Environmental Building Systems

CLIENT PROFILE

ROOF PLAN & EQUIPMENT

Very keen on sustainability & environmental issues - willing to try new sustainable systems, operate systems & change daily habits & lifestyle Willing to cooperate & become maintenance the operation of the house

LANEWAY

Temporary adjustable shade sails made from recycled ship sail canvas to be used as shading for pergola until deciduous vines fully mature

Hot breezes from the North are cooled down by the pond.

users in

S

Dad, aged 42- Works as a university lecturer (teaches Environmental Building Systems) during the day, cycles to work; interest in gardening, reading, sustainable systems

Recycled timber for North-facing pergola

Mom, aged 40- Stay-at-home mom; interest in gardening, cooking, healthy living

JUL

DOUBLE STOREY BRICK HOUSE

Children, aged 13 & 15 - goes to school during the day, walks to school together; dependent on using the internet & natural light for studies JUN

Fairly young family - clients plan to stay put till retirement age, house needs to be resilient & durable

DESIGN BRIEF / SPECIAL REQUESTS Environmentally sustainable and resilient house

8m

Low environmental impact- Contribute to local community

Monocrystalline Lysaught 60-cell 270W Klip-Lok 700 photovoltaic panels Hi-strength Extensive Apricus Evacuated Green roof tube solar panels

B

SINGLE STOREY HOUSE

SHWS

At least 8 stars rating in First Rate Maximise comfort in house especially during winter - focus on thermal quality of house Request for garden & effective irrigation system vegan - plants own vegetables

6m

HP

direct rainwater runoff

metal roofing

No strict budget on capital cost, but prefers systems with lower operational cost in the long run

4m DEC

Minimize carbon footprint by using renewable energy & passive systems

LEGEND

JAN

F

DATA - CLIMATE

DOUBLE STOREY BRICK HOUSE

GM

GREEN WALL

Medium diurnal temperature; Four distinct seasons Mild to cool winters; Hot to very hot summers

Evergreen trees are planted at the North to direct wind and provide acoustic insulation

Annual mean rainfall : 648.3 mm

M

WATER METER

S

SEWER PIT

GAS LINE SEWER LINE POWER LINE

SIDE ENTRY PIT

SITE BOUNDARY

LEGAL POINT OF DISCHARGE

STORMWATER LINE

GM M

ROOF EQUIPMENT DETAIL 1:50

WATER LINE

GAS METER

RAINWATER RUN OFF

EXISTING VEGETATION

DECIDUOUS VINES

PROPOSED EVERGREEN

HERB GARDEN

RAINWATER GARDEN

GREEN ROOF

TELECOM PIT ELECTRIC POLE CONNECTIONS & APPLIANCES WATER MAIN

TO STREET

LYSAUGHT KLIP LOK 700 HIGH STRENGTH

STORMWATER ELECTRICITY

A01

PROJECT

DRAWING TYPE

LOCATION

KOOKABURRA HOUSE

SITE PLAN

CARLTON, 3053, MELBOURNE

CLIENT

SCALE

DRAWN BY

MR & MRS EBS

1:200 @ A3

DIANA ONG (701832)

GAS MAIN

VEGETATION

-Deciduous trees and vines to the North allow winter sun into the house through bare branches and exclude summer sun with leaves.

-Proposed vegetation in gardens include native and indigenous plants which also requires less water to grow -A drip irrigation system is employed for efficient irrigation -The herb garden should only be irrigated with rainwater and not greywater

ROOF BOUNDARY EB SHWS

TELECOM SEWERAGE SITE ANALYSIS

HP

SOLAR HOT WATER TANK HEAT PUMP FOR HOT WATER NOISE POLLUTION

WINTER SUN PATH

WINTER BREEZE

SUMMER SUN PATH

SUMMER BREEZE

WINDOW & DOOR SCHEDULE 1:100 @A3

PASSIVE SUN CONTROL & SHADING

540

1200

2000

Equinox

350

610

600

1314

1860 F

GROUND F.F.L

Winter Solstice

W 01

W 03

W 05 W 11

W 02

W 08

W 06

A

W 02

W 03

Laundry

Winter sun D 02

Dining

N

Kitchen Angled pergola timber slats and louvres allow access for winter sun.

Living

W 13

Entry D 03

W 05

D 09

Bedroom 3 W 12

D 08

Bath 1

Spacing (S) between louvres have to be 75% of the width (w).

CW 4

CW 3

CW 2

CW 1

D 06 D 07

CW 1 CW 3

W 09

W 13

CW 2 CW 4

1570

800

N

E/W

S

Area (m2)

9.8

1.6

2.9

11.2

Heat loss

20.3

D 04

D 05 -10

Sunlight

warm air

cold draught

Heat retained

Windows facing North are maximized to provide winter heat gain while windows facing East/West/ South are minimized to prevent heat loss. Curtains with pelmets are used in the bedrooms and living area while adjustable blinds are used in the toilets to provide shading and prevent further heat loss.

WALL DETAIL 1:10 @A3 D 04

Bedroom 1

Bedroom 2

Orientation

Percentage 68.5 (%)

W 04

PLAN VIEW -LOUVRES (WEST)

w

W 12

Adjustable blinds for shading & ventilation

D 02 D 03

D 01

W 01

W 07 W 10

GROUND F.F.L

ANGLED PERGOLA & LOUVRES SECTION VIEW - PERGOLA

W 04

2100

2100

Verandah D 01

820

2170

2700

Eaves allows full exposure of glass to winter sun while larger areas are shaded in Summer. Deciduous vines shed leaves to allow Winter sun while blocking hot Summer sun.

S

1280

1060

1370

2700

Summer Solstice

Summer sun

600

990

300

NORTH-FACING UPWARD RAKED EAVES

WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE

D 05

Slab edges are to be well-insulated to prevent thermal bridging.

TIMBER STUD

Bath 2

RECYCLED PLASTERBOARD

PASSIVE COOLING SECTION A-A

INTERNAL RECYCLED BRICK

W 11

CW 3

W 10

W 09

A

W 08

W 07

W 06

GLASSWOOL INSULATION TIMBER CLADDING

W 08

WEATHERING & PROTECTION COVER

W 02

Bedroom 2

Kitchen

TERMICIDE VAPOUR BARRIER CONTINUOUS OVER SLAB EDGE & UNDER WALL ClimaFoam Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) (EDGE INSULATION)

Clerestorey windows enable stack ventilation caused by the increased buoyancy of warm air which rises to escape the building through high level outlets, drawing in lower level cool breezes from shaded external areas (South) and evaporative pond (North).

A02

WATERPROOF MEMBRANE ClimaFoam Extruded Polystyrene (UNDERSLAB INSULATION)

PROJECT

DRAWING TYPE

LOCATION

KOOKABURRA HOUSE

HOUSE PLAN

CARLTON, 3053, MELBOURNE

AIR VENTILATION

LEGEND BAMBOO FLOORING POLISHED CONCRETE

CLIENT

MR & MRS EBS

SCALE

DRAWN BY

1:100 @ A3

DIANA ONG (701832)

SISAL FLOORING TIMBER DECKING

CROSS VENTILATION LOUVRE SHADING CURTAIN WITH PELMET

IN SLAB HYDRONIC HEATING

Underslab insulation Concrete slab Composite pipe Compacted fill

Reinforcing mesh Vapour barrier

RENEWABLE ENERGY - PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

SURFACE MOUNTED LED DOWNLIGHTS

Sunlight

Controller

Tesla Powerwall PV Array

Air leakage can occur through gaps in recessed downlights, resulting in loss in heating and cooling.

SolarEdge single phase inverter AC

Brightgreen recessed D550 SH Curve LED downlight avoids punctuations through ceiling insulation, creating an airtight interior environment - saves energy for heating & cooling.

2

2

Electric Switchboard

2

Computers

2

etc...

Electric hot water booster

Induction stove

MONOCRYSTALLINE PANELS

2

2

- provides cool white light, gentle on the eyes; 80% energy saving compared to traditional light sources

2

Philips LED EyeCare desk light

Lighting

18 x 270W JA solar Monocrystalline 60-cell 270W

2 2

- provides 200 lumens & 7 year warranty, fitted in hallways and bedrooms for ambient light with a dimming capability.

2

2

W200 Curve LED wall light

2

- provides 900-920 lumens & 7 year warranty, fitted in living and dining room for brightness and energy efficiency.

PV Metre

2

Brightgreen D900 SH Curve LED Downlight

Utility Meter

2

Specifications & Impacts

PSU NTD

PCD

LIGHTS Types

2

facing towards North as it is the optimal path for Melbourne. Monocrystalline is more costly compared to polycrystalline, but it is more efficient due to higher silicon purity.

(JA solar, 2016)

2

2

2

2 2

FAN - AEROTRON e503

The switchboard is located in a indoor compartment where it is safe and provides easy access to occupants. Smoke alarm are placed 1.5 meters of the entrance to the bedrooms. The exhaust fan is placed in the kitchen removes odours and smoke, improving air quality.

(Aerotron, 2016)

75% less energy compared to an ordinary (80 watt) AC ceiling fan; installed with a 6W LED light. Fans create air movements, enabling passive cooling through evaporative cooling on occupants. It is the most cost effective method of cooling and consumes the least amount of electricity as compared to other systems.

PROJECT

A03

KOOKABURRA HOUSE CLIENT

MR & MRS EBS

PLACEMENT

LEGEND AEROTRON FAN WITH 6W LED LIGHT

To electric pole

2

2

SURFACE MOUNTED LIGHTS

To Telecom

DRAWING TYPE

LOCATION

COMMUNICATIONS

CARLTON, 3053, MELBOURNE

ELECTRICAL, LIGHTING

SCALE

DRAWN BY

1:100 @ A3

DIANA ONG (701832)

SOLAR -> ELECTRICAL ENERGY Estimated solar power energy yield : ~5kW Estimated power generated per day : ~26 kWh Typical household average power usage per day in Melbourne : ~18 kWh

PSU NTD

Power generated is mostly likely able to sustain electricity usage on site, excess electricity produced is stored in the battery for backup.

PCD

DOUBLE GPO WEATHERPROOF GPO

WALL MOUNTED LIGHTS

SINGLE SWITCH

TABLE LAMP

MULTIPLE SWITCH

SMOKE DETECTOR

WIRINGS

PREMISES CONNECTION DEVICE

EXHAUST FAN

NETWORK TERMINATION DEVICE

ELECTRIC METER

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

SWITCHBOARD

cold water hot water for domestic use hot water for space heating Apricus solar collectors

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEM

HYDRONIC HEATING IN SLAB Typical pattern of pipes in slab to ensure even heat distribution

Solar collector panel

EB SHWS

M

The electric booster provides additional heating to the required temperature when needed.

T

facing North Decoupled hot water system

ZONE 1

The hot water outlets for domestic use such as showering is separated from the hot water outlets for space heating such as the in-slab hydronic heating. The hot water storage tank is placed relatively near to the collector to reduce heat loss through radiation.

M

T

ZONE 2

T

Thermostats allow control over temperature, zoning and timing - maximizes comfort and saves energy consumption. A manifold is used to further distribute and balance water flow to each circuit/ zone.

Sunlight EB M

to domestic water use

SHWS

EVACUATED TUBE SOLAR COLLECTORS Storage tank

T

Apricus evacuated tube collectors are extremely efficient compared to flat plates due to their greater surface area and excellent performance in overcast conditions or unfavorable weather.

cold water from mains

T

TR

Noon

T

T

H

(Apricus, 2016)

TR

Morning Afternoon H

The heat energy captured by the dark absorber coating inside the tube is retained by the vaccum seal which acts like an insulator.

Electric booster

to space heating systems

Vapour rises, condensed liquid returns to bottom

Sunlight

Location of cold water pipes are as shown for clarity; actual position in inside masonry cavity wall

Apricus 315L Electric Boosted 30 Evacuated Tubes Solar Hot Water System is used to heat water for domestic use. Roth solar combi stratified storage tank ensures the permanent layering of the heated water. It is suitable to store both hot water for space heating and domestic water.

H

F

The overall heating system in the house is based on renewable solar energy.

PV panels transfer solar energy into electricity which is then supplied to the electric booster of the SHWS and the induction cooktop. Thus, the heating system in independent of gas, fulfilling the clients' request to reduce fossil fuel consumption.

LEGEND H.W. FOR SPACE HEATING

Absorber coating

cold water

Vaccum space

H.W. FOR DOMESTIC USAGE

hot water

A04

PROJECT

DRAWING TYPE

LOCATION

KOOKABURRA HOUSE

GAS & WATER SUPPLY

CARLTON, 3053, MELBOURNE

CLIENT

MR & MRS EBS

SCALE

1:100 @ A3

DRAWN BY

DIANA ONG (701832)

ELEVATION DETAIL OF PIPING IN STUD WALL FRAMING

1:20 @A3 waterproofing membrane

MAINS WATER

clip timber studs

F

FILTER

SHW H

HYDRONIC HEATING PANELS

TR

HYDRONIC HEATED TOWEL RAILS

M MANIFOLD EB ELECTRIC BOOSTER T

PUMP 5XXX kL RAINWATER TANK

ROTH COMBI STRATIFIED HOT WATER TANK

THERMOSTAT APRICUS EVACUATED TUBES SOLAR HOT WATER PANELS

RAINWATER HARVESTING - FIRST FLUSH DIVERTER Rain

GREYWATER TREATMENT - COLLECTION & USE

Klip lok metal sheeting gutter mesh to prevent leaves and debris from blocking gutters

DRIP IRRIGATION Most efficient method of irrigating, with less water wasted as water is sent directly to the root zone of the plants.

leaf- shedding rainhead first flush diverters to prevent the most contaminated rainwater from entering the tank Diverted water are not wasted A slow release valve ensures that the chamber empties itself to the drip irrigation system

F:\EBS\Wastewater-Treatment-Underground-Rainwater-Tanks-and-Treatment-Plants-from-Ozzi-Kleen-219640-l-jpg.jpg

Ozzi Kleen Grey Water Treatment System

5060L rainwater tank to sewer

First Flush Diverters

from tank

Overflow to sewerage system S

Ozzi Kleen GTS10 uses the Fully Aerobic Activated Sludge technology to keep aerobic bateria in wastewater alive, which actively feeds and break down the waste, resulting in no offensive odours produced. It operates on a cyclic process running only 12 hours a day, reducing overall running costs.

(Ozzikleen, 2016).

Note that plant selection is crucial while using treated greywater for irrigation. Suitable plants include native and indigenous plants such as Breese, King Alfred, Wingarra, Katrinus Deluxe etc.

from tank

Greywater cannot be stored for more than 24 hours, thus unused greywater is flushed into the sewerage system.

First flush of contaminated Water flows to tank water is diverted into the when chamber is full chamber

STORMWATER FLOW A retention pond is designed to control Retention pond stormwater runoff and remove pollutants contained in stormwaters. A pump is connected to the pond to send the collected stormwater to irrigate gardens. It is also connected to the SEP to discharge excess water in case of overflow (Kwok et al., 2011).

Anchoring structure Wall Waterproof membrane

Irrigation system

Riprap

Planted Embankment

Overflow drain

Modular panel for substrates Water from filtered greywater Individual containers can be removed for maintainence/replanting.

The downpipes are in a wet system where pipework is buried and connected underground to the tanks.

Clean rainwater used for the herb garden

Maximum water level To the SEP

Normal water level

Outlet riprap

Drip

GREEN WALL BASIC COMPOSITION

A05

Rainwater overflow to LPD

water sourced from water mains to tank when rainwater is scarce

PROJECT

DRAWING TYPE

KOOKABURRA HOUSE

SEWER & STORMWATER CARLTON, 3053, MELBOURNE

LOCATION

N

CLIENT

SCALE

DRAWN BY

MR & MRS EBS

1:100 @ A3

DIANA ONG (701832)

SEWAGE PIPE

LEGEND

pipe fall

Sewage pipes are to have a fall to avoid sediment build up and enable a "self cleaning action".

The sewage pipeline makes use of the site gradient sloping towards the North East which allows gravitational flow.

INTO GREYWATER SYSTEM

SEWERAGE VENT

OUT OF GREYWATER SYSTEM

DOWNPIPES

SEWERAGE

RAINWATER GARDENS

ROOF GUTTER STORMWATER SYSTEM 5XXX kL RAINWATER TANK

HERB GARDEN WATER RETENTION POND

Resilient Design Strategies employed in the Resilient design is the intentional design of Characteristics Kookaburra house: buildings, landscapes, communities, and regions in - provide for basic human needs - passive systems adopted for heating & response to these vulnerabilities - increases with durability cooling (Resilient design, 2016) - anticipates interruptions & a dynamic - using locally available, renewable & future recycled materials - includes social equity & community - diverse systems found in gardens & - advocates in terms of nature's vegetation on site interest - house made durable with weather - designing and building with the stripping & interior finishes community - use of on-site renewable energy - quality over quantity - water storage tanks available for Benefits to clients in the long run : - ethical clarity, knowledge -based emergency usage increases protection & welfare in times of emergency - sharing and exchange across water conservation by using rainwater & improved health & wellbeing cultures treated greywater durable and long-lasting house - ability for adaptation rainwater gardens increase environmental prepared for change in climate in the future; efficiency of - modularity of system components responsiveness of the house systems & comfort are maximised

RESILIENCE DESIGN

RESILIENT DESIGN - GREEN ROOF BENEFITS OF GREEN ROOF: BASIC STRUCTURE:

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT retains rainwater & filters pollutants slows down stormwater runoff, preventing flash floods

VEGETATION IMPROVED THERMAL PERFORMANCE additional layer reduces heat transfer through roof, decreasing energy use for heating & cooling

SUBSTRATE FILTER LAYER DRAINANGE LAYER PROTECTION FABRIC ROOT BARRIER INSULATION * WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE

CONCRETE SLAB

*

A06

REDUCING URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT covers the impervious surfaces with vegetation that would otherwise absorb heat evapotranspiration provides cooling effect on site ECOLOGICAL BIODIVERSITY enhance biodiversity by providing new urban habitat create green corridors AESTHETICS & URBAN FOOD PRODUCTION increase liveability of cities, improves recreation, relaxation and commercial values enables food production CLEANING THE AIR plants with high foilage density & textured leaf surfaces trap small particles in air, improving air quality reduce volatile organic compounds from the air

Inverted green roof - Insulation is installed above the waterproofing membrane to protect membrane from condensation and physical damage

PROJECT

DRAWING TYPE

LOCATION

KOOKABURRA HOUSE

DESIGN FOR RESILIENCE

CARLTON, 3053, MELBOURNE

CLIENT

SCALE

DRAWN BY

MR & MRS EBS

NON-SPECIFIED

DIANA ONG (701832)

JUSTIFICATIONS - GREEN ROOF PROPOSAL ON SITE Green roof structure as proposed in Drawing set A01 meets clients' request to have a green roof for resilient design. Nonetheless, the proposed green roof only occupies approximately half of the roof coverage area, pitched at 3 degrees towards the South. This is due to the installation of PV panels and solar collectors on the roof facing the North which takes up roughly 80% of the roof area.

67.07m2

70.93 m2

Although the use of green roofs will decrease cool down PV panels, preventing overheating while increasing its efficiency, mounted panels would create overcast shadows throughout the day on the green roof, possibly impeding the growth of the plants on the roof. Moreover, plants absorb water, reducing water runoff which is needed to irrigate gardens, whereas Klip Lok roof are extremely efficient in directing stormwater flow into water systems due to its smooth surface. Therefore, a compromise is achieved by combining the use of both roof types to meet the clients' needs and wants.

TYPE OF ROOFS & THEIR IMPACTS Type of roof/ Impacts Metal sheet roofing Extensive green roof

Total energy Water runoff Total roof coverage (m2) use (kWh) (m3) 67.07

1521.8

Reduction in energy use (%)

75.0 14.4% with green roof

70.93

1302.7

Reduction in water runoff (m3)

17.2% with green roof

90.6

TYPE - EXTENSIVE GREEN ROOF The extensive green roof type is chosen due to the reasons below: (Kwok, 2011) lower maintenance - a self sustaining system which does not require specific attention lower installation & maintenance costs, shorter design time stronger roof structure required to support heavier weight of substrates & plants + weight of water retained in soil Characteristics: shallow substrate - typically less than 200mm -- not suitable for general access roof structure similar to conventional roof converings vegetation limited to low, shallow-rooted & groundcover plants Limitations: permitted vegetation includes succulents, grasses, mosses & herbs non-accessible less energy efficient than extensive green roofs die to greater stormwater retention capacity Installation / Considerations: wind uplift may cause considerable damage to property & it is costly to repair --> careful plant selection and the gradation of vegetation height can mitigate this problem vegetation should not be installed over expansion joints where waterproofing is inspected ensure that preformed waterproofing is certified root resistant, suitable for the substrate and installed by trained and certified professionals planting should be completed in autumn & winter to assist plant establishment before summer a leak test should be performed prior to the installation of substrates to ensure the efficiency of the waterproofing layer flood testing should be done after waterproofing is installed to ensure that the building structure can withstand weight of water accumulated

DESIGN CHOICES & JUSTIFICATIONS The house is located on a rectilinear site with its longer edge oriented towards the North. It is offset approximately 6m to the West and 8m to the East to avoid overshadowing from neighbouring houses. Its location at the centre of the site avoids noise pollution from the main street at the South, while maximising the North site to accommodate gardens, a pond and an outdoor living area. Existing vegetation is preserved on site while new trees are planted to provide extra shading, scenic views and to direct winds into the house for cross ventilation. For instance, Evergreen trees are planted at the South for acoustic insulation, privacy and scenic views. Living and dining rooms face the North as it is most used during the day while bedrooms are situated at the cool southerly side of the house.

The location of the site in Melbourne – climate zone 6, increases the need for thermal comfort during cold winters. In this case, passive heating techniques include the use of high thermal mass of the external reversed brick veneer wall combined with the R2.5 glass wool insulation provide efficient thermal insulation to the house. The concrete slab on ground is insulated especially at slab edges with extruded polystyrene to prevent heat loss through the slab, and also to reduce termite risk. Natural bamboo flooring and green certified tiles are used in the kitchen and toilets for easy maintenance. However, the concrete slab is left exposed in the living and dining areas so as to maximise passive heat gain in winter from the North sun. These thermal masses help regulate the temperature of the house by absorbing heat from the winter sun, and releasing heat slowing during the night, moderating the diurnal shifts of the Melbourne climate, maximising the clients’ comfort in winter. Natural sisal is used for rugs and bedroom carpeting as environmental friendly alternatives to synthetic carpets.

During summer, upward raked eaves projected 900mm from windows help shade North-facing living areas from the summer sun while allowing for maximum sun penetration during winter. Summer shade is also provided by deciduous vines on the pergola and deciduous trees at the North side. These plants are suitable as they shed leaves in winter, providing heat to the thermal mass such as the polished concrete floor and masonry walls. Recycled ship sails are to be used as temporary awnings at the North pergola until the deciduous vines fully mature. West-facing windows are shaded by vertical timber louvres to provide shade from the hot afternoon sun. The retention pond located outside the living compensates for the absence of active cooling systems by pre-cooling the air entering the house and creating convection breezes. Passive cooling is further facilitated by clerestory windows and fans which create stack ventilation and air circulation, maximizing clients’ comfort during hot summers.

FSC certified timber are used for window frames as they are a renewable building material with good thermal and sound insulating properties. All windows are double glazed with an argon fill as it is a viscous gas which minimizes convection and overall transfer of heat between the inside and the outside. This is because the density of the gas is greater than the density of the air, resulting in its higher thermal performance. South-facing windows are minimized to reduce heat lost in winter. Nevertheless, they help facilitate cross-ventilation during summer. The green wall offset from the South façade further filters air entering the house, improving the indoor air quality. Curtains with pelmets are also used in bedrooms to provide privacy to the household while acting as a barrier to retain heat in the interior during winter. All windows gaps are sealed to be draught-proof and provide an airtight environment.

Renewable, clean sources of energy are employed on site to harness energy for heating and electricity. The benefits to the clients’ comfort and the environment impact in the long run far outweighs the disadvantages in terms of its high capital cost. In this case, the clients agree to invest in 18 photovoltaic panels to generate enough electrical energy for household systems. The metal roof with a single slop toward the North is pitched at 30° as it is the optimum angle for photovoltaic panels. Thus, the house is more resilient as it does not rely on the main grid for electricity.

Nevertheless, LED lighting and electrical appliances with high energy ratings are carefully chosen to reduce total energy consumption. Solar energy is also collected by evacuated tube collectors are mounted on the similar roof, but at a steeper angle of 50° to heat water for hydronic heating and domestic hot water. It is collected in a stratified tank which separates both waters with their individual outlets due to the different temperature requirements. Hydronic heating in slab is employed as an effective form of heating in the living and dining which are the most used areas in the house.

It provides constant heat distribution and zoned into two locations (living and dining) to save energy and costs. The addition of thermostats further save energy by allowing clients to control the amount of heating needed. Hydronic panels and towel warmers are utilized in the bedrooms and bathrooms as they heat up faster. In these cases, although active heating is employed, it is operated by efficient systems powered by clean and renewable solar energy. This enables the house to be independent of fossil fuels (use of gas) while reducing its environmental impact in the long run.

MATERIAL SCHEDULE WALL COMPONENT TYPE Recycled brick

MANUFACTURER

PRODUCT

SPECIFICATIONS / ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(S)/

The Brick Recyclers

Recycled Grade A - Cream

Timber Stud framing

Specified by contractor

Insulation

Fletcher Insulation

Structural hardwood /softwood timber PINK BATTS® R2.5

Environmentally friendly and sustainable option; Natural building material, pressed from local Melbourne clay and fired using traditional methods; Strong and durable material; Budget friendly building option Ensure wood is strong & dimensionally stable; costeffective lightweight; easy to install

Sarking

Ametalin

Exterior cladding Interior cladding

Boral

Interior paint on masonry

Ecolour

Boral

CEILING & ROOF COMPONENT MANUFACTURER TYPE Photovoltaic JA Solar cells

Silverwrap Reflective Insulation Boral Rusticated Cladding ENVIRO™ Plasterboard

ECOLOUR™ Econamel

Good Environmental Choice Australia (GECA) certified; Australian made; Manufactured from up to 80% recycled content 97% reflective, suitable in bushfire prone areas

Meets the Australian Forestry Standard (AFS) AS 4707-2006 Incorporating proprietary Recycled Materials Technology (RMT); certified as complying with Good Environmental Choice Australia (GECA) Panel Board Standard GECA 04-2007.

Zero VOC, acrylic paint with exceptional coverage that produces a premium quality, durable satin or gloss finish

PRODUCT

SPECIFICATIONS / ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(S)/

Monocrystalline 60-cell 270W

Approx. 4% more power output per m² ; Triple International Electrical Commission (IEC) test guarantees long-term reliability; Higher module efficiency reduces system costs per watt 97.6% efficiency; small lightweight and easy to install; 12-25 years warranty R-Values of R5.0 and R7.0; glasswool insulation

Inverter

Solar Edge

Ceiling Insulation

Bradford

Insulation under green roof

Foamular

Insulation under metal roofing

Bradford

Bradford Anticon

MANUFACTURER

PRODUCT

SPECIFICATIONS / ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(S)/

Specified by contractor

Recycled concrete flooring

Use at least 30% recycled aggregate for typical structural concrete; utilises waste materials in its manufacture; cost effective, minimises waste; decreases landfill, reduces embodied energy

FLOOR COMPONENT TYPE In situ concrete slab on ground

Solar edge Single phase Inverter Gold HiPerformance Ceiling Batts Foamular Extruded Polystyrene (XPS)

Higher R-values; 100mm achieves R3.57; provides no nutritional value to plants, animals or bacteria, so it is not degraded by their presence; variety of compressive strengths foil-faced insulation blanket; reflective foil facing reduces radiant heat entering a home during summer, and helps prevent condensation in winter

Under slab insulation

Knauf Insulation

ClimaFoam® Extruded Polystyrene (XPS)

Tiles Earp Bros WINDOWS & GLAZING COMPONENT MANUFACTURER TYPE Glazing Viridian

Slip resistant tiles

continuous service temperature limit of ClimaFoam XPS Board is up to +70º C; highly resistant to compression and withstands both occasional and long term static loads; Water Resistant Sisial is 100% biodegradable; extremely hardwearing and strong; natural fibres helping to control the humidity in the atmosphere; provides a natural sound insulation and are generally better for those prone to allergies and asthmatic reactions highly fire resistant timber; durability rating of 2 produced from rapidly renewable Moso Bamboo which grows to maturity in 5-6 years; Lifetime Structural Warranty For safety of occupant; green certified tiles

Rug

Exclusive Floors

Natural Sisal

Carpet

Floorspace

Natural SISAL Floorcovering

Decking Bamboo

Britton timbers Genesis

Blackbutt decking Genesis bamboo flooring

PRODUCT

SPECIFICATIONS / ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(S)/

ThermoTech

Frame

Miglas

Sealing

Raven

Victorian Ash Hardwood Weather Strips

Double glazing provides greater insulating performance, reducing heating and cooling costs; Low E coating can be applied to allow natural light through without emitting radiant heat, maximising light and energy efficiency; locally manufactured Raw material source from AFS certified Victorian Ash Hardwood from Victoria Seal against draughts

PRODUCT

SPECIFICATIONS / ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(S)/

Round Poly Tank 5060 L

Highly durable - 25 year warranty; UV Stabilised for long life with excellent impact resistance

Apricus 315L Electric Boosted 30 Evacuated Tubes Solar Hot Water Roth solar combi stratified storage tank

Environmentally friendly, maintenance free, reliable and frost protected; curved shape of the tubes allows thermal absorption from a greater range of sun angles

WATER SYSTEMS COMPONENT MANUFACTURER TYPE Rainwater Stratco tank

Solar hot water system + electric booster

Apricus

Roth

Hydronic panel radiators Heated Towel Rail

Henrad

Greywater treatment system

Ozzi Clean

Henrad

Henrad Premium ECO Heat Outputs (Single panel) Oceanus Towel Warmer Ozzi Kleen Grey Water Treatment System (GTS10)

suitable for heating hot water and domestic water; designed to guarantee the permanent temperature layering of the heated water; continual addition of fresh water-domestic water free of Legionella bacteria Heat up 25% faster than a standard panel radiator and maximising available energy; Reduced energy loss / emissions from back panel up to 8.8% Optional electric elements available for towel warming in summer; 5 Year Manufacturer’s Warranty Approved by EPA Victoria; utilizing the Fully Aerobic Activated Sludge technology, no odour

ELECTRICAL FIXTURES/ APPLIANCES COMPONENT MANUFACTURER PRODUCT TYPE Fan Aerotron e503 model

Downlights

Brightgreen

D550 SH Curve LED downlight

Wall lights

Brightgreen

Washing Machine

Asko

W200 Curve LED wall light Asko W6884ECO washer

Dryer

Asko

Induction Stovetop

Bosch

Dishwasher

Bosch

Fridge

LG

T884XLCHP Heat Pump Dryer Serie | 8 PIN875N17E 80 cm Induction Cooktop Serie 6 SMU50M05AU Built-under 60 cm Dishwasher 442L Top Mount Refrigerator

SPECIFICATIONS / ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT(S)/ 75% less energy compared to an ordinary (80 watt) AC ceiling fan; DC Motor Technology; Wobble free technology; flying lead fitting; 65 lumens of brightness for every watt, compared to just 31 lumens for a standard LED; eliminates the need for cutouts and gaps in insulation, stop conditioned air from escaping through the roof, save on heating and cooling, 7 Years Warranty Run on 5 watts; eliminates the need for cutouts and gaps in insulation The W6884ECO has a 5 star energy and 5 star WELS rating; By connecting to both hot and cold taps, the ECO washer will take less time to heat and uses less energy.

6 star energy rating, providing savings in electrical energy, making it a cost effective appliance choice selectable boost in power output for up to a 50% shorter time to boiling, Timer with automatic switch off for all zones High energy efficiency and low water consumption with 4.0 star energy & 5.0 star water; really quiet operation at only 44 dB. 4 Star Energy Rating ; LED lighting

Provisional Diagnostic Information

FirstRate® Provisional Diagnostic Information Project Information Mode

New Home

Site Exposure

suburban

Climate

21 Melbourne RO

Client Name

Kookaburra House

Rated Address

Melbourne

Accredited Rater

DIANA ONG SZE MEI

Date

DATE HERE!

Reference Energy Usage Total

Type

40.4

Heating

Energy MJ/m²

37.4

Cooling

3.0

Areas

Area

Net Conditioned Floor Area (NCFA)

93.0

Garage Area

0.0

Unconditioned Room Area

Zones

Zone

Kitchen/Living

53.7

Bath

6.8

Bedroom 3 WC

Bedroom 2 Hallway Ensuite

Bedroom 1 Laundry Entry

11.1 2.1

10.7 4.9 4.4

17.6 3.3 8.6

Area (m²)

Size (m²)

30.2

Conditioning Type

kitchen

Y

unconditioned

N

bedroom

unconditioned bedroom

unconditioned unconditioned bedroom

unconditioned unconditioned

Y

N Y

N N Y

N N

Conditioned

Walls

Type

Insulation

Reverse Brick Veneer Floors

2.5

Type

CSOG: Slab on Ground Roofs/Ceilings

2.0

1

Insulation

Type

Slab:Slab - Suspended Slab Windows

Num Reflective Airgaps

encl

Ventilation

Insulation

6.0

Type

TIM-006-01 W: Timber B DG Argon Fill Clear-Clear

Direction

W

123.2

Area (m²)

0.28

2.60

0.53

Area (m²)

1.58 8.90

Area (m²)

1.6

N

Area (m²)

SHGC

2.50

Window Directions

121.1

85.9

U-Value

TIM-006-02 W: Timber B DG Argon Fill Tint-Clear

Area (m²)

6.5

S

2.4

Air leakage Generic Vent

Item

Unflued Gas Heater Exhaust Fan Downlight

-

Sealed

0

-

0

4

0

0

Chimney

0

0

Heater Flue

Unsealed

0

-

0

Zone Energy Loads Zone

Heating (MJ/m2) Total Heating (MJ) Cooling (MJ/m2) Total Cooling (MJ)

Kitchen/Living 41.0

2199.4

6.4

343.6

Bedroom 2

476.0

0.2

2.3

Bedroom 3

55.5 44.6

614.3

0.4

4.4

Bedroom 1

61.5

1083.3

0.1

1.8

Provisional Diagnostic Information 28-08-2016 23:00:19 Ver:5.2.0 (3.13) Engine Ver:3.13 Accredited Rater:DIANA ONG SZE MEI Assessor's Accreditation Number:701832

\ First Rate Assignment 1 – House Energy Rating Component Template Student Name: Diana Ong Sze Mei

Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036 - 2016 SM2 Student Number: 701832

House Name: Kookaburra House Use this template to describe and explain:   

5 key changes you made to your house in the rating software, the reasons why you made these changes, and what improvement these changes had on the Star rating and score.

Please also print the report from the FirstRate5 software, showing your name and student number in the client details, and the final Star rating.

Initial Star Rating: Floors: 1) Insulation R2.0 added to concrete slab on ground increases thermal insulation of building, reduces energy use for heating & cooling while reducing termite risk

Change to Stars: +0.5

Walls: 1) Reverse brick veneer chosen for exterior walls the brick layer located within external timber frame envelope has high thermal mass, regulates the internal temperature of the building 2) Glass fibre batt R2.5, 40 mm air gap and reflective foil added to external brick wall reflective insulation has high resistivity and low emissivity to reflect radiant heat away from building 3) Glass fibre batt R2.5 and reflective foil added to internal stud wall – increase thermal insulation, foil to reflect heat away from building

Change to Stars: + 0.4

Ceilings: 1) Added R6.0 bulk insulation with double sided foil type – roofing foil provides an affective barrier against moisture, vapours, wind, heat and dust penetration when overlapped

Change to Stars: +5.9

Windows (and Skylights if relevant): 1) Added more windows & openings to North side North facades receive more solar radiation in winter Although the energy ratings decreased, this change aids in passive heating of the house 2) Double glazed timber window with argon fill - Double glazing increases thermal insulation of windows, has high SHGC and low U-value to increase thermal values in the house during winter low U value – 4.1 (heat loss low) - high SHGC – 0.52 (solar heat gain for residential building) - argon filled - Offer increased R-values, Increases the soundproofing characteristics, Minimizes heat exchange through the window

Change to Stars: -0.3

3) -

+ 0.5

+1.2

Eaves added Roof eaves shade North summer sun and reduces glare from East or West

/ Air Leakage and Design Features: 1) Sealing of exhaust fans & windows Final Star rating: 8.4

Change to Stars: + 0.2

SERVICES CHOICES Clients are willing to invest in highly efficient and environmentally friendly services and appliances to reduce overall environmental impact of the house. Priority is given to services which utilises renewable energy, efficient operating systems and has low environmental impact and low energy consumption.

Passive design, including the orientation of building, location and size of openings and choice of material use, reduces the demand for active heating and cooling. Nonetheless, heating systems – hydronic heating in slab, hydronic panels and the warmed towel rack are provided as additional heating for added comfort of users during more extreme temperatures such as during heatwaves, mid-winter and mid-summer seasons in Melbourne. In terms of generating heat energy, the solar hot water system is employed. In this case, frost-free Apricus evacuated tubes chosen as they are highly efficient solar energy collectors which absorbs and transfer heat to the water storage tank.

This is due to their larger surface areas as compared to the flat plates while being able to absorb sunlight coming from different angles, at different times of the day. This heated water is stored in the Roth solar combi stratified storage tank which separates the layers heated water at different temperatures. This water gets pumped out into two different outlets, one for hydronic heating and one for domestic hot water use. An electric booster is connected to the system to provide additional heat when required. These systems are also controlled by individual thermostats which enables zoning, reducing the overall energy consumption. In addition to passive cooling techniques where windows are carefully positioned to maximise cross ventilation, ceiling fans are used as cost-effective methods to circulate air. These ceiling fans help to increase air movement in the room, which subsequently increases the evaporation rate of sweat on our skin, and cools down our body. The fan also circulates breezes and promote cross ventilation. In response to the main disadvantage of ceiling fans, which is the noise the motor produces, the Aerotron fan is chosen due to its silent performance made possible by the company’s biometric engineering and aerodynamic contours of the blades with small winglets.

In terms of electricity, JA Solar’s monocrystalline photovoltaic panels absorb solar energy and convert it into electricity. It has high conversion efficiency, high capacity and power output performance per unit area. It is a sustainable method of producing energy as solar energy is a renewable resource which is available all year round in Melbourne. This system is estimated to produce 10,069 kWh per year, which is more than the average Australian household which uses 6570kWh per year. Thus, the energy produced is sufficient to cover the energy consumption of the clients. LED lighting is used for surface mounted downlights and wall lights in the house. LED lights from Brightgreen are chosen due to their highly durable and have minimal impact on the environment. Brightgreen D900 SH Curve LED Downlight and W200 Curve LED wall lights are surface mounted. This avoids penetrations into the insulation which creates gaps and thermal bridges, leading to less heat loss from the building and less cost on heating. Electrical appliances such as washing machines, dryers, dishwashers and other domestic appliances are also chosen according to their efficiency and energy ratings.

Water is an extremely important resource for the client due to the high demand for irrigation for gardens and vegetation surrounding the house. Thus, the Klip Lok metal roof sheeting is used for the roof sloping towards the North to promote rainwater harvesting. First flush diverters are used to divert initial rainfall which contains small amounts of pollutants and dust particles to drip irrigation systems in the gardens. The clean, collected rainwater is then stored in two 5060L Stratco Poly Tank which is highly durable to store large volumes of water. It is connected to the water mains to provide water in times of emergencies. The overflow tank is also connected to the legal point of discharge in the event of overflow. Thus, the tank improves the resiliency of the water system to adapt to unforeseen circumstances that might happen in the future. Rainwater in the tank is mainly used in the kitchen, shower, baths and laundry. This saves costs while reducing the demand for potable water and the impact of stormwater run-off in the local environment.

Due to the client’s interest in gardening, the greywater system is treated and used to irrigate gardens. The greywater treatment system chosen is the Ozzi Kleen Grey Water Treatment System (GTS10) which is a system approved by the Environment Protection Authority Victoria. The heavy-duty polyethylene tank can store and treat 2000L of greywater, where its recycling system aerator runs every 12 hours, reducing the overall running costs. This system utilizes the Aerobic Activated Sludge technology where oxygen is circulated by an aerator in a tank to keep naturally occurring bacteria alive. This bacteria actively feeds and break down the waste in the aeration compartment.

The system then enters the settling stage, where the sludge settles to the bottom of the tank, leaving clarified water on the top. This treated water is then decanted and stored in a separate compartment for reuse in gardens and also to flush toilets. Nonetheless, precautions have to be taken while using this system. For example, the treated water cannot be stored for more than 24 hours and thus have to be discharged to the sewer.

While the collection of rainwater and reuse of treated greywater are efficient methods of conserving water, using water efficient fixtures such as showerheads and taps are equally important to ensure that clean water from the mains is not wasted. Thus, Reece’s Nikles Pure 14 Rail Shower and Caroma Pearl Back to Wall Dual Flush Toilet Suite, each having the Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards of 3 and 4 stars, are chosen for the bathrooms as water efficient fixtures and toilets. The rail shower can save 70,080 L of water use per year whereas the dual flush toilet can save up to 8 litres per flush over an older single flush unit. The water collected and conserved by clients by adopting these systems can add up to a significant amount, reducing the client’s monthly costs while contributing to the local neighbourhood and environment in terms of reducing stormwater runoffs which helps avoid flash floods, reducing soil erosion and minimising the effects of water shortages. The conservation of water also ensures that future generations have adequate water supply while ensuring the clean quality of water resource, further contributing to the resilience of the local neighbourhood.

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