ԼՈՒՍԱԲԱՑ – LOUSSAPATZ – June 02, 2012

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ÂÆô 937 Þ²´²Â, 2 ÚàôÜÆê 2012

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Semyon Davidovich Kirlian February 20, 1898 – April 4, 1978 was a Russian inventor and researcher of Armenian descent, discovered and developed Kirlian photography.

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äÆîÆ ÜºðβڲòàôÆ Æð²ô²Î²Üúð¾Ü ²Ü²è²ðκÈÆ Üàð úðÆܲ¶ÆÌ üð²Üê²ÚÆ Ìºð²ÎàÚîÆ ²Ü¸²ØÆÜ Ð²Ø²Ò²ÚÜ

üñ³Ýë³óÇ Í»ñ³Ïáõï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ ÌÇÍ»éݳϳµ»ñ¹ ³Ûó»Éáõû³Ý ÁÝóóùÇÝ È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³Õ »õ г۳ëï³Ý ³Ûó»ÉáÕ üñ³Ýë³óÇ Í»ñ³Ïáõï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñª üÇÉÇ÷ سñÇÝÇ, êáýÇ Äáõ³ë¿Ý »õ ä»ñݳñ üáõñÝÇ¿, سÛÇë 26-ÇÝ ³Ûó»É³Í »Ý ÌÇÍ»éݳϳµ»ñ¹, áõñ ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ ¹ñ³Í »Ý 1915 Ãáõ³Ï³ÝÇ Ð³Ûáó Ø»Í »Õ»éÝÇ Ûáõß³ÏáÃáÕÇÝ: ²Ûë ³éÃÇõ, Í»ñ³Ïáõï³Ï³Ý üÇÉÇ÷ سñÇÝÇ Ëûë»Éáí гÛáó ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ ùñ¿³Ï³Ý³óÝáÕ ûñÇݳ·ÇÍÇ Ù³ëÇÝ Áë³Í ¿,- ¦üñ³Ýë³ÛÇ ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³Ý¿Ý Ý»ñë Ý»ñϳ۳óáõ³Í ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñÁª »õ ݳËÏÇÝ Ý³Ë³·³Ñ ê³ñùá½ÇÇ »õ ÝáñÁÝïÇñ ݳ˳·³Ñ úɳÝïÇ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇóÝ»ñÁ, ÝϳïÇ ³éÝ»Éáí üñ³Ýë³ÛÇ ê³Ñٳݳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ÊáñÑáõñ¹Ç áñáßÙ³Ý Ù¿ç ³Ùñ³·ñáõ³Í ݳËÏÇÝ ûñÇݳ·ÍÇ í»ñ³µ»ñ»³É ³é³ñÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ, »ñµ Ó»õ³õáñáõÇ üñ³Ýë³ÛÇ Ýáñ ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³ÝÁ, åÇïÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»Ý Ýáñ ûñÇݳ·ÇÍ, áñ Çñ³õ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³Ï¿ïáí å¿ïù ¿ ÁÉÉ³Û ³Ý³é³ñÏ»ÉÇ: ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ ¿ª ûñ¿Ýë¹ñûñ¿Ý å³ïÅ»É ³ÝáÝó, áñáÝù üñ³Ýë³ÛÇ ï³ñ³ÍùÇÝ ÏÁ ÅËï»Ý гÛáó ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ§: ÜáÛÝ áñÁ, ýñ³Ýë³óÇ Í»ñ³Ïáõï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñáõ å³ïáõÇñ³ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ ÁݹáõÝáõ³Í ¿ ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÇ ÏáÕÙ¿: ¦Ü³Ë³·³ÑÁ áÕçáõÝ»É »õ µ³ñÓñ ¿ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É üñ³Ýë³ÛÇ ë»Ý³ïáñÝ»ñÇ ³ÛóÁ ²ñó³Ë: гÝñ³å»ïáõû³Ý Õ»Ï³í³ ñÇ Ñ³Ùá½Ù³Ùµ, ³ñó³Ë»³Ý ÑÇÙݳËݹñÇ Ñ³Ý·áõó³ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ï³ñ»õáñ³·áÛÝ Ý³Ë³å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¿ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýñáõû³Ý ³Ý³ã³é »õ ѳٳÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ ï»Õ»Ï³óáõ³ÍáõÃÇõÝÁ ÑÇÙݳËݹñÇݧ, - Áëáõ³Í ¿ ݳ˳·³ÑÇ Ù³ÙáõÉÇ ·ñ³ë»Ý»³ÏÇÝ ÏáÕÙ¿ ³Ûë ³éÃÇõ ï³ñ³Íáõ³Í ѳÕáñ¹³·ñáõû³Ý Ù¿ç: Ì»ñ³Ïáõï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ Çñ»Ýó Ñ»ñÃÇÝ Ýß³Í »Ý, áñ ³ÛÅÙ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝûñ¿Ý ÏÁ ïÇñ³å»ï»Ý È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ Ñ³Ï³Ù³ñïáõû³Ý å³ïÙáõû³Ý »õ Ñ»ï»õ»Éáí ϳñ·³õáñÙ³Ý µ³Ý³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝóóÇÝ, ÏÿáÕçáõÝ»Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ï³éáõóáÕ³Ï³Ý Ùûï»óáõÙÁ:

²ØºðÆβÚÆ äºî²Î²Ü ¶ð²êºÜº²ÎÆ î²ðºÎ²Ü ¼ºÎàÚòÀª вÚàôº²Ü вزð àâ Üä²êî²ôàð Ødzó»³É ܳѳݷݻñáõ ä»ï³Ï³Ý ¶ñ³ë»Ý»³ÏÁ Ññ³å³ñ³Ï»ó ³ß˳ñÑÇ ï³ñµ»ñ »ñÏÇñÝ»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç Ù³ñ¹áõ Çñ³õáõÝùÝ»ñáõ í»ñ³µ»ñ»³É 2011 Ãáõ³Ï³ÝÇ Çñ ½»ÏáÛóÁ, áõñ Ï³Û È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ í»ñ³µ»ñ»³Éª ѳÛáõû³Ý ѳٳñ áã Ýå³ëï³õáñ µ³ÅÇÝ: È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ Ñ³ïáõ³ÍÇÝ Ù¿ç Áëáõ³Í ¿. ¦¾ÃÝÇÏ Ñ³Û ³Ýç³ïáճϳÝÝ»ñÁ, г۳ëï³ÝÇ ³ç³Ïóáõû³Ùµ ÏÁ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»Ý í»ñ³ÑëÏ»É È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ »õ Û³ñ³ÏÇó 7 ³ïñå¿Û×³Ý³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ§:

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¼»ÏáÛóÇ ³Ûë ѳïáõ³ÍÇ í»ñ³µ»ñ»³É г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ùûï ²ØÜ ¹»ëå³Ý³ïáõÝÁ ý¿ÛëåáõùÇ Çñ å³ßïûÝ³Ï³Ý ¿çÇÝ íñ³Û Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³Í ¿ ѳÕáñ¹³·ñáõÃÇõÝ ÙÁ, áõñ Ïÿ³Ý¹ñ³¹³éÝ³Û å»ï³Ï³Ý ù³ñïáõÕ³ñáõû³Ý ½»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ù¿ç ï»Õ ·ï³Í Ó»õ³Ï»ñåáõÙÇÝ: ¦È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ Ù³ëÇÝ 2011-Ç Ø³ñ¹áõ Çñ³õáõÝùÝ»ñáõ ½»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ù¿ç Ý»ñϳ۳óáõ³Í ß³ñ³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ÏÁ µËÇ µáÉáñ »ñÏÇñÝ»ñáõ í»ñ³µ»ñ»³É ½»ÏáÛóÇ å³ïñ³ëïÙ³Ý Ù»ñ áõÕ»ÝÇßÝ»ñ¿Ý: ²ÛÝ áñ»õ¿ Ï»ñåáí ãÇ Ï³ÝËáñáß»ñ º²ÐÎ ØÇÝëÏÇ ËáõÙµÇ ßñç³·ÇÍ¿Ý Ý»ñë г۳ëï³ÝÇ »õ ²ïñå¿Û׳ÝÇ ÙÇç»õ È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ µ³Ý³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝóóÇ ³ñ¹ÇõÝùÁ: ¦Ø»Ýù ÏÁ ß³ñáõݳϻÝù å³ßïå³Ý»É áõÅÇ ÏÇñ³éÙ³Ý Ï³Ù áõÅÇ ÏÇñ³éÙ³Ý ëå³éݳÉÇùÇ µ³ó³éÙ³Ý, ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ³ÙµáÕç³Ï³Ýáõû³Ý, ѳõ³ë³ñ Çñ³õáõÝùÝ»ñáõ »õ ³½·»ñáõ ÇÝùÝáñáßÙ³Ý Ð»ÉëÇÝù»³Ý »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã áõËïÇ ëϽµáõÝùÝ»ñÁ‘ áñå¿ë È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ Ñ³Ï³Ù³ñïáõû³Ý ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÑÇÙݳñ³ñ ï³ññ»ñ§,-Áëáõ³Í ¿ ¹»ëå³Ý³ï³Ý Û³Ûï³ñ³ñáõû³Ý Ù¿ç: ¼»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ù¿ç г۳ëï³ÝÇ í»ñ³µ»ñ»³É Áëáõ³Í ¿, áñ »ñÏñ¿Ý Ý»ñë áïݳѳñáõ³Í »Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ ÁÝïñáõû³Ùµ ÷áË»Éáõ, ËûëùÇ »õ Ù³ÙáõÉÇ ³½³ïáõÃÇõÝÁ, ÇÝãå¿ë ݳ»õ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ³ÝÏ³Ë Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ· áõݻݳÉáõ‘ ù³Õ³ù³óÇÝ»ñáõ Çñ³õáõÝùÝ»ñÁ: ¼»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ù¿ç Áëáõ³Í ¿ áñ, Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáí, Ù³ëݳõáñ³å¿ë Ñ»éáõëï³ï»ëáõû³Ùµ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñáõ µ³½Ù³½³Ýáõû³Ý »õ ³é³ñÏ³Û³Ï³Ý Éáõë³µ³ÝÙ³Ý ³éáõÙáí ÏÁ ÙÝ³Û Ã»ñÇ: γé³í³ñáõÃÇõÝÁ ùñ¿³å¿ë å³ïÅ»ÉÇ ³ñ³ñùÝ»ñáõ ó³ÝÏ¿Ý Ñ³Ý³Í ¿ ½ñå³ñïáõÃÇõÝÝ áõ íÇñ³õáñ³ÝùÁ, µ³Ûó Ýáñ áõ ³õ»ÉÇ µ³ñÓñ ïáõ·³ÝùÝ»ñ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³Í ¿, áñáÝù Éñ³·ñáÕÝ»ñáõÝ »õ Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáõÝ ÏÁ ëïÇå»Ý ÇÝùݳ·ñ³ùÝÝáõÃÇõÝ ÙïóÝ»É: ¼»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ù¿ç Áݹ·Íáõ³Í »Ý ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·Ç ûñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ, Ù³ëݳõáñ³å¿ë ³ÛÝ ÷³ëïÁ, áñ ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ·áñͳ¹Çñ Çß˳Ýáõû³Ý ѳٳñ ÏÁ ÙÝ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ×ÝßÙ³Ý ·áñÍÇù: ¼»ÏáÛóÁ ÏÁ Û³ÛïÝ¿ ݳ»õ áñ, áëïÇϳÝáõÃÇõÝÁ Í»Í³Í ¿ ù³Õ³ù³óÇÝ»ñáõÝ Ó»ñµ³Ï³ÉáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ »õ ѳñó³ùÝÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ųٳݳÏ: Æß˳ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï³Í »Ý Ó»ñµ³Ï³É»É »õ µ»ñÙ³Ý »ÝóñÏ»É Ï³ëϳͻÉÇÝ»ñáõÝ, ³é³Ýó ÑÇÙݳõáñ ϳëϳÍÝ»ñáõ »õ µ»ñÙ³Ý »ÝóñÏ³Í »Ý Ù³ñ¹ÇϪ Çñ»Ýó Áݹ¹ÇÙ³¹Çñ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý å³ïϳݻÉáõû³Ý ϳ٠ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõû³Ý ѳٳñ: ¼»ÏáÛóÇ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÁ Áݹ·Í³Í »Ý, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Çß˳ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï³Í »Ý ¹³õ³Ý³ÝùÇ ³½³ïáõÃÇõÝÁ áñáß ËáõÙµ»ñáõ ѳٳñ:

§Ð²Ú-Âðø²Î²Ü ¶àðÌÀܲòÀ ²Ø´àÔæàìÆÜ Ø²Ð²ò²Ì ⾦,Àê²Ì ¾ ÂàôðøÆàÚ Ü²Ê²¶²ÐÀ ÂáõñùÇáÛ Ý³Ë³·³Ñ ²åïáõÉÉ³Ñ ÎÇõÉ ÞÇù³ÏáÛÇ Ù¿ç ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Í ܲÂú-Ç ·³·³Ã³ÅáÕáíÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏó»É¿ »ïù, ³Ûó»É³Í ¿ ê³Ý üñ³ÝëÇëùû: ì»ñ³¹³ñÓÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ ³Ý û¹³Ý³õÇÝ Ù¿ç å³ï³ëË³Ý³Í ¿ Éñ³·ñáÕÝ»ñáõ ß³ñù ÙÁ ѳñó»ñáõÝ‘ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³éݳÉáí ݳ»õ ѳÛÃñù³Ï³Ý Û³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ: ¦Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ»ï Û³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ÝáñٳɳóÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ ³ÙµáÕçáõû³Ùµ ٳѳó³Í ã»Ù ѳٳñ»ñ: Ø»Ýù ɳÛݳͳõ³É ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ ÏÁ ϳï³ñ»Ýù »õ áñáß å»ï³Ï³Ý »õ ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ ïáõ³Í »Ýù Û³ÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ »õ ³ÝáÝù ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ ÏÁ ï³ÝÇݧ,- Áë³Í ¿ ݳ˳·³Ñ ÎÇõÉ: ÂáõñùÇáÛ Ý³Ë³·³ÑÁ Û³ÛïÝ³Í ¿ ݳ»õ, ÿ ê³Ý üñ³ÝëÇëùáÛÇ Ù¿ç ÇÝù áõÝ»ó³Í ¿ ß³ñù ÙÁ ѳݹÇåáõÙÝ»ñ, áñáÝó Ý»ñÏ³Û »Õ³Í »Ý ݳ»õ ø³ÉÇýáñÝdz µÝ³ÏáÕ Ñ³Û»ñ: ¦Ð³Û»ñÁ, áñáÝù µ³ñÓñ å³ßïûÝÝ»ñ ÏÁ ½µ³Õ»óÝ»Ý ê³Ý üñ³ÝëÇëùáÛÇ Ù¿ç, ç»ñÙ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÇõÝ óáÛó ïáõÇÝ Ù»½Ç »õ ÁëÇÝ, áñ áõñ³Ë »Ý Ù»ñ ³ÛóÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ§, - Áëï Ãñù³Ï³Ý Ù³ÙáõÉÇÝ Áë³Í ¿ ²åïáõÉÉ³Ñ ÎÇõÉ:

´ÐÎ-Ü Üä²î²Î²Ú²ðزð âÆ ¶îÜàôØ Ø²êܲÎòºÈ Îà²ÈÆòÆàÜ Î²è²ì²ðàôº²Ü ¦´³ñ·³õ³× г۳ëï³Ý§ Ïáõë³Ïóáõû³Ý ³é³çÝáñ¹ ¶³·ÇÏ Ì³éáõÏ»³ÝÁ Û³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É ¿, áñ Çñ ջϳí³ñ³Í ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý áõÅÁ Ýå³ï³Ï³Û³ñÙ³ñ ãÇ ·ïÝáõÙ Ù³ëݳÏó»É Ïá³ÉÇóÇáÝ Ï³é³í³ñáõû³Ý Ó»õ³õáñÙ³ÝÁ: ¦ÀÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÇõÝùÝ»ñáí‘ ´ÐÎ-Ý ãáõÝÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÇõÝ Ó»õ³õáñ»Éáõ »õ Çñ Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Éáõ ë³Ñٳݳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ñݳñ³õáñáõÃÇõݧ, - ¦²½³ïáõÃÇõݧ é³¹Çáϳ۳ÝÇÝ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõ³Í Û³Ûï³ñ³ñáõû³Ý ·ñ³õáñ ï»ùëïáõÙ ³ë»É ¿ ̳éáõÏ»³ÝÁ: - ¦ºÉÝ»Éáí í»ñÁ Ýß»³ÉÇó‘ »ë å³ßïûݳå¿ë Û³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÙ »Ù, áñ ¦´³ñ·³õ³× г۳ëï³Ý§ Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ Ýå³ï³Ï³Û³ñÙ³ñ ãÇ ·ïÝáõÙ Ù³ëݳÏó»É Ïá³ÉÇóÇáÝ Ï³é³í³ñáõû³Ý Ó»õ³õáñÙ³ÝÁ§: ÚÇß»óÝ»Ýù, سÛÇëÇ 6-ÇÝ Ï³Û³ó³Í ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÇõÝùáõÙ ÑÇÝ·»ñáñ¹ ·áõÙ³ñÙ³Ý ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÅáÕáíÇ 131 ï»ÕÇó 69-Á µ³ÅÇÝ ¿ñ ÁÝÏ»É ÇßËáÕ Ð³Ýñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý Ïáõë³Ïóáõû³ ÝÁ, 37-Áª ´ÐÎ-ÇÝÁ, 7-Áª Ð³Û ³½·³ÛÇÝ ÏáÝ·ñ¿ëÇÝ, 6-³Ï³Ýª ÐÚ¸-ÇÝ »õ úºÎÇÝ, 5 ٳݹ³ïª ¦Ä³é³Ý·áõû³ÝÁ§:

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êàôðÆ²Î²Ü ´²Ü²ÎÆÜ Ø¾æ ̲è²ÚàÔ ÀÜÎ. ȺôàÜ ¶àôÚàôØÖº²Ü ܲвî²Îàô²Ì ¾ Âðø²Î²Ü ê²ÐزÜÆÜ Øúî

êáõñÇáÛ Ù¿ç ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»óáÕ µ³ËáõÙÝ»ñáõÝ ½áѪ ÀÝÏ. È»õáÝ ¶áõÛáõÙ×»³Ý سÛÇë 29-ÇÝ, Âñù³Ï³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇÝ Ùûï ·ïÝáõáÕ, гɿå¿Ý áã Ñ»éáõ ä³å ²É-гáõ³ ßñç³ÝÇÝ Ù¿ç, ëáõñÇ³Ï³Ý µ³Ý³ÏÇ çáϳïÝ»ñ¿Ý ÙÇÝ, ³Ý³ÏÝÏ³É Û³ñÓ³ÏáõÙÇ »ÝóñÏáõ³Í ¿ ³åëï³Ùµ áõÅ»ñáõ ÏáÕÙ¿: î»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Í µ³ËáõÙÝ»ñáõ ÁÝóóùÇÝ ½áÑáõ³Í ¿ ݳ»õ ¸³Ù³ëÏáëÇ ê¸ÐÎ ³Ý¹³Ù ÀÝÏ»ñ È»õáÝ ¶áõÛáõÙ×»³Ý: 20-³Ù»³Û È»õáÝÇ Ù³ÑÁ áã ÙdzÛÝ óÝó³Í ¿ Çñ ·³Õ³÷³ñ³ÏÇó ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÉ ³ÙµáÕç ëáõñdzѳÛáõû³Ý, áñ ³Ûë ûñ»ñáõÝ ÏÁ ·ïÝáõÇ ËÇëï Ùï³Ñá· íÇ׳ÏÇ Ù¿ç, »ñÏñ¿Ý Ý»ñë ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»óáÕ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÝ»ñáõ ÉáÛëÇÝ ï³Ï: È»õáÝ ¶áõÛáõÙ×»³Ý »ññáñ¹ Ñ³Û »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹Ý ¿ áñ ÏÁ ½áÑáõÇ, ëáõñÇáÛ Ù¿ç ßáõñç ï³ñÇ¿ ÙÁ ³õ»ÉÇ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»óáÕ ¹¿åù»ñáõÝ Ñ»ï»õ³Ýùáí:

ºÊÊì-Æ Ú²ÜÒܲÊàôØ´À ¸Ä¶àÐàôÂÆôÜ ÎÀ Ú²Úîܾ ÀÜîðàôÂÆôÜܺðàôÜ ìºð²´ºðº²È

ä³ñáÝáõÑÇ ¾ÙÙ³ ÜÇùÁÉëáÝ ²Éå³ÝÇáÛ Ù³Ûñ³ù³Õ³ù ÂÇñ³Ý³ÛÇ Ù¿ç ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Í ¿ ºõñáå³ÛÇ ÊáñÑáõñ¹Ç ÊáñÑñ¹³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý ì»Ñ³ÅáÕáíÇ (ºÊÊì) ÙݳÛáõÝ Û³ÝÓݳÅáÕáíÇ Ñ»ñÃ³Ï³Ý ÝÇëïÁ, áñáõ ÁÝóóùÇÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõ³Í ¿ سÛÇëÇ 6-ÇÝ Ï³Û³ó³Í г۳ëï³ÝÇ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ í»ñ³µ»ñ»³É ºÊÊì ¹Çïáñ¹³Ï³Ý ³é³ù»Éáõû³Ý ½»ÏáÛóÁ: ¼»ÏáÛóÇ µáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ µ³õ³Ï³Ý Ïáßï ¿: ²Ý ϳ½Ùáõ³Í ¿ ºÊÊì ¹Çïáñ¹³Ï³Ý å³ïáõÇñ³Ïáõû³Ý ջϳí³ñ‘ ºõñ³ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³ÝÇ å³ï·³Ù³õáñ, Ø»Í ´ñÇï³ÝÇ³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáÕ å³ñáÝáõÑÇ ¾ÙÙ³ ÜÇùÁÉëáÝ ·É˳õáñ³Í ¹Çïáñ¹³Ï³Ý ³é³ù»Éáõû³Ý ÏáÕÙ¿, سÛÇëÇ 6-ÇÝ Ï³ï³ñáõ³Í ¹Çï³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñáõ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³Û: ¼»ÏáÛóÇ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÁ ÏÁ Û³ÛïÝ»Ý, áñ ÐÐ ë³Ñٳݳ¹ñáõÃÇõÝÁ Ïÿ»ñ³ß˳õáñ¿ ÅáÕáíñ¹³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ѳٳñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ÑÇÙݳñ³ñ Çñ³õáõÝùÝ»ñÝ áõ ³½³ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ, ÙÇ»õÝáÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ï³Ý áñáß ËݹÇñÝ»ñ, Ù³ëݳõáñ³å¿ë ϳåáõ³Í ûÏݳÍáõÝ»ñáõ ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý Ñ»ï, áñáÝù ã»Ý ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݻñ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ã³÷³ÝÇß»ñáõÝ:

4

Àëï ½»ÏáÛóÇÝ, г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ýáñ ÀÝïñ³Ï³Ý ûñ¿Ýë·ÇñùÁ, ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³éٳٵ Ïÿ³å³Ñáí¿ ÅáÕáíñ¹³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ³ÝóϳóÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ûñ¿Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙùÁ: ²Û¹áõѳݹ»ñÓ, ½»ÏáÛóÁ ÏÁ Ýß¿, áñ ÀÝïñ³Ï³Ý ûñ¿Ýë·ÇñùÇ ¦³ñ¹³ñ áõ å³ïß³× ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ§ ÝáÛÝù³Ý ϳñ»õáñ ¿, áñù³Ý ³Ýáñ µáõÝ ³éϳÛáõû³Ý ÷³ëïÁ: ¦´áÉáñ Áݹ¹ÇÙ³¹Çñ Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ËÇëï Ùï³Ñá·áõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ Û³ÛïÝ»óÇÝ ÁÝïñ³óáõó³ÏÝ»ñáõ áñ³ÏÇ Ñ»ï ϳåáõ³Í (áõé׳óáõ³Í ÃÇõ»ñ, ٳѳó³Í ³ÝѳïÝ»ñáõ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ, ÙÇ»õÝáÛÝ Ñ³ëó¿ÇÝ ·ñ³Ýóáõ³Í, µ³Ûó »ñµ»ÙÝ ÷³ëï³óÇ ·áÛáõÃÇõÝ ãáõÝ»óáÕ ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñáõ µ³ñÓñ ù³Ý³ÏÁ)§, - Áëáõ³Í ¿ ÷³ëï³ÃÕÃÇÝ Ù¿ç: ¼»ÏáÛóÁ ݳ»õ Ï°³Ý¹ñ³¹³éÝ³Û ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñáõ ÃÇõÇ Ñ³ñóÇÝ: ¦Â¿»õ ÅáÕáíñ¹³·ñ³Ï³Ý µáÉáñ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ ÏÁ íÏ³Û»Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ù¿ç µÝ³Ïãáõû³Ý ÃÇõÇ Ýáõ³½áõÙÇ Ù³ëÇÝ, ÁÝïñ³óáõó³ÏÝ»ñáõ íñ³Û Áݹ·ñÏáõ³Í ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñáõ ÃÇõÁ ѳݹÇë³ó³Í ¿ ÙÇ³Ï ÅáÕáíñ¹³·ñ³Ï³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÁ, áñ 2008 Ãáõ³Ï³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï ³×³Í ¿ 157 ѳ½³ñáí§,- Áëáõ³Í ¿ ½»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ù¿ç: ¼»ÏáÛóÁ ݳ»õ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³Í ¿ ÁÝïñ³óáõó³ÏÝ»ñáõ íñ³Û ³Ý×ß¹áõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ, ÁÝïñ³Ï³ß³éùÇ µ³Å³ÝÙ³Ý, ÁÝïñ³Ï»Õͳñ³ñáõû³Ý Ýå³ëïáÕ ³ÝÓݳ·ñ»ñáõ ïñ³Ù³¹ñÙ³Ý »õ ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñáõ ³Ñ³µ»ÏÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ åݹáõÙÝ»ñáõÝ: ²Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ Ï³Û Ý³»õ, ÇßËáÕ Ïáõë³Ïóáõû³Ý ÏáÕÙ¿ í³ñã³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáõ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ: ºÊÊì-Ç Ùûï ÐÐ å³ïáõÇñ³Ïáõû³Ý ջϳí³ñ, ²Ä å³ï·³Ù³õáñ ¸³õÇà ڳñáõÃÇõÝ»³Ý ½³ñÙ³Ýù Û³ÛïÝ»ó ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ í»ñ³µ»ñ»³É ºÊÊì ¹Çïáñ¹³Ï³Ý ³é³ù»Éáõû³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ï³å³óáõû³Ùµ: ¦²Ûë ÏáÕÙÝ³Ï³É »õ ³Ý³ñ¹³ñ ½»ÏáÛóÇ íݳëÝ»ñáõ ³½¹»óáõÃÇõÝÁ Ýáõ³½»óÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ »ë Édz½ûñáõ³Í »Ù å³ßïûݳå¿ë Ññ³õÇñ»É º²ÐÎ/ÄÐØƶ-ÇÝ‘ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É Û»ïÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý ³é³ù»ÉáõÃÇõÝ‘ ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñÇ óáõó³ÏÝ»ñÇ ³Ý×ß¹áõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ í»ñëïáõ·»Éáõ ѳٳñ§,- Û³Ûï³ñ³ñ»ó ¸³õÇà ڳñáõÃÇõÝ»³Ý:

ÚàìÆÎ ²´ð²Ð²Øº²ÜÀ ÎðÎÆÜ ÎÀ Ժβì²ðÆ ²¼¶²ÚÆÜ ÄàÔàìÀ

²½·³ÛÇÝ ÅáÕáíÇ Ý³ËÏÇÝ »õ Ýáñ ݳ˳·³Ñª ÚáíÇÏ ²µñ³Ñ³Ù»³Ý سÛÇë 30-ÇÝ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É ÇßËáÕ Ð³Ýñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý Ïáõë³Ïóáõû³Ý (ÐÐÎ) ·áñͳ¹Çñ Ù³ñÙÝÇ »õ ËáñÑñ¹Ç ÝÇëï»ñÁ: ÆÝãå¿ë ï»Õ»Ï³óñ»ó ÐÐÎ ËûëÝ³Ï ¾¹áõ³ñ¹ Þ³ñÙ³½³ÝáíÁ, гÝñ³å»ï³Ï³ÝÁ áñáᯐ ¿, áñ ÑÇÝ·»ñáñ¹ ·áõÙ³ñÙ³Ý ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÅáÕáíÁ ÏÁ ջϳí³ñÇ ²Ä ݳËÏÇÝ Ý³Ë³·³Ñ ÚáíÇÏ ²µñ³Ñ³Ù»³ÝÁ, ÇëÏ ÐÐÎ-³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ ¾¹áõ³ñ¹ Þ³ñÙ³½³ÝáíÁ »õ лñÙÇÝ¿ ܳչ³É»³ÝÁ ÏÁ ÉÇÝ»Ý ²Ä ÷áËݳ˳·³ÑÝ»ñÁ: Þ³ñÙ³½³ÝáíÇ Ëûëùáíª ÐÐÎ ·áñͳ¹Çñ Ù³ñÙÝÇ »õ ËáñÑñ¹Ç ÝÇëïáõÙ ·áñͳ¹Çñ Çß˳Ýáõû³Ý ѳñóÁ ãÇ ùÝݳñÏáõ»É: ²Û¹ ѳñóÁ ÏÁ ùÝݳñÏáõÇ ÐÐÎ-Ç ·áñͳ¹Çñ Ù³ñÙÝÇ Û³çáñ¹ ÝÇëïáõÙ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ Þ³ñٳݳ½³ÝáíÁ Ýß»ó, áñ ϳé³í³ñáõÃÇõÝáõÙ ¿³Ï³Ý ÷á÷áËáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ ã»Ý ÉÇÝÇ: ÐÐÎ-Ý ÝáÛÝ áñ ݳ»õ Ïá³ÉÇóÇáÝ Ûáõß³·Çñ ëïáñ³·ñ»ó ¦úñÇݳó »ñÏÇñ§ Ïáõë³Ïóáõû³Ý Ñ»ï: ¦ø³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý Ïá³ÉÇódzÛÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³Ûݳ·Çñ§ í»ñݳ·ñáí ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃÁ ëïáñ³·ñ»óÇÝ ÐÐΠջϳí³ñ, г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ý³Ë³·³Ñ ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÁ »õ ¦úñÇݳó »ñÏñǧ ³é³çÝáñ¹ ²ñÃáõñ ´³Õ¹³ë³ñ»³ÝÁ ÐÐÎ-Ç Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ·ñ³ë»Ý»³ÏáõÙ:

5

¦ø³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý Ïá³ÉÇóÇ³Ý í»ñ³Ñ³ëï³ïáõÙ ¿ ³é³çÇÏ³Û Ý³Ë³·³Ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ٠ݳ˳·³ÑÇ ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝǪ ÙdzëÝ³Ï³Ý Ã»ÏݳÍáõáí ѳݹ¿ë ·³Éáõ áñáßáõÙÁ§, - ³ëáõ³Í ¿ ѳٳӳÛݳ·ñÇ ï»ùëïáõÙ: Îá³ÉÇóÇáÝ Ñ³Ù³Ó³Ûݳ·ÇñÁ ·áñÍáõÙ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÑÇÝ·»ñá¹ ·áõÙ³ñÙ³Ý ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÅáÕáíÇ Édz½ûñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ:

ºðÎàô ¼àÐ ºðºô²ÜÆ §¾ÈºÎîðàܦ ¶àð̲ð²ÜàôØ îºÔÆ àôܺò²Ì ä²ÚÂÆôÜÆ Ðºîºô²Üøàì

¦¿É»Ïïñáݧ ·áñͳñ³ÝÇ ÷ɳï³Ï ß¿ÝùÁª å³ÛÃÇõÝ¿Ý »ïù ºñ»õ³ÝÇ Þ³ñáõñÇ 37 ѳëó¿áõÙ ·ïÝáõáÕ ¦¿É»Ïïñáݧ ·áñͳñ³Ýáõ٠سÛÇë 29-ÇÝ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Í å³ÛÃÇõÝÇ »õ ÷Éáõ½Ù³Ý Ñ»ï»õ³Ýùáí »ñÏáõ Ù³ñ¹ ¿ ½áÑáõ»É: ²ñï³Ï³ñ· Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÝ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõû³Ý ѳÕáñ¹³·ñáõû³Ý ѳٳӳÛÝ, ¹¿åùÇ í³Ûñ »Ý Ù»ÏÝ»É Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõû³Ý ַݳųٳÛÇÝ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ ûå»ñ³ïÇõ ËáõÙµÁ, »ñ»ù Ù³ñï³Ï³Ý ѳßáõ³ñÏ »õ ÷ñϳñ³ñ áõÅ»ñÇ í³ñãáõû³Ý »ñÏáõ ÷ñϳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý çáϳï: ¸¿åùÇ í³ÛñáõÙ ¿ñ ݳ»õ ³ñï³Ï³ñ· Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÝ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ ²ñÙ¿Ý ºñÇó»³ÝÁ: ܳ˳ñ³ñÁ ¦²½³ïáõÃÇõݧ é³¹Çáϳ۳ÝÇÝ ³ë³ó, áñ ·áñͳñ³ÝÇ ïÝûñ¿ÝÇ ÷á˳Ýóٳٵ, ÷ɳï³ÏÝ»ñÇ ï³Ï »Ý Ùݳó»É ³ñï³¹ñ³Ù³ëÇ í³ñÇãÝ »õ Ýñ³ ï»Õ³Ï³ÉÁ: 67-³Ù»³Û æ³Ýǵ¿Ï سñïÇñá뻳ÝÁ, áí ͳÝñ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ï»Õ³÷áËáõ»É ¿ ¦¾ñ»µáõÝǧ µÅßÏ³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ, ٳѳó»É ¿ ÑÇõ³Ý¹³ÝáóáõÙ: ÆëÏ 64-³Ù»³Û ²½Ç½µ»Ï ´³ñë³Ù»³ÝÁ ٳѳó»É ¿ ï»ÕáõÙ: îÝûñ¿ÝÇ Ëûëùáí, ³ñï³¹ñ³Ù³ëáõÙ ³ÛÉ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ ã»Ý »Õ»É: ²ñÙ¿Ý ºñÇó»³ÝÁ ³ë³ó ݳ»õ, áñ å³ÛÃÇõÝÇ »õ ¹ñ³Ý Ñ»ï»õ³Í ÷Éáõ½Ù³Ý å³ï׳éÝ»ñÁ ¹»é ã»Ý å³ñ½áõ»É: ¸¿åùÇ ³éÇÃáí Û³ñáõóáõ»É ¿ ùñ¿³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ: гñóÇÝ, ÿ ÇÝãáõ »Ý »Ï»É ݳ»õ ä³ßïå³Ýáõû³Ý ݳ˳ñ³ ñ³ñáõû³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÁ, ݳ˳ñ³ñ³Á å³ï³ë˳ݻó. - ¦ä³ßïå³Ýáõû³Ý ݳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÇõÝÁ ÝáÛÝå¿ë å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ áõÝÇ, ÉÇó»Ý½Ç³Ûáí áñáß³ÏÇ µ³Ý»ñ ¿ ³ñbï³¹ñáõÙ§:

MOODY’S. Բ𲴲ÔÆ Ð²ðòÀ‘ §â²ö²ôàð¦ êä²èܲÈÆø ²¸ð´ºæ²ÜÆ Moody’s í³ñϳÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÇõÝÁ Õ³ñ³µ³Õ»³Ý ѳϳٳñïáõû³Ý í»ñëÏëÙ³Ý Ñ³õ³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ µÝáõó·ñ»É ¿ áñå¿ë ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇÝ ëå³éݳóáÕ ¦ã³÷³õáñ§ íï³Ý·: ¦²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇÝ ßÝáñÑáõ³Í Baa3 í³ñϳÝÇßÁ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ÑÇÙÝáõ³Í ¿ ³Û¹ »ñÏñÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõû³Ý ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý µ³ñÓñ Ý»ñáõÅÇ íñ³Û, áñÇ ÑÇÙùáõÙ ÁÝÏ³Í ¿ í»ñçÇÝ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ Ý³õóÛÇÝ »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ³Ýݳ˳¹¿å ³×Á§, - ³ëáõ³Í ¿ ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇ í»ñ³µ»ñ»³É ï³ñ»Ï³Ý

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õ³Ýùáí ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÇ é»ÅÇÙÁ Çõñ³óñ»É ¿ Çß˳ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ, áõ ÿ»õ ѳٳӳÛÝ å³ßïûÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÇõÝùÝ»ñÇ ïÇñ³å»ïáõÙ ¿ ٳݹ³ïÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³ñÓ³Ï Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõû³ÝÁ, ³ÛÝ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇõ, ·Çï³ÏóáõÙ ¿ ë»÷³Ï³Ý áã É»·ÇïÇÙáõÃÇõÝÁ »õ ÷áñÓáõÙ ¿ ÅáÕáíñ¹Ç Çñ³Ï³Ý ³ç³Ïóáõû³Ý å³Ï³ëÁ ÷áËѳïáõó»É ³ÛÉ áõÅ»ñÇ, Ù³ëݳõáñ³å¿ë ¦´³ñ·³õ³× г۳ëï³Ý§-Ç Ñ»ï Ïá³ÉÇódz ϳ½Ù»Éáí§: вÎ-Ç Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áÕÁ ݳ»õ ϳñÍÇù Û³ÛïÝ»ó, ÿ ¦ÇßË³Ý³Ï³Ý ÙáÝáÉÇïÁ ëÏë»É ¿ ù³Ý¹áõ»É§. - ¦¦´³ñ·³õ³× г۳ëï³Ý§ Ïáõë³Ïóáõû³Ý áñáßáõÙÁ óáÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë, áñ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ý³Ëûñ¿ÇÝ ×³ù ïáõ³Í Çß˳Ýáõû³Ý ÙáÝáÉÇïÁ ù³Ý¹õáõÙ ¿: ºñÏñáõÙ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óáõÙÝ»ñÁ íϳÛáõÙ »Ý, áñ ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý Ïáõë³Ïóáõû³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ٻݳßÝáñÑÇ ù³Ûù³ÛÙ³ÝÝ áõÕÕáõ³Í Ð³Û ³½·³ÛÇÝ ÏáÝ·ñ¿ëÇ‘ ¹»é 2011 Ãáõ³Ï³ÝÇ ÐáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇÝ Û³Ûï³ñ³ñáõ³Í é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÇõÝÁ, ³Û¹ ÃõáõÙ‘ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ûñÇݳϳÝáõÃÇõÝÁ í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕ ÙdzëÝ³Ï³Ý ßï³µÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ ×ß·ñïûñ¿Ý ѳßáõ³ñÏ³Í ù³ÛÉ»ñ ¿ÇÝ, áñáÝù Ýå³ëïáõÙ »Ý é»ÅÇÙÇ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý Ù»Ïáõë³óÙ³ÝÁ§:

§êºðÄ ê²ð¶êº²ÜÀ ò²ÜβÜàôØ ¾ ¼ðÎºÈ ´ÐÎ-ÆÜ ì²ðâ²Î²Ü èºêàôðêÆò¦ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ù³Õ³ù³·¿ïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇáõû³Ý ݳ˳·³Ñ ÐÙ³Û»³Ï ÚáíѳÝÝÇ뻳ÝÁ, áí ÿ»õ å³ï·³Ù³õáñ ¿ñ ÁÝïñáõ»É ¦´³ñ·³õ³× г۳ëï³Ý§-Ç óáõó³Ïáí, µ³Ûó ûñ»ñë ÇÝùݳµ³ ó³ñÏÇ ¹ÇÙáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óñ»ó, ¦²½³ïáõÃÇõݧ é³¹Çáϳ۳ÝÇ Ñ»ï ½ñáÛóáõÙ ³ë³ó, áñ ³Û¹ ù³ÛÉÇÝ ¹ÇÙ»É ¿, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³Ûë ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³ÝÁ ¦÷áÕáí ¿ ÁÝïñáõ»É§: ´ÐÎ-Ç‘ Ïá³ÉÇódz ãÙïÝ»Éáõ áñáßÙ³Ý å³ï׳éÁ, ÚáíѳÝÝÇ뻳ÝÇ Ñ³Ùá½Ù³Ùµ, ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ë³Ï³ñÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõ٠ݳ˳·³Ñ ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÇ Ïáßï ¹ÇñùáñáßáõÙÝ ¿ »Õ»É: ÊûëùÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ í³ñã³å»ïÇÝ ÷áË»Éáõ ´ÐÎ-Ç å³Ñ³ÝçÇÝ, áñÇÝ Ý³Ë³·³ÑÁ ãÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ»É: ²õ»ÉÇÝ, ÚáíѳÝÝÇ뻳ÝÇ Ëûëùáí‘ ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÝ ³Ù¿Ý ÇÝã ³ñ»ó, áñå¿ë½Ç ¦´³ñ·³õ³× г۳ëï³Ý§-Á Ïá³ÉÇódz ãÙïÝÇ. - ¦²ÛÝåÇëÇ ïå³õáñáõÃÇõÝ ¿ ëï»ÕÍõáõÙ, áñ ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÁ ·Çï³Ïó³µ³ñ Ïáßï Ùûï»óáõÙ ¿ñ óáõó³µ»ñáõÙ ¦´³ñ·³õ³× г۳ëï³Ý§ Ïáõë³Ïóáõû³Ý ³ÝÏݳÉÇùÝ»ñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ‘ Ó·ï»Éáí ë³¹ñ»É ³Ñ³ ³Û¹ ѳݷáõó³ÉáõÍáõÙÁ: àñáí»ï»õ ݳ˳·³Ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇó ³é³ç ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÁ ó³ÝϳÝáõÙ ¿ ½ñÏ»É ´ÐÎ-Ý í³ñã³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÇó, ù³ÝÇ áñ ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ¦´³ñ·³õ³× г۳ëï³Ý§-Á, ïÇñ³å»ï»Éáí í³ñã³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÇ, Ùï³õ ß÷áõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù¿ç ³ñÙ³ï³Ï³Ý Áݹ¹ÇÙáõû³Ý Ñ»ï, »õ ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÁ µáÉáñ ÑÇÙù»ñÁ áõÝ¿ñ Ùï³Í»Éáõ, áñ ¹³ ϳñáÕ ¿ ÏñÏÝáõ»É ݳ»õ ݳ˳·³Ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï§: ø³Õ³ù³·¿ïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇáõû³Ý ݳ˳·³ÑÇ Ëûëùáí, Ïá³ÉÇódzÛÇ Ù¿ç ãÙïÝ»Éáí‘ ´ÐÎ-Ý ³é³ÛÅÙ áãÇÝã ãÇ ß³Ñ»É, Ïáñóñ»É ¿, µ³Ûó ëï»ÕÍ»É ¿ Û³çáÕáõû³Ý ѳëÝ»Éáõ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ݳ˳¹ñ»³É‘ ÇÝùÝáõñáÛÝ ·áñÍ»Éáõ Ñݳñ³õáñáõÃÇõÝ: гñóÇÝ, ÿ ³ñ¹»ûù ´ÐÎ-Ý Ñݳñ³õáñáõÃÇõÝ áõÝÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý ûÏݳÍáõáí ·Ý³É Ý³Ë³·³Ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇÝ, ÚáíѳÝÝÇ뻳ÝÁ ³ñÓ³·³Ýù»ó. - ¦¸³ ϳñÍ»ë »Ýó¹ñõáõÙ ¿: ºñÏáõ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÝ ¿É [èáµ»ñ¹ øáã³ñ»³ÝÇ Ï³Ù ì³ñ¹³Ý úëϳݻ³ÝÇ ³é³ç³¹ñáõÙÁ] ã»Ù µ³ó³éáõÙ§:

¶ÆôØðÆÆ §ø²Ô²øÀ غðÜ ¾¦ ÊàôØ´À زðî²Î²Ü ¾ îð²Ø²¸ðàô²Ì Àëï Ýáñ ÀÝïñ³Ï³Ý ûñ¿Ýë·ñùÇ, ¶ÇõÙñÇÇ ³õ³·³ÝÇÝ Ï³½Ùáõ³Í ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ áã ÿ 15, ³ÛÉ 21 Ñá·áõó: ¦ø³Õ³ùÁ Ù»ñÝ ¿§ ËÙµÇ Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáÕÝ»ñÁ ó³ÝϳÝáõÙ »Ý, áñ ³õ³·³ÝÇÝ‘ áñå¿ë ÇÝëïÇïáõï, г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ëÏëÇ Ý³Ë ³ß˳ï»É, ³å³»õ‘ ϳ۳ݳÉ: ¦²õ³·³Ýáõ 16 ï³ñáõ³Û ÷áñÓ³éáõÃÇõÝÁ Ù»ñ ù³Õ³ùáõÙ óáÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë, áñ ³õ³·³ÝÇÝ‘ áñå¿ë ÇÝùÝáõñáÛÝ ·áñÍûÝ, ·áÛáõÃÇõÝ ãáõÝÇ: ¸³ÏáõÙ ¿ ù³Õ³ù³å»ïÇ áñáßáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³·Í»ñÁ, ߳ѳ·ñ·Çé ã¿ ù³Õ³ùÇ Ñ³ñó»ñÇ ³ñÙ³ï³Ï³Ý ÉáõÍٳٵ§, - ¶ÇõÙñÇáõ٠ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõ³Í ùÝݳñÏÙ³ÝÁ ³ë³ó ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ ËÙµÇ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇó ÄáõéݳÉÇëïÝ»ñÇ ¦²ëå³ñ¿½§ ³ÏáõÙµÇ ËáñÑñ¹Ç ݳ˳·³Ñ È»õáÝ ´³ñë»Õ»³ÝÁ‘ ß³ñáõݳϻÉáí. - ¦ø³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáõû³ÝÁ áãÇÝã ã¿ñ ÙÝáõÙ ³Ý»Éáõ, ù³Ý ÷áË»É ³õ³·³ÝÇÝ ë»÷³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñáí, ë»÷³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓ³Ýóáí: Ø»Ýù Çñ³õáõÝù áõÝ»Ýù 16 ï³ñáõ³Û ã³ñã³ñ³ÝùÇó Û»ïáÛ ù³Õ³ùáõÙ áõÝ»Ý³É ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ³õ³·³ÝÇ, áñÁ ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ í»ñ»õáõÙ, ÇëÏ Ý»ñù»õáõÙ ÏÿáõÝ»Ý³Û ù³Õ³ù³å»ï »õ ù³Õ³ù³å»ï³ñ³Ý§: ¦Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ, ó³õûù ëñïÇ, µ³ó³ñӳϳå¿ë áã ÙÇ Ï³Û³ó³Í ³õ³·³ÝÇ ãϳÛ: ²Ûë ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÇõÝÁ ѳٳå»ï³Ï³Ý Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÇõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ ù³ÛÉ ¿, áñ ³Û¹ ÇÝëïÇïáõïÁ áõÝ»Ý³Û ³ÛÝ ï»ÕÁ, áñÁ å¿ïù ¿ áõݻݳۧ, - ³ë³ó ê³Ë³ñáíÇ ³Ýáõ³Ý سñ¹áõ Çñ³õáõÝùÝ»ñÇ å³ßïå³Ýáõû³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ ¶ÇõÙñÇÇ Ù³ëݳ×ÇõÕÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñ ê¿Ûñ³Ý سñïÇñá뻳ÝÁ‘ Û³õ»É»Éáí. ¦Ø»½ ³õ»ÉÇ ßáõï ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É , ÿ ÇÝãáõ »Ýù ³Ûëù³Ý å³ëÇõ, áã ÿ ÇÝãáõ »Ýù ³Ûëù³Ý ³ÏïÇõ§:

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ܳ˳ӻéÝáõû³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óñ³Í ³é³ç³ñÏÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³Û ϳ½Ùáõ³Í ³õ³·³Ýáõ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý óáõó³ÏáõÙ Áݹ·ñÏáõ³Í »Ý Ùûï »ñ»ù ï³ëÝ»³Ï ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñ: ²é³ç³ñÏ »Õ³õ, áñ ËáõÙµÁ áõÝ»Ý³Û ù³Õ³ù³å»ïÇ Çñ ûÏݳÍáõÝ Ï³Ù ë³ï³ñÇ ³é³ç³¹ñáõ»ÉÇù ûÏݳÍáõÝ»ñÇó á»õ¿ Ù¿ÏÇÝ: ¦Ø»ñ Ýå³ï³ÏÁ ³õ³·³ÝÇ áõݻݳÉÁ ã¿, Ù»ñ Ýå³ï³ÏÁ ³ß˳ïáÕ ³õ³·³ÝÇ áõݻݳÉÝ ¿§, - Û³Ûï³ñ³ñ»ó È»õáÝ ´³ñë»Õ»³ÝÁ: ܳ˳ӻéÝáÕ ËáõÙµÁ ü¿ÛëµáõùáõÙ ëï»ÕÍ»É ¿ ¦Üáñ ¶ÇõÙñǧ Ë áõÙµÁ, áñÁ ѳñóÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí ×ß¹áõÙ ¿ ù³Õ³ùÇ ·»ñ³Ï³Û Ë Ý¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ:

Prosperous Armenia Party Will Not Enter Into Coalition With the Republican Party YEREVAN -- The post-election political situation in Armenia took an unexpected turn Thursday when the Prosperous Armenia Party (PAP), President Serzh Sarkisian’s main partner in the outgoing ruling coalition, announced that it will not join a new government that will be formed soon.

PAP leader Gagik Tsarukian said that his party, the official runner-up in this month’s parliamentary elections, would not have sufficient power to deliver on “substantial changes” promised to Armenia if it were to become part of Sarkisian’s new cabinet.

“As a result of parliamentary elections, Prosperous Armenia Party has received nearly half a million votes. These people voted for PAP, trusting us and demanding real, visible changes in the socio-economic life. As a result of the elections PAP does not have a constitutional possibility to form the government and to implement its programs. Based on the above, I officially declare that it is not advisable for Prosperous Armenia Party to participate in the formation of a coalition government,” Tsarukian’s statement reads.

PAP got 30 percent votes as a result of the parliamentary elections and will possess 11 more seats (37 instead of 26 lawmakers) at the National Assembly of the fifth convocation.

Tsarukian pointed to his pre-election assurances that he will “cherish the people’s trust” even at the expense of personal “losses.” “The PAP will continue to play a weighty role in our country’s political life,” he added. “We will have a highly constructive, balancing role and participation in the country’s political-public life.”

The announcement followed more that two weeks of behind-the-scenes consultations reportedly held by the PAP and President Serzh Sarkisian’s Republican Party of Armenia (RPA). Coalition sources privy to those discussions said earlier this week that the two sides are close to striking a new power-sharing deal.

Tsarukian’s statement also did not specify whom his party will support in Armenia’s next presidential election due in February 2013. The PAP leader has been reluctant to publicly voice support for Sarkisian’s reelection plans.

Today’s announcement opens the door for speculation on whether former president Robert Kocharian – considered the “godfather” of PAP – will contest for president, as well as what role former Minister of Foreign Affairs Vartan Oskanian, who recently joined PAP will hold in the campaign that unofficially begins with today’s statement by Tsarukian.

US Secretary of State Clinton to Visit Armenia on June 4

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WASHINGTON, DC -- Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton will travel to Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Turkey from May 31-June 7. In Copenhagen, Denmark, Secretary Clinton will hold bilateral meetings with senior Danish officials. She will also participate in the kick-off event for Green Partnerships for Growth, a bilateral initiative to promote green technology through public and private sector partnerships.

The Secretary will travel to the Caucasus from June 4 to 7. In all these countries, she will discuss important issues of regional security, democracy, economic development and counterterrorism.

In Armenia on June 4, the Secretary will meet with President Sarkisian and other senior Armenian officials. She will also meet with Armenian civil society leaders.

While in Armenia, Secretary Clinton will discuss the State Department Annual Human Rights Report, according to Richard Giragosian, director of Regional Studies Center.

This year’s report, just like others, mentions about weaknesses and problems with state of human rights in Armenia.

“Armenia has already passed the test of elections. The elections could have been and should have been much better,” Giragosian said.

The expert is confident that during her visit Clinton will speak about the need to deepen reforms.

“The timing of the visit is interesting, we will already have a new parliament and see what the new coalition will look like,” he added.

On June 5, the Secretary will open the U.S.-Georgia Strategic Partnership Commission plenary session in Batumi, Georgia. She will meet also with President Saakashvili and hold discussions with a broad range of political actors and civil society representatives.

The Secretary will travel on June 6 to Azerbaijan to meet with President Aliyev as well as Azerbaijani civil society leaders.

On June 7, the Secretary will co-chair the Global Counterterrorism Forum Ministerial in Istanbul, Turkey and consult with senior Turkish officials on a range of foreign policy challenges, including Syria and Iran.

US State Department’s Report on Human Rights in Armenia

WASHINGTON, DC -- The most significant human rights problems in Armenia were limitations on citizens’ right to change their government, freedom of speech and press, and the independence of the judiciary, U.S. State Department said on Thursday.

In its annual reports on human rights practices around the world presented by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, the department also noted the release in May-June 2011 of the last Armenian

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opposition members remaining in prison on controversial charges stemming from the 2008 postelection unrest in Yerevan.

“The government released the remaining six opposition members detained in connection with the 2008 clashes between security forces and protesters disputing the outcome of the 2008 presidential election. Since April 28 the government began permitting demonstrations and opposition rallies in previously restricted areas of the capital city, and all were held without incident, although demonstrators from outside of Yerevan at times were impeded in their attempts to travel to rallies.

“The most significant human rights problems [in 2011] were limitations on citizens’ right to change their government, freedom of speech and press, and the independence of the judiciary,” reads the extensive report on Armenia.

“Courts remained subject to political pressure from the executive branch, and judges operated in a judicial culture that expected courts to find the accused guilty in almost every case,” it says, adding that only about 2 percent of individuals charged with various crimes were acquitted by Armenian courts last year. The acquittal rate stood at 0.9 percent in 2010.

The lack of judicial independence has long been linked with a widespread torture of detainees reported by local and international human rights groups.

“While the law prohibits such practices, members of the security forces continued to employ them regularly,” says the U.S. report. “Witnesses reported that police beat citizens during arrest and interrogation.”

According to the State Department, Armenian law-enforcement bodies investigated last year 35 complaints of police brutality and in about half of those cases police officers involved were subjected to disciplinary action. None of them was apparently prosecuted or fired.

“Authorities continued to arrest and detain criminal suspects without reasonable suspicion and to detain individuals arbitrarily due to their opposition political affiliations or political activities,” says the report.

The State Department also highlighted the authorities’ continuing strong influence on the news coverage of Armenian TV and radio stations. “Most stations were owned by politicians in the ruling party or politically connected businessmen and presented one-sided views of events,” it said.

Its report also points to an upsurge in libel lawsuits filed against media outlets over the course of 2011. “The government decriminalized libel and defamation but established high new civil fines that encouraged journalists and media outlets to practice self-censorship,” it says.

Armenia Marks 94th Anniversary of the First Republic

SARTARAPAT -- President Serzh Sarkisian, accompanied by His Holiness Karekin II, Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians, Speaker of Parliament Samvel Nikoian, PM Tigran Sarkisian, MPs, ministers, ambassadors, militaries, visited Sardarapat Memorial to participate

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in the festive events dedicated to the 94th anniversary of the 1st Independence of the Republic of Armenia and the Battle of Sardarapat President Sarkisian laid a wreath in honor of those who gave their lives in defense of the remaining part of the Armenian nation against an Ottoman advance. The actual battle lasted from May 21-29, 1918.

As part of the celebrations, Sarkisian visited pavilions representing all villages of Armavir region, featuring their traditional cuisines, goods, culture and everyday life.

Sardarapat was only 40 kilometers west of the city of Yerevan and the battle is currently seen as not only stopping the Ottoman advance into the rest of Armenia but also preventing the complete destruction of the Armenian nation. In the words of historian and researcher Christopher J. Walker, had the Armenians lost this battle, "it is perfectly possible that the word Armenia would have henceforth denoted only an antique geographical term."

1918 marked a breakthrough in the Armenian history. People, who had survived genocide, found strength in themselves to restore the statehood lost five centuries ago.

Recalling some episodes of the heroic battles of Sardarapat, Bash-Aparan and Gharakilisa, Doctor of History, Professor Babken Harutyunian said that the May victories were celebrated thanks to a small group of Armenian regular forces and volunteers. “We defeated the Turks due to our unity,� he told reporters today.

Dean of the History Faculty of the Yerevan State University Edik Minasian also emphasized the importance of unity in the May victories. However, the first republic existed for just 2.5 years.

Which are the lessons that must be drawn from the loss of the first republic? First of all it was the lack of regular army, a shortcoming that has been corrected today, Minasoan said.

Historian Babken Harutyunian, in turn, emphasized the importance of pursuing a correct economic policy and having a strong army.

Senate Appropriations Committee Supports Continued Assistance for Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh WASHINGTON, DC -- The Senate Appropriations Committee has approved its version of the Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 State, Foreign Operations Appropriations Bill outlining U.S. funding and policy priorities abroad, including Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh.

The Appropriations Committee recommended "assistance for victims of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in amounts consistent with prior years, and for ongoing needs related to the conflict." In addition, the Committee urged "a peaceful resolution to the conflict" and the Bill itself made funds available for "confidence-building measures and other activities in furtherance of the peaceful resolution of conflicts, including in Nagorno Karabakh."

"The Senate Appropriations Committee's inclusion of assistance to Nagorno Karabakh advances important US foreign policy and humanitarian priorities in the region and will provide for those most affected by this conflict," said a spokesperson for Senator Mark Kirk (R-IL).

Sources familiar with the Bill noted that funding for Armenia in terms of economic and military assistance mirrors the President's request, which included the following: $27.22 million in Economic Support Funds, $2.5 million in Global Health Programs, and $2.82 million in International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement. The Administration's request also called for $2.7 million in Foreign Military Financing (FMF) for Armenia and allocates $600,000 each in International Military Education Training (IMET).

The Bill also restated the six customary exemptions for humanitarian and other assistance to Section 907 of the Freedom Support Act. Section 907 was enacted in 1992 and requires the Government of Azerbaijan to take "demonstrable steps to cease all blockades and other offensive uses of force" against Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh.

Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT), Chairman of the State, Foreign Operations Appropriations Subcommittee noted that while overall funding in this "bipartisan bill" is "$2.6 billion below the President's budget request, and $1.2 billow below the Fiscal Year 2012 level" at the same time still "addresses the priorities of Senators of both parties."

Further action on this Bill and its counterpart in the House of Representatives has not been scheduled.

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French Senators Honor Armenian Genocide Victims in Tsitsernakaberd

YEREVAN -- French Senators Sophie Joissains, Philippe Marini and Bernard Fournier, who were on a two-days visit to Armenia, visited on Saturday the Tsitsernakaberd Memorial Complex and honored the memory of the Armenian Genocide victims.

The Senators also attended the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute, parliament press service informs Armenian News-NEWS.am.

“I saw sorrow, loss and massacre, which documents testify. There are people, who still deny the genocide, which brought forth the World War II,” Senator Marini wrote.

Condemning the 1915 genocide organizers, the Senator claimed that there are no contradictions between French political powers on criminalizing denial of the Armenian Genocide adding that newly elected President Francois Hollande also will be consistent in passing the bill.

“We are members of the Union for Popular Movement (UMP) supporting former President Nikolas Sarkozy and learned with interest about Hollande’s intentions. We will be very glad if a consensus is established on the issue in France,” Senator Bernard Fournier said.

Prominent Turkish Publisher Ragip Zarakolu Receives Armenian State Award

Ragip Zarakolu delivers a speech in Yerevan after receiving Arm enian state award

YEREVAN -- Ragip Zarakolu, prominent Turkish human rights campaigner and book publisher, received an Armenian state award on Tuesday for what President Serzh Sarkisian called a “remarkable contribution” to international recognition of the Armenian Genocide.

Zarakolu was among more than two dozen mostly Armenian scientists, writers and artists chosen for annual presidential awards given by Sarkisian. He arrived in Armenia with his wife and daughter to accept the prize less than two months after being released from prison pending trial on controversial charges of aiding the outlawed Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) in Turkey.

“His activities have been an exceptional mission,” Sarkisian said at the awards ceremony held in the presidential palace in Yerevan. “His struggle for conveying historical truth to the Turkish society is a brilliant example of high civic stance and courage.”

“Your presence here and acceptance of this prize today is also an act of courage,” he told Zarakolu.

In his speech at the ceremony, Zarakolu reaffirmed his belief that the ArmeniansGenocide must be acknowledged by modern-day Turkey. “Turkey must accept historical truth,” he said. “Only in this way can Turkey regain its self-respect.”

“My generation knew what happened and tried to conceal it. However, the younger generation had to believe this lie under certain conditions, which is even worse. Koran says ‘Give up telling lies first and always speak the truth,’” the Turkish publisher said. According to him, Turkey has gone blind and deaf.

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“My country has turned into a cemetery of the dumb,” the Turkish intellectual stated adding that as the 100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide approaches, Turkey must come to understand that recognizing and apologizing fro it has become a precondition for establishment of democratic society in the country.

“Even after Turkey apologizes and compensates [Armenians,] Armenians and Turks can’t be as before,” he said. “But we can look to the future together.”

Zarakolu, 63, rose to prominence in the 1970s as a newspaper columnist and editor highlighting human rights abuses committed in Turkey. He was twice imprisoned by military governments in Ankara before founding, together with other prominent Turks, the Human Rights Association of Turkey in 1986.

Around that time, Belge began publishing books on taboo subjects such as the Armenian genocide. Belge has since translated into Turkish more than a dozen books by Diaspora Armenian authors challenging the official Turkish version of the 1915 events.

At least two of those translations landed Zarakolu in court. A Turkish court ruled in June 2008 that the publication of one of those books insulted “the institutions of the Turkish Republic.” The publisher received a suspended five-month prison sentence.

Zarakolu was again arrested by the Turkish police in October last year for “knowingly aiding and abetting a terrorist organization” together with dozens of other Turks. If convicted, he will face up to 15 years in prison. The European Union and international human rights groups have expressed serious concern over the case.

Zarakolu was honored at the Armenian National Library during his previous trip to Yerevan in February 2011. Its director, Davit Sargsian, handed a medal to the publisher, praising his decades-long activism and thanking him for donating dozens of books to the state-funded library.

Interview: Congressman Adam Schiff Discusses Foreign Aid to Armenia and Artsakh for Fiscal Year 2013

Congressman Adam Schiff with ACA representatives Chris Garsevanian and Sevak Khatchadorian

WASHINGTON, D.C. – In a recent interview with the Armenian Council of America (ACA), Rep. Adam Schiff (D-Burbank) discussed the State and Foreign Operations Appropriations Bill for fiscal year 2013 and its impact on foreign assistance to the Republic of Armenia and to NagornoKarabakh. The following is a transcript of the interview: ACA: Congressman, thank you for taking the time to speak with us today. Can you briefly discuss the State and Foreign Operations Appropriations Bill and how it will guarantee foreign aid to Armenia. Will that also include Nagorno-Karabakh?

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Congressman Schiff: Sure and the answer is Yes. We were successful in maintaining a strong level of support for Armenia. Most of the foreign aid is being cut this year as a result of our diminished budget resources and foreign aid took a bigger cut than most of the other parts of the U.S. budget. But nonetheless, we were able to maintain the same level of funding for Armenia of about $40 million in the economic support funds. This was a very good victory.

In the case of Nagorno-Karabakh we were even more successful. In the past, we have allocated funding only to see the State Department not use much of the funding that we have provided. This year, we included language requiring the State Department to invest at least $5 million in helping with some of the humanitarian concerns in Artsakh and that was incorporated in the Bill and that more than doubles assistance to Nagorno-Karabakh.

Finally, we followed up on a meeting I had with the President of the Republic of Georgia where I raised the issue of some of the Armenian enclaves in that country and the needs of the Armenian community there. He expressed a willingness to work with us and make sure to use the resources that we’re helping provide to improve the quality of life in those areas. This is now reflected in the State Department and Foreign Operations Appropriations Bill where we have language requiring the Millennium Challenge Corporation and USAID to assess the situation in those communities and develop an aid plan to help those areas. So in each of the three areas we focused on, we were very successful.

ACA: You mentioned that some cuts were made to foreign assistance because of the economy. Has Armenia or Artsakh been affected negatively in any way due to the economy?

CS: Fortunately, thus far, no. We are only through one part of the process. This is what is in the House version of what is in the State Foreign Operations Bill. Many of these items are not in the Senate version and when the two items pass, they will go into a Conference Committee and we’re voting to fight for the House language. So we are not yet at the goal line by any means, but in the House bill, Armenia and Artsakh did better than almost any other region in the sense that they maintained the level of funding in the case of Armenia or increased funding in the case of Artsakh.

That’s quite a rarity and goes against the grain of what most other countries faced that didn’t get specific appropriations, or if they did, were much reduced.

ACA: That leads to the next question. Countries like Afghanistan, Egypt, Pakistan and the Palestinian authority had clear conditions which they had to adhere to in order to receive any kind of funding. Will there be any such limitations posed on Armenia and if so, what are they?

CS: There are no specific limitations posed in the language of the Foreign Operations Bill like the other countries mentioned. There are more general limitations applied to all of our foreign assistance, the primary one being that it has to be used for its intended purpose. If these funds are allocated by the State Department, for example, to help build an irrigation system or build a health clinic, then they need to be used for that purpose and they can’t be stiffened off or be misappropriated or misspent. But apart from that very universal requirement, there are no specific obligations attached to these funds.

ACA: It is no secret that Armenia and the Islamic Republic of Iran have had a mutually beneficial relationship for many years in the areas of commerce, trade and energy. How will Armenia’s relationship with Iran affect whether or not the amount of aid they receive?

CS: We are obviously very concerned about Iran. About the fact that it is a State sponsor of terror and that it is proceeding with a nuclear program against the demands of the International community and so it concerns us when any country has a relationship where they are supporting the Iranian economy, particularly in the energy sector and this is something we are going to have to continue to work on with Armenia. Armenia is in a pretty tough situation because it is landlocked and blockaded by Turkey and Azerbaijan, so it has limited resources and access to energy and I think that’s something that the Administration certainly takes into consideration. As opposed to other countries that have a great choice in where they obtain their energy and who they do their business with.

ACA: What would you say to those who are opponents of foreign aid to Armenia and Nagorno- Karabakh?

CS: Foreign assistance is a very small part of our budget. Most people think it represents 10 percent or 15 percent of our budget, but it’s a tiny fraction of that and I think it is very important. It is in the highest ideals of the country that we help those that are less fortunate. It is also in our national security interest that we don’t allow countries to become Stateless, potential havens for terrorism. So I think that the American people have always been supportive. It is much more difficult in strife economic times where there are a lot of pressing needs at home, but this is why it is a very small portion of our budget but I think an important one.

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ACA: Being a long-time friend of the Armenian-American community and advocate for Armenian Causes, what will you do to ensure that Armenia will receive an adequate sum of foreign assistance?

CS: I have been working with the Armenian community and some of the leader organizations to try to impress upon my colleagues in congress the importance of moving forward with the language we have included in the Foreign Operations Bill. It certainly is a bigger challenge than any one person or any one member of Congress, but we have a pretty good team assembled. The Armenian Diaspora has been very effective in making sure their voices are heard through an incredible grassroots campaign, reaching out, calling Members, faxing them and I hope they will do the same when it comes to the Conference Committee. But through this joint effort, we can work and fight for the best resources available.

ACA: Congressman, do you have any last thoughts or messages that you would like to convey to the Armenian-American community?

CS: We have had a very important success this session with the passage of the Church’s Resolution in the House which calls on Turkey to observe human rights and restore and return confiscated church properties to the Armenian church and that passed with a strong, bipartisan vote. We are very pleased to have that legislative success, as well as the good progress we are making on the aid picture.

I appreciate the friendship and good counsel and advice I get from the community. It’s really a pleasure to work and to represent the community and I enjoy that very much.

The full text of the State and Foreign Operations Appropriations Bill can be found by clicking on the following link: http://appropriations.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=294389

Armenian Fund Opens Renovated Shushi Cultural Center

SHUSHI -- A delegation of Hayastan All-Armenian Fund, led by executive director Ara Vardanyan, officiated the opening of a large, newly rebuilt section of the Shushi Cultural Center. The extensive renovation project, the first leg of a two-phase initiative, was made possible by the financial support of the fund’s Toronto affiliate.

The opening ceremony was attended by Narine Aghabalyan, Artsakh’s minister of Culture and Youth Affairs; Kajik Khachatryan, head of the Shushi Administration; various local officials; guests; and numerous Shushi residents.

The cutting of the red ribbon was performed by Mkrtich Mkrtichian, chairman of the fund’s Toronto affiliate; Ara Boyajian, SDHP representative on the fund’s Board of Trustees; Minister Aghabalyan; and Ohan Ohannessian, one of the benefactors of the renovation project.

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The rebuilt section of the Shushi Cultural Center will house the Mkrtich Khandamiryan State Theater as well as a puppet theater named after world-renowned filmmaker Atom Egoyan, one of the sponsors of the renovation project and a longtime supporter of the Hayastan All-Armenian Fund.

The rebuilt section will also be home to the Varanda Youth Choir and a smaller theater, and include classrooms for painting, ballet, instrumental folk music, and embroidery.

“While Artsakh’s strength rests in its mountains, the strength of its people rests in its culture,” said Mkrtich Mkrtichian in his address, stressing the role of a dynamic artistic environment in the revitalization of Shushi’s venerable cultural traditions.

Commenting on the significance of the refurbished Shushi Cultural Center, Ara Boyajian said in his speech, “Here is one more triumph that was achieved through our united efforts, of which I am so very proud. Projects of this caliber, complemented by our faith in Shushi, will enable it to regain its former glory. Our only wish is that you continue to live in this precious land and help make it thrive.”

The second phase of the Shushi Cultural Center renovation project will include the refurbishment of a 450-seat events hall and new landscaping throughout the grounds. This leg of the initiative, slated to be completed within the next few months, is being implemented with the financial support of the government of Artsakh.

Following the opening ceremony, the fund’s delegation visited the Khachatur Abovyan School, which is currently undergoing a complete makeover. The project, made possible by funds raised at the 2011 Moscow Gala and additional support from the government of Artsakh, is nearing completion. Also to open soon are the school’s two fully furnished computer rooms, which were established through individual donations to Armenia Fund USA, the Hayastan All-Armenian Fund’s Eastern U.S. affiliate.

Subsequently, accompanied by Archbishop Pargev Martirosyan, primate of the Artsakh Diocese, the delegation visited the Ghazanchetsots Cathedral as well as the Mariamyan Girls’ School, which was recently refurbished through the efforts of the government of Artsakh.

Semyon Davidovich Kirlian Kirlian was born in Yekaterinodar, now Krasnodar, Russian of Armenian descent. He possessed an early interest in, and aptitude for, work with electricity. Just before the Russian Revolution of 1917, Kirlian attended a conference in his home city at which Nikola Tesla gave talks and demonstrations; Tesla was one of Kirlian's predecessors in the field of corona discharge photography. In the 1930 He married Valentina Khrisanovna.

First discoveries By 1939 Kirlian had acquired a reputation as the best local resource for repairing electrical equipment, and was regularly called upon to fix the apparatus of scientists and laboratories in the area. In that year, he happened to witness a demonstration of a high-frequency d'Arsonval electrotherapy device. He noticed that there was a small flash of light between the machine's electrodes and the patient's skin, and wondered if he would be able to photograph it.

Experimenting with similar equipment, he replaced glass electrodes with metal substitutes to take photographs in visible light; at the price of a severe electrical burn, he was able to take an unusual and striking photograph of an apparent energy discharge around his own hand.

Development of Kirlian Photography Over the next ten years he and his wife developed and perfected apparatus for what we now call Kirlian photography. They employed a high-frequency oscillator or spark generator that operated at 75 to 200 kHz. They took photographs with no camera, merely with electric current and photographic film.

The Kirlians then moved beyond static photography, to develop an optical filter that allowed them to witness the phenomenon in real time; they saw miniature fireworks displays of light and color playing around their hands.

Gradually the Kirlians' activity began to attract attention from professional scientists. Kirlian made controversial claims that the image he was studying might be compared with the human aura. An ex18

periment advanced as evidence of energy fields generated by living entities involves taking Kirlian contact photographs of a picked leaf at set periods, its gradual withering being said to correspond with a decline in the strength of the aura. The Kirlians made many photographs of the leaves of various plants; by 1949, it was determined that Kirlian photography could detect incipient plant disease that was not otherwise detectable. In the same year, the Kirlians received a Soviet patent on their basic device, "a method of photographing by means of high-frequency currents." Experimenting further upon themselves, the Kirlians acquired the first results showing that Kirlian photography could provide an index of a person's physical health, and could illuminate the acupuncture points of the human body.

Widespread Recognition It was not until the early 1960s, however, that the Kirlians' efforts attracted widespread recognition and official support, once popular journalists wrote a series of newspaper and magazine articles about Kirlian photography. The Kirlians were awarded a pension and were provided with a pleasant new apartment and a well-equipped laboratory in Krasnodar. Their first scientific paper on Kirlian photography was published in 1961, in the (Russian) Journal of Scientific and Applied Photography. Scientific institutions around the Soviet Union were set to work on Kirlian photography in 1962. The first appearance in the US is unknown, but an educational film about Kirlian photography and energy emissions from living things was seen in a Southern California elementary school about 1964.

Armenians Should Form a United Front Before Any Negotiations With Turkey

By Harut Sassounian Publisher, The California Courier

My latest column on Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu’s efforts to initiate a dialog with the Diaspora generated numerous reactions from both Armenians and Turks.

Turkish newspapers, TV stations, and websites gave extensive coverage to Davutoglu’s reported overtures to Armenians. The Turkish media linked the Foreign Minister’s initiative to Armenian plans for the commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the Genocide in 2015.

Armenians posted dozens of comments on websites and facebook in response to my column which was circulated worldwide in English, Armenian, Turkish, French, and Russian. The Armenian reaction was understandably skeptical and cautious. Armenian government officials quietly followed the reports on Davutoglu’s meetings without making any public comment, while the Armenian press in Istanbul simply reprinted what the Turkish media had published on this topic.

Armenian readers raised two key issues: Who would represent the Diaspora if and when Armenians start negotiating with Turkey, and what should be the specific Armenian demands from the Turkish government?

These are highly complex issues deserving serious consideration by Armenians worldwide. Ideally, Diaspora representatives should be selected through elections in various countries, as proposed in my earlier columns.

Those elected would have the right to represent Diaspora Armenians in any negotiations.

These representatives would have to coordinate their decisions and actions with the Armenian government, particularly on the critical issue of negotiating with Turkey, by forming a joint delegation. As Armenians learned from the recent fiasco of the Armenia-Turkey Protocols, it would be unthinkable to reach a settlement with Turkey without the participation and agreement of both Armenia and the Diaspora.

In the absence of an elected Diasporan structure, representatives of the three main Armenian political parties, jointly with the Armenian government, could take the lead in forming a single negotiating team. To make the delegation more inclusive, several major community organizations and prominent individuals could be asked to join, including representatives of Armenians in Turkey.

Another critical issue is framing the agenda of negotiations with Turkish officials. What are the Armenians’ concrete demands from Turkey? This is an extremely serious and sensitive matter that requires in depth knowledge of the Armenian Cause and expertise in negotiating strategies and tactics.

It would be instructive for Armenians to review how Israel and 23 major Jewish organizations came together as the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, to obtain restitution for Holocaust victims; and how these organizations coordinated their positions with the State of Israel which signed a separate Reparations Agreement with West Germany? Over the years, as a result of their collaborative efforts, the coalition of Jewish Diaspora organizations and Israel received more than $70 billion dollars in restitution from Germany.

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Additional lessons could be learned from examples of financial settlements resulting from mass torts, asbestos exposure and product liability, and claims arising from destruction of the World Trade Center and the Gulf oil spill.

There is, however, a significant difference between the Holocaust and the Armenian Genocide. While the Jewish people were exterminated in European countries under Nazi rule, Armenians were massacred and forcefully driven from their ancestral homeland. Therefore, no amount of monetary payment will fully compensate Armenians for the loss of their historic lands. Armenians should seek not only compensation for their personal losses, but also the return of Western Armenia as arbitrated by Pres. Woodrow Wilson -- a claim Turkey has repeatedly rejected.

Should serious negotiations materialize, the joint Armenian delegation could ask Turkey to take the following preliminary actions to show its good faith: -- Compensate all Genocide victims; -- Rebuild and return all religious sites to the Armenian Patriarchate of Istanbul; -- Return all confiscated private and community properties to their Armenian owners; -- Provide the Republic of Armenia with special access to the Turkish port of Trabzon for commercial purposes; -- Give Armenians visa-free entry to Ararat, Ani, and other Armenian historical sites in Turkey; -- Lift the blockade of Armenia; -- End Turkey’s official policy of denial of the Armenian Genocide and annul Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code; -- Refrain from all hostile policies directed against Armenia and Artsakh (Karabagh).

These measures, if agreed upon, would represent significant progress in the pursuit of Armenian claims from Turkey, whereas the issue of territorial restitution could be addressed separately through international legal action.

PRESS RELEASE FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE DATE: May 30, 2012

CONTACT: Catherine Minogue TEL: 416-250-9807

New Book on Forced Turkification of Jews, Their Fight against Anti-Semitism, and Turkish-Jewish Leadership Lobbying against Recognition of Armenian Genocide

Toronto—The Zoryan Institute is proud to announce the translation and publication of a new book by noted author Rifat Bali, Model Citizens of the State: The Jews of Turkey during the Multi-Party Period (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2012).

This book provides an exposé of the treatment of the Jewish community in Turkey from 1950 to the present, their fight against anti-Semitism, the struggle for their constitutional rights, and the attitude of the Turkish state and society towards these problems.

In a review of the Turkish edition that appeared in the Armenian Weekly, Turkish journalist Ayse Gunaysu and a member of the Committee Against Racism and Discrimination of the Human Rights Association of Turkey (Istanbul branch) since 1995, described the book as “groundbreaking . . . unearthing facts and first-hand accounts that unmistakably illustrate how the Turkish establishment blackmailed the leaders of the Jewish community—and through them Jewish organizations in the United States—to secure their support of the Turkish position against the Armenians’ campaign for genocide recognition . . . The book also offers rich material about how Turkish diplomats and semiofficial spokesmen of Turkish policies, while carrying out their lobbying activities, threatened both Israel and the U.S. by indicating that if the Jewish lobby failed to prevent Armenian initiatives abroad— 20

Turkey might not be able to guarantee the security of Turkish Jews . . . It has been a routine practice for Turkish authorities to invariably deny such threats. However, Bali’s industrious work in the archives reveals first-hand accounts that confirm these allegations.”

In explaining his motivation for writing this book, Bali states, There are a number of facts which triggered my starting to research the history of the Jews in the Turkish Republic. They can all be summed up in the fact that I was tired of listening to and reading the rosy narrative that was repeated over and over by the leaders of the Turkish Jewish community, as well as by Turkish intellectuals, politicians and historians. The same narrative was also predominant outside Turkey. I wanted to discover what was really behind this rhetoric.

Bali details how, despite the attempt of Jewish community leaders in Istanbul to fit into the mold of the “model” Turkish citizen as defined by Kemal Ataturk, and regardless of the official government policy toward the Jewish community, the anti-Semitic attitudes of the majority Muslim population in Turkish society were ever present.

The book describes how, initially, the Jewish community received similar treatment by the government of Turkey and had similar problems, fears and reactions as the Armenian and Greek minorities during the Single Party period, 1923-1949, to such things as the Capital Tax Law and policy of Labor Battalions. During the first two decades of the Multi-Party period, it endured the September 6, 1955 pogrom, the May 27, 1960 revolution, and the 1971 military coup. All three minorities suffered equally from these critical events, with loss of life and property and consequent emigrations to Greece, Israel, Europe and North America.

Bali explains how a shift in the Turkish state’s treatment of its Jewish citizens started in the late 1960s and early 1970s due to three pivotal events outside of Turkey: the 1967 Israeli Six-Day War, the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus, and the movement for international recognition of the Armenian Genocide. He shows that the Turkish government in the 1970s reversed its policy of prohibiting minorities’ links to outside organizations by encouraging the Jews of Turkey to connect with American Jewish organizations, once it realized the importance of American Jewish political lobby groups. Since then, Turkey has adopted a policy of utilizing the American Jewish lobby against the Greek lobby to lift the Cyprus related arms embargo, and against the Armenian lobby to further its genocide denial policies.

Bali details efforts to distance the American Jewish community from the Armenian community by propagandizing that the Armenian Genocide is a non-truth, or that whatever may have happened in 1915 it can not be compared to the Jewish Holocaust and therefore can not be called genocide, and that Turks have been very tolerant and friendly to Jews since their expulsion from Spain in 1492.

Bali illustrates that with this new policy, successive Turkish governments obtained the cooperation of Turkish Jews to convince the American Jewish lobbies to actively support pro-Turkish measures, including fighting against Armenian Genocide resolutions in the US Congress, excluding the Armenian Genocide from the Holocaust Museums in Washington and Los Angeles, prohibiting papers on the Armenian Genocide from being presented at Israeli Holocaust conferences, prohibiting the showing of Armenian Genocide related movies in US and Israel, etc. The tactics used by Turkish governments included financial assistance, economic concessions and other privileges, but also veiled threats that lack of cooperation by the Jewish lobby, the State of Israel, or Turkish-Jewish leaders would jeopardize the safety and economic well-being of the Jews in Turkey.

When asked about the possible effect his research could have, Bali answers, I do not believe that the book will have any sort of negative impact on Israeli-Turkish and/or Turkish-Jewish relations. Real politics and strategic concerns always dominate and even embellish past history. However I hope that at last the English-speaking public will have the opportunity to read the “real” story of Turkish-Jewish relations instead of an embellished one.

In documenting the Turkish state’s manipulation of its vulnerable Jewish minority and their acquiescence, this book serves as a valuable case study of how Realpolitik in domestic politics and foreign relations distorts the truth and how coercion by the powerful contributes to the violation of collective 21

human rights. It will be of interest to academics and students of non-Muslim minorities in Turkey, political lobbyists in America, Israeli policy-makers, as well as to the Jewish, Greek and Armenian communities around the world.

Rifat N. Bali, born in 1948 in Istanbul, is an independent scholar specializing in the history of Turkish Jews and an associate member of the Alberto-Benveniste Center for Sephardic Studies and the Sociocultural History of the Jews (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes/CNRS/UniversitĂŠ Paris-Sorbonne).

He is the winner of the Alberto Benveniste Research Award for 2009 for his publications on Turkish Jewry.

The Zoryan Institute is the parent organization of the International Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies, which runs an annual, accredited university program on the subject and is co-publisher of Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal in partnership with the International Association of Genocide Scholars and the University of Toronto Press. It is the first non-profit, international center devoted to the research and documentation of contemporary issues with a focus on Genocide, Diaspora and Armenia. For more information please contact the Zoryan Institute by email zoryan@zoryaninstitute.org or telephone 416-250-9807.

St. Gregory The Illuminator Armenian Catholic Church Of Toronto PRESS RELEASE: MAY 28th

St. Gregory's Armenian Catholic Church of Toronto Yesterday, May 27th, 2012 was a historic day for the Armenian Catholic Church in Toronto and for the CanadianArmenian Community of Toronto, Canada. At 11:30am, the Minister Hon. Jason Kenney arrived at the Church. He was greeted by Mr. Gary Chahinian, the Chairman of the Catholic Parish Council and Mr. Sarkis Assadourian. After a few photos were taken by the Armenian alphabet sculpture, the honored guest was ushered into the Church.

The Minister followed the church services attentively (Mr. Kenney is of Catholic faith) and received communion from the Very Reverent Father Elias Kirijian, Pastor. Soon after, the Minister was invited to the alter and said a few wards about the Armenian Catholic Church and Saint Maloyan (the Minister was at the Vatican for the beatification of St. Maloyan). Mr. Chahinian had the honour of introducing the Minister to the faithful. The church service was concluded by presenting a framed picture of the Armenian "Khatchkar" to the Minister by The Very Rev. Fr. Kirijian, Mr. Sarkis Assadourian and Mr. Gary Chahinian.

Following the Church Mass, the Minister had the opportunity to mix and mingle with the crowd for about 15 to 20 minutes. The second part of the day's activities followed with Mr. Chahinian introducing Mr. Sarkis Assadourian, saying the following: 22

"Sarkis was born in Aleppo. He was the first and the only Syrian-born MP (1993-2004) and the parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration in Canada. He was also a Citizenship Judge for three years. Soon after his election, Sarkis headed a business/parliamentary delegation to Syria (1994). Since then, he visited Syria more than half-a-dozen times, including in 2001, with the first-ever visit to Syria by the Prime Minister of Canada. He was active in Maher Arrar's (Syrian/Canadian) release from Syrian jail in 2004, who was charged with terrorism by the US. The last time Sarkis was in Syria was in 2008.

As an MP, he had the pleasure of meeting the Vice-President of Syria, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee, Syrian Ambassadors, current and former honorary consul generals, and officials of the current government in charge of the Middle East/Syria. He is in contact with minority group leaders from the Middle East. He was interviewed on a number of occasions by various government departments in Canada."

A.C.C.T. Parish Council St. Gregory The Illuminator Armenian Catholic Church Of Toronto

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BEDROS MOUCHIAN HOVSEP KANKOURIAN