THE LAND SQUARE FOOTAGE OF 23000 (200 X 115). IT IS IN A BUILDING CLASS D1, ZONING CODE 27-1 AND ITS CURRENT OWNER IS KEDEX PROPERTIES LLC.

288

89TH STREET BUILDING

ON APRIL 6 2021 AN EIGHT-ALARM FIRE TORE THROUGH THIS BUILDING 16 FIREFIGHTERS AND FIVE CIVILIANS SUFFERED NON-LIFE THREATENING INJURIES. THE FIRE BROKE OUT ON THE SIXTH FLOOR AND TOOK TWELVE HOURS TO PUT OUT. THE ESTIMATED 500 RESIDENTS WERE DISPLACED. THE CAUSE WAS AN OVERLOADED POWER STRIP ALONG WITH THE RESIDENT LEAVING THE DOOR OPEN ALLOWING FLAMES TO SPREAD INTO THE HALLWAYS OF THE TOP FLOOR . THE ENTIRE TOP FLOOR INCLUDING CEILING AND ROOF WERE DESTORYED.

289

89TH STREET BUILDING PROPOSAL ALONG WITH OUR STREET DESIGN WE’VE DECIDED TO ALSO REMODEL THIS 89TH STREET BUILDING . WHILE KEEPING THE FACADE OF THE ORIGINAL BUILDING, WE WANT TO MODERNIZE IT AS WELL AS PROVIDE BENEFICIAL USE FOR THE PAST TENANTS THAT WILL BE COMING BACK

290

89TH STREET BUILDING

291

GROUP MDL Marina Iodice Chapters 5&6

Daniella Vlakancic Chapters 5&6

Lianna Moze

Chapters 5&6

294

GROUP CPR Patrick Cohen Chapters 2&7

Sebastian Paredes

Chapters 2&7

Sam Rivera

Chapters 2&7

295

GROUP TINY PARKS Jennifer Buckley Chapters 3&8

Doron Karimzadeh Chapters 3&8

Sarah Shamalov Chapters 3&8

296

GROUP 4 Francesco Mannino Chapters 4&9

Jennifer Caceres Chapters 4&9

Angelo Collura Chapters 4&9

297

Opportunity in the Community: A Study on Jackson Heights Public Space

Articles inside

CH 5 Open Street/Stakeholders

CH 1 Introduction