NOMAD
NOMAD TREE RESORT COMMUNITY A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of NewSchool of Architecture & Design In Partial Fullfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture by: Deysi Karina Montes Castillo June 2015 San Diego, CA
Figure 1.1-Step into the Amazon
Š 2015
Deysi Karina Montes Castillo NewSchool of Architecture & Design ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Thesis Abstract Nomad Tree Resort Community
The Amazon rainforest is the largest tropical jungle in the world. It has a surface area greater than Western Europe. The forest shelters great diversity of living species and is home to more than a fifth of the fresh water on planet earth. At the moment the Amazon rainforest is bought for cheap to be sold at very expensive rates. This rich Ecosystem could essentially die back after all the exploitation is subjected to; as a result, by the year 2025 we could be encountering with a new landscape of the Amazon not as a rainforest but as a Savannah. Through investigation of the different ways in which I could create a positive impact through Architecture to this devastating prognostic; I had to consider that people have all the information possibly needed about this issue; but there is no way people can engage with the current events if they do not have the opportunity to know and experience the Amazon rainforest in a sustainable way. You cannot love what you don’t know and you don’t know what you don’t experience. Architecture provides me with the necessary tools to create the nexus between the Amazon rainforest and the traveler; in this case it serves as the way in which people can be welcomed to reconnect with the origins our lives which is nature. Showing that it is possible to offer a shelter that can be nestled in the Amazon rainforest; led to the design of Nomad, the low impact Eco Resort in Puerto Maldonado, Peru.
NOMAD TREE RESORT COMMUNITY A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of NewSchool of Architecture & Design by: Deysi Karina Montes Castillo
Approved by:
Undergraduate Chair: Leonard Zegarski
Theisis Instructor: Jorge Ozorno
Dedication This work is dedicated to my family for supporting and guiding me in every step of my life. A special feeling of gratitude to my loving parents, Sergio Montes and Margarita Castillo whose words of encouragement and continious support made possible the completion of this degree in Architecture. Thanks for inspiring and showing that the most important thing in life is to be happy and love. I love you very much and i will always be greatful .
Anknowledgments I would also like to thank the rest of my family, who encouraged me to pursue my dreams farther away from my own limits, specially my little sister Brenda Montes who shines my days with her presence. To classmates and friends that I had the privilege to meet and enjoy their friendship along my studies because they were the support that helped me through in moments of doubt and weakness. I learned so much from them and my life has been inspired by their passion for architecture and their friendship. To my various instructors from Peru and United States who could spark in me the passion and love for Architecture, who answer many questions and taught knowledge that, will go with me for life. A special thanks to my Professor Jorge Ozorno who pushed me farther away from my limits in order to find the answers I was looking for and because his guidance made my project to be accomplished Thank you to everybody who influenced me along my journey through school, spetially to Maciej Niedzwiecki who taught me that patience and good will in any project that comes across life are the true routes to success.
Table of Contents Title Page 3 Copyright Page 6 Thesis Abstract 7 Signature Page 9 Dedication 11 Chapter 1 : Introduction 15 Facts About the RainForest 16 Problem Statement 22 Critical Position 33 Thesis Statement 35 Chapter 2 : Case Studies 36 Chapter 3: Site Analysis 44 The Battle for Madre de Dios 50 Tourism 55 Chapter 4: Design 65 The Concept 66 Master Plan 68 Circulation 70 Towers 72 Bungalows 74 Restaurant 78 Structures 84 Systems 88 Chapter5: Conclusions 92 Final Boards 96 List of References 96 List of Figures 97
Figure 1.2- Sustentabel
Introduction
1
Facts about the Amazon Rainforest
Figure 1.3- Amazon Map
50-90% of Earth’s species in tropics. 40% of medicines are derived from plants and animals. The total number of plant species is estimated to be 40,000. One of every five of all the birds in he world species live in the Amazon. 6-11 species of all animals are lost in the Amazon per day this translates to 1% of Amazon forest per year More fish species can be found in a single pond in Amazon than in all European rivers together The Amazon rainforest covers 7 million square kilometers of land 50-200 different tree species per hectare in Amazon Rainforest. The Amazon River has one fifth of the world’s fresh water. Amazon River flows through nine countries: Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, Peru with 13% , Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana
The Amazon is a vast region of the central and northern part of South America comprising the rainforest of the Amazon basin. The adjacent region of the Guyanas also has rainforests, so various times is considered part of the Amazon. It is considered that its extension reaches 6 million km2 distributed in nine countries; Brazil and Peru have the largest
Venezuela
extension followed by Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana, Venezuela, Suriname and French Guyana. The Amazon is known for being one of the most biodiverSE eco-regions in the world. In November 11, 2011 the Amazon rainforest was declared one of the seven natural wonders of the world by the UN.
Guyana Suriname French Guyana
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Bolivia
Figure 1.4- Amazon map and Deforestation
Brazil
Untouched Forest Deforestation up to 1997 Deforestation from 1998-2006
Figure 1.5- Facts about the Amazon
Problem Statement
The environment is a very important issue in the world. Currently, many governments from South America are changing their laws and regulations in order to create improvement in the Amazon situation. The Amazon is the world’s largest forest and represents half the world’s remaining rainforest. It contains the largest collection of plants and animals in the world.
Figure 1.6- Girl from Shipibo Tribe
Thousands of tourists travel to the Amazon every year to see them and experience its extraordinary beauty. Many medicines of our time are derived from compounds of the Plants found in the rainforest. The Amazon is also home to twenty million people that live in the jungle including thousands of indigenous tribes that still live according to their traditional lifestyle.
Amazon deforestation starts in 1977 with the new of the construction of the highway Transamazonica. Since then, deforestation began and has continued for many more reasons. Originally many people wanted to use the region to grow crops, but they were not aware that the Amazon’s lands have very poor soils for farming. So many trees had to be cut down in order to lay down new soy farms.
Moreover, deforestation continued because companies and government wrongly believed it was more beneficial to use the region for raising cattle instead of preserving. Today, about 91% (approximately 700,000 km2) of total deforestation has been because of the misinformation, farming and raising.
Figure 1.7- View of a Combine working in agricultural land in Santa Carmem, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Another cause of deforestation is the farming of soybeans to be export. Many international companies use soy biodiesel because they think it is more sustainable and environmentally friendly, but this is not true because soy is
not sustainable development. Many international companies use soy biodiesel because they think it is more sustainable and environmentally friendly, but this is not true because soy is not sustainable development.
Figure 1.7- Tragedy and transformation: Deforestation in the Amazon
Figure 1.9 - Cattle and Farm land in the Amazon Rainforest
Natural Capital Here is what we get from wood
WOOD
... But here is what we get from
TREES
WOOD FUEL EMPLOYMENT
Here is a value we can put on
WOOD
Amazonian deforested real estate value $300/ hectare -- amount for which farmers would part with their land (Serr達o and Homma 1993) Amazonian forested land $150/hectare
Here is the business value of
WOOD
$ 0.4 Trillion Global value for timber industry
... But look what happends when we value
TREES
If left intact, their value for flood protection, carbon capture as breeding ground for fish is in excess of $21,000 a hectare
But we are in the business of valuing
TREES
$ 3.7 Trillion
Value considering of conserving forests just to cut greenhouse gas emissions
Figure 1.10- Natural Capital and The Price of the Wood
RAINFORESTS DEFORESTATION IN THE WORLD
46,000 to 50,000 square miles of forests are destroyed annually
That’s equal to 36 football fields that are being destroyed every 30 minutes
Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests to make land available for other uses
Forests cover 31 % of the planet’s land area
In 1950 about Today rainforests cover only the 6% 15% of the Earth’s land area was covered by rainforest
The Problem has multiple Roots
Road Building Logging
Cattle Ranging Mining Hydroelectric Damas
7 countries cause 60 % of Earth Total Deforestation
Russia Canada
USA
Brasil
Congo
USA has just :
Indonesia
...But uses 5% of the World’s Population
27% of earth industrial wood
More than 200,000 acres of rainfores are burned each day mostly for cattle ranching
That is equivalent to 237 Central Parks burn down daily
The World’s forests currently store More 1 Trillion Tons of Carbon
Thats twice the amount floating in the Atmosphere
Deforestation is responsible for the 15% of all Greenhouse Emissions
A mature tree produces as much oxygen in a season as 10 people inhale in 1 year
If we don’t stop deforestation 80 to 90% of tropical will be destroyed by the year 2020
Figure 1.11 - Deforestation, Our disappearing Woodlands
3.4 hectare is the average size per farmer in the Amazon 27 trees are damaged for every tree extracted Average population density is 2.7 people per 100 hectares Amazonian forested land avarages around $150 per hectare Amazon deforestation rates goes from 1.5 to 3 million hectares per year The hardwood pices go around $ 1998 per 35/m3 Only in the last 40 years, 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest has been deforested. This is the highest rate compared to 450 years ago before colonization The decline of indigenous tribes as their lands were invaded and destroyed is one of the biggest impacts of the deforestation. $422 is the cost for an hectare for extractable nontimber resources such as fruits, latex, nuts, etc. There are more than 105,000 miles (170,000 kilometers) of these roads, most made illegally by loggers to reach mahogany and other hardwoods for the lucrative export market.
It All Starts with the Highway Coursing 2,000km through the heart of the Amazon rainforest, the Trans-Amazonian Highway was one of the region’s first roads, constructed in the 1970s as a crude track hacked through dense foliage – “highway” was a generous description. It was built to connect the Amazon to Brazil’s growing farming and cattle breeding economy, and over the years, virgin forests have given way to cattle ranches, logging stations and gold mines. (Coen Wubbels)
Figure 1.12- Highway Map- Source: Google
Figure 1.13- TransAmazonica construction
Figure 1.14- TransAmazonica Highway
Figure 1.15- Amazon Deforestation
Critical Position The rainforests of our world are being predated by the human for economic interests because of its richness in natural resources. This problem touches the Amazon rainforest and with it drags a chain of issues of global importance; such as climate change, loss of species, soil erosion, and water cycle between others. Through the research made for this thesis the creation of a new way of building in the amazon was achieved. The Tree Resort Community serves as the nexus between the travelers and the nature providing them with shelter, relaxation, swimming, zip lining between others. The main purpose of this resort is to create a low impact architecture that can serve as a reference in the Peruvian Amazon. Using materials that can be grown fast such as the bamboo, this resort aims to have a minimal environmental impact in the area. At the same time it aims to bring economy flow to the Area of Puerto Maldonado and Madre de Dios. This proposal works as method to build architecture for ecotourism that can allow bringing people from around the world that can learn that is possible to enjoy and respect nature without destroying and that is important to preserve the trees, ecosystems and the natural resources of the site.
"The worst thing that can happen during the 1980s is not energy depletion, economic collapses, limited nuclear war, or conquest by a totalitarian government. As terrible as these catastrophes would be for us, they can be repaired within a few generations. The one process ongoing in the 1980s that will take millions of years to correct is the loss of genetic and species diversity by the destruction of natural habitats. This is the folly that our descendants are least likely to forgive us for".
The Harvard’s Pulitzer Prize-winning biologist Edward O. Wilson
Thesis Statement The Rainforest Amazon is going towards a lurid destiny if we don’t take action. This project aims to show that it is possible present new ways of building in the Amazon Rainforest. Through wood structural systems is possible to build this Eco resort that is pinned in the trees causing a minimal impact in nature. By using these methods Nomad Eco Resort presents itself as a new example to follow in the area and provides a space that can be used to enjoy and appreciate the Amazon, to learn to love it, respect it and to change consumerist mindsets in people.
Figure 2.1 Orange Butterfly
Case Studies
2
Finca Bellavista in Costa Rica The Finca Bellavista is a sustainable community of houses that have been built in the trees. It was founded by Erica and Matt Hogan in 2006, which had the initiative of saving a great portion of the jungle in order to transform it in a community of 27 houses. The nearest town to the site is 2 miles away and the village la slayed out so it can sustain itself without the need of other neighbor communities. This community has a unique design and has all the amenities: common space, food court, bathrooms, cafeteria and Wi-Fi area. It even has a piping system, that catches the waters from the mountain and all the constructions are connected by ridges. The residents of Finca Bellavista rent this place or just buy. This community cherishes the simple life and the less ordinary design. The sense of community as part of the jungle is the main objective for this place.
Figure 2.2- Finca Bellvavista
Figure 2.2- Finca Bellvavista zip lining
The HemLoft Pod in Whistler, Canada
This cabin was designed to fit on a tree. The materials used and fully recycled from Craigslist website. This is a small shelter design by the carpenter Joel Allen. This project implied help from friends and family this is why the project has a very emotional value. Three dreams come true from a man that has a strong connection with the forest and had the dream to live within it. The search for the perfect tree that Joel started was based the sense of place and it was not too difficult to achieve and aesthetics, so that the proportions of the house would be in harmony with the earth and the beautiful environment where is located. This is a natural process that all builders gothrough when they try to find the appropriate local materials and present a suitable design for the site. Joel has realized that the construction of this little place in the trees was an expression of his personality, something that very often people do not have the opportunity to discover when they buy a house designed for a person who does not exist in life real.
The HemLoft Pod in Whistler, Canada
Figure 2.4- Hemloft Pod in Whistler
Bright Tree Village from Star Wars Movie Bright Tree Village takes place fifty meters above the ground, in the canopy of a Happy Groove Forest. However, the entire village is not on the trees, some of the houses are in lower levels, for example, the residence of the Warrick family that was built on the ground. This village shelters around 200 and has a social organization being the hoses of the Chief and elders the ones that were located on the center of the village, close to the Place of Sickness and open public spaces. The Ewooks considered that the high location could help them to protect themselves against the Goraxes.
Figure 2.5 : The Art of Ralph McQuarrie / Star Wars
Figure 3.1 Reflections of the Amazon
Site Analysis
3
In order to have access to this part of Peru from outside the country, the first thing would to arrive to the city of Lima. If we come from USA the flight usually will last around 9 hours.
Location
South America
San Diego 9 hours
Lima-Peru
Figure 3.2: From the Milky Way to the Freeway 1
After arriving to the Capital of Lima, the next thing is taking a plane to the city of Puerto Maldonado in the Region of Madre de Dios. Usually, because of the closeness to Cuzco, (one of the main touristic areas of Peru) people goes to Cuzco first and enjoy the majesty of the Macchu Picchu before driving down the Trans Amazonic road to arrive to Puerto Maldonado. If flying it would take 30 minutes, if driving it takes around 8 hours.
Cuzco 30 min Lima 2.30 h
Figure 3.3: From the Milky Way to the Freeway 2
Madre de Dios Puerto Maldonado
Br. Bol.
Amaz
SITE
Puerto Maldonado 1hour 40 minutes
Figure 3.4: From the Milky Way to the Freeway 3
The region of Madre de Dios has a total surface of 85,301 km2 and represents the 6,6% of the national territory. The province of Tambopata is the biggest and covers the 42, 5% of the territory. The region of Madre de Dios was part to the old Inca area called ‘Antisuyo’. It is located at the southeast of the Peruvian territory. The name Madre de Dios started between the years 1825 till 1848 and it was related to a legend from Cuzco when the Virgin Mary image was found in the river basin. The region limits with Bolivia by the East, Brazil by the North, Cuzco and Ucayali by the West and with Cuzco and Puno by the South. The most efficient access to Madre de Dios is through plane, because during rainy season the roads can be very unreliable. Inside this region the most common transportation is through the principal rivers in canoes. The transport of commerce, food supply it is done through the rivers, therefore, the rivers become the main transportation and communication channel of this region. It has an international border of 584 km, and shares 314 km with Brazil and 270 km with Bolivia. The region of Madre de Dios is divided in 3 political provinces and 11 districts.
Brazil
Bolivia
Figure 3.5: From the Milky Way to the Freeway 4
The Battle for Madre de Dios
Protected Natural Areas 3’762,942 Acres The 44.2% of the surface of Madre de Dios is part of the National System of the Natural areas Protevted. It has a total of 3’762,942 acres
Population Year 1940 - 4,905 Year 2011 - 124,404
Deforestation
Deforestation 1990 Deforestation 2000 Deforestation per year (acre) Deforestaion 2009
79,267.85 203,878.80 12,461.10 316,028.70
Chestnut Areas Native Comunities
Concessions of Hydrocarbons
Figure 3.6- Battle for Madre de Dios
-Lot 76 with exploration contract -Lot 157 with suspended suscription Natural area protected: 381,073.93 acres. This is equivalent to 94.71% to the total area os the Comunal Reservation of Amarakaeri
Hydroelectrict Inambari
The project will take place in the delta of theInambari and Araza rivers, in the vertex of the Regions of Cuzco, Puno and Madre de Dios. It will crate an artifitial lake of 37,700 acres. The influence area overlaps with the Bahuaja Sonene National Park
f
a
The Use of the Territory Road: Interoceanica Sur (403 km) This road crosses Madre de Dios and goes trhough the wood consessions and the National Reservations.
Mining Rights in Madre de Dios
Description
Quantity Extention acres 1,981
452,677.65
Mining Rights with title in process 942
320,840.00
Mining Right with title
56,551.35
Mining Rights Extint
213
Quarries and others
71
1,113.56
3,207
831,182.56
Total
From the Mining Rights tittles given only 82 are formal and satisfy all the requisits to be operative
Evolution of the GOLD PRICE
In 2011 the gold has increased its price in a 34.14% . The highest peak was in september 2011 we the cost was $ 1923.20 the onze
REFORESTATION CONSESsIONS
Madre de Dions has 245 consessions given for reforestation, that adds a total of 112,009.45 acres, equivalent to 1.32% of the total territory.
Forestal Consessions for non wood extractable reasons
Wood Consessions The forests of permanent productions cover the 25.03% of the Territory of Madre de Dios. This includes the consessions for wood extraction that is around 15.26% of the territory (1’291.087 acres)
Type of Right Consessions for other forest products
# of areas 1,138
Acres 1’006,939
Consessions for conservation
8
783,312.34
Consessions for Eco-tourism
18
59,774.03
The concessions for other products of the forest ( chestnut and shiringa) cover around the 12 % of territory
“Madre de Dios is the region with highest index of Biodiversity in Peru; the city is going through transformations without precedents. Different economic activities are overlapping between each other and with the Reservation Areas. Therefore, this results in truly big battle to reorient the use of the resources on this natural paradise� Luis Otsuka Salazar, Regional Gobernos of Madre de Dios, Peru
Consequences that can not be hidden The graphics show how in two decades the deforested ares has increased dramatically. Between the illegal mining, deforestation, the burning of land soon there will be left nothing.
Deforested Areas
Figure 3.6: Consequences that can’t be Hidden Images of Deforestation by AIDER (Asociacion para la Investigacion y el Desarrollo Integral) Satelital Images in the Area of Huancamayo from 2005 -2011
Tourism Around the World
Tourism Key Figures 9% of GDP-direct, indirect included impact
1 IN 11 jOBS US $ 1.4 TRILLION IN EXPORTS
6% of the world’s exports
Types of Ecotourism
from 25 million of international touristd in 1950
Responsible visit of natural spaces through the conservation of biodiversity of the area
to 1087 million in 2013
That ta that
5 to 6 billion domestic tourits 2014
1.8 billion international tourists forecast for 2030
Ecotourism
Nature Tourism
2015
Targeted to visits to nat places that have minim human impact
Figure 3.7: Tourism Around the World
akes place in a comunity t has native lifestyles
Experiential T.
tural mal
Tha has place in agrarian communities and that involves the collaboration with them
Adventure T.
Agrotourism
Non conventional with outdoors experiences that inquire physical effort
Non conventional that refers to rituals and alternative ways to approach the nature such as Shamanic ceremonies
Investigation T.
Mistic T.
It contributes with the study of the natural areas to spread the knowledge and share it
Tourism Around the World
EUROPE
47 Countries
NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
23 Countries
SOUTH AMERICA
AFRICA
12 Countries
54 Countries
Internat Internat
*Asia and Africa (bo *In the Am *China has 129 billion * Despite 25 million i 52%42%
23% 31%
15% 20%
5% 4%
5% 3% Info from :
Figure 3.8: Tourism Around the World 1
ASIA & OCEANIA
41 Countries MIDDLE EAST
17 Countries
tional Tourist Arrivals 2013: 1087 Million of People around the World tional Tourism receipts in 2013: 11559 billion $
the Pacific recorded the strongest growth with a 6% increase in arrivals, followed by Europe and oth +5%). mericas, international arrivals grew by 3%, while in the Middle East they were flat. s consolidated its position as the number one tourism sourcemarket in the world, spending US$ on international tourism occasional shocks, international tourist arrivals have shownvirtually uninterrupted growth – from in 1950 to 278 million in 1980, 528 million in 1995, and 1087 million in 2013.
United Nations World Tourism Organization 2013 Tourism Highlights
Tourism Revenue in Peru EUROPE 477.,956 of tourists
fRANCE 151 000
NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
sPAIN: 199 USA: 620 000 $
2.’181.,876 of tourists
COL 12000$
BRAZIL 163000$
Arg. 124000 $ BRAZIL 163000$
SOUTH AMERICA 12000 of tourists cHILE: 232 000 $
International Tourism in Peru and Income 3,9 M. 3,1 M. 2,8 M.
2,5
Million
2,7
3,0
Million Million
2011
2012
Figure 3.9- Tourism in Peru Revenue
2013
AFRICA 3673 of tourists
0$
9 000 jAPAN 129 000$
ASIA & OCEANIA 161,000 of tourits
MIDDLE EAST 27000 of tourists aUSTRALIA 76000
In 2014 Peru received 3.16 million of International Visitors It generated 2300 000 $ of dollars to the country
Tourist Profile in Peru
The best Tourist Prospect This segment was conformed by 783 474 foreign people (26 % of the total of foreign people), whon left US$ 1 701 millions during their visit. The number of these vititors increases in a 38 % in respecto to the 2012 Sex
Men 54%
Marital Status
Part of couple 51%
Children
Studies
College or more 94%
Age
Years
Children younger that 14 10%
Anual Family Income
Thousand of US$
-This kind of tourist is more well prepared for the trip and it show clear differences with the conventional segment. The media age is older and the family income is higher. -Plan the trip ahead of time -Come mainly alone or in couples and mire than hald (59%) got a touristic package. -Usually stayed on hotels of 3, 4 y 5 stars.
Figure 3.10- Tourism in Peru Revenue 1
Activities Activities
sun & Beach
Culture
Visit churcher / cathedral / convents 87 % Visit archeological sites 87 % Visit Musseums 67 % visit parks, plazas 63 % walk, visit the city 58 % guided city tour 56 % vitit native communities 33 % Participate of local festivities 7 % visit gastronomic routes 6 % participate of religious festivities 4 %
Nature
Visit Natural or reserved areas 67 % Observation of birds 37 % Observation of Flora 36 % Observation of mamals (animal) 31 % Observation of Insects 17 % Travel through rivers, lakes, Lagoons 1 1 % Trecking 25 % Campings 6 % Surf 2 %
Figure 3.10- Tourism in Peru Revenue 1
ADVENTURE
COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE Tourist Profile in Peru: Countries of Residence
EUROP
CANADA 6%
NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
USA 25%
ARGENTINA 3%
AFRICA BRAZIL 6%
SOUTH AMERICA CHILE 6%
Figure 3.11- Coutries of Residency
PE
UNITED KINGDOM 3%
GERMANY 4% FRANCE 6% SPAIN 6% JAPAN 6%
ASIA & OCEANIA
MIDDLE EAST
A AUSTRALIA 3%
Figure 4.1- Nomad Bungalow
Design
4
The Concept The concept is driven by the organic layout of the site which is located in the Peruvian Amazon. The main criteria of the concept are to preserve the trees and reduce the environmental impact to less than a half. The tree community Resort conception took shape because of the idea of the first interaction with the environment as an individual; which is the mother’s womb. Analyzing how the life in the amazon takes place, everybody seems to have a shelter and its place in the jungle. The cocoon is able to give perfect accommodation to people that is not yet used to the wilderness of the jungle but that has the big interest to get to know it. At the same time the cocoon naturally blends in with the landscape and nature allowing to keep the criteria of the low impact architecture. This is inspired through many shapes and forms that are found in nature that camouflage gently within the tree. This natural forms take the tree as support, refugee and live through it
Figure 4.2- Basquet Cocoon
Figure 4.3- The Cocoon and Habitat
Master Plan
Bungallows
Tower
Restaurant
Figure 4.4- Master Plan The Nomad Eco Resort has 3 acres of land under its concession. Only 20,000 square feet are built. Between spaces for Bungallows, Public and Private spaces are layed out. The main access point is through the dock, coming from the rive. The welcome center serves as an organizational space that splits the project through the bridges. The entire circulation is through bridges.
Swimming Pool
Spa
Welcome Center
Dock
Bungallows
t
Tower
Circulation 1st Level The First Level circulation is 1000 square feet. The circulation starts at the dock where people is able to walk through the entire resort without disturbing the privacy of the guests. The Access to the Welcome Center, swimming pool and to the towers start at the first level. This organizational ways also serve as orientation for the guests since the jungle is very dense. The first level is entirely Public circulation
Dock Entrance
Public Circulation Welcome Center
Figure 4.5-Circulation First Level
Circulation 2nd Level The Second Level has a total area of 1600 square feet. In this case the circulation starts after the dock, at the Welcome Center. Every 300 feet there is a Tower, that works as an organizational space and emergency exit. People are able to go up and down of the resort only through the towers. They also work as structural systems that allow to hold the catenary bridges and organize the circulation through zip lines as well. In the second level there is also private circulation that is 35 to 45 feet away from the public circulation in order to provide a sense of privacy in the resort. The second level is at an elevaion of 32 feet.
Dock Entrance
Public Circulation Private Circulation Organizing Tower
Figure 4.6-Circulation 2nd Level
Figure 4.7- The Circulation Tower There are 7 towers along the entire project. They are located to serve the guests as organizational and evacuation scpace. At the same time they serve as structural system to support the bridges.
Group Bungalow There are 11 Group bungallows in the Resort. Each bungalow has a total area of 400 square feet. It is held on on two trees through a wood structural system. There can be 2 to 3 beds in the room . It also has access to a balcony in order to appreciate the sorroundings. The access is thorugh the main public bridge and then through a private 30 feet bridge that allows the unit to keep privacy from the other guests.
Dock Entrance
Group Bungallow
Figure 4.8-Group Bungalow location
Figure 4.9-Group Bungalow Interior Render
Figure 4.10-Group Bungalow Floor Plan
Couple Bungalow There are 11 Couple bungallows in the Resort. Each bungalow has a total area of 550 square feet. It is held on on three trees through a wood structural system. It also has access to a balcony in order to appreciate the sorroundings. The access is thorugh the main public bridge and then through a private 30 feet bridge that allows the unit to keep privacy from the other guests.
Dock Entrance
Couple Bungallow
Figure 4.12-Couple Bungalow Location
Figure 4.3-Couple Bungalow Interior Render
Figure 4.14 Couple Bungalow Floor Plan
Restaurant & Arrival Dock The restaurant has a total area of 1300 square feet. Just as a typical Amazonian canoe the Restaurant is stranded on the riverbank by the Entrance dock. It has a supply area, restrooms, kitchen and dining area. It does not have any closure allowing full welcoming views. The arrival dock has a total area of 100 square footge.Both areas are supported by a structural wood system that allows the archittecture to be on top of the river.
Figure 4.15 Restaurant and Arrival Dock
Dock Entrance
Restaurant and Arrival Dock
Figure 4.16 Restaurant and Arrival Dock Location
Figure 4.17 Restaurant Render
Welcome Center & Spa The welcome center has an area of 1000 square feet. Its the first place where the guests get to stay still before they follow to their bungallows. This area provides space for different leisure activities such as reunions, souvenir shopping, sunset observation, and resting. It has 2 levels that allows this space to tbe an organizator and main articulation of the Resort. The Spa has an area of 2000 square feet including the swimming pool. This space is the relaxing part of the project. On the second level, it has a platform for yoga an a platform for Massage therapy. Also on the first level is where the open pool is located.
Spa
Dock Entrance
Welcome center & Spa
Figure 4.18 Welcome Center and Spa Location
Welcome center
Figure 4.19 Spa Floor Plan
Figure 4.20- Welcome Center
Structures Nomad Tree Resort Community uses the architecture as a path in order to find the solution that best benefits the environment and the trees in the site. The way this is possible is through a wooden structure that will make possible to pin the bungalows to the tree without harming them. This structures have the possibility to be tailored to each tree on site.
Figure 4.21- Structures Render
Pressure treated lumber
Wooden rings that are held together through perforations to the tree
Wood connections attached to the wood rings that give stability to the piece and allow attachment of the bungalow floor
Wooden rings that are held together through perforations to the tree
Figure 4.22- Tree Lumber Pieces
Rubber band that allows a gap for pressure and growth for the tree.
The structural system will be able to support the load of the floor
The balconies will be surrounded by regular railing built on site.
Figure 423- Tree Lumber Pieces and Floor
The wood floors will be placed on top of the tree structure. They also will be fasten with steel ties
The roofs are supported with a wood structure that is fastened with the tree.
The wall fenestrations for windows and doors are cformed by air spaces between the curved lamber pieces in order to create great views and a sense of integration with the tree.
Figure 4.24- Tree Lumber Pieces Roof
The outer shell is constructed from curved lumber and is placed one next to each other to create the space.
Services Reduce the health risks related to sanitation, contaminated water and waste; to prevent groundwater pollution and surface water pollution; and to reuse nutrients or energy contained within wastes are the main objectives of the use of these systems. Recycling the waste is beneficial for the project; in this case it includes hygienic, microbial and chemical aspects. The concept flows as part of an ecologically and economically sustainable wastewater management system custom-made to the needs of the project and to the respective local conditions.
Eco Sanitation System
Drink
Grey Water
Black Water
Food
Bungallows, Restaurant
Bathrooms
Biodigester
Biofilter Garden
Hygiene
Toilet
Watering plants
Figure 4.25-Ecosanitation System
Water Reservoir
Cook
Eco Sanitation System Gas Pipe
Floating Gas Holder
Gas Valve Outlet
Inlet Fermentation Space
Figure 4.26-Ecosanitation System 1
Solar Energy Harvesting Solar Panel Cell
Tilt Adjusting Bolt
Figure 4.27-Solar Harvesting
Banding
Figure 4.23: Final Render
Figure 4.24- Madre de Dios
Conclusions 4
Conclusions With the realization of this thesis I realize that architecture is the tool utilized to solve problems of the 21 century. Moreover, the environmental issues that are affecting our world should be considering of first importance since it affects our environments in a global magnitude. During the process of investigation I could find out the devastations the human is possible for the profit, going through the nature and natives just to satisfy their income money. But I also realized there are ways and methods to make people take part in the crusade for consciousness about the Amazon Rainforest. The project itself focuses on a new way of traveling through the Peruvian Amazon. This can be achieved through the architecture structural systems that allow them to keep the tree connections and use them a support for the architecture. I believe that the new architectural grads will bring to the table much more innovations in order to create a positive impact in our society.
Final Board 1
NOMAD
Location
Amazon Deforestation
South America
Madre
Newschool of Architecture and Design // Prof. Jorge Ozorno // Thesis Project by Deysi Montes-Castillo
This resort main objective of this project is to use the vernacular architecture from the Peruvian Amazon, to create an off the grid dwelling in order to bring people and help them reconnect with Nature . This resort community stands up as self sufficient with energy and food farming. The modular architecture allows the project to be placed in the deep nature as if they were floating caccons. I accomplishes a safe shelter from the predators and climate and an construction capable to make experience the Jungle at its wildest way. Through modular architecture this peaces are meant to be assemble in place and to bring economic benefits to the community of the area.
Spa & Swimming Pool
Bungallows
Systems
Restaurant
Bungallows
San Diego
Cuzco 30 min
9 hours
Lima 2.30 h Lima-Peru
Madre de Dios Puerto Maldonado
Br. Bol. Puerto Maldonado
1
International Tourism in Peru and Income
EUROPE 477.,956 of tourists
Tourism in Peru
3,9 M.
3,1 M. 2,8 M.
Amazon Deforestation per Year Square kilometers forest lost annually 2006
e de Dios
14,286
2007
fRANCE 151 000$ NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA 2.’181.,876 of tourists 114.3
sPAIN: 199 000 USA: 620 000 $
jAPAN 129 000$ ASIA & OCEANIA 161,000 of tourists
2,5 Million
2,7 Million
2011
2012
Million
3,0 Million 2013
11,651
2008
12,911
2009
7,464
2010
7,000
2011 2012 2013
6,418 4,656
5,843
SITE
1 hour 40 minutes
BRAZIL 163000$
Arg. 124000 $ BRAZIL 163000$ SOUTH AMERICA 12000 of tourists
MIDDLE EAST
COL 12000$ AFRICA 3673 of tourists
Total Foreign Visitors
27000 of tourists
Total of Foreign Tourists
aUSTRALIA 76000
Exclusive Tourists
year 1993
year 1999
year 2009
Protected Area vs. Used Area
Final Board 2
Frequency
Public Spaces Administration Employee Area
Welcome Center
Boutique/Bazar Spa
Swimming Pool Yoga Center Waste & Water Treatment Laundry Eatery
Private Spaces Bungallow type A Bungallow type B
weekly annually
Length
Daily annually
300 sqf
Structures
800 sqf
1100 sqf 400 sqf
800 sqf 900 sqf
800 sqf
800 sqf 100 sqf 1000 sqf 400 sqf
600 sqf
Solar Energy Harvesting Banding
Solar Panel Cell
Tilt Adjusting Bolt
Eco Sanitation System Gas Pipe
Floating Gas Holder
Gas Valve Outlet
Inlet Fermentation Space
Eco Sanitation System
Drink
Grey Water
Black Water
Food
Bungallows, Restaurant
Bathrooms
Biodigester
Biofilter Garden
Hygiene
Toilet
Watering plants
Water Reservoir
Cook
Roof Edge Roof Detail Edge Detail
ColumnColumn Detail Detail
List of References
Amazon Rain Forest, Deforestation, Forest Conservation - National Geographic Magazine. National Geographic. Web. 18 June 2015. Chris van Uffelen , Bamboo Architecture & Design, 2014. Print Deforestacion En Amazonia Peruana Crecio Seis Veces Por Fiebre Del Oro.EL COMERCIO. 19 Apr. 2011. Web. 18 June 2015. Print
Broto, Edward. Bamboo Design Guide & 59 Case Study, 2014
Nelson, Peter, The Treehouse Book Paperback , 2000. Print. Joo Hwa Bay, Tropical Sustainable Architecture, 2006. Print
Osolie, Paul. Mother of God: An Extraordinary Journey into the Uncharted Tributaries of the Western Amazon, 2014. Print Report to the Club of Rome. On the Edge: The State and Fate of the World’s Tropical Rainforests , 2015. Print TECTURA ARQUI = ARQUITECTURA.: Arquitectura En El Amazonas. Web. 18 June 2015. Tord, Juan Luis, The magical rainforest of Tambopata: The peruvian Amazon, 2015. Print
List of References Figure 0.1- Architecture in favor of the Conservation of the Amazon – Source: http://wood-is-good.tumblr.com/Alteration by Author Figure 1.1- Step into the Amazon – Source by Author Figure 1.2- Sustentabel – Source: http://felipeart.deviantart.com/ Alteration by Author Figure 1.3- Amazon Map and Deforestation – Source: https://www.flickr. com/photos/powerpaola/4172188776/in/pool-illustrated-maps/ Alteration by Author Figure 1.4- Amazon Map- Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7360258.stm/ Figure 1.5- Facts about the Amazon- Source: Google Figure 16- Girl from Shipibo Tribe- Source: http://yggdrasilalfar.tumblr. com/post/20110753029 Figure 1.7- View of a Combine working in agricultural land in Santa Carmem, Mato Grosso, Brazil. July 2010- Source: http://blogs.wsj.com/ photojournal/2014/07/08/paradise-lost-aerial-images-of-deforestation-in-the-amazon-rainforest/?mod=WSJBlog Figure 1.8- Tragedy and transformation: Deforestation in the AmazonSource: http://www.edf.org/ Figure 1.9- Cattle and Farm land in the Amazon Rainforest- Source: Google Figure 1.10- Natural Capital and The Price of the Wood- Source: by Author Figure 1.11- Deforestation, Our disappearing Woodlands- Source: http:// www.veganosity.com/custom-made-and-saving-the-planet/ Alreation by Author Figure 1.12- Highway Map- Souce: http://millennialmagazine.com/theroads-of-the-amazon-the-trans-amazonian-highway/ Figure 1.13- TransAmazonica construction-Source: http://es.mongabay. com/rainforests/amazon/brazil.htm Figure 1.14- TransAmazonica Highway - Source: Google Figure 1.15- Amazon Deforestation- Source: Google Figure 2.1- Orange Butterfly- Source: by Author
Figure 2.2- Finca Bellvavista- Source- http://www.ecoosfera. com/2013/06/finca-bellavista-comunidad-autosustentable-sobre-arboles/ Figure 2.3- Finca Bellavista Zip Line- Source: http://www.ecoosfera. com/2013/06/finca-bellavista-comunidad-autosustentable-sobre-arboles/ Figure 2.4- Hemloft Pod in Whistler- Source: http://www.naturalhomes. org/es/homes/hemloft.htm Figure 2.5- The Art of Ralph McQuarrie / Star Wars- Source: https:// www.pinterest.com/pin/199284352235594545/ Figure 3.1- Reflection of the Amazon- Source: http://www.terramagicaperu.com/catalogo.php Figure 3.2- From the Milky Way to the Freeway 1- Source: By Author Figure 3.3- From the Milky Way to the Freeway 2- Source: By Author Figure 3.4- From the Milky Way to the Freeway 3- Source: By Author Figure 3.5- From the Milky Way to the Freeway 4- Source: By Author Fugure 3.6- Battle for Madre de Dios- Source: http://www.actualidadambiental.pe Figure 3.6- Consequences that can’t be Hidden- Source: http://www. actualidadambiental.pe Figure 3.7- Tourism around the World- Source: by Author Figure 3.8- Tourism Around the World 1- Source: by Author Figure 3.9- Tourism in Peru Revenue- Source: by Author Figure 3.10- Tourism in Peru Revenue 1- Source: by Author Figure 3.11- Countries of Residency- Source: by Author Figure 4.1- Nomad Bungalow- Source: by Author Figure 4.2- Basket Cocoon- Source: http://www.livescience. com/28144-strange-peruvian-amazon-sightings.html Figure 4.3- The cocoon and habitat- Source: by Author Figure 4.4- Master Plan- Source: by Author Figure 4.5- Circulation First Floor- Source: by Author Figure 4.6- Circulation 2nd Floor- Source: by Author Figure 4.7- The Circulation Tower- Source: by Author Figure 4.8- Group Bungalow Location –Source: by Author Figure 4.9- Group Bungalow Interior Render –Source: by Author Figure 4.10- Group Bungalow Floor Plan Source: by Author Figure 4.11- Group Bungalow Location –Source: by Author
Figure 4.12-Couple Bungalow Location- Source: by Author Figure 4.3-Couple Bungalow Interior Render- Source: by Author Figure 4.14- Couple Bungalow Floor Plan- Source: by Author Figure 4.15- Restaurants and Arrival Dock- Source: by Author Figure 4.16 - Restaurant and Arrival Dock Location- Source: by Author Figure 4.17 Restaurant Render- Source: by Author Figure 4.18 Welcome Center and Spa Location- Source: by Author Figure 4.19- Spa Floor Plan- Source: by Author Figure 4.20- Welcome Center- Source: by Author Figure 4.21- Structures Render- Source: by Author Figure 4.22- Tree Lumber Pieces- Source: by Author Figure 4.23- Tree Lumber Pieces and Floor- Source: by Author Figure 4.24- Tree Lumber Pieces Roof- Source: by Author Figure 4.25-Ecosanitation System- Source: by Author Figure 4.26-Ecosanitation System 1- Source: by Author Figure 4.27-Solar Harvesting - Source: by Author Figure 4.28-Final Render- Source: by Author Figure 4.20-Madre de Dios- Source: by Author