Physical Education Workbook Tercer trimestre 2ยบESO
1. INTRODUCTION
(Tomado de Miguel ﾃ］gel Berrocal)
Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball through a hoop, 3.05 metres high. The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and there is a hoop at each end. The court is divided into two main sections by the mid-court line. Panorﾃ｡mica general del juego: http://www.elpais.com/especial/juegosolimpicos/swf/baloncesto08.swf
The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling. The team with the ball is called the offense. The team without the ball is called the defense. When a team scores a basket, they score two points and the ball goes to the other team. If a basket is made outside of the three-point arc, then that basket is worth three points. A free throw is worth one point. Free throws are usually given when a foul is made while shooting. 1. Aim of the game: 2 teams of 5players attempt to score as many baskets as possible in a time match. 2. The court: 15 m x 28 m. 3 point line for NBA: 7.24 m. 3 point line for FIBA: 6.25 m.
3. The basket: is 3.05 hight.
4. The ball: weighs between 600 and 650 grammes. 5.
Match duration: 4 quarters of 10 minutes playing time. In case of a tie, there is a 5 minute overtime period. Play continues until a winner is determined. The clock stops at each whistle or when one of the two coaches demands a time out.
6. THE PLAYERS
1. The point guard. 2. The shooting guard. 3. The small forward. 4. The power forward. 5. The center.
KEY WORDS Team
Equipo
Basquet
Canasta
To score
Anotar una canasta
Match
Partido
Shooting
Tirar, lanzar
Tie
Empate
Hoop
Aro
Whistle
Silvato
Court
Pista
The point guard.
Base
Is worth
Vale(valer)
The shooting guard.
Escolta
Free throw
Tiro libre
The small forward.
Alero peque単o
Aim of the game
Objetivo del juego
The power forward.
Alero Alto o fuerte
To atempt
Intentar
The center
Pivot
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2. RULES. Fouls and Violations FOULS Personal fouls: Personal fouls contact. •
Hitting
•
Pushing
include any type of illegal physical
•
Holding
•
Illegal screen
VIOLATIONS Walking/Traveling. Taking more than two steps without dribbling the ball is named as traveling.
Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or stopping the dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble.
Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they cannot go back across the line with the ball. If they do, the ball is given to the other team. Time regulations: 24 seconds to attempt a basket. 8 seconds to advance the ball into attacking zone. 5 seconds to dribble, shoot or pass the ball. 3 seconds to leave the key
KEY WORDS Foul
Falta
Dribble
Bote
Hitting
Golpear
Back-court violation
Campo atrás
Pushing
Empujar
Brought
Traído(To bring)
Holding
Sujetar
Mid-court
Media pista
Illegal screen
Pantalla illegal
Key
Zona
Travelling
Cámino
Tie
Empate
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3. BASQUETBALL SKILLS
(Tomado de http://www.basketball-plays-and-tips.com)
.
A. DRIBLING Reasons to dribble: 1) Advance the ball up the court. 2) Penetrate to the hoop. 3) Find good passing lanes. 4) Get out of trouble.
Some basic ball handling guidelines: 1) Dribble with a purpose 2) Keep your head up 3) Use the hand farthest from the defender to dribble with. 4) Don't pick the dribble up unless you have a pass or shot available. 5) Don't dribble into trouble (between 2 defenders or into the corners).
Basketball Dribbling Fundamentals 1) Basic Technique The dribble is a push-pull movement of the arm. Your fingers must form a cup to adapt to the ball. Fingers and wrist must be relaxed. Control the ball with your fingers, not the palms. Raise your nondribbling hand up for protection.
Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/gm_I_EKTZvc
KEY WORDS Hoop
Aro
Corner
Esquina
Get out
Salir
Fundamentals
Fundamentos
Purpose
Objetivo
Cup
Copa
Farthest
El mรกs lejano
Raise
Levantar
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1. Control, or Low Dribble
•
Use this when you're closely guarded. Keep your body between the ball and the defender.
•
Dribble the ball at knee level or lower and slightly away from your body so it's harder for the defender to hit it.
•
Advance the ball with a step and slide movement.
•
Keep your free hand up to protect the ball while keeping you dribbling arm close to your body.
•
You have to u keep you head up and eyes off the ball.
Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/ZNM8e4qReno
2. Speed, or High Dribble Use this type of basketball dribbling when you need to advance the ball quickly. Keep your body nearly erect, leaning forward slightly. •
Extend your dribbling arm fully, pushing the ball out in front of your body.
•
Keep the ball near waist level or higher to help maintain maximum speed.
KEY WORDS Closely guarded
Defendido de cerca
Leaning
Inclinando
Slide
Deslizante
Slightly
Ligeramente
Nearly
Casi
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3. Crossover Dribble This technique is good to use when you're being closely guarded. It helps you change direction quickly. •
When your foot on the dribbling side contacts the floor, push hard toward your opposite foot and bounce the ball across your body with a quick flexion of your wrist and fingers. The lower you bounce the ball, the quicker you do your crossover dribble.
•
Take a step back with the foot on the receiving side as your receiving hand gets the ball. Quickness is extremely important with this basketball dribbling fundamental.
Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/6oa1UgVc_4U KEY WORDS Crossover dribble
Cambio de mano en bote
Closely guarded
Defendido de cerca
Quickness
Rapidez
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4. Spin, or Reverse Dribble Another change of direction technique. Advantage: You keep your body between the defender and the ball. Disadvantage: You lose sight for a moment of your teammates and the basket. •
If you're dribbling right and need to go left - stop, plant your left foot and pivot on it as you spin in the opposite direction with your back to the defender.
•
Keep the ball close to your body as you spin and switch it to your left hand.
•
As you complete the turn, dribble with your left hand and keep your head up to see the floor.
Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/Dv-R51ahfBs
KEY WORDS Spin
Giro
Teammates
Compañeros de equipo
Reverse
Reverso
switch
Cambiar
Sight
Mirada
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5. Behind-the-Back Another way to change direction and you'll always maintain visual contact with game action with this basketball dribbling fundamental. •
If you're dribbling with your right hand, slide your hand to the outside of the ball as you put your weight on your right foot.
•
Flick the ball behind your back above the back of your knee and across the back of your thigh as you move your left foot forward.
•
Catch the ball with your left hand and continue dribbling. Make sure to get your left leg forward so the ball has room to come under your left hand for a smooth transition.
Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/6L1Y7YHK_8A
KEY WORDS Outside
Fuera
As
Mientras
Slide
Desliza
Smooth
Suave
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6. Between-the-Legs Dribble This works well when you're being hard defended. •
If you're dribbling with your right hand, keep the ball low and switch it to your left hand.
•
Bounce the ball through your legs with a quick hit of your wrist, fingers and lower arm.
Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/15_rYLFucro
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B. SHOOTING • Lay up shot a. Technique: •
Jump as high as possible when executing this shot. The first step must be long and the last one, short.
•
The last step should be the opposite to the shooting hand
•
The non-shooting hand under the ball, and shooting hand on top of the ball.
•
You have to carry the ball with two hands until the last moment.
•
Lift the shooting knee and release the ball in the highest point.
•
Try to aim to the backboard square. b. Common mistakes:
•
Losing Control on the Shot: This usually occurs if players take the non-shooting hand off the ball too soon. Concentrate on keeping the non-shooting hand on the ball until the release.
•
Using a Long Jump: This usually occurs when you take a long step before jumping, propelling players forward instead of up. Make sure the last step is short.
•
The last step is given with the same foot to the shooting hand. You must start the first step with the same foot to shooting hand and end with the opposite.
Watch in youtube: http://youtu.be/rV-4Jk2oOYE KEY WORDS Loosing
Lay up shot
Tiro en bandeja
To release
Liberar
Take off
Quitar
Blackboard square
Cuadrado del tablero
Propelling
Propulsar
Carry
LLevar
Perdiendo
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• Set Shot A. Technique: •
When players are performing the one-hand set shot it is vital they keep their eyes on the target.
•
with feet shoulder width apart, and knees slightly bent.
•
The non-shooting hand should be under the ball and the shooting hand at the back of
the ball, with the elbow tucked in. •
The ball should be held between the ear and shoulder.
•
The next phase would be to extend the legs, back, shoulders, and elbow,
•
Then, flex the wrist, and fingers forwards and release the ball at the highest point.
•
After release fingers should be pointed at the target, with the palm facing down.
B. Common mistakes: •
Shot Falls Short: This usually occurs because you haven´t extended your leg completely. However it could also be produced to a lack of rhythm in the shot.
•
Shot Goes Long: The main reason for this is that you have extended your arm less than the 45 degree angle required.
•
Shot Goes Wide: Sometimes this happen because we are starting with the ball to far to our shooting side.
Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/IxaGSW7Yn4Q KEY WORDS held
sostenido
target
Lanzamiento desde parado Objetivo
highest
Punto más alto
Tucked in
Metidos hacia dentro
lack
Ausencia, falta
Set shot
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• Jump shot a. Technique: • The two main differences are that the ball should be held higher, above the players line of vision to the basket. This means having the shooting forearm at a 90 degree angle to the floor. • The other difference is that players release the ball after jumping into the air, , extending everything from their ankles up to their shoulders. C. Common mistakes: • Long Shooting: This happen when a player lowers the ball too far from its high starting position. Concentrate on keeping the ball high and using the legs for power and rhythm. •
Moving in the Air: When players are jumping it is important they land in the same place they took off. Concentrate on jumping up and landing on the same place.
Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/prUyWk7awr8 KEY WORDS Jump shot
Lanzamiento en salto
To land
Aterrizar
To Mean
Significar
To took off
Despegar
To lower
Bajar
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• Hook shot a. Technique: •
Players start with their back to the basket, with feet shoulder width apart and knees slightly bent.
•
You have to be able to see the rim over your non-shooting shoulder.
•
The hand position changes for this shot. the shooting hand should be under the ball and the non-shooting hand behind the ball.
•
Step away from the defender using the opposite foot, and hold the ball back and protect it with the head and shoulders.
•
Then we must pivot towards the basket, lift their knee on the shooting side and jump the pivot foot.
•
Extend the elbow to shoot, and remember to flex the wrist and fingers and release the ball. b. Common mistakes:
•
Losing Control on the Shot: This usually occurs if players take the non-shooting hand off the ball too soon. Concentrate on keeping the non-shooting hand on the ball until the release.
•
Shot is Short or Long: The main cause of this is a shortened elbow extension. Concentrate on extended the arm fully on each shot.
Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/kWu_2aa940o KEY WORDS Hook shot
Lanzamiento en gancho
To pivot
Girar sobre un pie
Rim
Aro
shortened
Acortado
To step
Dar un paso
Fully
Completamente
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C. PASSING 1. The Chest Pass This is the simplest, and most used pass in basketball, probably because it is often the most accurate and quick pass. a. Technique: • The first thing players need to do when they receive the ball is place their hands each side and behind the ball, with their fingers comfortably spread. • The ball should be held in front of the chest with the elbows tucked in. • Maintaining a balanced position with feet shoulder width apart is also important when trying to control the pass. • The next step is to locate the target. • The next phase is executing the chest pass, here players need to step in the direction of the pass. The wrist and fingers should then be forced through the ball to create more power, and
•
help the ball to the target. • Make sure the ball is released off the first and second fingers of both hands, and follow through to finish up with the arms fully extended, fingers pointing at the target and palms facing the floor. b. Common mistakes: •
Pass misses the target: This often occurs when the dominant hand pushes more than the weak hand.
•
Pass falls short: This usually occurs when players don't create maximum force by stepping into the shot and extending the legs, back, and arms.
Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/F56XdIDaTVE KEY WORDS The chest pass
El pase de pecho
To spread
Expandir
Accurate
Preciso
To locate
Colocar
Often
A menudo
To follow
Seguir
Quick
Rápido
To miss
Fallar
To place
Colocar
Weak
Débil
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
2. The Bounce Pass a. Technique: This is most often used when the player in possession has a defender trying to block their pass, and is standing between them and their target. •
The technique is the same as the chest pass. The ball should be held at waist height, with the elbows tucked in.
•
The next phase is executing the bounce pass.. It is usually advised that when performing the bounce pass players aim to bounce the ball about two/thirds of the way to the target. Then follow through to finish with the arms fully extended, fingers pointing at the target and palms facing the floor. b. Common mistakes:
•
Pass is too high and slow: This error usually occurs if the ball is held too high or the bounce is too far from the receiver. Concentrate on holding the ball at waist height, and aiming the ball closer to the target.
Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/2u-wyZCDQNY KEY WORDS The chest pass
El pase de pecho
To spread
Expandir
Accurate
Preciso
To locate
Colocar
Often
A menudo
To follow
Seguir
Quick
Rápido
To miss
Fallar
To place
Colocar
Weak
Débil
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
3. Overhead Pass a. Technique: This is most often used when players have a defender closely defending them, or as a long distance pass. The reason an overhead pass is used in these situations is because it allows players to pass the ball over the top of defenders. •
The ball should be held above the forehead, with the elbows flexed at about a right angle and tucked in.
•
The next stage is to locate the target
•
The next phase is executing the overhead pass, here players need to step in the direction of the pass, through extending the legs, back, and arms, this will create the majority of the power needed. The wrist and fingers should then be flexed to release the ball off the first and second fingers of both hands. Then follow through to finish with the arms fully extended, fingers pointing at the target and palms facing the floor.
b. Common mistakes: •
Pass lacks power: This error usually occurs if the ball is held behind the head, and players do not extend their legs, back, and arms enough.
•
Pass lacks accuracy: This often occurs if the strong hand is too dominant, or players do not point their fingers at the target on release.
•
Ball gets stolen: This usually occurs when the ball is held behind the head, an opposing player can steal the ball from the hands. Concentrate on holding the ball above the forehead.
KEY WORDS lack
Ausencia
To allow
El pase por encima de la cabeza Permitir
acucuracy
Precisión
Tucked in
Metido hacia dentro
stolen
Robado
The overhead pass
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4. Baseball Pass a. Technique: This is most often used when passing over a long distance. •
Start in a balanced position with feet shoulder width apart. Place the passing hand behind the ball and the non-passing hand in front of it. The ball should be held up to the ear and the weight should be kept on the back foot.
•
The next stage is to locate the target.
•
The next phase is executing the baseball pass, here a player needs to step in the direction of the pass, through extending the legs, back, and arms, this will create the majority of the power needed. The wrist and fingers should then be flexed to release the ball. Keep both hands on the ball until the release. Then follow through to finish up with the arms fully extended, fingers pointing at the target and palms facing down.
b. Common mistakes: •
Pass lacks accuracy: This often occurs if the passing hand is placed to the side of the ball instead of behind it, or players do not point their fingers at the target on release.
Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/9qCJCCSmjUk KEY WORDS The baseball pass
El pase de beisbol
Balanced
Equilibrado
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Weight
Peso