MASTERS IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
SELECTED WORKS
Dhara Rakesh Panchal Masters in Landscape Architecture
Scholar Number: 2016MLA012
School of Planning & Architecture Masters in Landscape Architecture Bhopal
The yards
The zones
Seasons
Time
The existing study: “The selection of site for the director’s residence has been done considering the convience, comfort of the user as well as the existing site conditions.”
Age groups
The Composition
The Idea: “Good landscape in residential development offers opportunities for outdoor living in different seasons and at different times of the day and night for all age groups”
The Design Semester 01: Design Studio #01
The views Director’s Bungalow at SPA, Bhopal
The Master Plan: The design was developed on the idea of various layers like yards, zones, seasons, time and age groups. The experience created due to these layers bring in a quality of life to the user. The overall Pallate hence designed amalgamates all these parameters. Semester 01: Design Studio #01
Executed photograph
Director’s Bungalow at SPA, Bhopal
The Hardscape Plan: The intricately designed paved patterns at specific junctions marks a welcome along with grandness.The colours, the pattern and the complimentries create n impact on the space frames and allows the user to enjoy every prospect. Semester 01: Design Studio #01
Director’s Bungalow at SPA, Bhopal
The Drainage Plan: The drainage all over the site is designed to create fantasies during varied seasons. The swale running across collecting surface water is a ecological as well as an aesthetic retreat. The elements like rain chains along the rainwater pipes from the roof top also add to the water drama. Semester 01: Design Studio #01
Director’s Bungalow at SPA, Bhopal
The Planting Plan: The Get- away spaces. The planting pallate with not only its colours and textures but merely with their existence in the surroundings give the users of getting away for a while, either into the spicy herbs or sweet fruit smell. The cozy seat outs offer a soothing experience. Semester 01: Design Studio #01
Director’s Bungalow at SPA, Bhopal
The first Impression
The morning sip
The Sections and views: The enclosures, heirarchy of the built is to the open, the skyline, the frames of vision and the elements of nature together form the attributes of the spaces. The design offers multiple functional spaces for different times of the day, year and seasons. Semester 01: Design Studio #01
The grand seat
The Jute Court The feast Peace Retreat
Director’s Bungalow at SPA, Bhopal
PERCEPTION Rural language: The sketches alongside narrate the impression of a rural landscape setting. The key learning was to be able to experience the change in the landscape and also document to draw detailed observations for better design ideas.
Semester 01: Design Studio #02
PEOPLE
N AT U R E
Oh... acha!
What tree is this???
Aree... yeh toh semal hai!
Study of flora and fauna of Neelbad Village, Bhauri
Semester 01: Design Studio #02
Study of flora and fauna of Neelbad Village, Bhauri
Semester 01: Design Studio #02
Study of flora and fauna of Neelbad Village, Bhauri
Executed photograph
Semester 01: Design Studio #02
Study of flora and fauna of Neelbad Village, Bhauri
Executed photograph
Semester 01: Design Studio #02
Identifying issues at Neelbad Village, Bhauri
Executed photograph
Semester 01: Design Studio #02
Proposals for the issues raised at Neelbad Village, Bhauri
Executed photograph
Semester 01: Design Studio #02
Proposals for the issues raised at Neelbad Village, Bhauri
A blissful view at the Upper lake, Bhopal.
Acrylic on canvas I a2 size I for Prof. Helen Woolley. Masters in Landscape Architecture
Semester 01: Site Planning Studio #01
Study of Institutional Campus- M.A.N.I.T., Bhopal
Executed photograph
Semester 01: Site Planning Studio #01
Study of Institutional Campus- M.A.N.I.T., Bhopal
Executed photograph
Semester 01: Site Planning Studio #01
Study of Institutional Campus- M.A.N.I.T., Bhopal
Executed photograph
Semester 01: Site Planning Studio #01
Study of Institutional Campus- M.A.N.I.T., Bhopal
Executed photograph
Semester 01: Site Planning Studio #01
Proposals for Institutional Campus- M.A.N.I.T., Bhopal
Executed photograph
Semester 01: Site Planning Studio #01
Proposals for Institutional Campus- M.A.N.I.T., Bhopal
Semester 02: Design Studio #01
Semester 02: Design Studio #01
Semester 02: Design Studio #01
Semester 02: Design Studio #01
A G R I C U LT UR E
METHODOLOGY
FOR
S T U D Y & A N A LY S I S
AGRARIAN LANDSCAPES
The Cropped / Grazed part of landscapes Part of Land-Use systems Part of Multi-Functional landscape Mosaics Part of Human Systems Part of Anthropogenic Biomes
CLIMATE
Food Production Livelihood Improvement Ecosystem Conservation
Biophysica
EFFECTS ON NATURE & LANDSCAPE
• On the biotic components of ecosystems • On the anthropogenic elements and structures in landscape that have a specific cultu
AGRICULTURE RELIEF + SOIL
(+ ANIMAL HUSBANDRY + SILVICULTURE + HORTICULTURE + FISHING)
HYDROLOGY
• In visual aspects of landscape : the scenery
(Related allied activities)
LITERATURE STUDY
STATISTICS/ FACTUAL DATA
• RESEARCH PAPERS • GLOSSARY • DOMAINS OF KNOWLEDGE
• KEY WORDS + PHENOMENA
CROPPING PATTERN GROSS CROPPED & NET SOWN AREA • MAJOR CROP YIELD • RAINFALL PATTERN
•
MAPS • OVERLAPS WITH LAYERS • MACRO-LEVEL AGRICULTURAL DYNAMICS • MICRO-LEVEL AGRICULTURAL DYNAMICS • PATCH – MATRIX – MOSAIC
H O W N AT U R A L L A N D S C A P E S A R E T U R N I N G I N TO A G R A
INTENT OF STUDY •
To be able to read AGRICULTURAL PATTERNS
o
PARAMETERS that drive a particular kind of pattern (Dominant PHENOMENA & its sequential CONSEQUENCES)
•
To create a LOGICAL HYPOTHESIS based on the observations made (on paper)
o
READINGS will support to create a more logical hypothesis
•
To justify/find out about the EXISTENCE OF THE HYPOTHESIS raised (on site)
o
Identifying & relating (establishing the ‘CONNECT’) the Readings/Theories with existing on-site conditions/ observations
A G R O - C L I M AT I C Z O N E & C R O P - Z O N E
Understanding the changing trends of using natural resour landscape integrity of the area
AGRO-ECOSYSTEM
P L A C I N G A G R I C U LT U R E I N T H E L A R G E R P H E N O M E N O N O F A G R A R I A N L A N D S C A P E S AGRARIAN LANDSCAPES
al & Socio-economic components Boundaries & Hierarchies Structure &Functions
INHABITED LAND
ural and/ or historic value
FARMLAND
PRIMARY ECONOMIC SECTOR Agriculture in India is the major sector of its economy. Almost two-thirds of the total work-force earns their livelihood though farming and other allied sectors like forestry, fishing etc. These all form the Agrarian Landscapes.
SECONDARY
Manufacturing
TERTIARY
Services
DISPERSED
Linear
AGRARIAN SETTLEMENTS way in which the agrarian population is distributed across the land
CONCENTRATED
Clustered
land dedicated to agrarian activities. CL A S S I FI CATI O N :
S I Z E
ARIAN LANDSCAPES
• • •
Small (<10 ha) Medium (10-100 ha) Large (>100 ha)
C U LT I VAT I O N M E T H O D S
INTERSPERSED
FARMLAND
Visuals of Agrarian Landscapes
• •
Regular Irregular
L O C A T I O N • •
Open Enclosed
U S E
rces thus assessing
• • •
THE KEY PHENOMENON
A G R I C U LT U R E Livestock farming Silviculture
T Y P E S O F A G R I C U LT U R E
S H A P E
TRADITIONAL (Subsistence agriculture) • •
Production – low; self- consumption Outdated technology, large labour force
• • •
Migratory agriculture (slash-and-burn) Sedentary dryland agriculture Irrigated monsoon agriculture
MODERN (Commercial agriculture) • •
Production – sell production in national & international markets Technological & scientific advancements, mechanization
• •
Industrial Agriculture Organic agriculture (bio-extensive)
Fig: Each picture depicts a major component of agrarian landscapes
THE K
A G R O - C L I M AT I C Z O N E & C R O P - Z O N E • The ability of natural resources to satisfy the growing demands is a fundamental issue, where basic problem is mounting pressure on natural resources. Limits to the productive capacity of land resources are set by climate, soil and landform conditions, & by the use and management practices. Climate is predominantly controlling factor in rain-fed agriculture due to spatial and temporal variability in rainfall and temperature. In such case, the moisture supply to plants depends on precipitation and available water holding capacity of the soil. • Under the tropical conditions, moisture regime is the most influencing factor in agricultural production, as thermal regime is optimum to better crop growing environment. In rain-fed regions, over 80% of the annual rainfall is received during the SW monsoons, although variability in rainfall increases with decrease in its volume. • The Agro-climate of the Sub Region is characterized by hot dry sub-humid with dry summers and mild winters.
AFFEC
(IRRIGATI
Of the 131 agro climatic zones of the country, 11 fall in Madhya Pradesh.
V I N D H YA N P L AT E A U
Y
( Sagar, Damoh, Raisen, Bhopal, Sehore and Vidisha )
D
3-WHEAT CROP ZONE
Fig: The State in 11 Agro-climatic Regions & 5 Crop Zones VINDHYA PLATEAU: Sehore, Astha, Ichhawar This region is more urbanized and has a larger portion of its area under cultivation as compare to the rest of the zone. 53% of the area is cultivated, however, only 11% of this is irrigated. the region receives about 1,130 mm of rains annually.
GENERAL TOPOGRAPHY OF THE ZONE: plain to undulated;
SOIL:
Source : CENSUS DATA 2011, SEHORE
S
I
T
E
S
T
U
SCENAR
POTATO GROUNDNUT SUGARCANE RAPESEED & MUSTARD SOYBEAN GRAM BAJRA JOWAR MAIZE WHEAT RICE 0
Medium and deep black
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400
600
800
1000
A R E A O F M A J O R F I E L D C R O P S I N M . P.
I N T RO D U C T I O N
GIS Imager
THE KEY PHENOMENON THE KEY EVENT
and ly to
all is
AFFECTED CORE PHENOMENA AND LED TO THE FLOURISHMENT OF A MAJOR (RELATED) PHENOMENA - A G R I C U L T U R E
(IRRIGATION, DRINKING/ WATER SUPPLY) ESTABLISHMENT OF KOLAR DAM (completed 1990) Google Earth Imagery & Site Photos illustrating the emergence of Agrarian Landscapes
SCENARIO AFTER DAM SCENARIO BEFORE DAM
GIS Imagery of 1972 and 2016 portraying the scenarios of change in Kolar Region
CHANGE IN DEGREE OF INTACTNESS OF THE LANDSCAPE THUS UNDERASTANDING THE LEVEL OF INTEGRITY
DEPOSITION OF ENTISOLS DUE TO FLOWING STREAM IS HIGHLY FERTILE TO SUSTAIN AGRICULTURE. INCEPTISOLS ARE FOUND IN THE FOREST AREAS. VERTISOLS ARE ALSO FERTILE DUE TO THEIR HIGH CLAY CONTENT, THEY SHRINK AND SWELL WITH CHANGES IN MOISTURE. THUS, IT IS EVIDENT FROM THE OVERLAY THAT MOST OF THE AGRICULTURAL LAND PARCELS FALL UNDER ENTISOLS FOLLOWED BY INCEPTISOLS & VERTISOLS
AS OBSERVED IN THE MAP THE AGRICULTURAL LANDS FALL IN 0-1%, 1-3 % AND 3-5% SLOPE RANGE. DUE TO THE AVAILABILITY OF LAND RESOURCES DURING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SETTLEMENTS, OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF THE FLAT TERRAIN CAN BE SEEN. DUE TO CURRENT PRESSURES LAND PARCELS HAVE BEEN OBSERVED TO SPREAD UPTIL THE FOOTHILLS WITH SLOPE RANGE OF 3-5%
OVERLAP : SOIL ORDER AND AGRICULTURE
OVERLAP : SLOPE AND AGRICULTURE
AS OBSERVED IN THE GROUND WATER POTENTIAL MAP, AGRICULTURAL LAND PARCELS ARE SPREAD OVER ALMOST ALL CLASSES, HENCE THE AREAS WITH LESS OR NIL POTENTIAL ARE SUSTAINED VIA IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES.
AFTER THE DAM ESTABLISHMENT, THE DRAINAGE PATTERN HAS BEEN ENHANCED & THE DENDRITIC PATTERN WITH MORE NETWORKS CAN BE OBSERVED
- AS OBSERVED IN THE MAP THE AGRICULTURAL LANDS FALL MAJORLY IN CLASS-I & II AND SOME IN CLASS-III OF THE LAND IRRIGABILITY MAP. OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF THE LAND IRRIGABILITY IS ATTAINED FALLING IN CLASS- I & II. - BASED ON PAST TRENDS OF INCREASING FARMLANDS, THE OPEN FORESTS FALLING UNDER CLASS-III IRRIGABILITY MAP MAY SOON GET ENCROACHED PERTAINING TO INCREAS IN PRESSURE ON PRODUCTIVITY DUE TO POPULATION GROWTH.
OVERLAP : GROUND WATER POTENTIAL AND AGRICULTURE
OVERLAP : DRAINAGE AND AGRICULTURE
OVERLAP : LAND IRRIGABILITY MAP AND LANDUSE - LANDCOVER MAP
O V E R L AY A N A LYS I S
AG R I C U LT U R E
Regional Studio : L A N D S C A P E I N T E G R I T Y
- AS OBSERVED IN THE MAP THE AGRICULTURAL LANDS MAJORLY FALL IN CLASS-I & II AND REST IN CLASS-III & IV OF THE LAND SUITABILITY MAP. - DESPITE HAVING THE POTENTIAL FOR POLYCULTURE PRACTISES, MONOCULTURE FARMING EXISTS. SINCE CLASS-I & II CAN TAKE UP FERTILIZER INPUTS, INTENSIVE CROPPING IS SEEN, WHICH IF CONTINUED, IN A LONG RUN MAY AFFECT THE SOIL PRODUCTIVITY.
OVERLAP : LAND CAPABILITY MAP AND LANDUSE - LANDCOVER MAP
A S S E S S I N G
A B I D A B A D : CLUSTER CONCENTRATED (MULTIPLE)
T H E
VA L U
METHOD: Comparative The value can be derived by comparing the site to its immediate context and the level of intactness in the natural landscape of the context. •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
DENSE & OPEN FORESTS WITH PASTURE LANDS
ROAD ADJACENT TO FARMLANDS
ACCESSIBILITY – Good SIZE – 1.5 – 13 acres SHAPE – Comparatively regular LOCATION - Enclosed SOIL – Majorly Entisols with Inceptisols & Vertisols SOIL TEXTURE – Clayey GROUND WATER POTENTIAL30-80m Dw, 100-200 LPM EDGE TYPE – Open with sparse trees and hedges CROP VARIETY – Monoculture WATER SUPPLY – Irrigated DEGREE OF USE – Extensive AGRICULTURE – Subsistence & Commercial
FARMLANDS WITH SEASONAL WATER BODY
SETTLEMENTS WITH PASTURE AND FALLOW
OPEN FARMLANDS WITH HEDGED EDGES
It can be observed from the map alongside that the site delineation is based on the natural fringes. East comprises of the Kathothiya hills, the West constitutes of the coarse grains of agriculture, open and dense forests along-with scrublands; to the South lies the Jholiapur Barrage and the flourishing fields till the Narmada banks and approaching towards the North begins the urban fabric rising upto Bhopal City.
Photos illustrating the character of village w.r.t. • A remarkable transformation can be 1. Open Farmlands with settlements 2. Maize crop farmland observed in backyard the grain of the 3. Houses along kuchha road 4. Settlement with open forest towards
•
• •
agricultural mosaics along the Kolar Dam and the Jholiapur Barrage. The grain becomes finer towards the south indicating extensive farming Largest village in the study area with maximum number of farmlands due to the land capability and Wells & water bodies (connected with stream) also abundant insuitability area and thusforfavorable extensive in its forpotential agriculture agriculture. Settlements exist as multiple clusters distributed adjacent to road
SETTLEMENTS
•
Thus, the human intervention of through barrage in the South boosted the supply of one of the primary sources for agriculture: Water
•
Thus, exemplifying the transformation in the agrarian landscapes and impacting the integrity of its larger landscape.
FARMLANDS ASCENDING TO TEAK FORESTS OF KATHOTIYA
A M A M A Y : LINEAR CONCENTRATED
• • • • • • • •
• • • •
ACCESSIBILITY – Poor SIZE – 0.8 – 8 acres SHAPE – Irregular LOCATION - Open SOIL – Majorly Entisols with Vertisols SOIL TEXTURE – Clayey GROUND WATER POTENTIAL – 3080m Dw, 50-100LPM EDGE TYPE – Open & Hedged farm edges CROP VARIETY – Monoculture WATER SUPPLY – Irrigated DEGREE OF USE - Intensive AGRICULTURE - Subsistence
1. Major Crops – Tuar, Wheat, Soyabean and Maize 2. Traditional methods of farming 3. Use of forest goods for firewood & Tendu and Mahua 4. Settlement and farmland pattern governed by motorable road 5. Partially enclosed at a village scale 6. Presence of water body and stream
A B I D A B A D : CLUSTER CONCENTRATED (MULTIPLE)
B A M A L A D A D : LINEAR CONCENTRATED
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• • • • • • •
S E W A N I Y A P A R I H A R : CLUSTER CONCENTRATED
ACCESSIBILITY – Good SIZE – 1.40 – 11 acres SHAPE – Irregular LOCATION – Partially enclosed SOIL – Majorly Vertisols with Entisols SOIL TEXTURE – Clayey GROUND WATER POTENTIAL- 3080m Dw, 100-200 LPM EDGE TYPE – Open with sparse trees CROP VARIETY – Monoculture WATER SUPPLY – Irrigated DEGREE OF USE - Intensive AGRICULTURE - Subsistence
• • • • • • • •
1. Regular and irregular farm shapes with very small farm holdings 2. Major stream and forest patch (human-modified) adjacent 3. Clustered settlement with radial farmland pattern
▪ The above matrix of the villages show the various assemblies of patches in the agricultural landscapes. ▪ Here, a relativity can be observed among the field patches (marked in green) and settlement patterns (marked in black) ▪ Also, the degree of community sense can be inferred depending on the compactness of dwellings (e.g. Hamlets, cluster
FRAGMENTED – SMALL LAND HOLDINGS - partial inheritance system or population pressure; significant imperfections in the land market; and the breakdown of common property system under the pressure of population growth MINING ACTIVITIES IN THE VICINITY OF FARMLANDS AFFECTING SOIL & WATER QUALITY
A S S E S S I N G
• • • •
ACCESSIBILITY – Moderate SIZE – 0.5 – 2 acres SHAPE – Regular LOCATION - Open SOIL – Majorly Entisols with Inceptisols SOIL TEXTURE – Clayey GROUND WATER POTENTIAL30-80m Dw, 50-100 LPM EDGE TYPE – Less no. of sparsely spaced trees with hedges CROP VARIETY – Monoculture WATER SUPPLY – Irrigated DEGREE OF USE - Intensive AGRICULTURE - Subsistence
T H E
VA L U E
METHOD: Comparative The value can be derived by comparing the site to its immediate context and the
O F
L A N D S C A P E
I N T E G R I T Y
O F
D
K H A M K H E D A : DISPERSED
N A W A L P U R A : CLUSTER CONCENTRATED
• • • • • • • • • • • •
ACCESSIBILITY – Moderate SIZE – 0.4 – 3.8 acres SHAPE – Irregular LOCATION – Enclosed SOIL – Majorly Vertisols with Inceptisols & Entisols SOIL TEXTURE – Clayey GROUND WATER POTENTIAL- 3080m Dw, 100-200 LPM EDGE TYPE – Open farmlands with sparsely spaced trees CROP VARIETY – Monoculture WATER SUPPLY – Rainfed DEGREE OF USE - Intensive AGRICULTURE - Subsistence
). The surrounding natural phenomena & features governs these as well; such as presence streams or forest corridor rs etc.)
E L I N I AT E D
S I T E :
• • • • • • • • • • • •
•
Enclosure by forests on both sides
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Stream driven agricultural practice
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Settlements exist as single dwellings/ hamlets
M A G A R P A T : INTERSPERSED
S A L I K H E D A : DISPERSED
• • • • •
ACCESSIBILITY – Good SIZE – 0.4 - 3.80 acres SHAPE – Irregular LOCATION – Enclosed SOIL – Majorly Inceptisols with Entisols SOIL TEXTURE – Clayey GROUND WATER POTENTIAL30-80m Dw, 50-100 LPM EDGE TYPE – Open farmlands CROP VARIETY – Monoculture WATER SUPPLY – Rainfed DEGREE OF USE - Intensive AGRICULTURE - Subsistence
• • • • • • •
• • • •
ACCESSIBILITY – Poor SIZE – 1.20 – 9.40 acres SHAPE – Irregular LOCATION - Open SOIL – Majorly Inceptisols with Entisols SOIL TEXTURE – Clayey GROUND WATER POTENTIALSeasonal ‘Rainfed’ island EDGE TYPE – Open farmlands with tree CROP VARIETY – Monoculture WATER SUPPLY – Rainfed DEGREE OF USE - Intensive AGRICULTURE - Subsistence
It is completely rain-fed agricultural area Comparatively regular farm shapes Enclosed by sparse trees Trees at the edge of the central island prevents soil erosion and to protect the farmlands from flooding drastically.
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE T H E S I S
SYNOPSIS Semester 04: Thesis
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE T H E S I S
S I T E INTRODUCTION Semester 04: Thesis
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE T H E S I S
CULTURAL L A Y E R S Semester 04: Thesis
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE T H E S I S
NATURAL L A Y E R S Semester 04: Thesis
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE T H E S I S
V I S U A L L A Y E R S Semester 04: Thesis
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE T H E S I S Semester 04: Thesis
D E S I G N I D E A S