NJASK 321 Review

Page 1

NJASK 321 Review Earth Structure Overview 3 Things I Learned • Earth has a very narrow temperature range and an atmosphere of mostly nitrogen • Surface is made of tectonic plates • Flowing metal creates a magnetic field that protects us from radiation 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Earth is the only planet where conditions are suitable for life • The mantle is mainly liquid The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Earth’s structure allows life to exist Earth Composition 3 Things I Learned • The Earth was formed when atoms clumped together based on their densities • The mantle is made up of the upper and inner layer • The core is made up of the outer and inner layer 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Core is made up of mostly iron • Outer core is responsible for the magnetic field Earth has The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • The inner Earth can be separated into either the mantle and core Earth Structure 3 Things I Learned • Earth is made up of layers • Crust is divided into upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, inner core • Density going from outside to inside increases 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Most of the Earth is water • The mantle is 2/3 of the Earth’s mass The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • The Earth is made up of layers, just like the atmosphere Rock Types 3 Things I Learned • Igneous rocks come from the center of the Earth • Metamorphic rocks are created with heat and pressure • Sedimentary rocks are created with compressed sediment 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Rocks are combinations of mixtures • Meteorites are “space rocks” The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • The Earth is made up of different kinds of rocks Tectonics 3 Things I Learned • 8 major plates on Earth’s surface


• The plates that make the upper layer of the Earth is called the lithosphere • Under that layer is the asthenosphere 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • If you fit all the Earth’s continents together, you’d form Pangaea • Fossils on different continents were identical The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • The Earth is made of plates that are constantly moving Earthquakes 3 Things I Learned • Earthquakes are happening very frequently • Earthquakes release seismic waves • Focus is the exact point an earthquake started in 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • The San Andreas fault looks like a big scar • Skyscrapers don’t break because they are built to sway a little The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Earthquakes are caused because tectonic plates are moving Volcanoes 3 Things I Learned • Two main kinds; shield and composite • Shield found in middle of tectonic plates • Composite volcanoes are found in subduction zones and are shaped like cones 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Diaper passages are formed when magma flows up vents • A caldera is formed when a volcano gets hollow and collapses on itself The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Volcanoes are formed by flowing lava Atmosphere Overview 3 Things I Learned • Atmosphere is a thin layer of gases that surround the Earth • Mostly composed of nitrogen • The circulation of gases in the atmosphere is responsible for climate 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • If the Earth were larger, it would have a denser and bigger atmosphere • Without an atmosphere, our world would be barren The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • The atmosphere is composed of gases and influences our lives in many ways Atmosphere Composition 3 Things I Learned • Made of oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide • Ozone layer protects Earth from radiation • Troposphere is only layer that can sustain life 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Mesosphere is the coldest layer • Most pollution collects in troposphere


The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Atmosphere is composed of many gases Atmosphere Temperature I 3 Things I Learned • Temperature of air is caused by a combination of air, water and land together • Temperature varies with time of day, season, and year • When weather people talk about temperatures, they are talking about the mean 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Land absorbs more heat than water • El Nino brings warm Pacific water to the western coast of the USA The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Many factors affect temperature, and the world is interconnected Motion 3 Things I Learned • The physics of motion is all about forces • Velocity is the speed of an object and its direction • Acceleration is a change in rate of motion (distance over time) 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Examples of complex movements are curved The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Motion is the change in a stationary object’s position Forces 3 Things I Learned • Force exerted by ground is called normal force • Unit of force is Newton • Force vector describes an amount of force applied on a certain direction 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Small masses exert small forces • F=ma The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Forces are everywhere and are fundamentals of physics Vectors 3 Things I Learned • A vector is a quantity with magnitude (direction) and size • Scalars have values but need no direction. E.g temperature, mass, energy • A force vector describes a specific amount of force and its direction 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Vectors are drawn as arrows • The resultant vector is the final line drawn from the starting to end point The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Vectors describe magnitude (direction) and size and are important in physics Laws of Motion 3 Things I Learned • First law says objects in rest tend to stay in rest, objects in motion tend to stay in motion with same direction and speed


Second law says that acceleration of an object produced by a net (total) force is directly related to the magnitude (size) of the force. F=ma • Third law says that for every reaction, there is an opposite and equal reaction 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Example of 3rd law; when a cannonball fires, an equal and opposite force pushes the cannon backwards • In space, you could stay stationary forever until something pushed or pulled you The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Newton’s Laws of Motion are 3 fundamental laws about the motion of matter Energy of Motion 3 Things I Learned • Kinetic energy is energy of motion • Potential energy is stored energy because of position and arrangement of object • Anything that is elastic can store energy 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Energy has no direction • Potential and kinetic energy can be applied to save lives The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • If you apply force to an object, you may change its energy Velocity & Acceleration 3 Things I Learned • Velocity is rate of motion in a specific direction • Acceleration is a change in rate of motion • Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a specific point in time 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Gravity has a constant acceleration on Earth • Speed alone is not a useful piece of information The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Velocity is a vector, speed isn’t Momentum 3 Things I Learned • Momentum is conserved in a closed system • Momentum=mass * velocity • In an inelastic collision, some energy will be lost as heat, sound or light 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Small objects can have a lot of momentum • If velocity is zero, so is momentum The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Momentum is another vector measurement Friction 3 Things I Learned • Only solid objects experience friction, but liquids and gases do provide friction • Liquids get less viscous when they are heated • Coefficient of friction measures how easily one object moves in relation to other 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting


• There is less friction in your joints than in Teflon • Cars hydroplane when they go too fast on puddles of water The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Friction is a force that holds back the movement of a sliding object Gravity 3 Things I Learned • Every object with mass exerts a gravitational force on every other object • Although gravity is constant, air resistance can slow a free falling object • Gravity and inertia keeps planets in orbit 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Two different objects would fall at the same rate in a vacuum • Moon has the same gravitational pull regardless of phase The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Gravitational forces are forces of attraction Work 3 Things I Learned • W=f * d • Work transfers energy from one object to another • When scientists measure the work done in a system by gases, they look at the system in the beginning and end 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Looking at a computer screen is not work b/c nothing is moving • If you compress a balloon, you do work and transfer energy to inside of balloon The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Work is done when a force applied to an object causes it to move Electricity and Magnetism Overview 3 Things I Learned • Protons have positive charge, electrons have negative charge • Batteries form direct currents (constant stream of charges in one direction) • Household electricity forms alternating currents (charges move in one direction for very short time and reverse direction) 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Lightning is mainly electrons • There are three kinds of lightning The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Electricity is related to charges Charges 3 Things I Learned • Friction is one way to separate charges • Static electricity is charges that stay put • The study of electricity where charges aren’t moving is called electrostatics 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Static charges build up into clouds until they can’t hole more (lightning occurs) • A Van DeGraff generator spins and deposits positive charges


The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • The movement and distribution of electrons is the fundamental of charges Conductors 3 Things I Learned • Ionic conductors have a lot of floating ions (charged atoms) • A flow of electrons is called a current • Electric forces describe attractions and repulsions 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Carbon is a good non-metallic conductor • The greater the charge, the greater the electric force The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Conductors are materials that allow electricity to flow more easily Electric Fields 3 Things I Learned • A normal field is a vector represented by arrows • Things are more complicated in electric fields; some particles repel and attract • Any charge that enters the field will feel something (Newton’s 3rd Law) 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • Physicists decided they would always use positive charges to determine direction • A field vector shows the direction of the effect of the object entering the field The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • An electric field describes the funky area near any electrically-charged object Magnetic Fields 3 Things I Learned • • • 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • • The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Current 3 Things I Learned • • • 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • • The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Resistance 3 Things I Learned •


• • 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • • The Big Idea About My Topic is.. • Magnets 3 Things I Learned • • • 2 Things I Thought Were Interesting • • The Big Idea About My Topic is.. •


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.