What is CPU

What is a CPU in Computer?

What is a CPU in Computer System? :: The CPU stands for Central Processing Unit and additionally called as Microprocessor or Microchip. Now the CPU or microprocessor is the essential and fundamental part of computer system, where all the arithmetic and logical calculation takes place. It interprets, translate and carries out the instructions for operating a computer as a device. in other words the set of instructions or date are introduced to the PC system in form of raw data through input devices of computer, and later this instruction are processed or prepared to get desired or wanted result.

Now as we talk or discuss CPU’s or Microprocessor we tend to talk about their speed, accuracy, and reliability, as the significant computer technology development the speed of CPU’s has changed dramatically. Most processor nowadays are multicore processors. A multi core processor is a single chip with at least two or more separate processor core, or layers which has the circuitry to process instructions and directions. Every PC contains no less than one processor yet you can see many computers with multiple processors, these processor executes each instructions and directions separately.

The processor or CPU are installed on different types of motherboard or main board they are typically square shaped with more than 250 pins on the base surface of the chip, the processor is connected or associated with the motherboard by a Zero insertion force (ZIF).To avoid from overheating heat sink and CPU fan is installed on processors.

Common multicore processor are ::     

Dual- Core Processor is a processor which contains two separate cores of processors Triple core processor contains three separate cores of processors Quad-Core processor contains four separate cores of processors The CPU is also considered as a brain of computer Famous manufacturers of processor are Intel and AMD

Components of CPU [Central Processing Unit ] The main or fundamental component of CPUs are Arithmetic logic unit, Control unit and Cache Memory.

Arithmetic and logic unit :: ALU perform all the arithmetic and logic calculation provided to computer systems that are addition,substraction,multiplication, division,comparison,greater,less.

Control Unit :: This unit controls and facilitates all the activities and operations perform in PC system .It gets programs from the main memory of computer system interprets or translate them and control other unit to get desired result.

Cache :: Cache memory dwells between main memory and processor. The rate of exchanging data and information is substantially higher compared to other memory of computer system. The cache memory saves and holds the data or set of information which is about to process immediately by system.

The cache memory is not available to users they cannot delete, update, refresh the programs inside the memory, the manufacturer or the computer programmers can erase or update the data which is stored inside the cache memory. They are quiet expensive therefore they were first introduced or installed in a large computer only in small numbers however as the technology developed the small computer, or desktop computer used cache memory and we usually call them as l1 cache and l2 cache.

CPU[Central Processing Unit] | Processor Speed The speed of the microprocessor is the essential ingredient as the software technology has developed to the extreme use of large programs and application are made available to users to execute this application high speed of processors are required.

The processor speed can be defined and characterized as the speed at which it executes the instructions and directions. The speed of processor is measured in MHz (Millions of Pulses for each second) and GHz (Billion of pulses for each second) The speed of mini and mainframe computers is measured in MIPS (Millions of instruction per second) and BIPS (Billions of instructions per second).

Functions of CPU in Computer The CPU Is considered as the brain or heart of the computer as it is responsible for each and every operation performed in a computer system. It controls and organizes every section and unit of a Personal computer. Every instruction passed to computer system is firstly converted into binary numbers that consist of 0s 1s which is in machine-readable form later this instruction which has been changed over are send to the registry and eventually they are transferred and exchanged to CPU for further and additional processing and preparing as processor have ALU which stands for Arithmetic and logical operation with the help of ALU computer performs every mathematical and logical operation.

There are Four Primary Functions of Processor    

Fetch Decode Execute Store

Fetch :: Every instruction and data is stored in memory with a specific address. The processor gets the address number from program counter this is done for executing next instruction quickly.

Decode:: All the program or instruction are translated from assembly language or low level to binary language which helps the computer system to deliver the output in human readable or intelligent form. This process of conversion and transformation from one language to another is called as DECODING Execute :: Processor recovers the instructions and data from memory and processes them to get wanted output with the

assistance of ALU (Arithmetic and coherent unit).

Store :: After the procedure is finished in ALU. The output is put away in memory for additionally processing. The speed of PC altogether relies on the CPU. The fundamental usefulness of PC can be made fast by introducing present-day processors.

Refernce and Sources: http://www.chtips.com/computer-fundamentals/what-is-cpu-in-computer