Beyond the Shell by Lianjie (LJ) Wu by unit19bartlett

BEYOND THE SHELL A PARTICIPATORY DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM FOR COMMUNITY-BUILD HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

Lianjie (L.J.) Wu MArch Architecture Part II The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL June 2018

SYNOPSIS The project is rooted in a self-build scenario, developing the naked shell and unfinished minimum inhabitation spaces methodology proposed by the Naked House and Half the House, which could encourage users to participate and customize their living spaces tailored to their needs over the time. At the same time, the unfinished shell helps to address the issue of over-finished but unaffordable housing supply, providing a strategy to take advantage of residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; labor to cut down the construction cost as a way to lower the price. The project also further critiques the limitation of self-builders participation based on the living module system which is not easy for residents to reach out. The project takes a further step based on this self-build scenario, specifically questions how far self-builders, especially community self-builder can go in urban context, what customization could be and where architect should position themselves in a digital fabrication scenario. The projects is developed based on several key challenges self-builders are facing nowadays, especially for the urban context, including the limitation of housing building density, insufficient disposable time, the lack of needed skills as well as the general ignorance of building regulations and planning policies. In order to address these challenges and help to empower residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s role in the housing sector, the project proposed a series of categories in varied scales, from architectural discrete parts, individual apartment units, eight-householders community cluster to large scale community self-build housing complex. Each category provides community self-builders with different levels of completion tailored to different types of occupiers, with varied degree of privacy and accessibility. Essentially, each of them includes two U-shape spaces, working as the profitable communal spaces for the cluster and also two ports of the cluster, allowing it to be open-end and compatible with others in the category. At the same time, an assembly manual for each cluster is given to self-builders group as a way to help them build up the confidence and provide a more zoom-in perspective. For a larger group of prospective residents, they could apply for their bespoke community-build apartments by express their preferences towards the community in the user interface. The information from this stage would be adopted as design parameters considered by expertise afterwards. As an experiment for the high-rise typology to address the urban context, which requires more expertise involved, the project proposed two stages for the typology based on the cluster category, one is the minimum and neutral shell stage, which only meets the basic needs of living, and the extension stage which could be reconfigurated by self-builders when they could afford it. The live-work programme tied with the shell helps occupiers gradually achieve social mobility.

CONTENTS

Housing Model Study

Where does the resident’s participation lie in the community? Precedents Strategy Study Alternative Reaching-out Housing Model

Site Context

What is the housing model for the live-work generation? Urban Planning Policies Current Condition on site

A Kit of Discrete Parts to Encourage Resident’s Participation in the Community

How to trigger the resident’s partipation beyond their own living shell and reach out to the community? U

Structural Consideration U -Strategy for Reaching Out Programme Intervention Potential Architectural Conditions

Parts to Whole, Individuals to Community

How far can self-build project achieve in urban context? Distributed and Transportable Fabrication Strategy Syntax for the Community Growth Parts to Whole Category for Community-Build Housing Development User Interface for Resident’s Bespoke Community Community Growth Sequence One Iteration of the Community Plan Simulations

Housing Model Study Where does the residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s participation lie in the community? Precedents Strategy Study Alternative Reaching-out Housing Model

Supply

Demand

gap

gapMarket in London Dysfunctional Housing

The supply, homeowners, hold on to their homes because they assume that their property will continue to go up in price. Nor do rising prices dampen demand (Elliot, 2017). The profit-driven market results in a gap between Dysfunctional Housing Market in London supply and demand which keeps increasing and will never be filled.

The supply, homeowners, hold on to their homes because they assume that their property will continue to go up in gap price. Nor do rising prices dampen demand (Elliot, 2017). The profit-driven market resultsininLondon a gap between Dysfunctional Housing Market supply and demand which keeps increasing and will never be filled.

The supply, homeowners, hold on to their homes because they assume that their property will continue to go up in gap price. Nor do rising prices dampen demand (Elliot, 2017). The profit-driven market results in a gap between Dysfunctional Housing Market in London supply and demand which keeps increasing and will never be filled.

AN Fully INCREASING GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN HOUSING MARKET Furnished

The rate of home ownership in London is plummeting, and the average age at which people become owner-occupiers is rising. In London and other property hotspots, the rents are unaffordable for those working at the sharp end of the service sector. Homelessness is on the up. However, Homeowners are holding the property rather than put Half House them into market because they believe the price will rise. The gap between demand and supply is increasing.

Elliott, L. (2017). The UK housing market's perfect storm, and five steps to avoid it | Larry Elliott. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/busiFurther Extension ness/2017/oct/08/the-uk-housing-markets-perfect-storm-and-five-steps-to-avoid-it [Accessed 21 Oct. 2017].

AN Structure INCREASING GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND Naked House SUPPLY IN HOUSING MARKET for

Further The rate of homeExtension ownership in London is plummeting, Primary Structureand the average age at which people become owner-occupiers is rising. In London and other property hotspots, the rents are unaffordable for those working at the sharp end of the service sector. Homelessness is on the up. However, Homeowners are holding the property rather than put or believe Shellthe price will rise. The gap between demand and supply is increasing. them into market because they

Elliott, L. (2017). The UK housing market's perfect storm, and five steps to avoid it | Larry Elliott. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/oct/08/the-uk-housing-markets-perfect-storm-and-five-steps-to-avoid-it [Accessed 21 Oct. 2017]. Permanent Temporary

Basic Interior

Primary Structure or Shell

Temporary Residents

Urban Rigger

Supply

Level of Completion

Medium Involvement Medium Involvement (Participation) (Participation)

Two Parameters in Housing Models: Completion and Participation

High Involvement (Participation) High Involvement

Fully Furnished

Basic Interior

Structure for

Residents

Low Involvement

DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN HOUSING MARKET

Dysfunctional Housing Market inand London A Capitalist Housing Market: Demand Supply

SING GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN HOUSING MARKET or ior ension Structure for nership in London is plummeting, and the average age at which people become owner-occupiers is rising. In London and other property hotspots, the

nership in London plummeting, age atit which become owner-occupiers is rising. London and other property hotspots, the K housing market'sisperfect storm, and and the fiveaverage steps to avoid | Larrypeople Elliott. [online] the Guardian. Available at:Inhttps://www.theguardian.com/busiFurther le for those working Extension at the sharp end of the service sector. Homelessness is on the2017]. up. However, Homeowners are holding the property rather than put -uk-housing-markets-perfect-storm-and-five-steps-to-avoid-it [Accessed 21 Oct. cause they believe the price will rise. The gap between demand and supply is increasing.

Structure for

SING GAP BETWEEN ior hed Basic Interior

Urban Rigger nership in London is plummeting, and the average age at which people become owner-occupiers is rising. In London and other property hotspots, the le for those working at the sharp end of the service sector. Homelessness is on the up. However, Homeowners are holding the property rather than put cause they believe the price will rise. The gap between demand and supply is increasing.

DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN HOUSING MARKET

The supply, homeowners, hold on to their homes because they assume that their property will continue to go up in price. Nor do rising prices dampen demand (Elliot, 2017). The profit-driven market results in a gap between supply and demand which keeps increasing and will never be filled.

Low Involvement(Participation) (Participation)

SING GAP BETWEEN Fully Furnished hed Basic Interior

Fully Furnished

Supply

Supply Supply Demand

The supply, homeowners, hold on to their homes because they assume that their property will continue to go up in gap price. Nor do rising prices dampen demand (Elliot, 2017). The profit-driven market results in a gap between supply and demand which keeps increasing and will never be filled.

The supply, homeowners, hold on to their homes because they assume that their property will continue to go up in price. Nor do rising prices dampen demand (Elliot, 2017). The profit-driven market results in a gap between supply and demand which keeps increasing and will never be filled.

Place

Urban Rigger

Residents

Degree of resident’s participation

PLACE

Naked House Half House

OF THE PEOPLE, BY THE PEOPLE

Urban Rigger

The case for a participatory economy

Naked House

Dysfunctional Housing Market in London

Urban Rigger

PLACE

Half A House

Naked House

want and ‘pre-order’. Consumers decide what to produce. This provides a remarkably cheap way to mobilize as much information about what consumers will want as possible to avoid all this ‘marco’ inefficiency that

OF THE PEOPLE, BY THE PEOPLE

another bureaucratic maze from the perspective of ordinary and will only discourage worker and consemer participation in a different way.

Dangers to Avoid t I want, .....and changing my mind. OPLE,Robin BY THE PEOPLE The case for a participatory economy Hahnel, 2012 y economy is a planned economy. We decide what we Poorly designed systems of democratic planning can become just 2012 -order’. Consumers decide what to produce. This provides another bureaucratic maze from the perspective of ordinary and will cheap way to mobilize as much information about what discourage worker and consemer participation in a different way. to Avoid Deciding what I want, .....and changing my mind.The case only for a participatory economy Dangers ltwant as.....and possible to avoid my all this ‘marco’ inefficiency that Dangers to Avoid I want, changing mind. et economies. A participatory economy is a planned economy. We decide what we Poorly designed systems of democratic planning can become just Robin Hahnel, 2012 y economy is aand planned economy.Consumers We decide what we what to produce. Poorly designed systems of democratic planning can become just want ‘pre-order’. decide This provides another bureaucratic maze from the perspective of ordinary and will -order’. Consumers decide what way to produce. This provides bureaucratic maze from the only perspective of ordinary andand will consemer participation in a different way. a remarkably cheap to mobilize as much information another about what discourage worker cheap way to mobilize as much information about whatmy mind. only discourage worker and consemer participation in a different way. Dangers to Avoid Deciding what I want, .....and changing consumers will want as possible to avoid all this ‘marco’ inefficiency that l want as possible to avoid all this ‘marco’ inefficiency that plagues market economies. et economies. A participatory economy is a planned economy. We decide what we Poorly designed systems of democratic planning can become just

2012

Urban Rigger

The case for a participatory economy

gap gap

Naked House

Demand Demand

OPLE, BY THE PEOPLE

Naked House Half House

Naked House

Half A House

Equation in a Healthy Housing Market

PLACE

Naked House Half House

Capital markets work through the law of supply and demand. Low prices gap act as a disincentive to produce but as prices rise so supply increases. Demand falls as prices rise because buyers consider products too expensive. The market helps to decrease the gap between demand and supply to meet a balance point.

Urban Rigger

PLACE

gap

(Participation)

Urban Rigger

Naked House Half House

Residents

Urban Rigger

Permanent Residents

ement ion) High Involvement

Supply Supply

(Participation)

gap

Medium Involvement volvement ion) (Participation) ement ion) High Involvement

Supply

ement(Participation) ion) Medium Involvement volvement ion) (Participation)

Residents

Supply Supply

Permanent Residents

Supply

Low Involvement

ementResidents (Participation) ion)

Low Involvement

K housing market's perfect storm, and five steps to avoid it | Larry Elliott. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/busi-uk-housing-markets-perfect-storm-and-five-steps-to-avoid-it [Accessed 21 Oct. 2017]. Permanent Temporary

Permanent Residents

Demand

uctureResidents

Demand

K housing market's perfect storm, and five steps to avoid it | Larry Elliott. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/busiPrimary Structure le for those working at the sharp end of the service sector. Homelessness is on the2017]. up. However, Homeowners are holding the property rather than put -uk-housing-markets-perfect-storm-and-five-steps-to-avoid-it [Accessed 21 Oct. Permanent Temporary or Shellthe price will rise. The gap between demand and supply is increasing. cause they believe

SING GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN HOUSING MARKET ucture or ension nership in London is plummeting, and the average age at which people become owner-occupiers is rising. In London and other property hotspots, the

PLACE

Supply

Primary Structure K housing market's perfect storm, and five steps to avoid it | Larry Elliott. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/busile for those working Extension at the sharp end of the service sector. Homelessness is on the up. However, Homeowners are holding the property rather than put Further -uk-housing-markets-perfect-storm-and-five-steps-to-avoid-it [Accessed 21 Oct. 2017]. or believe Shellthe price will rise. The gap between demand cause they and supply is increasing.

PLACE

Urban Rigger

Beyond The Shell Demand gap

Demand Demand gap

Equation in a Healthy Housing Market

Capital markets work through the law of supply and demand. Low prices act as a disincentive to produce but as prices rise so supply increases. Demand falls as prices rise because buyers consider products too expensive. The market helps to decrease the gap between demand and supply to meet a balance point.

Demand

Level of Completion

Degree of resident’s participation CASE STUDY

Insulation

Stage Two

Material

Roof Plate

Timber Joist

Floor Plate

Supplier

Goods depend on Supplier

Residents decide the degree of extension

Complex/Hard Constructrion

Length of Stay: urgent need

Stage Three

Construction

Material

‘for students, refugees and others, in urgent need of a home.’

Target Group: Student

Urban Rigger

Goods depend on Supplier

long-term residents

Supplier

150,000-350,000

580,000 (London Average)

150,000-350,000

70 sqm

580,000 (London Average)

150,000-350,000

87 sqm

t lien

r cto ntra Co hitect Arc

as ts h den Resi right n isio no dec for

Permanent Residents

Length of Stay: Years

‘Anyone with a salary under £90,000 can sign up to be considered for a home in the development, but Naked House plans to give priority to low-income and first-time buyers living or working in the area.’ ——Jessica Mairs, 25 April 2017.

Target Group: Residents in the area

Naked House

pacted Highly Com hed Fully furnis

CASE STUDY

High Involvement (Participation)

First Full Size Prototype

Copenhagen Water Road

Medium Involvement (Participation)

Low Involvement (Participation)

Temporary Residents

Primary Structure or Shell

Structure for Further Extension

Basic Interior

Fully Furnished

Degree of resident’s participation

CASE STUDY

GIA

High Involvement (Participation)

GIA

Medium Partition Wall Involvement (Participation)

Low Involvement (Participation)

Timber Joist

Temporary Floor Plate Residents

Solid Panel

Primary Structure Panel orGlazed Shell

580,000 (London Average)

Structure for GIA 50 sqm Further Extension

Degree of resident’s participation

User Manual

Simple Tools

Residents decide the degree of extension

User Manual

Simple Tools

Permanent Residents

land

Hig Fu hly lly C fu om rn ish pa ed cte

Unfinished Strategy - Naked House

Length of Stay: 1-4 years

High Involvement (Participation)

Medium Involvement (Participation)

long-term residents

Residents no right for decision

Stage One

Prefinished Volumetric Construction Strategy - Urban Rigger

Prefinished Volumetric Construction Strategy - Place, Ladywell

short-term temporary housing, remain on site till 2020, providing 24 homes, life span 60 years , could be moved 5 times

Target Group: Short-term homeless

PLACE, Ladywell

Degree of resident’s participation

Low Involvement (Participation)

Temporary Residents

Council

House Waiting List

Contracor/ Architect

Basic Interior

Fully Furnished

London

3hrs Lorries

ule

Mod

ule

Permanent Residents

Mod

ule

ble em ass Dis

Length of Stay: 30 Years

ile ev /D

Local works who have been living in the area for 30 years, equipped with basic skills to participate in the extension and construction process.

Target Group: Local Residents

Mod

High Fully ly Com furn pa ished cted

Half A House

1 Week Assemble on site in London

3 hrs Transportation from Derbyshire to London

1 Month Fabrication in Derbyshire factory

Derbyshire

Unfinished Strategy - Half A House

CASE STUDY

High Involvement (Participation)

Medium Involvement (Participation)

Low Involvement (Participation)

Permanent Residents

Primary Structure or Shell

Structure for Further Extension

Complex/Hard Constructrion

Additional Structure for Extension

Level of Completion

Temporary Residents

Level of Completion

Basic Interior

Fully Furnished

Level of Completion

Primary Structure or Shell

Structure for Further Extension

Basic Interior

Fully Furnished

Lianjie Wu

Precedent Study

e Ext

r Use

C User

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al al W

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ern Ext

Beyond The Shell

courtyard/ walkway porch the only place where interactions among neighbors may happen

Urban Rigger

Naked House

PLACE, Ladywell

Half a House

Ground floor street-facing commercial space

One basketball playground for 480 families

Case Study:and Modular Community andCOMMUNAL Non-participated MODULE-BASED COMMUNITY NON-PARTICIPATED SPACECommunal Spaces

Community, formed by stacking modules either vertically or horizontally, pay less attention to the communal space. In project Community, formed by stacking modules either vertically or horizontally, pay less attention to the communal space. In project which courages usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; participation, e.g. which courages participation, Naked House and users Halfare a House, participation is only limited in the module, users are Naked House and Halfusersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; a House, the participatione.g. is only limited in the module, given thethe communal spaces if there is any. given the communal spaces if there is any.

Lianjie Wu

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PROFIT-DRIVEN COMMUNAL Case SPACES Study: CASE WestSTUDY: Village Basis- Yard, Profit-Driven Communal Spaces WEST VILLAGE BASIS YARD The concept of the project is inspired by traditional Chinese quadtangle yard (Siheyuan) where 3-4 families live in U-shape 1-2

The concept of the project is inspired by traditional Chinese quadangle yard (Siheyuan) where 3-4 families live in U-shape 1-2 stories building, around a quadyard. stories around quadyard. Quadangle yardthe plays essential role household to bring these families together since the Quadangle yard plays an building, essential role to bringathese families together since during mostan time they do most work and daily activities in the yard.during However, mostformed time in they do most householdresidents work and daily activitites yard. However, this modern quadyard Capitalism is encouraging to consume, which usedintothe be free to its residents. this modern quadyard formed in Capitalism

is encouraging residents to consume, which used to be free to its residents.

http://www.gooood.hk/west-village-basis-yard-by-jiakun-architects.htm

Beyond The Shell

RESIDENTIAL MODULE

COMMUNAL PLATFORMS

RESIDENTIAL COMMUNAL COMMUNAL PLATFORM, FOR RESIDENTS AND BY RESIDENTS MODULE PLATFORMS Communal Spaces For Reaching Out

The project challenge the definition of communal spaces and private living spaces by taking communal spaces as tools for residents to reach out beyond their own shell. Embedded the live-work COMMUNAL PLATFORM, FORliving RESIDENTS AND BYinRESIDENTS scenario, the proposal is for the skilled people and the young generation. 06

Lianjie Wu

COMMUNAL SPACES

owned and controlled by companies

RESIDENTIAL MODULE

‘owned’ and controlled by users

COMMUNAL SPACES

owned and controlled by companies

CURRENT COLLECTIVE LIVING MODEL

communal space

leisure

COMMUNAL SPACES

RESIDENTIAL MODULE

owenership distribution

generate

participation

COMMUNAL SPACES

OWNERSHIP DISTRIBUTION

COMMUNAL SPACES PLATFORM

owned and controlled by individual users profit data/info

RESIDENTIAL MODULE LIVING SPACE

‘owned’ and controlled by users

POSTCAPITALISM COMMUNAL PLATFORM

communal platform

resources

REDEFINING COMMUNAL SPACE Redifining Communal Space, For Residents and By Residents

Srnicek(2017) analyzses theanalyzses failure of capitalism platforms, which will drive into enclosed monopolistic and points out public platform—platforms Srnicek(2017) the failure of capitalism platforms, which will drive platform, into enclosed monopolistic platform, and owned and controlled byout the people importantly, independent of the surveillance state apparatus)—could be aimportantly, possible postcapilism platform. Public platforms are points public(and, platform—platforms owned and controlled by the people (and, independent of the praised by Srnicek since they are advantaged at making use of the data collected by these platforms in order to distribute resources, enable democratic particisurveillance state apparatus)—could be a possible postcapilism platform. Public platforms are praised by Srnicek since pation, and generate further technological development. Srnicek, N. (2017). Platform capitalism.

they are advantaged at making use of the data collected by these platforms in order to distribute resources, enable democratic partici-pation, and generate further technological development.

Site Context What is the housing model for the live-work generation? Urban Planning Policies Current Condition on site

Beyond The Shell Composite Vision Plan Berk

Ground Floor

eR shir

Hackney Wick Conservation Area

o ad

harf

Atlas W

Fish Island & Hackney Wick South a Conservation Area ge Trowbrid

Existing Buildings

Road

Locally Listed Buildings Wallis Ro

d Stree Felstea

Buildings of Townscape Merit

Dispersed Activity Nodes

A1/A3/A4/A5 - Shops /Restaurants/Bars B1/B2/B8 - Buisiness/Industry

Cha pm

C3 - Residential

an R

D1 - Non-residential Institutions

oad

D2 - Assembly & Leisure Local Public Space

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White Post Lan

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Roth

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Ro ac hR d

ier

R hy

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Da R ce

Dace Road

d oa Indicative

10 m

50 m

Composite Vision5Plan Hackney Wick & Fish Island Design & Planning Guidance

(London Legacy Development Corporation, 2014)

Planning Policies Study Post-London 2012 Olympics, a development vision for the Borough of Hackney Wick was proposed by London Legacy Development Corporation in 2014. The vision for Hackney Wick is of a creative quarter to live, work and visit that innovates while building on its unique industrial history and authentic sense of place (London Legacy Development Corporation, 2014). Objectives for the vision of Hackney Wick

1. A vital, mixed-use neighbourhood 2. Improved connectivity 3. A creative and productive future 4. Heritage-led regeneration 5. Local neighbourhood centre 6. Build up on dispersed activity clusters 7. High quality urban design and architecture 8. Defined and urban open spaces 9. Canalside renewal

HACKNEY WICK & FISH ISLAND DESIGN AND PLANNING GUIDANCE

Ref. London Legacy Development Corporation (2014). Hackney Wick and Fish Island Design and Planning Guidance. London.

LONDON LEGACY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION 2014

A Kit of Discrete Parts to Encourage Residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Participation in the Community How to trigger the residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s partipation beyond their own living shell and reach out to the community? U

Structural Consideration U -Strategy for Reaching Out Programme Intervention Potential Architectural Conditions

Beyond The Shell

Mega Structural I Beam

Mega Structural U Beam 7 Mega Structural Elements 7 Days On-site Construction

On-site Construction Photo, 2008 Photo credit: Ensamble Studio

Project Photography Photo credit: Ensamble Studio

Precedent Study: Hemeroscopium House, Ensamble Studio, 2008 The project plays a game with structures placed in an apparently unstable balance. With heavy structures and big actions, disposed in a way to provoke gravity to move the space. The order in which these structures are piled up generates a helix that sets out from a stable support, the mother beam, and develops upwards in a sequence of elements that become lighter as the structure grows. Seven elements in total. It took a year to engineer but only seven days to build the structure, thanks to a total prefabrication of the different elements and a perfectly coordinated rhythm of assembly. 16

Lianjie Wu 16

10 11

D1 14 15

13 8

Structure Model Photo Photo credit: Ensamble Studio

3 5 9

7 8

1 2

4 Detail 1. Double T Connection 1. Double T 2. Steel guide rods 3. Pre-fab guide holes 4. Steel locking plates 5. Crane anchor points 6

5 6

5 2

1 3

D2 1

Super Structure 1. Stripe footing 2. Reinforced concrete retaining wall 3. Reinforced steel I beam 4. Pre-stressed concrete slab 5. Foundations 6. Hollow core slab 7. Concrete double T 8. Reinforced concrete pillars

Detail 2. Wall Detail 9. Reversed artesian beam (concrete) 10. Steel guide rods 11. Steel I beam truss 12. A-shape pillar (steel and concrete) 13. Artesian beam (concrete) 14. Steel vierendeel truss 15. Steel warren truss 16. Granite crowne stone

1. Concrete retaining wall 2. Steel reinforcements 3. Basement slab 4. Service area (pool pump) 5. Hollow core slab 6. pool concrete slab

Hemeroscopium House Structure Study 7 mega structural elements, including mega U-shape and I-shape reinforced concrete beam and steel trusses, were assemble on site within 7 days. The on-site assembly efficiency is achieved thanks to the engineered elements, while the domestic spaces are achieved following the aggregation rules. 17

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3000 .00

0 0.0 150

1500 .00

1500 .00 20 0.00

0 0.0 300 1500 .00 0 0.0 0 0 3

0 0.0 300

0 3000 000.03000 .003 .00

3000 .00

0 0.0 300 3000 .00

1500 .00 0 0.0 300

0 0.0 300

0 0.0 300 0 0.0 300

3000 .00

1500 .00

.000 5000.0 1150

0 0.0 150

0 0.0 300

3000 .00 0 0.0 300

0 0.0 300

0 0.0 150

1500 .00

0 0.0 300

0 0.0 150

0 0.0 150 0 0.0 300

1500 .00

1500 .00 1500 .00 20 0.00 3000 .00

3000 .00

1500 .00 20 0.00 0 0.0 300

1500 .00

0 0.0 300

1500 .00

1500 .00 20 1500 .00 0.00 1500 .00

0 0.0 300

0 0.0 300 1500 .00

0 0.0 300

1500 .00

0 0.0 300

3000 .00 0 0.0 300

3000 .00

1500 .00

0 0.0 300

3000 .00 3000 .00

0 0.0 300

1500 .00 15 00.00 0 0.0 300

0 0.0 300

3000 .00

1500 .00 0 0.0 X 300

0 0.0 300

0 3000 000.0 3.00

0 0.0 300

3000 .00

1500 .00

0 0.0 300

3000 .00

1500 3000.00 .00 0 0.0 300

150000.00 15 .00 0 0.0 300

1500 .00

Beyond The Shell

1500 .00 1500 .00

0 0.0 150

1500 .00 1500 .00

0 0.0 150 0 0.0 150

Broken down elements with the consideration of human scale activities

wire / pipe 0 0.0 150

partion wall/window furniture panel

Spatial possibilities among the parts aggregation in different scales

First Generation of Parts From Mega Structural Elements Break Down

The project further developes the structural strategy from Hemeroscopium House, but breaking the structural elements into pieces in varied scales in order to address more flexibility of the aggregation. 18

Open-end Shell

Lianjie Wu

User Intervention

Initial Section Proposal Composed of Five Apartment Units Typology

4 3

U-Strategy Syntax

U-Shape Apartment Units Typology

-Strategy for Reaching Out

U-shape geometry is taken as a tool to blur the boundary between private living spaces and communal spaces 19

Beyond The Shell

Letters: U-shape and T-shape based single parts

Exp

lor

Words: 2 pieces combination

Sentences: Multiple pieces aggregation for potential spatial qualities

Exp

ing

lor

ing

ten

tia

ten

tia

ass

l se

ing

ctio

Phrases: A small chunk considering diverse human activities

Aggregation Language Exploration

Potential Architectural Conditions

U-shape and T-shape based parts are used to explore potential architectural conditions for the sake of diverse spatial qualities.

Lianjie Wu

trise

high

rise

low

Exploring High-rise and Low-rise Building Possibilities

Parts are used to explore potential architectural conditions, specifically, testing the high-rise and low-rise typologies as initial massing study.

Beyond The Shell

Elevation Study 01

Exploring High-rise and Low-rise Building Possibilities

Parts are used to explore potential architectural conditions, specifically, testing the high-rise and low-rise typologies as initial massing study.

Lianjie Wu

Elevation Study 02 a complex includes high-rise and low-rise

Exploring High-rise and Low-rise Building Possibilities

Parts are used to explore potential architectural conditions, specifically, testing the high-rise and low-rise typologies as initial massing study.

Parts to Whole, Individuals to Community How far can self-build project achieve in urban context? Distributed and Transportable Fabrication Strategy Syntax for the Community Growth Parts to Whole Category for Community-Build Housing Development User Interface for Residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Bespoke Community Community Growth Sequence One Iteration of the Community Plan Simulations

Beyond The Shell

Prefabricated living module is transported to site

Repetitive on-site assemble

ASSESSMENT

Flexibility Respond to site context Construction efficiency Sustainability

Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC)

Conventional on-site construction

Conventional Construction and Prefabrication Technology Comparison

The dominant conventional on-site construction for typical domino structure is flawed in the construction efficiency and the sustainabililty. While the PPVC is embraced by its efficiency and sustainability. However, the modular system, which helps to cut down the manufacturing and fabrication cost, also results in the repetition and less response to the site context.

Lianjie Wu

Digital Materials Definition adjustable spindle

Transportable Fabrication Transportable Fabrication

adjustable spindle

adjustable lift

Robotic Hot Wire Cutting RoboticFoam Hot Wire Mould Cutting for casting Foam Mould for casting

- A more approachable - A more and approachable distributed way and todistributed fabricate way to fabricate without the constraints without of the constraints site of the site

- pieces for moulds - pieces are hotfor wire moulds cut from are 1.8*1.8*3.3m hot wire cut from EPS foam 1.8*1.8*3.3m block EPS foam block - Robotic arm is equipped - Roboticwith armspindle is equipped and itwith canspindle be lifted and to itachieve can be lifted to achieve larger piece fabriction larger piece fabriction

- Break the rules set - Break by mass theproduction rules set by and massstandardization production and standardization based on factory based fabrication on factory fabrication - Fabrication can -be Fabrication achievedcan by the be non-skills achieved commons by the non-skills commons

1. A digital material is a material made out of components with the following properties: â&#x2014;? the set of all the components used in a digital material is finite (i.e. discrete parts). â&#x2014;? the set of the all joints the components of a digital material can form is finite (i.e. discrete joints). â&#x2014;? the assembly process has complete control over the placement of each component ( i.e. explicit placement). 2. Digital materials bring reversibility, simplicity, low cost and speed to free form fabrication in addition to a larger material set.

Basic Geometry Fabrication Basic Geometry Fabrication

Further Customization Further Customization

- Basic geometry is- Basic carved geometry out for further is carved definition out for further definition

- Pieces are further - Pieces defined are byfurther robotic defined carvingby robotic carving according to usersaccording need to users need

concrete casting concrete casting foam mould

foam mould

reinforced rebar reinforced rebar

Concrete CastingConcrete Casting

Structural Reinforcement Structural Reinforcement

- User customized -foam User customized pieces are working foam pieces as moulds are working as moulds for concrete casting for concrete casting

- Reinforced by rebar - Reinforced and castby byrebar concrete, and cast each bypiece concrete, itself each piece itself could behave structurally. could behave structurally.

preinstalled illumination preinstalled illumination

200mm 200mm reinforced concrete reinforced concrete

Build-in Multi-functional Build-inChannels Multi-functional Channels

Slots for Flexible Space Slots for Division Flexible Space Division

- Build-in multi-functional - Build-inchannels multi-functional for preinstalled channels illumination/ for preinstalled illumination/ sliding doors / windows sliding/extra doors insultion / windows walls, /extra tailored insultion to users walls,need tailored to users need

- Each piece contains - Each build piece in slots contains for flexible build in space slots division for flexible and space division and space envelope space envelope - The panels are not - The specificaly panels are defined, not specificaly leaving more defined, freedom leaving to more freedom to users to choose the materials theythe could easily resource. users to choose materials they could easily resource.

Distributed and Transportable Fabrication Strategy

Embeded in the digital materials scenario, each single part can hold adequate information for both structrural and interior considerations. Digital technology, in this case, e.g., robotic arm carving, is adopted to achieve diverse moulds without extra cost, challenging the contraints based on mass production and standardization.

Beyond The Shell

Add Your Pieces

BEYOND THE SHELL

fabricate your pieces for your community, assemble your community-build houses

Parts Category - Choose the basic parts you need from the category for assembly - Customize your own bespoke parts based on your lifestyle - Add your bespoke parts to the category and share them with other users

Ground Level Bearing Parts

User Customization

Add Your Pieces

Cluster Core Parts

User Customization

Add Your Pieces

Shell Extension Parts

User Customization

Shell Extension Parts

User Customization

Shell Extension Parts

Lianjie Wu User Customization

Add Your Pieces

Diagonal Parts

User Customization

Diagonal Parts

User Customization

Add Your Pieces

Complementary Parts

User Customization

Complementary Parts

Add Your Pieces

User Customization

Add Your Pieces

BEYOND THE SHELL

fabricate your pieces for your community, assemble your community-build houses

Parts Category - Choose the basic parts you need from the category for assembly - Customize your own bespoke parts based on your lifestyle Add Your Pieces

Add Your Pieces

- Add your bespoke parts to the category and share them with other users

Beyond The Shell

In-hand Assembly Manual Prospective residents in the community will be provided with an in-hand assembly manual for small scale developments (around 8 householders). The assembly manual will instruct community builders to assemble the parts step by step. Further extension and reconfiguration would be developed based on the same logic. For a large scale development, more expertise needs to be involved.

Lianjie Wu

Pick Yours

Beyond The Shell

Privacy Accessibility

Profitable Area: 130.5 sqm Living Area: > 112.5 sqm Private Working Area: 45 sqm Shared Communal Spaces: 36 sqm

Profitable Area: 121.5 sqm Living Area: > 27*5 sqm Private Working Area: 27 sqm Shared Communal Spaces: 36 sqm

Householders: 4-8

Householders: 5-9

Privacy Accessibility

Profitable Area: 180 sqm Living Area: > 117 sqm Private Working Area: 0 sqm Shared Communal Spaces: 36 sqm

Profitable Area: 63 sqm Living Area: > 27*4 sqm Private Working Area: 31.5 sqm Shared Communal Spaces: 36 sqm

Householders: 4-8

Privacy Accessibility e

Privacy Accessibility f

Profitable Area: 117 sqm Living Area: > 27*5 sqm Private Working Area: 13.5 sqm Shared Communal Spaces: 36 sqm

Profitable Area: 153 sqm Living Area: > 27*4 sqm Private Working Area: 27 sqm Shared Communal Spaces: 36 sqm

Householders: 5-9

Householders: 4-8

Category of Clusters With Varied Degrees of Accessibility and Privacy 32

Prospective residents would be provided with a category of diverse clusters for selection and guidance. The first series of generations explores different spatial qualities for different use.

Table of Cluster Variation

Lianjie Wu

1 +

house for personal trainer house for bike rental shared indoor trainning room

house for TRX & yoga trainer house for skating professional shared indoor trainning space

SHARED TRAINNING ROOM

SHARED TRAINNING ROOM FOR INDOOR SKATING AND TRX

single studio indoor climbing wall reception

single studio

HOUSE FOR CLIMBING

HOUSE FOR TRX & YOGA TRAINER

single studio reception & bike park

single studio

HOUSE FOR BIKE RENTAL

HOUSE FOR SKATES RENTAL & SKATING PROFESSIONAL

2-bedroom family house

single studio

TRX & yoga trainning room

2-bedroom family house

single studio

G AGGREGATION

pology mmunal area (kitchen & dinning room) munal area (kitchen & dinning room)

skates showroom

single studio

HOUSE FOR PERSONAL TRAINER FAMILY

Community for Sports Accessibility Privacy Noise Level Scale of Spaces

0 0 0 0

HOUSE FOR PERSONAL TRAINER

LIVE & SPORTS

Variation 01

10 10 10 10

Sports and fitness cluster

Beyond The Shell

house performing artist house for magician open-air theatre indoor auditorium

single studio single studio public open-air square

SHARED TRAINNING ROOM FOR INDOOR SKATING AND TRX

PUBLIC OPEN-AIR SQUARE FOR PERFORMANCE

2-bedroom family house performance room / instrument storage single studio

HOUSE FOR PERFORMING ARTIST

HOUSE FOR MUSICIAN FAMILY

2-bedroom family house single studio dancing room / rehearsal room

2-BEDROOM FAMILY HOUSE

HOUSE FOR DANCER

single studio stage property storage access to stage

HOUSE FOR MAGICIAN

Variation 02

Community for Performance Accessibility Privacy Noise Level Scale of Spaces

0 0 0 0

SINGLE STUDIO

LIVE & PERFORMANCE Performance and liveshow cluster

10 10 10 10

Lianjie Wu

single studio single studio public open-air square

house for painter house for photographer cluster shared gallery

PUBLIC OPEN-AIR SQUARE FOR PERFORMANCE

CLUSTER SHARED GALLERY FOR ARTISTS

2-bedroom family house performance room / instrument storage

single studio painting room

HOUSE FOR MUSICIAN FAMILY

HOUSE FOR PAINTER

single studio dancing room / rehearsal room

single studio workshop /showroom

HOUSE FOR DANCER

HOUSE FOR FLORIST

SINGLE STUDIO

single studio film darkroom shooting room

book sale cluster shared reading room single studio

HOUSE FOR PHOTOGRAPHER

SINGLE STUDIO

Community for Arts Accessibility Privacy Noise Level Scale of Spaces

0 0 0 0

HOUSE FOR WRITER

LIVE & CREAT

Variation 03

10 10 10 10

Artist cluster

Beyond The Shell

house for babysitter house for babysitter shared babysitting room shared workshop space / classroom

house for teacher house for teacher shared one-to-one tutorial room

CLUSTER SHARED WORKSHOP SPACE

SHARED ONE-TO-ONE TUTORIAL ROOM

single studio shared babysitting room

single studio shared reading room/ book sale

HOUSE FOR BABYSITTER

HOUSE FOR CHILDREN BOOK WRITER

single studio shared babysitting room

2-bedroom family house shared one-to-one tutorial room

HOUSE FOR BABYSITTER

HOUSE FOR TEACHER

single studio shared playground

single studio shared one-to-one tutorial room

HOUSE FOR TEACHER

HOUSE FOR CHEF

Community for Education Accessibility Privacy Noise Level Scale of Spaces

0 0 0 0

Variation 04

10 10 10 10

LIVE & LEARN Education cluster

Lianjie Wu

house for teacher house for teacher shared one-to-one tutorial room

2-bedroom family house single studio shared co-working office area

SHARED ONE-TO-ONE TUTORIAL ROOM

SHARED CO-WORKING AREA

single studio shared reading room/ book sale

2-bedroom family house small talk room

HOUSE FOR CHILDREN BOOK WRITER

HOUSE FOR CO-FOUNDER

SINGLE STUDIO

2-bedroom family house shared one-to-one tutorial room

HOUSE FOR TEACHER

single studio shared one-to-one tutorial room

HOUSE FOR TEACHER

Community for Private Business Accessibility Privacy Noise Level Scale of Spaces

0 0 0 0

LIVE & BUSINESS

Variation 05

10 10 10 10

Private office co-working cluster

Beyond The Shell

Community Chemistry A Gather of Two Live-Work Communities 38

Lianjie Wu

sts

inte

lus

ort

lus

art

working area extension part 1

part 1 distribution

working area extension part 2

part 2 distribution

Third Ring

shared private communal area

dwelling part 1 (single studio)

cluster shared working area

Ring connects all parts part 1 distribution

service parts (kitchen & living & dinning)

shared public communal area

dwelling part 2 (single studio)

First Ring part 2 distribution dwelling part 3 (two bedroom family flat)

part 3 distribution

Second Ring

4000

3000.00

2500

1000

Beyond The Shell

2500

3000.00

0.000

3000.00

2500

3000.00

2000

2.500

3000.00

2500

2000

living unit typology 1

0.000

3000.00

2000

2.000

3000.00

2000

3000.00

2500

3000.00

2500

living unit typology 1

section

2000

3000.00

2500

facade

2.000

2000

3000.00

3500

2500

4000

2500

living unit typology 3

HALF

BEFORE Architect Intervene

HALF

AFTER User Intervene

Minimal Living Shell to Profitable Live-Work Community

Rather than filling the housing market with fully finished unaffordable houses, the system develops the robust shell methodology with a minimal living standard, as a strategy to cut down the construction cost and achieve the affordability for prospective residents. On the other hand, the robustness and the bareness leave residents more freedom to reconfigurate their inhabitatble spaces.

Lianjie Wu

Core Building

Customized Extension

- for basic living demands - core shell without occupiersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; personality

- live-work extension - extented communal shell for working - semi-community gathered based on occupiers interest and personality - a vertical mix of two different interest

Resident-Engaged Development: From The Minimal Robust to The Prosperity Rather than filling the housing market with fully finished unaffordable houses, the system develops the robust shell methodology with a minimal living standard, as a strategy to cut down the construction cost and achieve the affordability for prospective residents. On the other hand, the robustness and the bareness leave residents more freedom to reconfigurate their inhabitatble spaces.

Beyond The Shell

Tower Typology: Residents-engaged Community Reconfiguration The neutral bare shell system is considered as an open-end typology for residents in the community. The typology is tested out from low-rise building block for small communities to high-rise building block for large communities. Essentially, due to the compatibility of each single cluster, the extension is relatively independent, decreasing the negative impact on neighbors. Composed of discrete parts, the extension can be assembled and disassembled with a certain amount of tools, ensuring the reconfiguration of the community.

Bare shell - Y1 - 0%

Reconfigurated - Y2 - 100%

Reconfigurated - Y2 - 50%

Reconfigurated - Y2 - 33%

Reconfigurated - Y2 - 25%

Reconfigurated - Y2 - 20%

Reconfigurated - Y2 - 17%

Static - Y5 - 100%

Reconfigurated - Y5 - 100%

Reconfigurated - Y5 - 66%

Reconfigurated - Y5 - 50%

Reconfigurated - Y5 - 40%

Reconfigurated - Y5 - 50%

Static - Y8 - 100%

Reconfigurated - Y8 - 100%

Reconfigurated - Y8 - 75%

Reconfigurated - Y8 - 60%

Reconfigurated - Y8 - 67%

Static - Y10 - 100%

Reconfigurated - Y10 - 100%

Reconfigurated - Y10 - 80%

Reconfigurated - Y10 - 67%

LEVEL OF COMMUNITY-BUILD Apartment unit GFA: 54 sqm Additional parts: 6 pieces

Prospective residents can express their preference for their community when they apply the community-build apartment. The parameters will be used as design and allocation input for further development.

User Interface: The Expression of Interest for a Bespoke Community

live with the community work with the community contribute to the community get back from the community

APPLY FOR MY COMMUNITY-BUILD APARTMENT

Lianjie Wu

CLUSTER GROWTH STAGE

rea

ual a

divid

um in

minim

Apartment unit GFA: 27 sqm

LEVEL OF COMMUNITY-BUILD

min saved cost based on the ‘value’ of self-build work £

degree of the completion

in imum max

Apartment unit GFA: 72 sqm Additional parts: 4 pieces

rea

£££££

max

Apartment unit GFA: 81 sqm Additional parts: 2 pieces

ual a divid

User Interface: The Expression of Interest for a Bespoke Community

Apartment unit GFA: 54 sqm Additional parts: 6 pieces

Beyond The Shell

shell e

stag

extension stage year 10

Cluster GFA: 792 sqm

ster e clu of th

year 1

th grow max

User Interface: The Expression of Interest for a Bespoke Community

Profitable Area: 72 sqm Living Area: 252 sqm Private Working Area: 58.5 sqm Shared Communal Spaces: 72 sqm

Cluster GFA: 454.5 sqm

PREFERENCE OF YOUR NEIGHBORS FOR YOUR BUSINESS

bare

Cluster GFA: 288 sqm

CLUSTER GROWTH STAGE

Lianjie Wu

46 ty

varie

aparment unit working area for small business

Allocated with SIMILAR business Allocated with VARIED business

User Interface: The Expression of Interest for a Bespoke Community

Allocated with SIMILAR business

PREFERENCE OF PRIVACY AND ACCESSIBILITY

less

Allocated with SAME business

PREFERENCE OF YOUR NEIGHBORS FOR YOUR BUSINESS

Art Performance Sports Education Private Office add your business

YOUR BUSINESS

ty varie more

Allocated with VARIED business

Beyond The Shell

NINE-STOREY housing block for 8-16 householders community

Householders 1

large

Allocated with VARIED business

unity m com scale

User Interface: The Expression of Interest for a Bespoke Community

LOW-RISE housing complex for 8-16 householders community

unity

ale c omm

sma ll sc

2-8 householders small community

COMMUNITY SCALE

Lianjie Wu

Interior Simulation View From Communal Space

Beyond The Shell

Community Growth Sequence Pre-allocated Structural Core by expertise Essential Construction Tools for Further Growth Bespoke Assembly Parts Newly Developed Area

Phase 1 Initial Allocation 5% Intervention Assessment Community Professional

Phase 2 Small Scale Development 8% Intervention Assessment Community Professional

Phase 3 Community Gathering 15% Intervention Assessment Community Professional

Phase 4 Growth and Reconfiguration 25% Intervention Assessment Community Professional

Lianjie Wu

Phase 5 Extention to Large Scale Development 35% Intervention Assessment Community Professional

Phase 6 Growth and Reconfiguration 40% Intervention Assessment Community Professional

Phase 7 Growth and Reconfiguration 60% Intervention Assessment Community Professional

Phase 8 Growth and Reconfiguration 80% Intervention Assessment Community Professional

Phase 9 Growth and Reconfiguration 90% Intervention Assessment Community Professional

20m

PEDESTRIAN DECK FLOOR PLAN Beyond The Shell 6.000m PEDESTRIAN DECK FLOOR PLAN 6.000m 1. Public-shared communal core 2. Apartment unit 3. Private-owned communal space a. Exhibition space / Gallery b. Reading room c. Workshop d. Auditorium e. Open-air cafe f. Open-air theatre g. Fitness centre h. Office

4. Private working space 5. Overpass to Victoria Park 6. Cycling lane 7. Skate park 8. To Hackney Wick Station 9. Bus stop

Pre-allocated community core by expertise Reaching out communal spaces Pedestrian deck circulation Simulation Perspective: A-E N 0m 1m

10m

20m

PEDESTRIAN DECK FLOOR PLAN 4

6.000m 2 6

3 a

2 3 a

3 f

3 b

3 c 3 a

3 c

3 e

2 1

2 2

BUS

10m

3 c

STO

3 d 2

E 2 2 3 d 4

1 2 2

2 3 b

3 a

Lianjie Wu

S BU

STO

TO SS

3 g

3 h

2 3 g

3 g

2 1

2 2

2 2 3 e

3 g

2 2 2

3 g 2

BUS 53

STO

Beyond The Shell

Simulation A Large Scale Community-led Self-build Development 54

Lianjie Wu

Simulation B Lifted Pedestrian Deck and Open-air Public Ground Floor

Simulation C External Courtyard Formed by the gather of communities

Simulation D A Co-live and Co-work Affordable Housing Generated by Community-led Self-builders

Simulation E 60

A piece of work by the author for Architecture MArch (ARB/RIBA Part 2) in Bartlett, University College London, London, UK.

Author Lianjie Wu E wlj13626@gmail.com T +44 (0)7874270768

Design Studio Tutor Mollie Claypool Jeroen Van Ameijde

Year June, 2018