DERBYLIUS Bollettino n.4 - From Concept to Image 1960-1970

Page 1

*HYSH 9VUJH[V +LYI`SP\Z 3PIYLYPH .HSSLYPH K»HY[L ¶ =PH 7 *\Z[VKP ¶ 4PSHUV ;LS ¶ +(33»044(.05, (3 *65*,;;6

-964 *65*,7; ;6 04(., )VSSL[[PUV K»PUMVYTHaPVUL 5 ¶ UV]LTIYL


F(H =] 0U[LY TLKPH /LPKLSILYN THP Q\UP º 0UMVYTH[PVU! (R[PVULU /HWWLUPUN -PST L_W T\ZPR HR[PVUZ[OLH[LY (\Z[LSS\UN! VIQLR[L LU]PYVTLU[Z /LPKLSILYN =LYSHN ,KP[PVU ;HUNLU[L *T _ WW JVTWSL[HTLU[L PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV[VNYHÄL PU I U ZPH KLNSP HY[PZ[P JOL KLNSP L]LU[P L KLSSL VWLYL IY ÄN\YH[H KH MV[VNYHÄH PU I U HUJOL HS YL[YV ;YH NSP HY[PZ[P ZLNUHSPHTV SH WYLZLUaH KLS .Y\WWV (NLU[aPH )VY` .LYa 4VOY (UKLYZLU )L\`Z *OYPZ[V +PI IL[Z -PSSPV\ /PNNPUZ 2UPaHR 7PZ[VSL[[V 9V[ :WH[VSH <LJRLY =H\[PLY Á F(H =] 3H WLYMVYTHUJL VNNP :L[[PTHUH PU[LYUHaPVUHSL KLSSH WLYMVYTHUJL *H[HSVNV KLSSH TVZ[YH PU )VSVNUH HSSH .HSSLYPH 5HaPVUHSL K»HY[L 4VKLYUH 7VSSLUaH 3H U\V]H MVNSPV 0 X\HKLYUP KLSSH ZWLYPTLU[HaPVUL U *T _ WW JVU YPWYVK\aPVUP MV[VNYHÄJOL U [ IY WLYMVYTHUJLZ Z\KKP]PZL PU \UH ZL[[PTHUH KP L]LU[P KP]PZP PU ZLaPVUP! PS JVYWV P ZLUZP PWLY LZ[LZPH SH T\ZPJH SH WHYVSH SH YPJLYJH KLSS»PKLU[P[n SH YPJLYJH Z\S ZVJPHSL 0TWVY[HU[P WYLZLUaL KP HY[PZ[P JVUJL[[\HSP [YH P X\HSP! (IYHTV]PJ (JJVUJP 3VYH ;V[PUV -HIPV 4H\YP 6U[HUP 7HJ\Z 7PZHUP =HJJHYP Á F(H =] 4HSLU ZJOYLPILU THSLU +PWPUNLYL ZJYP]LYL KPWPUNLYL *H[HSVNV TVZ[YH (S MHUV )LU )L\`Z )SHUR *H]LSSPUP +HYIV]LU 2V\ULSSPZ 3HRULY 3L]LYL[[ 5VLS 6WHSRH 9 OT ;^VTIS` <LJRLY =LUL[ >LSJO +\ZZLSKVYM .HSLYPL +LUPZL 9LUt /HUZ 4H`LY Z K *T _ WW JVU YPWYVK\aPVUP H WPLUH WHNPUH Z\SSL YLZ[HU[P WHNPUL PU JHY[H KH S\JPKV ZVUV Z[HTWH[L SL KPKHZJHSPL IY Á F(.5,;;0 =PUJLUaV ;LZP *YPZP KLS SPUN\HNNPV PYVUPH L JVU[HTPUHaPVUL KLP ZPNUPÄJHU[P WLY KLU\UJPHYL S»HI\ZV KLS WV[LYL Z\SSL WHYVSL 4PSHUV 7YLHYV ,KP[VYL *T _ WW JVU SH YPWYVK\aPVUL PU JHY[H KP \U»VWLYH WLYT\[HIPSL IY ,KPaPVUL KLSSL WYPTL JVWPL JVYYLKH[H KP \U T\S[PWSV WLYT\[HIPSL VYPNPUHSL KLSS»HY[PZ[H PU WSHZ[PJH ULYH ÄYTH[V HS YL[YV 0S T\S[PWSV L PS SPIYV ZVUV JVU[LU\[P PU \UH ZJH[VSH LKP[VYPHSL PU [LSH ULYH Á F(.5,;;0 =PUJLUaV *H[HSVNV TVZ[YH 4PSHUV 7HKPNSPVUL K»HY[L *VU[LTWVYHULH *T _ WW JVU PSS PU I U L H JVSS U [ IY ;LZ[V PU SPUN\H P[HSPHUH L PUNSLZL Á

F (NUL[[P (76336506 <TIYV *(9(4,3 3\JPHUV -(.0636 4H\YPaPV +PKH[[PJH 3\PNP =LYVULZP =PUJLUaV (NUL[[P 1HTLZ *VSLTHU .PHUUP *VSVTIV .P\SPV 7HVSPUP 3\JH 7H[LSSH .\PKV :[YHaaH 1VYYP[ ;VYUX\PZ[ .P\ZLWWL <UJPUP 4VKPNSPHUH -VYSy ,U[L ¸7YLTPV :PS]LZ[YV 3LNH¹ *T _ WW JVTWSL[HTLU[L PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV[VNYHÄL PU I U IY ÄN\YH[H 0TWHNPUHaPVUL L JVWLY[PUH H J\YH KP 3\PNP =LYVULZP Á F (NUL[[P *90:763;0 - * JVVYKPUHTLU[V KP =PKLVILSPZJV (Y[ =PKLV 9LJVYKPUN =PKLV 3P IYV 5 0TWYV]]PZHaPVUP Z\ =PKLVUHZ[YV =73 0* =PKLVYLNPZ[YH[VYL 3+3 ;LSLJHTLYH TPUP JVTWHJ[ (ZZPZ[LUaH ;LJUPJH 7OPSPWZ 4H[LYPHSP MVYUP[P KHSSH +P[[H AHUL[[P 9VTH .HSSLYPH KLSS»6ILSPZJV *T _ WW JVU MV[VNYHÄL PU I U IY *VU[PLUL \U ¸4PUPSLZZPJV¹


L \UH IPISPVNYHร H TPUPTH \U MVNSPV KP LYYH[H JVYYPNL PU JHY[H ]LSPUH NPHSSH =PKLVILSPZJV YHJJVNSPL SL YPJLYJOL ULS JHTWV KLSSH ]PKLVYLNPZ[YHaPVUL KH WHY[L KP KP]LYZP HY[PZ[P 7YLZLU[P =PUJLUaV (NUL[[P L .PHUUP *VSVTIV 7HUZLJH 7H[LSSH =HSLU[PUP ร F (UZLSTV (44(5 1LHU *OYPZ[VWOL .PV]HUUP (UZLSTV 3\aLYU 2\UZ[T\ZL\T *T _ WW JVU MV[VNYHร L PU I U KVWWPL H WPLUH WHNPUH KLSSL [YL PZ[HSSHaPVUP! ยธPU]PZP IPSLยน ยธPUร UP[Vยน ยธ[\[[Vยน IY *H[HSVNV PU JVSSHIVYHaPVUL JVU .PHU ,UaV :WLYVUL KP ;VYPUV PU JVWPL ร F (Y[L WV]LYH )(90330 9LUH[V ยถ 46::6 3LVUHYKV +HSSยปVWLYH HS JVPU]VSNPTLU[V 3ยปVWLYH! ZPTIVSP L PTTHNPUP 3H SPULH HUHSP[PJH ;VYPUV .HSSLYPH *P]PJH Kยป(Y[L 4VKLYUH *T _ WW JVU U\TLYVZL YPWYVK\aPVUP MV[VNYHร JOL PU I U U [ IY ร N H JVSS 0TWVY[HU[L JH[HSVNV [YH NSP HY[PZ[P WYLZLU[P ZLNUHSPHTV! 4H\YP 4HUaVUP 7HVSPUP 3V :H]PV :JOPMHUV -LZ[H 2V\ULSSPZ 4LYa .PSHYKP (NUL[[P 6U[HUP *OPHYP L 4\SHZ ร F (Y[L WV]LYH *,3(5; .LYTHUV )(;;0:;0 ,\NLUPV 4\ZLV ZWLYPTLU[HSL KยปHY[L JVU[LT WVYHULH ;VYPUV .HSSLYPH *P]PJH KยปHY[L TVKLYUH *T _ WW JVTWSL[HTLU[L PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV[VNYHร L PU I U ILSSH JVWLY[PUH PU JHY[H MVY[L JVU PTTHNPUP NLVTL[YPJOL PU I U L KPZJV KยปHYNLU[V HWWSPJH[V WYVNL[[H[H KH ( . -YVUaVUP 0TWVY[HU[L TVZ[YH J\YH[H KH *LSHU[ JOL ZJYP]L PS [LZ[V ยธ:P[\HaPVUL ยน JOL ]LKL SH WHY[LJPWHaPVUL [YH NSP HS[YP KP! (UNLSP )HY\JOLSSV )VL[[P *HZ[LSSHUP *LYVSP +HKHTHPUV -HIYV -VU[HUH .Y\WWV 4PK .Y\WWV ; 0JHYV 2V\ULSSPZ 3H 7PL[YH 3V :H]PV 4HUaVUP 4HYP 4H\YP 4LYa 4\UHYP 7HVSPUP 7HZJHSP 7PHJLU[PUP 7PZ[VSL[[V :JOLNNP :JOPMHUV :PTVUL[[P ร F (Y[L WV]LYH (H =] *HY[HIPHUJH (UUV U THYaV 9VTH (SILY[V )VH[[V KPYL[ [VYL *T _ WW JVU TVS[L MV[VNYHร L PU I U IY ร N\YH[H JVU ILSSH PTWHNPUHaPVUL [PWVNYHร JH ;LZ[P KP 4LUUH -HNPVSV )VUP[V 6SP]H )VH[[V ;YPUP *LSHU[ 0TWVY[HU[L U\TLYV JOL [YHJJPH \UH WHUVYHUPJH Z\NSP HY[PZ[P KLSSL U\V]L [LUKLUaL ULS [YH P X\HSP 2V\ULSSPZ 7HZJHSP *HSaVSHYP *VSVTIV 7PZ[VSL[[V *LYVSP :JOPMHUV ร F )HQ 4<3(: <NV ,UYPJV )HQ ,YTHUUV )LZVaaP 0UZL )VUZ[YH[ )Y\UV 4VSSP ยธ:,.5(3,;0 *( 690AA65;(3,ยน -V[VNYHร H ]PU[HNL *VTV <NV 4\SHZ *T _ ZJH[[V YLHSPaaH[V WLY SH THUPMLZ[HaPVUL ยธ*HTWV \YIHUVยน PU[LY]LU[P LZ[L[PJP ULSSH KPTLUZPVUL JVSSL[[P]H \YIHUH H *VTV ZL[[LTIYL (S YL[YV KLSSH MV[VNYHร H ZJYP[[L H WLUUHYLSSV JVU KLZJYPaPVUL KLSSH MV[VNYHร H U\TLYV H TH[P[H L [PTIYV H ZLJJV :[\KPV 4\SHZ -V[VNYHร H PU]PH[H ULNSP HUUP ยบ H JYP[PJV KยปHY[L WLY YLJLUZPVUL ร

F )LYHYKPUVUL 4<3(: <NV =HSLU[PUH )LYHYKPUVUL ยธ=0;;690(ยน (U[PTVU\TLU[V -V[VNYHร H ]PU[HNL *VTV <NV 4\SHZ *T _ ZJH[[V YLHSPaaH[V WLY SH THUPMLZ[HaPVUL ยธ*HTWV \YIHUVยน PU[LY]LU[P LZ[L[PJP ULSSH KPTLUZPVUL JVSSL[[P]H \YIHUH H *VTV ZL[[LTIYL (S YL[YV KLSSH MV[VNYHร H ZJYP[[L H WLUUHYLSSV JVU KLZJYPaPVUL KLSSH MV[VNYHร H U\TLYV H TH[P[H .( L [PTIYV H ZLJJV :[\KPV 4\SHZ -V[VNYHร H PU]PH[H ULNSP HUUP ยบ H JYP[PJV KยปHY[L WLY YLJLUZPVUL ร


F)6,;;0 (SPNOPLYV ,Z[YH[[V KHS KPHYPV Kยป(SPNOPLYV )VL[[P ;VYPUV 4PSHUV :WLYVUL +L 5PL\ IV\YN NHSSLYPH KP YPJLYJH Z K TH *T _ MVNSP JPJSVZ[PSH[P WPUaH[P PUZPLTL JOL JVZ[P [\PZJVUV \UH WHY[L KLS JVT\UPJH[V Z[HTWH \U LZ[YH[[V KHS ยธKPHYPV Kยป(SPNOPLYV )VL[[Pยน UH[V H ;VYPUV PS (S YL[YV KLSSยป\S[PTV MVNSPV P K\L [PTIYP KLSSH NHSSLYPH :WLYVUL KP ;VYPUV L KLSSH NHSSLYPH +L 5PL\IV\YN KP 4PSHUV 0TWVY[HU[L KVJ\TLU[V Z[VYPJV ร F )VL[[P ;9050 ;VTTHZV 3H YHNPVUL]VSL ร UL KLSSยปPUU\TLYL]VSL +YHNV ;VYPUV 4PSHUV :WLYVUL +L 5PL\IV\YN NHSSLYPH KP YPJLYJH Z K TH *T _ MVNSP JPJSVZ[PSH[P WPUaH[P PUZPLTL JOL JVZ[P[\PZJVUV PS JVT\UPJH[V Z[HTWH KLSSH TVZ[YH KP )VL[[P HS YL[YV KLSSยป\S[PTV MVNSPV P K\L [PTIYP KLSSH NHSSLYPH :WLYVUL KP ;VYPUV L KLSSH NHSSLYPH +L 5PL\IV\YN KP 4PSHUV 0TWVY[HU[L KVJ\ TLU[V Z[VYPJV ร F )VUMn ;9050 ;VTTHZV *HYSV )VUMn ,KPaPVUP . - = -V[V 4H\YPaPV )YLUaVUP ;PWVNYHร H *VUKVY 8\HKLYUV U UV]LTIYL =LYVUH .HSSLYPH -LYYHYP *T _ WW JVU MV[VNYHร L PU I U HSJ\UL H WPLUH WHNPUH KLSSH Z\H WLYMVYTHUJL L YLSH[P]H PZ[HSSHaPVUL IY 0S [LZ[V KP ;YPUP PU WHY[L u Z[H[V JVTWPSH[V PU VJJHZPVUL KLS JVU]LNUV ยธHY[L WV]LYH HaPVUP WV]LYLยน KP (THSร ULSSยปV[[VIYL KLSSV Z[LZZV HUUV KV]L WHY[LJPWH]H HUJOL *HYSV )VUMn (SSLNH[V HS JH[H SVNV MV[VNYHร L VYPNPUHSP ]PU[HNL KLSSL X\HSP \[PSPaaH[L WLY PS JH[HSVNV ร F)650;6 630=( (JOPSSL =P[HSP[n KLS ULNH[P]V ULSSยปHY[L P[HSPHUH 9VTH 7HSHaaV KLSSL ,ZWVZPaPVUP *T _ WW JVTWSL[HTLU[L PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV[VNYHร L PU I U SLNH[\YH LKP[ JHY[VUH[H HYNLU[H[H JVU KVYZV PU [LSH ULYV JVU[LU\[H PU K\L TLaaP JVMHUL[[P PU JHY[VUJPUV ULYV ,KPaPVUL KP S\ZZV KLS JH[HSVNV KP X\LZ[H ILSSH TVZ[YH JOL ]LKL SH WHY[LJPWHaPVUL [YH NSP HS[YP KP! (NUL[[P (UZLSTV )VL[[P )VUHS\TP *HZ[LSSHUP -HIYV -LZ[H 2V\ULSSPZ 3V :H]PV 4HUaVUP 4H[[PHJJP 4H\YP 4LYa 4VJOL[[P 7HVSPUP 7HZJHSP 7PZHUP 7PZ[VSL[[V :JOPMHUV AVYPV ร F )VYPHUP 4<3(: <NV ,KPSPV (SWPUP +H]PKL )VYPHUP .PHUUP *VSVTIV .HIYPLSL +L =LJJOP ยธ;,476 30),96ยน Z[Y\[[\YH [LTWVYHSL PU \UV ZWHaPV \YIHUV -V[VNYHร H ]PU[HNL *VTV <NV 4\SHZ *T _ ZJH[[V YLHSPaaH[V WLY SH THUPMLZ[HaPVUL ยธ*HTWV \YIHUVยน PU[LY]LU[P LZ[L[PJP ULSSH KPTLUZPVUL JVSSL[[P]H \YIHUH H *VTV ZL[[LTIYL (S YL[YV KLSSH MV[VNYHร H ZJYP[[L H WLUUHYLSSV JVU KLZJYPaPVUL KLSSH MV[VNYHร H U\TLYV H TH[P[H L [PTIYV H ZLJJV :[\KPV 4\SHZ -V[VNYHร H PU]PH[H ULNSP HUUP ยบ H JYP[PJV KยปHY[L WLY YLJLUZPVUL ร

F *HZ[LSSHUP +69-3,: .PSSV *HZ[LSSHUP 4PSHUV .HSSLYPH KLSSยป(YPL[L *T _ WW H X\HY[PUP ZJPVS[P JVU PSS PU I U M [ IY ร F *LYVSP )<::4(55 . *LYVSP -YHURM\Y[LY 2\UZ[]LYLPU *T _ WW JVU \UH MV[VNYHร H KLSSยปHY[PZ[H L YPWYVK\aPVUP MV[VNYHร JOL PU I U IY ;YH NSP H\[VYP KLSSL MV[VNYHร L ZLNUHSPHTV <NV 4\SHZ ร


F *OPHYP 4<3(: <NV .P\ZLWWL *OPHYP -YHUJH :HJJOP :<65(56 3( *0;;(ยป -V[VNYHร H VYPNPUHSL ]PU[HNL *VTV <NV 4\SHZ *T _ ZJH[[V YLHSPaaH[V WLY SH THUPMLZ[HaPVUL ยธ*HTWV \YIHUVยน PU[LY]LU[P LZ[L[PJP ULSSH KPTLUZPVUL JVSSL[[P]H \YIHUH H *VTV ZL[[LTIYL (S YL[YV KLSSH MV[VNYHร H ZJYP[[L H WLUUHYLSSV JVU KLZJYPaPVUL KLSSH MV[VNYHร H U\TLYV H TH[P[H L [PTIYV H ZLJJV :[\KPV 4\SHZ -V[VNYHร H PU]PH[H ULNSP HUUP ยบ H JYP[PJV KยปHY[L WLY YLJLU ZPVUL ร F*3,4,5;, +LWSPHU[ TVZ[YH 4PSHUV .HSSLYPH KยปHY[L 0S 5H]PNSPV *T _ WSHX\L[[L KP WHNPUL JVU \UH MV[VNYHร H KLSSยปHY[PZ[H ULS Z\V Z[\KPV SH YPWYVK\aPVUL KP \U KH[[PSVZJYP[[V PU ]PH[V H *HYKHaaV! ยธ*HYV *HYKHaaV [YH PS 5H[HSL L SL ]HYPL VJJ\WHaPVUP \Mร JPHSP KLP JYP[PJP UVU H]Y~ JVTL HS ZVSP[V WLY X\LZ[H TPH U\V]H TVZ[YH HS 5H]PNSPV \U [LZ[V KP \U JYP[PJV P[HSPHUV 3L ZHYLP TVS[V NYH[V ZL SLP Z[HTWHZZL X\LZ[H WHNPUH L UVU SH N\HYKP SH WYLNV JVTL ยธ7VuTL ]PZ\LSยน TH JVTL ZLNUV KP WYV[LZ[H :\V *SLTLU[Lยน MV[VNYHร L PU I U KLSSL VWLYL LZWVZ[L *H[HSVNV KLSSH H TVZ[YH KLS 5H]PNSPV KHSSยป HS NLUUHPV ร F *VSSPUH 4<3(: <NV ,UYPJV *VSSPUH .P\SPHUV *VSSPUH +H]PKL :WYLUNLS .PHJVTV =LYP (Y UHSKV AHUMYPUP ยธ03 )0(5*6 565 ,ยป <5 *6369,ยน -V[VNYHร H ]PU[HNL *VTV <NV 4\SHZ *T _ ZJH[[V YLHSPaaH[V WLY SH THUPMLZ[HaPVUL ยธ*HTWV \YIHUVยน PU[LY]LU[P LZ[L[PJP ULSSH KPTLUZPVUL JVSSL[[P]H \YIHUH H *VTV ZL[[LTIYL (S YL[YV KLSSH MV[VNYHร H ZJYP[[L H WLU UHYLSSV JVU KLZJYPaPVUL KLSSH MV[VNYHร H U\TLYV H TH[P[H L [PTIYV H ZLJJV :[\KPV 4\SHZ -V[VNYHร H PU]PH[H ULNSP HUUP ยบ H JYP[PJV KยปHY[L WLY YLJLUZPVUL ร F *VUJL[[\HSL (H =] 6[[H]H IPLUUHSL KยปHY[L JVU[LTWVYHULH (S KP Sn KLSSH WP[[\YH :HU )LULKL[[V KLS ;YVU[V ,KPaPVUP *LU[V +P *T _ WW JVU TVS[L MV [VNYHร L PU I U IY ;YH NSP HY[PZ[P WYLZLU[P ZLNUHSPHTV (SMHUV (S]PHUP *HSaVSHYP *LYVSP *VU[LUV[[L +L =LJJOP 2V\ULSSPZ 3H 7PL[YH 4HYV[[H 4LYa 4VUKPUV 5HUUP 5HUU\JJP 7HUZLJH 7H[LSSH 7PYLSSP 7PZHUP 4H[[PHJJP 5LZWVSV )HY\JOLSSV 3LVUHYKP ;\YP 4\UHYP 7PJJHYKV (KYPHU (YTHU )L\`Z )PSS *HYTP *VSVTIV *VZ[HSVUNH +LS 7LaaV +PZ[LS +\HY[L .LYZ[ULY .SH[[MLSKLY 4HYP 4H\YP 4LYNLY[ 7HVSVaaP 9PZ :JOLNNP :JOย MMLY :TP[O :V[V =HZHYLS` =PUJP )VN\ZSH^ *OPHYP .LSTL[[P .YVZZP ร

F *VUJL[[\HSL 4033,; *H[OLYPUL [LZ[V KP (Y[L JVUJL[[\HSL 4PSHUV +HUPLS ;LTWSVU *T _ WW JVU MV[V L [H]] PU I U IY 6WLYL L IYHUP KP ([RPUZVU )HPUIYPKNL )HSK^PU /\YYLSS )\YNPU )\YU 2VZ\[O 9HTZKLU =LUL[ ร F *VUJL[[\HSL -0:*/,9 2VUYHK /(9;,5 1\YNLU :;9,36> /HUZ 7YVZWLJ[ 7YV QLJ[PVU +\ZZLSKVYM (Y[ 7YLZZ =LYSHN *T _ WW JVTWSL[HTLU[L PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV[VNYHร L PU I U IY KP JVSVYL ULYV M\Z[LSSH[H )LS JH[HSVNV MV[VNYHร JV KV]L ZVUV WYLZLU[P [YH NSP HS[YP! (JJVUJP )HSKLZZHYP )L\`Z )YV\^U +L +VTPUPJPZ 4LYa 2YP^L[ JVU[PLUL \U WPJJVSV THUPMLZ[V /VWWLUOLPT :HS]V :LYYH <LJRLY =VZ[LSS >LPULY ร


F *VYULSS 46;/,9>,33 9VILY[ 4,2(: 1VUHZ 1VZLWO *VYULSS )V_LZ -PST 9VTH .HS SLYPH S»([[PJV *T _ WW JVU HWLY[\YH H ÄZHYTVUPJH Z[HTWH[V KH HTIV P SH[P PU JHY[H WLZHU[L SL [YL WHNPUL JOL JVU[LUNV SL MV[VNYHÄL ZVUV [PWVNYHÄJHTLU[L WP JVY[L L YP[HNSPH[L ILSSH PTWHNPUHaPVUL Á F +L +VTPUPJPZ *(;;(5,6 ,UYPJV +L +VTPUPJPZ -V[VNYHÄH ]PU[HNL KP ,UYPJV *H[[HULV 4P SHUV *H[[HULV *T _ ILSSH MV[VNYHÄH KLSSH Z[VYPJH TVZ[YH KP +L +VTPUPJPZ HSSH .HS SLYPH ;VZLSSP ULS (S YL[YV [PTIYV H ZLJJV L ÄYTH H TH[P[H KP ,UYPJV *H[[HULV Á F+0(: (U[VUPV :VTL (Y[PZ[Z +V :VTL 5V[ )YLZJPH ,KPaPVUP 5\V]P :[Y\TLU[P *T _ WW SPIYV K»HY[PZ[H YLHSPaaH[V MV[VNYHÄJHTLU[L JVU HSJ\UL WHNPUL JVU KPZLNUP HS [YH[[V IY JVU MV[VNYHÄH PU I U HUJOL HS YL[YV ,KPaPVUL PU JVWPL Á F+<*/(47 4(5 9(@ ¶ :*/>(9A (Y[\YV 0S YLHSL HZZVS\[V 0SS\Z[YH[V KH 4HYJLS +\JOHTW L 4HU 9H` 4PSHUV .HSSLYPH :JO^HYa *T _ WW JVU [H]VSL PU I U SLNH[\YH LKP[ PU JHY[H MVY[L ÄN\YH[H KH JLY[PÄJH[V KP +\JOHTW +LKPJH H\[VNYHMH KP :JO^HYa HSSH WYPTH WH NPUH IPHUJH H UV[V JYP[PJV K»HY[L Z]PaaLYV Á F+<*/(47 ¸0S YLHSL HZZVS\[V¹ SP[VNYHÄH VYPNPUHSL H K\L JVSVYP *T _ ÄYTH[H H TH[P[H PU IHZZV H KLZ[YH 7YV]H K»HY[PZ[H ZPNSH[H L H Á

F -HIYV (H =] 3\JPHUV -HIYV ;VYPUV .HSSLYPH 5V[PaPL *T _ WW YPWPLNH[L JVU YPWYVK\aPVUP MV[VNYHÄJOL PU I U IY JVU HWLY[\YH H ÄZHYTVUPJH Á F-,99(90 =PUJLUaV 7YVNL[[V WLY \UH JVZJPLUaH IHUHSL 4PSHUV ,KPaPVUL H J\YH KP .PVYNPV 3\JPUP *T _ WW IYVZZ\YH [PYH[\YH UVU KPJOPHYH[H Á F-,99(90 =PUJLUaV 0S KP]LY[PTLU[V PU[LSSL[[\HSL KLSS»PUÄUP[V 4PSHUV 4LYJH[V KLS ZHSL *T _ MVNSP ZJPVS[P VNUP MVNSPV KP [PWVSVNPH L WLZV KP]LYZV! JHY[VUJPUV JVSVYH[V JHY[H KH WHJJV JHY[H ]LSPUH JHY[H WSHZ[PÄJH[H" PU VNUP MVNSPV \U PU[LY]LU[V VYPNPUHSL KLSS»HY[PZ[H JVU [LJUPJOL KP]LYZL IY\JPH[\YH M\Z[LSSH[\YH JVSSHNL Z[HTWH [PWVNYHÄJH ZJYP[[L H THUV [LTWLYH 3»LKPaPVUL u JVU[LU\[H PU \UH JHY[LSSH LKP[VYPH SL KP JVSVYL ULYV JVU [P[VSV PU IPHUJV S»PU[LYUV u HYHUJPVUL L YPWVY[H HSSH ZLJVUKH KP JVWLY[PUH SH ÄYTH H\[VNYHMH KLSS»HY[PZ[H X\LZ[V LZLTWSHYL WVY[H PS U Á F-,99(90 =PUJLUaV ¸1»LU ZLYH` OVYZ 4PSHUV ,KPaPVUL H J\YH KP .PVYNPV 3\JPUP *T _ MVNSP PU JHY[VUJPUV Z[HTWH[V VNU\UV JVU \U PU[LY]LU[V KP]LYZV KLSS»HY[PZ[H JVU[LU\[P PU JHY[LSSH LKP[VYPHSL ÄN\YH[H ,KPaPVUL PU JVWPL LZLTWSHYL U Á


F -VU[HUH (H =] 3\JPV -VU[HUH ;VYPUV .HSSLYPH K»HY[L TVKLYUH 0S 7\U[V *T _ WW JVU [H]] MV[VNYHÄJOL PU I U L [H]] H JVSS IY Á F -VU[HUH =,9.05, 3LH 3\JPV -VU[HUH 5HWVSP .HSSLYPH 0S *LU[YV *T _ WW JVU \U YP[YH[[V L [H]] PU I U IY *H[HSVNV KLSSH TVZ[YH [LU\[H KHS HS NLUUHPV Á F.<,9A650 -YHUJV (MMYLZJOP *VU \U [LZ[V KP -YHUJV =HJJHYP ;VYPUV ,KPaPVUP .LPNLY : *T _ WW JVU PS [LZ[V KP =HJJHYP Z\ \UH WHNPUH KVWWPH YPWPLNH[H MV[VNYHÄL \N\HSP JVU PU[LY]LU[P KP]LYZP L \UH WHNPUH KP JHY[H ]LSPUH Z[HTWH[H IY 3PIYV K»HY[PZ[H PU JVWPL Á F/695 9LILJJH +PHSVNV KLSSH ]LKV]H WHYHKPZPHJH .LUV]H :HTHULKPaPVUP *T _ WW IYVZZ\YH [PYH[\YH LZLTWSHYP Á

F 2SLPU 9,:;(5@ 7PLYYL @]LZ 2SLPU 5L^ @VYR 7HYPZ .LUu]L .HSLYPL (SL_HUKYL 0VSHZ *T _ WW JVU \UH MV[VNYHÄH KLS»HY[PZ[H L MV[VYHÄL PU I U " JVU[PLUL \U [LZ[V ZJYP[[V KH @]LZ 2SLPU H 5L^ @VYR ULS \UH IPVNYHÄH JVTWSL[H JVU SH KP]PZPVUL KLP Z\VP JPJSP KP SH]VYV L Z\ WHNPUL Z[HJJH[L KHS JH[HSVNV L Z[HTWH[L Z\ JHY[H JVSVYH[H KP WLZV WP SLNNLYV PS [LZ[V KP 7PLYYL 9LZ[HU` L Z\ \U HS[YV X\HY[PUV ZJPVS[V S»LSLUJV KLSSL VWLYL LZWVZ[L SLNH[\YH LKP[ PU JHY[H MVY[L 7YPTH TVZ[YH WVZ[\TH KLKPJH[H HSS»HY[PZ[H TVY[V WLY JYPZP JHYKPHJH ULS H ZVSP HUUP Á F 2SLPU 9,:;(5@ 7PLYYL @]LZ 2SLPU 3L TVUVJOYVTL 0S U\V]V YLHSPZTV KLS JVSVYL 4PSHUV ,KPaPVUP .HSSLYPH (WVSSPUHPYL UV]LTIYL *T _ WW JVU \UH UV[H KP .\PKV 3L 5VJP K\L MV[VNYHÄL KLSS»HY[PZ[H \UH [H]VSH H JVSVYP IS\ L [H]VSL PU I U IY JVU ILSSH NYHÄJH H SL[[LYL NYHUKP L WPJJVSL Z[HTWH[L JVU PS ¸IS\ 2SLPU¹ :LJVUKH TVZ[YH HSSH NHSSLYPH (WVSSPUHPYL ZL[[L TLZP WYPTH KLSSH Z\H WYLTH[\YH ZJVTWHYZH Á F 2SLPU :(5.<05,;0 ,KVHYKV @]LZ 2SLPU 4PSHUV 3\JPHUV (UZLSTPUV *T _ WW JVU WHNPUL KP JVSVYP KP]LYZL Z[HTWH[L HS ZVSV YLJ[V JVU KLZJYPaPVUL H SH[V IY JVU JVWLY[PUH ¸IS\ 2SLPU¹ *H[HSVNV Z[HTWH[V PU JVWPL Á F 2SLPU >,4),9 7H\S @]LZ 2SLPU 3L TVUVJOYVTL (Y[PJVSV KP WHNPUL JVU \U MV[VTVU [HNNPV KLSS»HY[PZ[H L MV[VNYHÄL PU I U L H JVSVYP 3\NHUV (Y[ 0U[LYUH[PVUHS =VS\TL = THYaV *T _ WW [\[[V PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV[VNYHÄL PU I U L H JVSVYP IY ÄN\YH[H Á F3( 70,;9( <NV -,99(90 =PUJLUaV 0570<» 0U[LY]LU[P L HUHSPZP KLSS»HTIPLU[L L KLS ZP Z[LTH J\S[\YHSL (UUV U 3»\ZV KLSS»VNNL[[V 7LY \U JVTWVY[HTLU[V JYLH[P]V ULP WYVJLZZP KP YPHWWYVWYPHaPVUL KLSS»HTIPLU[L 5\TLYV TVUVNYHÄJV 4PSHUV <NV 3H 7PL[YH ,KP[VYL *T _ WW JVTWSL[HTLU[L PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV[VNYHÄL PU I U IY JVU MV[VNYHÄH PU I U HUJOL HS YL[YV *VU[PLUL KP <NV 3H 7PL[YH PS [LZ[V ¸3»\ZV KLSS»VNNL[[V¹ L WHY[L KLSS»PUKHNPUL ¸0S KLZPKLYPV


KLSS»VNNL[[V¹ ZJOLKL JVU KH[P L MV[VNYHÄH KLSS»PU[LY]PZ[H[V L SL YPZWVZ[L JVU MV[VNYHÄL L ZJYP[[P HSSH KVTHUKH! ¸8\HS u S»VNNL[[V V NSP VNNL[[P JOL ]VYYLZ[L H]LYL ULSSH ]VZ[YH JHZH& :JYP[[V KP (STLYPJV +L (UNLSPZ L KLS .Y\WWV 95- :HSVJJOP -LYYHYP *HYYLNH 0U \S[PTH WHNPUH KLS ]VS\TL MV[VNYHÄH PU I U KLS KLS .Y\WWV .SVIHS ;VVSZ Á

F3( 70,;9( <NV -,99(90 =PUJLUaV 0570<» 0U[LY]LU[P L HUHSPZP KLSS»HTIPLU[L L KLS ZP Z[LTH J\S[\YHSL (UUV U 7LY \U JVTWVY[HTLU[V JYLH[P]V ULP WYVJLZZP KP YPHWWYVWYPHaPVUL KLSS»HTIPLU[L 5\TLYV TVUVNYHÄJV 4PSHUV 1HIPR ,KP[VYP KPJLTIYL NLUUHPV *T _ WW JVTWSL[HTLU[L PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV[VNYHÄL PU I U IY PSS\Z[YH[H JVU MV[VTVU [HNNPV PU I U HUJOL HS YL[YV *VU[PLUL KP <NV 3H 7PL[YH L =PUJLUaV -LYYHYP SV ZJYP[[V ¸7LY SH KL JVKPÄJHaPVUL KLSS»HTIPLU[L \YIHUV¹ JVU ZJOLKL WLY S»PUKHNPUL ¸3»\ZV KLSSH JP[[n¹ JVU UVTL L JVNUVTL KLSS»PU[LY]PZ[H[V L YPZWVZ[L HSSH KVTHUKH ¸8\HSL LSLTLU[V V ZP[\HaPVUL ]VYYLZ[L TVKP ÄJHYL& JVU [LZ[P MV[VNYHÄL L KPZLNUP +P <NV 3H 7PL[YH SV ZJYP[[V ¸0 NYHKP KP SPILY[n¹ \U HY[PJVSV KP WHNPUL JVU MV[VNYHÄL KP ZWHaP L ZP[\HaPVUP KP]LYZL :JYP[[P [YH NSP HS[YP KP -LYYHYP 7L[[LUH .PHUUP ,TPSPV :PTVUL[[P Á F3( 70,;9( <NV -,99(90 =PUJLUaV 0570<» 0U[LY]LU[P L HUHSPZP KLSS»HTIPLU[L L KLS ZP Z[LTH J\S[\YHSL (UUV U 7LY \U JVTWVY[HTLU[V JYLH[P]V ULP WYVJLZZP KP YHWWYLZLU[HaPVUL KLSS»HTIPLU[L 4PSHUV 1HIPR ,KP[VYP *T _ WW JVTWSL[HTLU[L PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV [VNYHÄL PU I U IY JVU MV[VTVU[HNNPV HUJOL HS YL[YV :JYP[[P KLS NY\WWV 3PIPYKHJO <-6 +VYÅLZ L .SVIHS ;VVSZ Á F3( 70,;9( <NV -,99(90 =PUJLUaV 0570<» 0U[LY]LU[P L HUHSPZP KLSS»HTIPLU[L L KLS ZP Z[LTH J\S[\YHSL (UUV U 7LY \U JVTWVY[HTLU[V JYLH[P]V ULP WYVJLZZP KP YPHWWYVWYPHaPV UL KLSS»HTIPLU[L 4PSHUV 1HIPR ,KP[VYP *T _ WW JVTWSL[HTLU[L PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV[VNYHÄL PU I U IY JVU MV[VTVU[HNNPV HUJOL HS YL[YV :JYP[[P KP <NV 3H 7PL[YH (JOPSSL )VUP[V 6SP]H * .\LUaP 4 )HSKVUP Á F3( 70,;9( <NV 9PJVYKV KP <NV 3H 7PL[YH KHSSH ???= )PLUUHSL KP =LULaPH =LULaPH *T _ MVNSP JPJSVZ[PSH[P PU I U JVU KP]LYZL PTTHNPUP PU I U JOL KVJ\TLU [HUV S»HaPVUL ZWLYPTLU[HSL YLHSPaaH[H KH <NV 3H 7PL[YH HSSH )PLUUHSL KLS YLHSPaaHaPVUL KP ¸VNNL[[V ZV\]LUPY¹ ZLUaH SH X\HSL UVU LYH JVUZPNSPH[V SHZJPHYL SH )PLUUHSL ;PTIYP KP ]HYPL KH[L L ÄYTH KLSS»H\[VYL Z\SSH JVWLY[PUH Á F 3H 7PL[YH (H =] ¸<U TVKLSSV WLYZLN\P[V! ]LKLYL N\HYKHYL SLNNLYL¹ <NV *HYYLNH =PUJLUaV -LYYHYP ,TPSPV 0ZNY~ <NV 3H 7PL[YH 7SPUPV 4LZJP\SHT 3\JH 7H[LSSH -YHUJV =HJJHYP *H[HSVNV TV Z[YH 4PSHUV .HSSLYPH )S\ *T _ WW JVU [H]VSL PU I U IY Á F 3H 7PL[YH 4<3(: <NV <NV 3H 7PL[YH ¸(3369(! *64796 <5( :;9(+( 5L MHJJPV \U»HS[YH ;YH ZMVYTV NSP ZWHaP VYPNPUHYP *HTIPV SL JVUKPaPVUP KP JVTWVY[HTLU[V ¹ -V[VNYHÄH VYPNPUHSL ]PU [HNL *VTV <NV 4\SHZ *T _ ZJH[[V YLHSPaaH[V WLY SH THUPMLZ[HaPVUL ¸*HTWV \Y


IHUVยน PU[LY]LU[P LZ[L[PJP ULSSH KPTLUZPVUL JVSSL[[P]H \YIHUH H *VTV ZL[[LTIYL (S YL[YV KLSSH MV[VNYHร H ZJYP[[L H WLUUHYLSSV JVU KLZJYPaPVUL KLSSH MV[VNYHร H U\TLYV H TH[P[H L [PTIYV H ZLJJV :[\KPV 4\SHZ -V[VNYHร H PU]PH[H ULNSP HUUP ยบ H JYP[PJV KยปHY[L WLY YLJLUZPVUL ร F3( 96**( 2L[[` 0U WYPUJPWPV LYH[ -PYLUaL *LU[YV +P *T _ WW JVU MV[VNYHร L PU I U IYVZZ\YH ร F 3V :H]PV 36 :(=06 -9(5*,:*6 7YVNL[[P WLY TL[HSSP 9VTH .HSSLYPH 3H :HSP [H *T _ WW JVU [H]] PSS PU I U IY PSS PU I U =VS\TL W\IISPJH[V PU VJ JHZPVUL KLSSH TVZ[YH KLP WYVNL[[P VYPNPUHSP HSSH .HSSLYPH 3H :HSP[H PS KPJLTIYL ร F 3V :H]PV (H =] :WHaPV S\JL! L]VS\aPVUL KP \UยปPKLH -YHUJLZJV 3V :H]PV 9VTH +L 3\JH ,KP[VYL *T _ WW JVTWSL[HTLU[L PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV[VNYHร L PU I U SLN LKP[ JHY[VUH[H JVU KVYZV PU [LSH L ZV]YHJVWLY[H ร N\YH[H KH MV[VNYHร H PU I U ร

F369( ;6;056 (YYPNV ยธ7VLZPH ZVUVYH PU JVUJLY[Vยน MV[VNYHร H ]PU[HNL VYPNPUHSL =LYVUH (\KP[VYP\T : -YHUJLZJV HS *VYZV MLIIYHPV *T _ ILSSH MV[VNYHร H KP \UH [PWPJH WLY MVYTHUJL ZVUVYH KP ;V[PUV PU JHSaHTHNSPH ULYH -V[VNYHMV UVU KPJOPHYH[V ร F4(5 9(@ ยธ(\[VYP[YH[[Vยน -V[VNYHร H VYPNPUHSL ร YTH[H PU IHZZV H KLZ[YH L U\TLYH[H *T _ SH MV[VNYHร H u HWWSPJH[H L JVU[LU\[H PU \U JVMHUL[[V PU [LSH ]LYKL F4(5 9(@ 3LZ [YLPaL JSPJOLZ ]PLYNLZ 4PSHUV :LYNPV ;VZP ,KP[VYL NLUUHPV *T _ WW JVU PSS\Z[YHaPVUP HS [YH[[V PU I U SLNH[\YH LKP[VYPHSL PU [LSH ]LYKL JVU ZPNSH KP 4HU 9H` H YPSPL]V PU JVMHUL[[V LKP[VYPHSL PU [LSH ]LYKL ,KPaPVUL PU JVWPL KP J\P P WYPTP LZLT WSHYP JVU[LUNVUV \UH ZLYPL KP V[[V PUJPZPVUP L \UH MV[VNYHร H U\TLYH[H L ร YTH[H KHSSยปHY[PZ[H ,KPaPVUL KLSSH ZLYPL UVYTHSL ZLUaH Z\P[L HSSLNH[H 3H MV[VNYHร H VYPNPUHSL L PS SPIYV KยปHY[PZ[H ร F4(5 9(@ ยธ3H WYLNOPLYHยน *T _ -V[VNYHร H VYPNPUHSL ร YTH[H L U\TLYH[H PU IHZZV H KLZ[YH LZLTWSHYL U YLHSPaaH[V H 4PSHUV WLY :LYNPV ;VZP Z[HTWH[VYL ร F4(5 9(@ 3VUKVU /HUV]LY .HSSLY` 4PSHUV :LYNPV ;VZP ,KP[VYL *T _ WW JVU MV[VNYHร L PU I U L PSS\Z[YHaPVUP H JVSVYP SH JVWLY[PUH u YLHSPaaH[H JVU K\L WHNPUL PU TL [HSSV JVU ZLYPNYHร H HS MYVU[L \UP[L KH HULSSP PU TL[HSSV 3PIYV VNNL[[V L ILS JH[HSVNV JVU MV[VNYHร L YLHSPaaH[L KH 1HJX\LSPUL /`KL L 4HU 9H` ร F4(5 9(@ ยธ+L SยปVYPNPUL KLZ LZWuJLZ WHY ]VPL KL ZuSLJ[PVU PYYH[PVULSSLยน SP[OVNYHWOPLZ VYPNPUH SLZ 0U[YVK\J[PVU WHY . KP :HU 3HaaHYV 7HYPZ ?? :PuJSL ยถ 4PSHUV .HSSLYPH :JO^HYa ยถ 5L^ @VYR 3LVU (TPLS *T _ WHNPUL KP MYVU[LZWPaPV L [LZ[V SP[VNYHร L H JVSVYP ร YTH[L L U\TLYH[L WHNPUL KP JVSVWOVU PS [\[[V JVU[LU\[V PU \UH ILSSH JHY[LSSH LKP[VYPHSL JHY[VUH[H KP JVSVYL NPHSSH JVU ZJHJJOPLYH HWWSPJH[H L [P[VSV Z[HTWH[V ,KPaPVUL PU JVWPL LZLTWSHYL U ร


F 4HUaVUP (H =] 7HUKLYTH U )HZLS *HYS 3HZaSV *T _ WW JVU HSJ\UL WHNPUL PU JHY[H WP SLNNLYH KP JVSVYL ]LYKL JVTWSL[HTLU[L PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV[VNYHÄL PU I U L PSS\Z[YHaPVUP HS [YH[[V JVU ILSSH PTWVZ[HaPVUL [PWVNYHÄJH IY ÄN\YH[H PU I U *VU[PLUL \U [LZ[V KP )HaVU )YVJR JOL WHYSH KP 4HJR 4HUaVUP L /HSSLY JVU [YL MV[VNYHÄL KLSSL VWLYL :JYP[[P KP )LSSVSP *HYS 3HZaSV 9HPULY 9LZ[HU`" VWLYL KP *HZ[LSSHUP 4H[[H /\TILY[ 9HPULY >VSZ 7VSSVJR /\UKLY[^HZZLY ;HWPuZ Á F 4HUaVUP (H =] 7PLYV 4HUaVUP 4PSHUV .HSSLYPH :JO^HYa *T _ HWLY[V THUP MLZ[V KLSSH WYPTH TVZ[YH H 4PSHUV H KPZ[HUaH KP \U HUUV KHSSH TVY[L KLSS»HY[PZ[H <UPJV KVJ\ TLU[V LZPZ[LU[L (S MYVU[L ZVSV SH ZJYP[[H ¸7PLYV 4HUaVUP¹ HS YL[YV JPYJH MYHZP ZJYP[[L KH HY[PZ[P JYP[PJP HTPJP H YPJVYKV KP 7PLYV [YH NSP HS[YP *HZ[LSSHUP )VUHS\TP +HKHTHPUV +VYÅLZ )HQ +HU NLSV -VU[HUH 0TWVY[HU[L KVJ\TLU[V Z[VYPJV Á F 4HUaVUP (H =] 7PLYV 4HUaVUP (TZ[LYKHT ,K :[LKLSPQR 4\ZL\T (TZ[LYKHT *T _ WW JVU PSS MV[VNYHÄJOL I U L \UH H K\L JVSS +\L MVNSP Z[HTWH[P Z\ JHY[H KH S\JPKV IY ÄN H K\L JVSS ;LZ[V PU VSHUKLZL L PU P[HSPHUV *H[HSVNV U THYaV HWYPSL Á F 4HUaVUP (.5,;;0 =PUJLUaV .SP HJOYVTLZ KP 7PLYV 4HUaVUP 4PSHUV =HUUP :JOLP^PSSLY *VSSHUH 9PJLYJH JVU[LTWVYHULH *T _ WW JVU [H]VSL PU I U IY *H[H SVNV PU SPUN\H MYHUJLZL PUNSLZL L [LKLZJH Á F 4HUaVUP *,3(5; .LYTHUV 4VZ[YH KP 7PLYV 4HUaVUP 7YLZLU[HaPVUL KP 7HSTH )\JHYLSSP *H[HSVNV KLSS»LZWVZPaPVUL HSSH .HSSLYPH 5HaPVUHSL K»(Y[L 4VKLYUH KP 9VTH KHS MLIIYHPV HS THYaV 9VTH +L 3\JH ,KP[VYL *T _ WW JVU YPWYVK\aPVUP PU I U H WPLUH WHNPUH IY ÄN PU I U Á F 4HUaVUP 2(0::,930(5 .PVYNPV 1(.<,9 ,KVHYK (Y[L 5\JSLHYL )HQ )LTWVYHK )LY [PUP +HUNLSV @]LZ 2SLPU 4HUaVUP (YUHSKV 7VTVKVYV .P~ 7VTVKVYV 9VZZLSSV :VYKPUP =LYNH 1VYU =HUKLYJHT 4PSHUV .HSSLYPH : -LKLSL *T _ WW JVU YPWYVK\aPVUP MV[VNYHÄJOL PU I U KP J\P H JVSVYP IY 3H WHY[LJPWHaPVUL KP 7PLYV 4HUaVUP H X\LZ[H JVSSL[[P]H VYNHUPaaH[H KH .PVYNPV 2HPZZLYSPHU L SH WHY[LJPWHaPVUL HSSH YLKHaPVUL KLS [LYaV U\TLYV KLSSH YP ]PZ[H ¸0S NLZ[V¹ ZVUV S»\S[PTH HKLZPVUL \MÄJPHSL HS 4V]PTLU[V (Y[L 5\JSLHYL Á F 4HUaVUP 7(3(AA630 +HUPLSH 7PLYV 4HUaVUP 4PSHUV *VSSLaPVUL ¸3L 7YLZLUaL¹ KLSSH .HS SLYPH )S\ *T _ WW JVU MV[VNYHÄL KLSSL VWLYL L KLSS»HY[PZ[H PU I U U [ IY PSS PU I U ;LZ[V PU P[HSPHUV L PUNSLZL -HZJPJVSV YLHSPaaH[V PU VJJHZPVUL KLSSH TVZ[YH [LU\[H WYLZZV SH .HSSLYPH )S\ ULS NLUUHPV KLS *VU[PLUL HUJOL \UH IPVNYHÄH JVU SH JYVUVSVNPH KLSSL TVZ[YL KP 4HUaVUP L S»LSLUJV KLSSL VWLYL LZWVZ[L Á F 4HUaVUP 7(3(AA630 3\JH 7PLYV 4HUaVUP 4PSHUV LKP[V KHSS»H\[VYL *T _ WW JVU YPWYVK\aPVUP KP VWLYL L MV[VYP[YH[[P KP 4HUaVUP IY I\SSVUH[V 0U X\LSS»VJJHZPVUL KPJLTIYL º ]LUUL WYLZLU[H[H S»LKPaPVUL KP SPULL PUÄUP[L PKLH[L KH 7PLYV 4HUaVUP L YLHSPa aH[L KH 3\JH 7HSHaaVSP Á F4(90 ,UaV 0S NPVJV KLSSL MH]VSL 4PSHUV +HULZL *T _ JHY[VUJPUP PSS\Z[YH[P JVU [LJUPJH SP[VNYHÄJH MYVU[L YL[YV JVTWVUPIPSP WLY SH JYLHaPVUL KP \U NPVJV JVU[LUP[VYL PU JHY [VUL ;PYH[\YH UVU KPJOPHYH[H Á F4(96;;( .PUV .PUV 4HYV[[H 8\H[[YV SP[VNYHÄL VYPNPUHSP LK \U KPZLNUV JVSSHNL 9VTH .HSSLYPH 3H :HSP[H *T _ WW H X\HY[PUP ZJPVS[P JVU \U X\HY[PUV KP JVSVWOVU L MYVU[LZWPaPV \U X\HY[PUV JVU KLZJYPaPVUL KLSSH [PYH[\YH X\HY[PUP JVU SP[VNYHÄL WYV[L[[L KH JHY[H ]LSPUH ÄYTH[L L U\TLYH[L! 7HLZL NLVSH[YPJV 4L[HTVYMVZP WLY \U JHYKPUHSL -PVYL


JVTL JYVJLÄZZV ;PWP HZZVS\[HTLU[L KP]LYZP <U KPZLNUV H JVSSHNL Z\ MVNSPV KP JHY[H WP SLN NLYV ÄYTH[V P ZLP X\HY[PUP ZJPVS[P L PS KPZLNUV H JVSSHNL VYPNPUHSL ZVUV JVU[LU\[P PU \UH JHY[LSSH LKP[VYPHSL PU JHY[H MVY[L JVU ZV]YHJVWLY[H [YHZWHYLU[L PU JVMHUL[[V JHY[VUH[V THYYVUL ,KPaPVUL PU JVWPL ÄYTH[L HUJOL HS JVSVWOVU LZLTWSHYL U Á F 4H[[PHJJP (H = ] 4H[[PHJJP *H[HSVNV TVZ[YH 7HYPZ 5L^ @VYR .tUL]L 4PSHUV 4HKYPK .HSSLYPH 1VSHZ *T _ WW JVU YPWYVK\aPVUP MV[VNYHÄJOL PU I U H WPLUH WH NPUH IY Á F4(<90 -HIPV =0=(3+0 *LZHYL H J\YH KP -HIPV 4H\YP 0U[LY]LU[P L JP[HaPVUP JYP[PJOL KP ,TPSPV =PSSH .PSSV +VYÅLZ .\PKV )HSSV 4H\YPaPV *HS]LZP .PUV 4HYV[[H 7PLYYL 9LZ[HU` ;VTTHZV ;YPUP :HUKYV +L -LV -HIYPaPV +LU[PJL (JOPSSL )VUP[V 6SP]H ,UUPV -SH]PHUV 9VTH :[\KPV K»(Y[L ;VUPULSSP *T _ WW JVU TVS[L PSS\Z[YHaPVUP L JHY[L ]LSPUL Z[HT WH[L PU I U L H JVSVYP ULS [LZ[V IY Á F 4LYa (H =] 4HYPV 4LYa 7HYPZ .HSLYPL :VUUHILUK Z K *T _ WW JVU MV[VNYHÄL PU I U KLSSL VWLYL IY JVU JVWLY[PUH ÄN JVU MV[VNYHÄH PU I U 7PJJVSV JH[HSVNV KLSSH TVZ[YH [LU\[H HSSH NHSSLYPH :VUUHILUK 0UJS\KL HUJOL \U [LZ[V UVU ÄYTH[V Á F 4LYa *,3(5; .LYTHUV H J\YH KP 4HYPV 4LYa 4PSHUV 4HaaV[[H *T _ WW JVU TVS[L PSS PU I U L H JVSS L KPZLNUP HS [YH[[V Z\ JHY[H KH S\JPKV U [ IY ÄN H JVSS Á F 4VJOL[[P (H =] 4VJOL[[P 7PHJLU[PUV 7PZ[VSL[[V 4PSHUV .HSSLYPH ;VZLSSP *T _ WW MV[VNYHÄL PU I U H WPLUH W \UH [H] PU I U L [H]] M\Z[LSSH[L Z\ JHY[H IPHUJH KP 7PZ[VSL[[V IYVZZ\YH [PYH[\YH PU JVWPL Á

F 4\UHYP *(9(4,3 3\JPHUV 4<3(: <NV 4<5(90 )Y\UV *(476 <9)(56 0U[LY ]LU[P LZ[L[PJP ULSSH KPTLUZPVUL JVSSL[[P]H \YIHUH *VTV ZL[[LTIYL ( J\YH KP 3\JPHUV *HYHTLS MV[VNYHÄL KP <NV 4\SHZ WYVNL[[V NYHÄJV KP )Y\UV 4\UHYP *VTV ,KP[YPJL 5HUP JVU WYVJLKPTLU[V 0[LR 7SHZ[LTHZ[LY *T _ WW [\[[V PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV[VNYHÄL L MV[VTVU[HNNP PU I U KLSSL WLYMVYTHUJL YLHSPaaH[L PU JLU[YV H *VTV ZHWPLU[LTLU[L PTWHNPUH[L KHS THLZ[YV )Y\UV 4\UHYP IY ÄN\YH[H Á F 5HUUP )650;6 630=( (JOPSSL 4HYPV 5HUUP 0 NPVJOP KLS THSLZZLYL 4PSHUV ,KPaPVUP (WVS SPUHPYL .YHÄJOL 5H]H *T _ WW JVTWYLZH SH JVWLY[PUH [\[[L M\Z[LSSH[L SL KP JVWLY[PUH PU JHY[H MVY[L WSHZ[PÄJH[H IPHUJH UVU Z[HTWH[H PU JHY[VUJPUV YVZZV PU JHY[H WH[P UH[H MVY[L JVU YPWYVK\aPVUP MV[VNYHÄJOL PU I U PU JHY[H MVY[L HYNLU[H[H PU JHY[VUJPUV WSHZ[P ÄJH[V JVSVY ULYV PU MVNSP KP WSHZ[PJH [YHZWHYLU[P Z[HTWH[P PU ULYV" HSSL WHNPUL L LZPZ[L \U»\S[LYPVYL M\Z[LSSH[\YH HSSH X\HSL ZVUV HWWLZP [YHTP[L KLSSL WPJJVSL TVSSL KLP JLYJOP TL[HSSPJP H SVYV ]VS[H M\Z[LSSH[P PS [LZ[V KP ( )VUP[V 6SP]H u Z[HTWH[V Z\ KP \UH Z[YPZJPH PU JHY[VUJPUV YVZZV


JOL WLYJVYYL WHNPUL KLS SPIYV VNNL[[V .SP VNNL[[P L P MLUVTLUP YPWYVKV[[P ZVUV Z[H[P LZLN\P[P MYH PS L PS L WYLZLU[H[P ULSSL .HSSLYPL (WVSSPUHPYL KP 4PSHUV L 3H U\V]H SVNNPH KP )VSVNUH 3ยปHTIPLU[L ZVUVYV ]PZP]V [H[[PSL u Z[H[V PUVS[YL ZWLYPTLU[H[V HSSH 9PUHZJLU[L KP 4PSHUV ,KPaPVUL PU JVWPL UVU U\TLYH[L ,ZLTWSHYL WLYML[[V PU ZJH[VSH KP WSL_PNSHZZ HWYPIPSL UVU LKP[VYPHSL JYLH[H H WYV[LaPVUL KLSSยปVWLYH ร F5(55<**0 4H\YPaPV (Y[ HZ ZVJPHS LU]PYVUTLU[ (TZ[LYKHT ,_P[ ,KPaPVUP 3\NV 6[OLY IVVRZ HUK ZV *T _ WW [\[[L YPWVY[HU[P SH Z[LZZH ZJYP[[H Z[HTWH[H PU YVZZV (9; (: :6*0(3 ,5=09654,5; 4H\YPaPV 5HUU\JJP SL WHNPUL WVY[HUV [\[[L HS SH[V \UH M\Z[LS SH[\YH JVTL WLY WV[LY LZZLYL Z[YHWWH[L IY KP JVSVYL IPHUJV UVU Z[HTWH[H JVU [P[VSV PU YVZZV HS KVYZV 3PIYV KยปHY[PZ[H PU JVWPL ร F7(63050 .P\SPV 0KLT *VU \U [LZ[V PU[YVK\[[P]V KP 0[HSV *HS]PUV ;VYPUV ,PUH\KP *T _ WW ?0= KP [LZ[V PU[YVK\[[P]V L WHNPUL PKLH[L L PSS\Z[YH[L KH 7HVSPUP JVTL \U SPIYV KยปHY[PZ[H IY ร N\YH[H PU I U ร

F7(63050 .P\SPV =LKV ;VYPUV 5V[PaPL MLIIYHPV THYaV *T _ JOP\ZV IVS SL[[PUV ยธ5V[PaPL ยน JVU HWLY[\YH H THUPMLZ[V YPWPLNH[V PU WHY[P KP JT _ HWLY[V JVU KH \U SH[V MV[VNYHร L PU I U L KHSSยปHS[YV \U [LZ[V KP 1LHU 4PJOLS 9LT` \UV ZJYP[[V KP 7HVSPUP Z[HTWH[V PU YVZZV L \U [LZ[V KP 4HYPZH =VSWP 6YSHUKPUP ร F 7HYPZP 4<3(: <NV 0JV 7HYPZP -YHUJLZJV :VTHPUP ยธ*65;,50;690 <4(50ยน -V[VNYHร H ]PU [HNL *VTV <NV 4\SHZ *T _ ZJH[[V YLHSPaaH[V WLY SH THUPMLZ[HaPVUL ยธ*HTWV \Y IHUVยน PU[LY]LU[P LZ[L[PJP ULSSH KPTLUZPVUL JVSSL[[P]H \YIHUH H *VTV ZL[[LTIYL (S YL[YV KLSSH MV[VNYHร H ZJYP[[L H WLUUHYLSSV JVU KLZJYPaPVUL KLSSH MV[VNYHร H U\TLYV H TH[P[H L [PTIYV H ZLJJV :[\KPV 4\SHZ -V[VNYHร H PU]PH[H ULNSP HUUP ยบ H JYP[PJV KยปHY[L WLY YLJLUZPVUL ร F7(940..0(50 *SH\KPV .LVTL[YPH YLMVYTH[H ^LPJOU\U NLU A\YPJO (U ULTHYPH =LYUH *T _ WW [\[[V PSS\Z[YH[V KH [H]VSL PU I U IY ,KPaPVUL PU JVWPL LZLTWSHYL U ร F 7HZJHSP *(3=,:0 4H\YPaPV [LZ[V KP *LYVSP 2V\ULSSPZ 4HYV[[H 7HZJHSP HY[PZ[LZ P[HSPLUZ WS\Z X\L UH[\YL 7HYPZ 4\ZtL KLZ (Y[Z +tJVYH[PMZ *T _ WW PU[LYHTLU[L PSS\Z[YH[W KH MV[VNYHร L PU I U U [ JVU MVNSP KP JHY[H KH S\JPKV [YHZWHYLU[L IY ร N H JVSS )LS JH[HSVNV PU SPUN\H MYHUJLZL KLSSH TVZ[YH PUH\N\YH[H PS WYPTV KPJLTIYL KLS ร F 7HZJHSP 1(5<: 7HZJHSP *H[HSVNV TVZ[YH ;VYPUV .HSSLYPH 0S -H\UV *T _ WW JVU [H]VSL PU IPHUJV L ULYV M [ IY ร


F 7L[[LUH 4<3(: <NV .PHUUP 7L[[LUH *VTL THP X\HZP [\[[P OHUUV ZJLS[V SH WPHaaH& -V [VNYHÄH VYPNPUHSL ]PU[HNL *VTV <NV 4\SHZ *T _ ZJH[[V YLHSPaaH[V WLY SH THUP MLZ[HaPVUL ¸*HTWV \YIHUV¹ PU[LY]LU[P LZ[L[PJP ULSSH KPTLUZPVUL JVSSL[[P]H \YIHUH H *VTV ZL[[LTIYL (S YL[YV KLSSH MV[VNYHÄH ZJYP[[L H WLUUHYLSSV JVU KLZJYPaPVUL KLSSH MV[VNYHÄH U\TLYV H TH[P[H L [PTIYV H ZLJJV :[\KPV 4\SHZ -V[VNYHÄH PU]PH[H ULNSP HUUP º H JYP[PJV K»HY[L WLY YLJLUZPVUL Á F 7PLUL +69-3,: .PSSV [LZ[V KP 7PLUL 4PSHUV .HSSLYPH *HKHYPV Z W H *T _ WW JVU \UH YPWYVK\aPVUL MV[VNYHÄJH JOL YP[YHL S»HY[PZ[H L [H]] PU I U H WPLUH WHNPUH IY *H[HSVNV KLSSH TVZ[YH HSSH .HSSLYPH *HKHYPV KP 4PSHUV [LU\[HZP KHS HS NP\NUV *VWLY [PUH WS\YP[PTIYH[H KH .PSSV +VYÅLZ JVU [PTIYV WLYZVUHSL \MÄJPHSL Á

F70:;63,;;6 PU[YVK\aPVUL KP 7PZ[VSL[[V 4PSHUV .HSSLYPH KLSS»(YPL[L *T _ WW JVTWSL[HTLU[L PSS\Z[YH[V KH MV[VNYHÄL PU I U IY KP JVSVYL HYHUJPVUL *H[HSVNV U KLSSH .HSSLYPH KLSS»(YPL[L Á F 7PZ[VSL[[V (H =] *,3(5; .LYTHUV H J\YH KP 4PJOLSHUNLSV 7PZ[VSL[[V .LUV]H .HSSLYPH SH )LY[LZJH *T _ WW JVU PSS PU I U M [ IY ,KPaPVUL KLSSH .HSSLYPH 4H ZUH[H JH[HSVNV U LKP[V PU VJJHZPVUL KLSSH TVZ[YH KP 4PJOLSHUNLSV 7PZ[VSL[[V KPJLTIYL NLUUHPV ;LZ[P [YH NSP HS[YP KP! 4PJOLSHUNLSV 7PZ[VSL[[V (SHPU 1V\MMYV` 4PJOHLS :VUUHILUK ;VTTHZV ;YPUP 0TWHNPUHaPVUL KP 4VYHUKPUP LKP[V PU LZLTWSHYP Á F 7PZ[VSL[[V ;9050 ;VTTHZV 7PZ[VSL[[V 4PSHUV .HSSLYPH KLSS»(YPL[L *T _ WW JVU \UH [H]] PU I U L YPWYVK\aPVUP MV[VNYHÄJOL H JVSS U [ IY JVU JVWLY[PUH YVZZH *H[HSVNV U KLSSH .HSSLYPH KLSS»(YPL[L -V[VNYHÄL KP .PVYNPV *VSVTIV L <NV 4\SHZ Á F 9V[LSSH 9,:;(5@ 7PLYYL 9V[LSSH! KHS KtJVSSHNL HSSH 5\V]H PTTHNPUL 4PSHUV ,KPaPVUP (WVS SPUHPYL JVSSHUH 0 X\HKLYUP KLS ¸5V\]LH\ 9LHSPZTL¹ H J\YH KP 7PLYYL 9LZ[HU` *T _ WW JVU TVS[PZZPTL MV[V THUVZJYP[[P L [H]] HWWSPJH[L H JVSS SLN LKP[ PU WLSSL ULYH JVU ZV]YHJVWLY[H ÄN KH KtJVSSHNL 3PIYV JVU[LULU[L THUVZJYP[[P WVLTP MVUL[PJP \U [LZ[V KP 9LZ[HU` 0U MYHUJLZL P[HSPHUV L PUNSLZL L KLSSL [H]VSL HWWSPJH[L H JVSVYP ,KPaPVUL PU TPSSL JVWPL U\TLYH[L LZLTWSHYL U 7YPTH TVUVNYHÄH W\IISPJH[H Z\ 9V[LSSH Á F :HS]V (H =] 7HVSPUP 7PZ[VSL[[V :HS]V ;VYPUV .HSSLYPH 5V[PaPL *T _ WW JVU YPWYVK\aPVUP MV[VNYHÄJOL PU I U U [ IY Á F :JOPMHUV *(3=,:0 4H\YPaPV [LZ[V KP :JOPMHUV 7HKV]H .HSSLYPH 3H *OPVJJPVSH *T _ WW JVU [H]] PU I U U [ IY *H[HSVNV KLSSH TVZ[YH WLYZVUHSL KP 4HYPV :JOPMHUV KHSS» THYaV HS THYaV Á


F :JOPMHUV 7(90:, .VMMYLKV [LZ[V KP 4HYPV :JOPMHUV 9VTH .HSSLYPH 6K`ZZPH *T _ WW JVU [H]] PU I U U [ IY ร N PU I U YPSLNH[H LK JVU SPZ[LSSV PU WSHZ[PJH *H[HSVNV KLSSH TVZ[YH [LU\[H H 9VTH HSSH .HSSLYPH 6K`ZZPH ULS UV]LTIYL KLS L H 4PSHUV HSSV :[\KPV 4HYJVUP ULS KPJLTIYL KLSSV Z[LZZV HUUV ร F=(**(90 -YHUJV 3L ;YHJJL *VU \U [LZ[V KP (KYPHUV :WH[VSH )VSVNUH :HTWPL[YV ,KP[VYL *T _ WW [LZ[V ZJYP[[V Z\ JHY[H KH WHJJV JOL ZLWHYH Z\JJLZZP]HTLU[L [\[[L SL MV[VNYHร L PU I U KLS SPIYV SLNH[\YH LKP[VYPHSL JHY[VUH[H JVU ZV]YHJVWLY[H ร N H JVSS ;PYH[\YH PU LZLTWSHYP U\TLYH[P PS UVZ[YV u PS Uย ร F =HJJHYP */0,90*0 4H\YPaPV 0 YHNHaaP KLS ยบ +HKHTHPUV -HIYV .YPMMH 0JHYV 2V\ULSSPZ 3LNUHNOP 4HYPHUP 5PUH 7HYHKPZV :JHJJHIHYVaaP :WHNU\SV =HJJHYP 4PSHUV ,KPaPVUP (UU\U JPH[H (UUV *H[HSVNV U *T _ WW JVU TVS[L YPWYVK\aPVUP MV[VNYHร JOL PU I U IY ร F =LULYP ;9050 ;VTTHZV *HYSV =LULYP ,KPaPVUP . - = -V[V 4H\YPaPV )YLUaVUP ;PWVNYHร H *VUKVY 8\HKLYUV U V[[VIYL =LYVUH .HSSLYPH -LYYHYP *T _ WW JVU MV[VNYHร L PU I U HSJ\UL H WPLUH WHNPUH KLSSH Z\H WLYMVYTHUJL L YLSH[P]H PZ[HSSHaPVUL IY 0S [LZ[V KP ;YPUP PU WHY[L u Z[H[V JVTWPSH[V PU VJJHZPVUL KLS JVU]LNUV ยธHY[L WV]LYH HaPVUP WV]LYLยน KP (THSร ULSSยปV[[VIYL KLSSV Z[LZZV HUUV KV]L WHY[LJPWH]H HUJOL *HYSV =LULYP (SSLNH[V HS JH[HSVNV MV[VNYHร L VYPNPUHSP ]PU[HNL KLSSL X\HSP \[PSPaaH[L WLY PS JH[HSVNV ร F ALYV (H =] /LPUa 4HJR 6[[V 7PLUL .ย U[OLY <LJRLY /HUUV]LY 2LZ[ULY .LZLSSZJOHM[ *T _ WW JVU TVS[L PSS L YPWY MV[VNYHร JOL PU I U U [ IY PSS H JVSS *H[HSVNV PU SPUN\H [LKLZJH KLSSH TVZ[YH KLKPJH[H HS .Y\WWV ALYV [LU\[HZP WYLZZV PS 2LZ[ULY .LZLSSZJOHM[ KP /HUUV]LY KHS THNNPV HS NP\NUV ร F ALYV 1<9./,5 -0:*/,9 2SH\Z [LZ[V KP :[YPUNLUa 5\V]L [LUKLUaL [LKLZJOL )\ZZL /VS^LJR -PZJOLY 2YPJRL 4HJR 4H]PNUPLY :LSS\UN =VYILYN 4PSHUV .HSSLYPH 7HNHUP KLS .YH[ [HJPLSV *T _ WW JVU [H]] PU I U IY ร N 0TWVY[HU[L JH[HSVNV KP HY[L PUMVYTHSL ร F ALYV /650:*/ +PL[LY 3LUR 4HJR 7MHOSLY <LJRLY =LULaPH *H[HSVNV KLS 7HKPNSPVUL ;L KLZJV HSSH ???= )PLUUHSL *T _ JHY[LSSH LKP[VYPHSL IPHUJH JVU[LULU[L MHZJPJVSP KP JVSVYL KP]LYZV WLY VNUP HY[PZ[H! <LJRLY IPHUJV 4HJR HYNLU[V 3LUR M\JZPH 7MHOSLY IS\ RSLPU (K VNUP JH[HSVNV u Z[H[H HSSLNH[H \UH Z[HTWH VYPNPUHSL YLHSPaaH[H HWWVZP[HTLU[L WLY X\LZ[V JH[HSVNV ;PYH[\YH UVU KPJOPHYH[H ร


F AVYPV (H =] 9PJVNUPaPVUL JPUX\L ( J\YH KP (UNLSV ;YPTHYJV *PUX\L JYP[PJP WLY JPUX\L HY [PZ[P :HSLYUV *LU[YV :[\KP *VSH\[[P *T _ WW JVU TVS[L PSS PU I U VNUP ZLaPVUL u KP]PZH KH \U MVNSPV KP JHY[VUJPUV ULYV IY *PUX\L JYP[PJP WYLZLU[HUV JPUX\L HY[PZ[P )650;6 630=( ( ! (NVZ[PUV )VUHS\TP -(.0636 4 ! 4HYJVSPUV .HUKPUP *,3(5; .! (SKV 4VUKPUV )(90330 9 ! .PHUUP 9\MÄ )6(;;6 ( ! .PSILY[V AVYPV Á F AVYPV :7(9;( 7PL[YV .PSILY[V AVYPV *OHNU` (\ MVUK KL SH JV\Y[ n KYVP[L *T _ WW JVU PSS PU I U L H JVSVYP L JVU \UH WHNPUH PU JHY[H ]LSPUH M [ IY Á

NYHÄJH! ÄSPWWV JLYLKP

*HYSH 9VUJH[V +LYI`SP\Z 3PIYLYPH .HSSLYPH K»HY[L ¶ =PH 7 *\Z[VKP ¶ 4PSHUV ;LS ¶ ( 3 ( 0 (ZZVJPHaPVUL 3PIYHP (U[PX\HYP K»0[HSPH 0 3 ( ) 0U[LYUH[PVUHS 3LHN\L VM (U[PX\HYPHU )VVRZLSSLYZ


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.