4th of July in
Bell County
The 2019 guide to Belton’s 4th of July events Photo by Christopher Winston A publication of
Saturday, June 29th Downtown Street Party
Bell County Courthouse Square 5 - 10 p.m.
Sunday, June 30th
God & Country Concert First Baptist Church 3 p.m.
Thursday, July 4th Patriotic Program
Bell County Courthouse 9 a.m.
Parade
Begins at 10th Ave. & Main 10 a.m.
Festival
Yettie Polk Park 11 a.m. - 4 p.m.
July 3rd - July 7th Carnival
Confederate Park 5 - 10 p.m.
Backyard Party
Schoepf ’s Bar-B-Que 6 p.m.
July 4th, 5th, 6th PRCA Rodeo Bell County Expo 7 p.m.
Saturday, July 6th Patriot Fest
206 N. Penelope Noon - 5 p.m.
Table of Contents 6 The Festivities 8 100 Years 11 A look back 14 PRCA Rodeo 18 Rodeo Lingo 26 Local fireworks shows 30 Chamber Welcome
Festive Facts 38 July 4 History 39 History of the flag
Publisher- David Tuma Managing Editor- Katelyn Robertson Graphic Designer- Josh Rivera Advertising Manager- Darci Gillespey Sales Rep- Marcus Chapman Writers- Tony Adams, Katelyn Robertson Photo by Christopher Winston
42
6
Chamber Welcome
Welcome to the Belton 4th of July Celebration! This year is extra special as we celebrate 100 years of the annual 4th of July Parade, and 95 years of the annual PRCA Rodeo. The parade and rodeo are treasured traditions of our community, with generations of families joining together to celebrate the birth of our country, patriotism, and family values. In recent years, USA Today has referred to Belton as one of the top 10 places in the country to celebrate the 4th of July. The Belton Area Chamber of Commerce coordinates the festivities in partnership with event sponsors, the City of Belton, and an army of volunteers. With this year being the 100 year celebration of the annual parade, it is expected to be bigger and better than ever, surpassing even the huge annual crowds that have made it the largest annual event in our area. It is estimated that over
50,000 people participate in the activities during the week of July 4th. This year, the Chamber has added a Downtown Street Party on the Courthouse Square on Saturday, June 29. This will be a great way to kick off the weeklong celebration with live music, food trucks, and craft beer featured. The event is free and open to the public. July 4th will be a full day of festivities with the Patriotic Program, Parade, Festival on Nolan Creek, Backyard Party at Schoepf ’s Concert and Fireworks, and PRCA Rodeo at the Bell County Expo. The PRCA Rodeo will run July 4-6 at the Bell County Expo, providing exciting action and great family entertainment. The Carnival will also be open during the week in Confederate Park. An additional activity planned for Saturday, July 6 is the Penelope Street Patriot Festival, coordi-
nated and hosted along with Bold Republic Brewing Company. This will serve as a fundraiser for the National Desert Storm War Memorial being built in Washington, D.C. “We are excited about the variety of activities for the 4th of July Celebration this year,” stated Randy Pittenger, Belton Area Chamber President/CEO. “This is a great opportunity for our community to celebrate together while bringing huge crowds of people to Belton to enjoy what we have to offer. It also serves as a great opportunity for our sponsors to get their message out to thousands of people.” For more information about these events or other activities and programs of the Belton Area Chamber of Commerce, visit the website at www. beltonchamber.com, call 254-939-3551, or email info@beltonchamber.com.
BeltonAreaChamberofCommerce Our vision is to be the premier organization engaged with businesses impacting the community where we live and work. Our mission is to serve as an advocate and resource in the following five areas: Workforce Development, Economic Development, Leadership Development, Marketing and Business Development, and Networking Development.
Executive Committee Kayla Potts Chair Woodhouse Day Spa
Matt Gunter Immediate Past Chair Gunter Financial Services Raymond James Terri Covington Chair-Elect Covington Real Estate Nelson Hutchinson Treasurer Temple Technology Services Emily Kirkpatrick Secretary Monteith Abstract & Title Dr. Susan Kincannon Belton ISD
Directors Misty Baker InHouse Systems
Sandra Russell Workforce Solutions of Central Texas
Dr. Brent Burks University of Mary HardinBaylor
Ike Shaw Titan Total Training
Chris Flor CGI Technologies and Solutions David Leigh Shine Branch Keith Leija Key Power Solutions Mat Naegele Lamar Outdoor Advertising Stephanie O’Banion United Way of Central Texas
David Tuma Belton Journal
Frank Minosky Military Relations Chair Workforce Solutions of Central Texas Tim Stephens Bell County Expo Center Staff
Matt Wood The Wood Group of Fairway Independent Mortgage
Randy Pittenger President/CEO
Ex-Officio Nancy Bourget Fort Hood PAO
Dawn Orange Membership and Operations
Cynthia Hernandez Belton EDC
Michele Moore Media and Events
Sam Listi City of Belton
Jenna Clawson Administrative Assistant
7
The Street Party
Special to the Journal The Belton Area Chamber of Commerce is kicking off the weeklong 4th of July Celebration with a Downtown Street Party on Saturday, June 29 featuring live music, food trucks, craft beer and wine, games and fun for all. This non-ticketed event is open to the public at no charge with a goal of bringing people together in our amazing Downtown Belton area. Live musical entertainment will be performing on two stages throughout the afternoon and evening, with the main stage located on Central Avenue in front of the Historic Bell County Courthouse. The gazebo located at The Gin will be used as the second stage.
Featured performers on the main stage include award winning country music star Holly Tucker, presented by Extraco Banks; Jay White and the Blues Commanders presented by Moore Air; Michael Carubelli presented by Gunter Financial Services; and Grupo Passion from Dallas. Other performers include the 1st Cavalry Rock Band from Fort Hood, Johnny Bohlin and the Fair Weather Winds, and the Lucas Wooley Band. “We are excited about bringing this new event to our community for the 4th of July Celebration,” stated Randy Pittenger, Belton Area Chamber President/CEO. As we discussed plans for making this the best year ever
for our annual celebration, the idea for a music festival received a lot of enthusiastic support. We are especially
thankful for our event sponsors who are making this available to our community and visitors at no charge.”
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The Festivities
Special to the Journal
The Belton Area Chamber of Commerce announced the theme of this year’s 4th of July Parade as “100 Years in Belton” in recognition of the parade being held annually in Belton for the past 100 years. The annual parade is a treasured family event with generations of Beltonians lining the streets to celebrate the birth of our country. In recent years, USA Today has referred to Belton as one of the top 10 places in the country to celebrate 4th of July. The Chamber Parade Committee under the leadership of Nelson Hutchinson has been planning for several months to ensure that this year’s parade is the best ever. Dozens of volunteers work alongside City of Belton Police, Public Works, and Parks and Recreation staff to take care of the logistics for this massive event, bringing over 30,000 spectators to our community to celebrate. “We are especially excited about celebrating ‘100 Years in Belton’ as our parade theme this year. The parade has been such an important part of our community for generations, and
the many wonderful family traditions that are celebrated make this something we can all look forward to,” stated Randy Pittenger, Belton Area Chamber President/ CEO. “This is a great opportunity for our community to celebrate our history together while also bringing huge crowds of people to Belton to enjoy what we have to offer. It also serves as a great opportunity for our sponsors to get their message out to thousands of people.” Parade registration applications are available online at www.rodeobelton.com and those interested in being part of this historic event are encouraged to register early.
Categories for parade entries include for profit organizations, non-profit organizations, clubs and teams, and features Belton Area Chamber of Commerce members. The annual parade serves as the centerpiece of a weeklong celebration in Belton. This year, the Chamber has added a Downtown Street Party on the Courthouse Square on Saturday, June 29 to kick off the week with live music, food trucks, and craft beer featured. Following the 4th of July Parade, thousands of people enjoy the Festival on Nolan
MMMMMMMMMM For more information on the festivities, contact the Belton Area Chamber of Commerce: 412 East Central Avenue Belton, Texas 76513 Phone: (254) 939-3551 Fax: (254) 939-1061 www.beltonchamber.com www.rodeobelton.com
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Creek, with a variety of vendors, food, and games. Later that evening the PRCA Rodeo will begin its threeday run at the Bell County Expo. Also on July 4th, the Chamber is hosting the Backyard Party at Schoepf’s Concert and Fireworks, featuring Belton native Eric Raines and his band Sprung. “This is a great opportunity for our community to celebrate together while also providing great opportunities for our vendors to reach thousands of potential customers,” stated Randy Pittenger, Belton Area
Chamber President/CEO. We are especially thankful for our event sponsors.” Festival registration applications are available online at www.rodeobelton.com. Categories for Festival entries include commercial organizations, non-profit organizations, arts and crafts, gifts and antiques, fun and games, kid’s booths, interactive attractions, and features Belton Area Chamber of Commerce members.
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The theme: 100 Years By Katelyn Robertson The Belton Journal
S
ince joining the Belton Journal family in late April, something incredible has happened in my life. I not only joined a staff, I joined a community. Everyone I have come in contact with in Belton has been gracious, helpful, and beyond welcoming. To me, this year’s 100th parade represents the steadfastness of Belton. After looking at some of the old photographs at the Journal, it is easy to see that Belton has grown and changed immensely over the last century.
However, what hasn’t changed is the spirit of the people here. Belton remains a place where parents feel good about starting a family; where students are proud to attend school; and where long-time residents can pass down fond memories to new generations of Beltonians. Even with massive expansion and growth toward the city’s boundaries, Downtown Belton remains a hub of small businesses, allowing hometown men and women to pursue their dreams while maintaining a small-town atmosphere. The kindness and generosity that has been shown to me since coming to
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Grand Marshal
Special to the Journal
tional Champion UMHB Crusader Football team. The Belton Area Chamber At its annual awards banof Commerce announced quet in January, Coach Frethat Pete Fredenburg will denburg and the UMHB serve as the Grand Marshall Football Coaches were of the 4th of July Parade this honored with the Belton year. Fredenburg is the Head Area Chamber of ComCoach for the two-time Na- merce Community Award
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Once upon a time... A look back
By Berneta Peeples
Updated by Katelyn Robertson The Belton Journal
July the Fourth in Belton has a 100-year tradition that includes one of the oldest continuous Independence Day programs
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and parades in the United States. Times have changed, but the meaning and goal of the 4th are alive and well in Belton, the county seat of Bell County. F.M. Cross, who came to what is now Bell County, wrote in 1903 that the fist recorded 4th of July celebration in Belton was held in 1852. That doesn’t mean that the brave souls living in the wilderness didn’t get together before then, as likely they did - it just didn’t occur to them to carve a news story on a nearby tree trunk.
Those who moved west were 86 years from the American Revolution, and when the land wore out, they did what they had to do. They packed up and moved on, taking with them their traditions and hopes. By 1919, times were good. World War I had been fought to end all wars, and Bell County was at the peak of cotton farming. As usual, it was the women who took the lead. The wives of several Belton businessmen decided that the July 4 program should be in
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honor of, and dedicated to, the veterans of the American Expeditionary Force, the American soldiers who won the war for Europe. So there was a parade. Was the music by the famous White Horse Band, or the Belton High School Band? Chances are, both played as hand-decorated floats, wagons, and buggies made their way through town. There were surely lots of horses, already a yearsold tradition at that time. However, the main excitement was for the air show, featuring the Army Air Corps. Visitors reportedly came by train, right in to downtown Belton. Lt. Yantis Taylor, a Belton native, managed to bring a two-wing airplane from Kelly Field in
San Antonio, and with Roy Sanderford, put on a show that dazzled the crowds. All the stores stayed open on the 4th, and rural residents enjoyed a full day of shopping. In 1923, Cochran, Blair & Potts Department Store had a half-page ad in the Belton Journal, inviting people to listen to the new shipment of Edison records. Women wore new dresses, made of dotted swiss, organdy, or voile. Boys had new shirts, and men wore linen suits or pressed slacks and ties. Everyone dressed in their Sunday best to come to town. The parade started at the corner of Main and 7th and made its way south on Main to Central, east to Penelope, west on Water, and back
north to Main. This created a bit of a bottleneck when the head of the parade met back up with the end. Members of the Belton Volunteer Fire Department directed traffic so the parade could continue west on Central, cross the jail bridge, and join the day’s festivities in Yettie Polk Park. The carnival was held in the park, and it was truly a social gathering. Rural residents visited with friends they hadn’t seen since the year prior. The twinkling lights of the Ferris wheel, the hobby horse calliope, the thrill of the occasional dime for a hobby horse ride, the house of mirrors that took a long time to get through, the noise, the smell of
15 popcorn, the hamburger stands... there was nothing like it anywhere else. All through her senior year of high school, one girl was madly in love with the best baseball pitcher in Bell County. The problem was: he didn’t know she existed. On July 4th, the National Guard was in charge of the house of mirrors. The boy saw her; he teased her. Finally, she asked, “How do we get out of here?” “That way,” he said, pointing to his right. She turned and walked right into one of the thick glass walls, ending her affections for him.
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Anybody who could afford it was allowed to set up a stand and sell hot dogs, hamburgers, sandwiches, or soda pops for a chance to make a few dollars. The late Joseph E. Wilson said his parents rented one of the tourist cabins the city owned in the park where the City of Belton Finance Department is located. Mrs. Wilson sold pimiento cheese sandwiches and cold lemonade. “She made enough money to help buy school clothes for all of us kids,” Joe remembered. For several summers there were canoe rides on Lake Bassel. Lake Bassel was created by a small dam on Nolan Creek, about midway between the Main St.
bridge and the low water crossing at Confederate Park. The resulting body of water was named for the mayor, Neal Bassel. The dam was removed in the early 1980s after repeated flooding damaged the area and caused major flow problems for the creek. The Natatorium also saw an increase in swimmers that day, as the pool was standing room only for many summers. Editor’s note: Berneta Peeples was a longtime employee and contributor of the Belton Journal. She continues to be a wealth of Belton history and fantastic story-teller.
Courtesy photo Berneta Peeples, 1960, in downtown Belton.
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PRCA Rodeo The ins, the outs, and who’s doing what
By Tony Adams
Bull Riding
back of a 2,000-pound bull, emerged from the fearBull riding, which is inten- less nature of the cowboy. tionally climbing on the Bull riding is dangerous and predictably exciting, demanding intense physical toughness, supreme mental toughness and courage, but the accolades and the Belton, Chilton TX respect that comes from bull riding are great and (254) 546-1115 • (254) 709-0163 the stories are life-long. It’s one of rodeo’s most popWilliam Pomykal Service & Repairs ular events worldwide. Gwen Pomykal Preventative Maintenance The bull rider may use only one hand to stay aboard www.airbypomykal.com TACLA22074C The Belton Journal
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during the eight-second ride. If he touches the bull or himself with his free hand, he receives no score. To stay aboard the bull, a rider grasps a flat braided rope, which is wrapped around the bull’s chest just behind the front legs and over its withers. Every bull is unique in its bucking habits. A bull may dart to the left, then juke back to the right and then rear back. Some bulls spin or continuously circle
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in one spot in the arena. Others add jumps or kicks to their spins, while others might jump and kick in a straight line or move side to side while bucking. In 2018, Cody Rostockyj topped the leaderboard with an 82-point ride on Lancaster & Jones Pro Rodeo’s Uncle Buck. Tony Garcie placed second with 78 points. Bareback Riding Most cowboys agree that bareback riding is the most physically demanding event in rodeo, taking an immense toll on the cowboy’s body. The strength of bareback broncs is exceptional and challenging them is often costly. Bareback riders endure more
abuse, suffer more injuries and carry away more long-term damage than all other rodeo cowboys. To stay aboard the horse, a bareback rider uses rigging made of leather and constructed to meet PRCA safety specifications. The rigging is placed atop the horse’s withers and secured with a cinch. As the bronc and rider burst from the chute, the rider must have both spurs touching the horse’s shoulders until the horse’s feet hit the ground after the initial move from the chute, or what is called marking out. If the cowboy fails to do this, he is disqualified. As the bronc bucks, the rider pulls his knees up, rolling his spurs up the horse’s shoulders. As the horse de-
scends, the cowboy straightens his legs, returning his spurs over the point of the horse’s shoulders in anticipation of the next jump. Making a qualified ride and earning a money-winning score requires more than just strength. A bareback rider is judged on his spurring technique, the degree to which his toes remain turned out while
he is spurring and his willingness to take whatever might come during his ride. It’s the cowboy way. The top four riders in 2018 were Jared Keylon on Lancaster & Jones Pro Rodeo’s Highway Man (84 points), Tyler Berghuis (77), Tyler Johnson (75) and Travis Chapman (72.5). Saddle bronc riding Saddle bronc riding is ro-
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deo’s classic event, both a complement and contrast to the wilder spectacles of bareback riding and bull riding. To properly mark out his horse, the saddle bronc rider must have both heels touching the animal above the point of its shoulders when it makes its first jump from the chute. If the rider misses his mark, he receives no score. While a bareback rider has a rigging to hold onto, the saddle bronc rider has only a thick rein attached to his horse’s halter. Using one hand, the cowboy tries to stay securely seated in his saddle. If he touches any part of the horse or his own body with his free hand, he is disqualified. Judges score the horse’s
bucking action, the cowboy’s control of the horse and the cowboy’s spurring action. While striving to keep his toes turned outward, the rider spurs from the points of the horse’s shoulders to the back of the saddle. Andrew Counts topped the leaderboard in 2018 with a 79-point ride on Lancaster & Jones Pro Rodeo’s Starboy. Mason Laviolette placed second (77.5), followed by Dylan Henson (75.5) and Clint Lindenfeld (73).
One woman, three barrels, a horse and a stopwatch. When the racer enters the arena, an electronic eye starts the clock. The clock is stopped the instant the horse completes the pattern. The horse is ridden as quickly as possible around a cloverleaf -shaped course of three barrels. At the end of the performance, once all of the racers have finished their runs, the clock is the one and only judge. Ride quickly and win. Hesitate and lose. Barrel Racing Michelle Alley won the 2018 competition with a time of Barrel racing has no judges, 16.15 seconds. Ashley Casno subjective points of view. tleberry was a close second Time is the determining fac- (16.18) and Candie Miner tor. Barrel racing is graceful, finished third (16.27). The with four points of focus: competition was so tight
that the margin from first place to 10th place was a mere 45th of a second. Steer Wrestling With the world record sitting at 2.4 seconds, steer wrestling is the quickest event in rodeo. The objective of the steer wrestler, known in rodeo circles as a “bulldogger,” is to use strength and technique to wrestle a steer to the ground as quickly as possible. That sounds simple enough, but here is the hard part: The steer generally weighs more than twice as much as the cowboy and, at the time the two come together, they’re both often traveling
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at 30 miles-per-hour. The bulldogger starts on horseback in a box. A breakaway rope barrier is attached to the steer and stretched across the open end of the box. The steer gets a head start that is determined by the size of the arena. When the steer reaches the advantage point, the barrier is released and the bulldogger takes off in pursuit.
If the bulldogger breaks the barrier before the steer reaches his head start, a 10-second penalty is assessed. When the cowboy reaches the steer, he slides down and off the right side of his galloping horse, hooks his right arm around the steer’s right horn, grasps the left horn with his left hand and, using strength and lever-
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age, slows the animal and wrestles it to the ground. But that’s not all: His work isn’t complete until the steer is on its side with all four feet pointing the same direction. In the 2018 competition, Logan Gledhill (4.2 seconds) nudged out Don Payne (4.6) for the top money. Sam Powers (4.9), Rowdy Thames (5.0), Blake Doyle (5.2) and Jarret Net (7.2) rounded out the top six.
The mounted cowboy starts from a box, a three-sided fenced area adjacent to the chute holding the calf. The fourth side of the box opens into the arena. The calf receives a head start that is determined by
the length of the arena. One end of a breakaway rope barrier is looped around the calf ’s neck and stretched across the open end of the box. When the calf reaches its advantage point, the barrier is released. If the roper breaks the barrier before the calf reaches its head start, the cowboy is assessed a 10-second penalty. The horse is trained to come to a stop as soon as the cowboy throws his loop and catches the calf. The cowboy then dismounts, sprints to the calf and throws it by hand, which is defined as flanking. If the calf is not standing when the cowboy reaches it, he must allow the calf to get back on its feet before flanking it. That can eat up valuable time. After the
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calf is flanked, the roper ties any three legs together with a pigging string. While the cowboy is accomplishing all of that, his horse must pull back hard enough to eliminate any slack in the rope, but not so hard as to drag the calf. When the roper finishes tying the calf, he throws his hands in the air as a signal that the run is completed. The roper then remounts his horse, rides forward to create slack in the rope and waits six seconds to see if the calf remains tied. If the calf kicks free, the roper receives no time. Chris McCuistion (9.4 seconds) took home the top money in the 2018 event. Artrell Carmouche (10.4) was second, followed by Chris Demases (10.9),
Troy Reese, Jr. (12.0), steer gets a head start deChris Singleton (12.7), termined by the length of and Cody Owens (13.8). the arena. One end of a breakaway barrier is atTeam Roping tached to the steer and stretched across the open Team roping, the only end of the header’s box. true team event in Pro- When the steer reaches Rodeo, requires close co- his advantage point, the operation and timing be- barrier is released, and the tween two highly skilled header takes off in pursuit, ropers -- a header and a with the heeler trailing heeler -- and their horses. slightly further behind. The keys to success are The ropers are assessed a hard work, great team- 10-second penalty if the work and endless practice. header breaks the barrier Team roping partners before the steer completes must perfect their timing, his head start. The header both as a team and with ropes first and must make their respective horses. one of three legal catchSimilar to tie-down rop- es on the steer -- around ers and steer wrestlers, both horns, around one team ropers start from horn and the head or the boxes on each side of around the neck. Any the chute from which the other catch by the header steer enters the arena. The is considered illegal and
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the team is disqualified. After the header makes his catch, he turns the steer to the left and exposes the steer’s hind legs to the heeler. The heeler then attempts to rope both hind legs. If he catches only one foot, the team is assessed a five-second penalty. After the cowboys catch the steer, the clock is stopped when there is no slack in their ropes and their horses face one another. Brandon Gonzales and Weston Podzemny (5.9 seconds) took home the big paycheck in the event in 2018. Ryne Hutton and Ezzio Jacquez (8.8) finished second, followed by Chuck Doebbler and Randal Eggemeyer (9.2), and Loydd Williams and Bubba Crow (13.0).
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Remembering last year
2018 Festivities
26
Speaking rodeo
Special to the Journal With the rodeo coming to town, we’ve put together a guide to help you sound just like a cowboy this 4th of July. Average Usually used to describe the aggregate score for a contestant who competed in more than one round, e.g., “He had times of 9.3 and 9.8 seconds in the two rounds and placed third in the average with 19.1 seconds on two head” Bronc Rein A saddle bronc rider holds onto a bronc rein at a specific position that he determines based on the size and bucking habits of the horse he’s about to ride; bronc riders often give each other
advice about the length of rein a specific horse will perform best with, e.g., “Give him 3½ fingers” Bulldogger A steer wrestler Bullfighter An athlete who protects the bull rider after he dismounts or is bucked off by distracting the bull and directing its attention to the exit gate, sometimes stepping between the bull and the bull rider Box In a timed event, the area a horse and rider back into before they make a roping or steer wrestling run Breaking the barrier: in the timed events, if the rider leaves the box too soon – failing to give the animal enough of a head start – he is assessed a
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A tie-down roper 10-second penalty. Judges Chute As in other sports, trained A pen that holds an animal safely in position Covering: PRCA judges ensure that all in the roughstock events, participants follow PRCA staying on for at least the rules; they determine times minimum time, eight sec- for runs in the timed events onds: “He covered all three and scores for rides in the broncs he rode last week- roughstock events; record penalties for any infractions end.” of the rules; and inspect the Barrelman An entertainer who uses a arena, chutes and livestock barrel to distract a bull after before each competition. Hooey a ride, and sometimes to The knot that a cowboy protect the cowboy. uses to finish tying the Barrier In timed events, a line calf’s legs together in tieat the front of the box that down roping. Flank strap the contestant and his horse A soft sheepskin- or cannot cross until the steer or calf has a head start, usu- Neoprene-lined strap placed ally marked with a rope and in the area where a human’s a flag so the timers can see belt would go, it encourages the animal to kick out it drop and start the clock behind itself rather than rear Calf roper Serving Central Texas Serv For Over 25 Years Fo
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up, which provides a safer, showier ride. Header/Heeler The two partners in team roping – the header throws the first rope, over the animal’s head or horns, and the heeler throws the second rope to catch both the steer’s hind legs; roping one leg results in a five-second penalty. Crossfire penalty In team roping, if the header doesn’t change the direction of the steer before the heeler catches, the run is disqualified Left (or right) delivery Many bucking animals prefer to stand in the chute facing a particular direction, so they can leave the chute in the direction they prefer. Flags Because rodeo’s timed events are measured in tenths of seconds, judges in the arena drop flags to signal the timers to stop the
clocks.
Mark out In the bareback and saddle bronc riding, a cowboy’s feet must be above the point of the horse’s shoulders when the horse’s front feet hit the ground – if so, he “marked the horse out,” but if not, he “missed him out” and the ride is disqualified. Slack Excess entries at some rodeos may be scheduled for preliminary (slack) competition, usually before the rodeo opens to the public. Flankman A cowboy or cowgirl who works in the bucking chutes, adjusting the flank strap around the animal before the ride; the best flankmen and women are familiar with each individual animal and know exactly how much flank to give each animal to encourage optimal bucking. Score In the roughstock events,
the points awarded for the difficulty of the ride (bucking) and the cowboy’s skill in riding; in the timed events, the length of the head start given to the calf or steer, which the judges calculate based on PRCA rules (each cowboy must correctly calculate how much of the required head start to allow the calf or steer to get before signaling his horse to leave the box; if he miscalculates, he will be out late and get a longer time, or will be out early and be penalized for breaking the barrier); however, when used to describe a horse (“That mare really scores well”),it refers to the horse’s obedience in staying in the box until the cowboy signals it to start the pursuit. Try A noun used for both cowboys and livestock, denoting grit, determination, fitness, stamina and resilience:
“Give that cowboy a hand – he had a lot of try”. Spurs The spurs used in PRCA rodeos have dulled rowels that do not penetrate the animals’ skin, which is several times thicker than human skin; see the PRCA and Livestock Welfare chapter for more information. Standings A professional cowboy’s success is measured in earnings and cowboys may keep track of where they rank in yearly earnings in several sets of standings. Triple Crown winner A cowboy who wins three world championships in the same year; the most recent cowboy to do so was superstar Trevor Brazile in 2008 and 2010. Roughstock The bucking horses and bulls used in bareback riding, saddle bronc riding and bull riding, usually bred and
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raised for the job. Reride If a cowboy’s score is affected by equipment failure or a horse or bull that doesn’t buck to performance specifications, the judges may offer the cowboy a clean-slate chance on a different horse or bull. Permit holder A PRCA contestant who has not yet won his first $1,000 at PRCA rodeos, which enables him to apply to become a card-holding member of the organization Ropes The correct term is rope, not lasso, lariat or riata; most ropes used in ProRodeo timed events are made of strong yet flexible braided materials such as nylon/poly blends, and a cowboy may change his rope selection depending on the weather and the cattle; bull ropes and bronc reins are often made of sisal or poly blends.
Draw Each roughstock competitor who enters a PRCA rodeo is assigned a specific bucking horse or bull in a random draw conducted at PRCA headquarters three days before the rodeo; each timed-event contestant is assigned a calf or steer in a random draw on site, shortly before each performance of a rodeo begins. Pigtail A piece of string attached to the barrier that breaks if a timed-event contestant’s horse exits the box too soon, not giving the calf or steer enough of a head start according to PRCA rules. Hazer In steer wrestling, the cowboy who rides on the right side of the steer from the contestant to make sure the steer runs straight. Nodding In the roughstock events, a cowboy nods when he is ready for the gateman to
open the gate and the ride to begin; in the timed events, a cowboy nods when he is ready for the calf or steer to be released from the chute and get its head start. Turn out A cowboy may turn out of a rodeo if, for example, he has a scheduling conflict; this is different from “doctor-releasing” due to injury. Go-round Many rodeos have more than one round of competition; each is called a go-round, and all cowboys entered in that rodeo compete in each go-round unless there is a semi-final, final or progressive round. Pickup men Two mounted cowboys who help riders dismount, release a bucking horse’s soft flank strap, and escort bucking horses and bulls to the exit gate after a ride Riggin’ A suitcase-style handhold customized to a rider’s grip
and attached to a molded piece of leather that is cinched, with a pad, around the horse’s girth. Hung up When a bull rider or bareback rider cannot remove his hand from the rope or handle before he dismounts or is thrown off the bull’s or horse’s back, his hand is “hung up” – a dangerous situation – and the pickup men or bullfighters will move in to help dislodge his hand so he can get clear of the animal. Piggin’ string In tie-down roping, the small rope used to tie a calf’s legs together. Penalty In timed events, common penalties include 10 seconds for breaking the barrier and, in team roping, five seconds for a one-hind-leg catch. Courtesy of www.hotfair. com
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Lancaster Pro Rodeo Staff Report
T
he Lancaster and Pickett Pro Rodeo Company out of Fairfield, Texas, is not just another rodeo company. This is a production company. “These guys are for real,” Doug Mathis, PRCA rodeo announcer, said. “They don’t just bring great stock to the rodeo, they bring the whole game and the know-how to play.” From exciting pre-rodeo entertainment with Nashville recording artist Trish Lynn, to the crowd favorite All American Cowgirl Chicks with their jam packed, fast paced, trick riding and team drills. “Not only are the Cowgirl Chicks bringing fans back
night after night they are opening the eyes of the rodeo world,” said Chad Lancaster, co-owner of the Lancaster and Pickett Pro Rodeo Company is dedicated to making pro rodeo what it’s supposed to be - professional! Chad Lancaster has been involved in the production end of producing rodeos since he was old enough to help his dad, who owns the Lancaster Rodeo Company, and has produced some of the top rodeos in Texas for more than 25 years. Co-owner Cullen Pickett has a similar background in which his dad worked as a pickup man for more than 30 years before retiring to run their cattle operation. The new PRCA duet
already offers some of the best stock up a little for the contestants to compete on with plans already in the works to purchase several, feature animals before next year. Lancaster and Picket will always make sure that their stock is a premier quality to assure every contestant on both ends of the arena that
29
they will have a fair shake. That’s what brings the cowboys back and that’s what they offer. Lancaster and Pickett Pro Rodeo Company brings a lot of energy, color, exciting livestock, professional staff from top to bottom and pure dedication to making your rodeo the best it’s ever been.
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Local Fireworks Shows
Special to the Journal Fireworks are a favorite symbolic reminder and tradition for celebrating our nation’s independence. Even though Belton does not have a firework display, one does not have to travel far to see the sky light up for the Fourth of July. Temple Temple’s “H-E-B All American Family Fun Fest” on July 4 at Miller Park, 1919 North 1st Street. Enjoy plenty of family activities, food, live entertainment and, of course, an extravagant firework display. Bring chairs or blankets to relax and watch the fireworks dance across the sky. The H-E-B All American Family Fun Fest is free and open to the public. Fort Hood Where else could be more perfect than to celebrate Independence Day
than at Fort Hood, the largest military installation in the free world. Come early to enjoy live music, food and vendors at the Fort Hood Stadium. The highlight of the evening will be 30 minutes of thunderous sounds and spectacular lights of a pyrotechnic display that is choreographed to patriotic musical favorites. Lake Belton On Lake Belton, one can catch a stunning fireworks show that is best seen from a boat’s view anchored by Rogers Park. The fireworks show is provided by a private individual, whose yearly festivities have become known as the “Best Fireworks Show on the Lake.” The fireworks display will start at dusk and are great to watch in the air and as they reflect in the waters of Belton Lake.
REMEMBER It is illegal to shoot off fireworks within the Belton City Limits. If you choose to partake in firework fun outside city limits, however, here are a few safety tips to keep in mind: • Alcohol and fireworks do not mix. Save your alcohol for after the show. • Use fireworks outdoors in a clear area; away from buildings and vehicles. • Never relight a “dud” firework. Wait 20 minutes and then soak it in a bucket of water. • Always have a bucket of water and charged water hose nearby. • Dispose of spent fireworks by wetting them down and place in a metal trash can away from any building or combustible materials until the next day. • Read the cautionary labels and performance descriptions before igniting. • Never give fireworks to children.
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4th of July barbecue essentials 31 Special to the Journal The 4th of July is fast approaching and revelers across the nation are preparing to toast their independence with family and friends. For many Americans, backyard barbecues are synonymous with the Fourth of July, a day that, in the United States of America, commemorates the adoption of the Declaration of Independence by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. Precious few Americans can say they have not been present at a 4th of July barbecue or witnessed a fireworks display honoring America’s official declaration of independence from Great Britain. Hosting a July 4th barbecue for the first time may have some hosts anxious about throwing a summer soirée to remember, but fun is sure to be had if hosts remember to include
the following backyard barbecue essentials this Independence Day. Food No Fourth of July barbecue is complete without food, so hosts should be sure to stock up on popular barbecue fare like hot dogs and hamburgers. Though such foods likely won’t be mistaken for gourmet fare anytime soon, Fourth of July revelers often embrace the tradition of grilling up some hot dogs and hamburgers even if they tend to avoid such foods throughout the rest of the year. Hosts should not feel pressured to provide gourmet fare on July 4th, but it is a thoughtful gesture to ask guests in advance if they have any food allergies or need to avoid certain foods for other reasons. Beverages It goes without saying that guests will need refreshing beverages at parties held
in early July, but be sure to stock up on a variety of beverages so guests are not forced to consume drinks they don’t want. Be sure to have plenty of water available to guests, and provide sodas, iced tea and lemonade as well. Offer alcoholic beverages to adult guests, but don’t go overboard stocking up on alcohol, as that might encourage guests to overindulge. Games Backyard barbecues are most fun when guests are entertained, so plan to have some games available for guests of all ages. Encourage guests to bring a change of clothes or swimsuits if games will involve water or something that might soil their clothing. If you have a pool, purchase some pool games so swimmers can do more than just wade in the water or take a few laps. Plan a Wiffle® ball game for kids and dig some horseshoe
pits or buy a ring toss set so adults can engage in some friendly competition as well. Safety Though no one wants to think of a 4th of July celebration taking a turn for the worst, hosts must prepare for emergencies. Restock the first-aid kit if necessary and keep a constant eye on guests, especially children, to ensure everyone is having a safe and happy time. Program a list of local taxi companies into your phone so you can easily call for transportation should any guests have too much to drink during the festivities. Hosts should abstain from alcohol so they can serve as designated driver should the need arise at the end of the night. Backyard barbecues are a staple of July 4th, and there’s no reason your summer soirée can’t be one to remember for years to come.
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U.S. Flag Etiquette
U.S. Flag Code
Displaying the Flag Outdoors When the flag is displayed from a staff projecting from a window, balcony, or a building, the union should be at the peak of the staff unless the flag is at half staff. When it is displayed from the same flagpole with another flag - of a state, community, society or Scout unit - the flag of the United States must always be at the top except that the church pennant may be flown above the flag during church services for Navy personnel when conducted by a Naval chaplain on a ship at sea. When the flag is displayed over a street, it should be hung vertically, with the union to the north or east. If the flag is suspended over a sidewalk, the flag’s union should be farthest from the building. When flown with flags of states, communities, or societies on separate flag poles which are of the same height and in a straight line, the flag of the United
States is always placed in the position of honor - to its own right. The other flags may be smaller but none may be larger. No other flag ever should be placed above it. The flag of the United States is always the first flag raised and the last to be lowered. When flown with the national banner of other countries, each flag must be displayed from a separate pole of the same height. Each flag should be the same size. They should be raised and lowered simultaneously. The flag of one nation may not be displayed above that of another nation.
Raising and Lowering the Flag The flag should be raised briskly and lowered slowly and ceremoniously. Ordinarily it should be displayed only between sunrise and sunset. It should be illuminated if displayed at night. The flag of the United States of America is saluted as it is hoisted and
lowered. The salute is held until the flag is unsnapped from the halyard or through the last note of music, whichever is the longest. Displaying the Flag Indoors When on display, the flag is accorded the place of honor, always positioned to its own right. Place it to the right of the speaker or staging area or sanctuary. Other flags should be to the left. The flag of the United States of America should be at the center and at the highest point of the group when a number of flags of states, localities, or societies are grouped for display. When one flag is used with the flag of the United States of America and the staffs are crossed, the flag of the United States is placed on its own right with its staff in front of the other flag. When displaying the flag against a wall, vertically or horizontally, the flag’s union (stars) should be at the top, to the flag’s own right, and to the observer’s left.
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Parading and Saluting the Flag When carried in a procession, the flag should be to the right of the marchers. When other flags are carried, the flag of the United States may be centered in front of the others or carried to their right. When the flag passes in a procession, or when it is hoisted or lowered, all should face the flag and salute. The Flag in Mourning To place the flag at half staff, hoist it to the peak for an instant and lower it to a position half way between the top and bottom of the staff. The flag is to be raised again to the peak for a moment before it is lowered. On Memorial Day, the flag is displayed at half staff until noon and at full staff from noon to sunset. The flag is to be flown at half staff in mourning for
designated, principal government leaders and upon presidential or gubernatorial order. When used to cover a casket, the flag should be placed with the union at the head and over the left shoulder. It should not be lowered into the grave. Retiring the Flag When a flag is so worn it is no longer fit to serve as a symbol of our country, it should be destroyed by burning in a dignified manner. Most American Legion Posts regularly conduct a dignified flag burning ceremony, often on Flag Day, June 14. Many Cub Scout Packs, Boy Scout Troops, and Girl Scout Troops retire flags regularly as well. Contact your local American Legion Hall or Scout Troop to inquire about the availability of this service.
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34 The colorful history of fireworks Special to the Journal
I
ndependence Day celebra-
tions are marked by many spectacles. But few can garner the “oohs and aahs� of a good fireworks display. Summer is a time of year when the resonating booms and bright spills of color that dot the night sky are quite common. Fireworks, which can be traced back thousands of years, have an interesting history. Many historians believe fireworks originated in ancient China as early as 200 B.C. It is thought that early fireworks were not the gunpowder-filled explosives of today, but something made from bamboo, a material native to China. Chunks of bamboo, a thick, fast-growing grass, may have been tossed onto a fire as fuel. The rods would blacken, but eventually explode in the fire, causing a loud, frightening noise. This noise was a result of trapped air and sap inside of the bamboo rods heating and expanding until the bamboo exploded under the pressure. The exploding bamboo
was used to ward off animals, other people and evil spirits. Chinese alchemists eventually stumbled on a recipe for basic gunpowder, mixing together saltpeter (potassium nitrate, then a common kitchen seasoning), charcoal, sulfur, and other ingredients. This powder was packed inside of hollow bamboo rods to produce an even bigger bang. Soon paper tubes replaced the bamboo, and fireworks were used for more than just scaring away spirits, as they were routinely included in special celebrations and even deployed during military engagements. Not forgetting its origins, China continues to produce and export more fireworks than any other country in the world. Safety experts recommend the public leave fireworks to the professionals and sit back and relax during awe-inspiring pyrotechnic displays. As the United States and Canada prepare for their respective Independence Day celebrations, flashy fireworks displays are bound to be part of the festivities.
36 Festive facts for July 4th Special to the Journal
E
ach year on July 4, Americans celebrate the birth of their nation and independence from Great Britain. This day marks the anniversary of the presentation and acceptance of the Declaration of Independence, signed 242 years ago on July 4, 1776. The Declaration of Independence began as a letter to Britain’s King George to explain why the Continental Congress was interested in declaring independence from Great Britain. The writing of the declaration began on July 2 and the final wording was established on July 4. Independence Day is full of opportunities to celebrate and enjoy oneself. Parades,
fireworks, parties, barbecues, and much more are part of the festivities. Another way to commemorate Independence Day is to educate oneself about the many historical and entertaining facts that surround the day. The following are some interesting details about the origins of Independence Day and the celebrations that surround it. • The average age of the signers of the Declaration of Independence was 45. The youngest person to sign was Thomas Lynch, Jr., who was 27 when he signed the document. Benjamin Franklin, at age 70, was the oldest signee. • John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were the only signees who went on to serve as presidents. Coincidentally,
Jefferson and Adams both died on July 4, 1826, within hours of each other. • Philadelphia is the birth place of much American history and is home to the Liberty Bell. Each Independence Day, the Liberty Bell is tapped (not rung, as the vibration would further damage the cracked bell) 13 times in honor of the original 13 American colonies. •The original 13 American colonies were located all along the eastern seaboard. They include Virgina, New York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Georgia. • The stars on the original American flag were placed
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in a circle. This was so all of the colonies would be equally represented. •Independence was gained in 1776, and the first celebration took place in Philadelphia four days later. The White House held its first Independence Day festivities in 1801. • Benjamin Franklin proposed that the turkey be the national bird of the United States. However, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson overruled him, and the bald eagle became the national bird. • The only copy of the engrossed and signed Declaration of Independence is in the National Archives in Washington, D.C. Independence Day is a time for hot dogs, ice cream and, of course, revisiting America’s history.
The Star Spangled Banner Special to the Journal
July 4, 2014 marks the 238th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Fireworks will illuminate the night sky, the rich smell of barbecue will be in the air, and the country will be awash in red, white and blue splendor. Chances are the swelling melody of “The Star Spangled Banner” will be broadcast over the radio and on various firework display telecasts. The national anthem is synonymous with the United States America, and its notes very well may be the patriotic glue that binds the country together. Although the lyrics and music of the song are widely known, many may be unfamiliar with the rich history behind the beloved tune.
A poem is born America began its fight for independence from Great Britain in 1775, and the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776 to identify the 13 colonies that succeeded in winning their independence from Britain. However, the battles with Britain stretched on. Fights over territories kept disputes between the British Empire and the newly formed United States raging on, and it was during one such fight, and not during the Revolutionary War as some may think, that “The Star Spangled Banner” was written. The War of 1812 was declared by the United States to set right some of the issues that were not resolved after the Revolutionary War. Francis Scott Key was an American lawyer at the
time of this war, negotiating for the release of an American hostage being held by the British. Although Key won the hostage’s release, he was not able to leave the British fleet where the negotiations took place until the British completed their attack on Baltimore. Key witnessed the British fiery bombs
37
on Ft. McHenry at Chesapeake Bay. Just before dawn on the morning of September 14, 1814, Key was said to have noticed a huge American flag still waving above Ft. McHenry in defiance to the British attack. This imagery helped inspire the words of a poem that eventually would become the national
anthem. Key penned the poem on the back of a letter he held in his pocket. After the battle was over and Key was released, he completed the poem at the Indian Queen Hotel, where he was staying. The poem was titled, “Defense of Fort M’Henry.” The poem was put to music to fit the popular melody “The Anacreonic Song” by English composer John Stafford Smith. Key’s brother-in-law, Judge Joseph H. Nicholson, anonymously made the first printing of the lyrics to the melody, and the song was printed in two newspapers. The song quickly became popular, and soon after, Thomas Carr of the Carr Music Store in Baltimore, Maryland published the words and music under a new title, “The Star-Spangled Banner.” According to Smithsonian, the song gained special significance during the Civil War, a time when many Americans turned to music to express their
feelings for the flag and the ideals and values it represented. The military used the song for ceremonial purposes, requiring it be played at the raising and lowering of the colors. By the 20th century, President Woodrow Wilson wanted to establish a standard version, so he tasked the United States Bureau of Education to provide an official version. In response, the Bureau of Education enlisted the help of five musicians, including Walter Damrosch, Will Earhart, Arnold J. Gantvoort, Oscar Sonneck and John Philip Sousa, to agree on an arrangement. This new standardized version was first played on December 5, 1917, at Carnegie Hall. It wasn’t until March 3, 1931, that “The Star-Spangled Banner” became the official national anthem of the United States when President Herbert Hoover signed this designation into law.
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The history of July 4th 39 Courtesy of History.com
Variously known as the Fourth of July and Independence Day, July 4th has been a federal holiday in the United States since 1941, but the tradition of Independence Day celebrations goes back to the 18th century and the American Revolution (1775-83). In June 1776, representatives of the 13 colonies then fighting in the revolutionary struggle weighed a resolution that would declare their independence from Great Britain. On July 2nd, the Continental Congress voted in favor of independence, and two days, later its delegates adopted the Declaration of Independence, a historic document drafted by Thomas Jefferson. From 1776 until the present day, July 4th has been celebrated as the birth
of American independence, with typical festivities ranging from fireworks, parades and concerts to more casual family gatherings and barbecues. THE BIRTH OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE When the initial battles in the Revolutionary War broke out in April 1775, few colonists desired complete independence from Great Britain, and those who did were considered radical. By the middle of the following year, however, many more colonists had come to favor independence, thanks to growing hostility against Britain and the spread of revolutionary sentiments such as those expressed in Thomas Paine’s bestselling pamphlet “Common Sense,” published in early 1776. On June 7, when the Continental Congress met at the Pennsylvania State House
(later Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, the Virginia delegate Richard Henry Lee introduced a motion calling for the colonies’ independence. Amid heated debate, Congress postponed the vote on Lee’s resolution, but appointed a five-man committee–including Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, John Adams of Massachusetts, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and Robert R. Livingston of New York–to draft a formal statement justifying the break with Great Britain. On July 2nd, the Continental Congress voted in favor of Lee’s resolution for independence in a near-unanimous vote (the New York delegation abstained, but later voted affirmatively). On that day, John Adams wrote to his wife Abigail that July 2 “will be celebrated, by succeed-
ing Generations, as the great anniversary Festival” and that the celebration should include “Pomp and Parade…Games, Sports, Guns, Bells, Bonfires and Illuminations from one End of this Continent to the other.” On July 4th, the Congress formally adopted the Declaration of Independence, which had been written largely by Jefferson. Though the vote for actual independence took place on July 2, from then on the Fourth became the day that was celebrated as the birth of American independence. EARLY FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATIONS In the pre-Revolutionary years, colonists had held annual celebrations of the king’s birthday, which traditionally included the ringing of bells, bonfires, processions and speechmaking. By contrast, during the summer of 1776,
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Declaration of Independence
Special to the Journal On May 15, 1776, the Virginia Convention passed a resolution that “the delegates appointed to represent this colony in General Congress be instructed to propose to that respectable body to declare the United Colonies free and independent states.” On June 7, 1776 Richard Henry Lee of Virginia presented to Congress a motion, “Resolved, that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from
all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved.” On June 11, 1776, Congress created a Committee of Five to draft a statement presenting to the world the colonies’ case for independence. The members of the Committee of Five included Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, John Adams of Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Robert R. Livingston
of New York, and Roger Sherman of Connecticut.
On July 2, 1776 the Second Continental ConThe Committee of Five as- gress approved Richard signed the task of drafting Henry Lee proposed resthe Declaration of Indepen- olution of June 7, theredence to Thomas Jefferson. by declaring independence from Great Britain. Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Inde- On July 4, 1776, after two pendence between June days of debate and editing, 11 and June 28, 1776. the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of On Friday, June 28, 1776, Independence submitted the Committee of Five by the Committee of Five. presented to Congress the document entitled “A The Declaration of InDeclaration by the Rep- dependence is made up resentatives of the United of three major parts: States Of America in Gen- the preamble; the body, eral Congress assembled.” and the conclusion.
HAPPY INDEPENDENCE DAY! Tanner Roofing, Inc. thanks you for supporting our family for over 60 years! We are proud to be American and strive to support our troops, our community and praise God in everything that we do! Thank you to everyone who has served under our Stars & Stripes and God Bless America! (254) 939-0343 www.tannerroofing.com 1100 E. 6th Ave. Belton, TX 76513
The preamble of the Declaration of Independence establishes a philosophical justification for a split with Britain — all men have rights, government is established to secure those rights, if and when such government becomes a hindrance to those rights, it should be abolished – or ties to it broken. The main body of the Declaration lists numerous grievances and examples of crimes of the King against the people of the colonies, making him “unfit to be the ruler of a free people.” The first printed copies of the Declaration of Independence were
turned out from the shop ican institutions, 2 by laration, the names of of John Dunlap, official British institutions, and the others signers were printer to the Congress. 5 by private owners. kept secret until 1777 for fear of British reprisals. The exact number of On July 9, the Declaration broadsides printed at was officially approved On January 18, 1777, John Dunlap’s shop on by the New York Conven- Congress ordered the the evening of July 4 and tion, completing the ap- second official printthe morning of July 5 is proval of all 13 colonies ing of the document, undetermined but estiincluding the names mated to be between one Delegates began signing of all of the signers. and two hundred copies. the Declaration of Independence on August The original parchment On the morning of July 5, 2, 1776 after it was en- version of the Declaration members of Congress sent grossed on parchment. of Independence is held copies to various assemby the National Archives blies, conventions, and John Hancock, the Presi- and Records Administracommittees of safety as dent of the Congress, was tion, in Washington, D.C. well as to the command- the first to sign the Decers of Continental troops. laration of Independence. From “Declaration of InThere are 24 copies Other than John Hancock dependence Quick Facts” known to exist of what and Charles Thompson, Courtesy of Ameriis commonly referred to whose names appeared can History Central as “the Dunlap broad- on the original printside,” 17 owned by Amer- ed versions of the Dec-
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History of the flag
Special to the Journal Throughout American history, our flag has been a symbol of all our nation has gone through to obtain and maintain our freedoms. On Feb. 26, 1945, five Marines and one Navy corpsman raised the United States flag on Mount Suribichi, Iwo Jima, in what became the most iconic picture of World War II. On Sept. 14, 2001, President George W. Bush addressed the nation in front of a U.S. flag hung by three firefighters amidst the rubble of Ground Zero, proclaiming our nation’s re-
solve and courage. The flag stood as a symbol of inspiration and hope at a time that appeared hopeless. At the Henry Waskow VFW Post 4008 in Belton, veterans work diligently with Cub, Boy, and Eagle scouts to teach flag regulations and proper ettiquette, as is done in posts across the nation. Although Betsy Ross is credited with making the first flag, many historians question the validity of this claim. Actually, no one knows who designed or made the first flag. During the Revolutionary War, the colonists fought under many flags until the Con-
tinental Congress officially adopted the stars and stripes in 1777, one year after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. The Flag Act read, “Resolved, That the flag of the United States be made of thirteen stripes, alternate read and white; that the Union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new Constellation.” The stars represented Delaware (Dec. 7, 1787), Pennsylvania (Dec. 12, 1787), New Jersey (Dec. 18, 1787), Georgia (Jan. 2, 1788), Conneticut (9, 1788), Massachusetts (Feb. 6, 1788), Maryland (April 28, 1788), South
Carolina (May 23, 1788), New Hampshire (June 21, 1788), Virginia (June 25, 1788), New York (July 26, 1788), North Carolina (Nov. 21, 1789), and Rhode Island (May 29, 1790). In 1795, two new stars were added to the flag for Vermont (March 4, 1971) and Kentucky (June 1, 1792). By the end of 1818, five more states had been admitted to the Union, but Congress felt that a flag with 20 stars and stripes would be too cluttered, so the stripes remained at 13, but stars were added for each state. Today’s flag was adopted in April 1960 when Ha-
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waii became the 50th state. On June 22, 1942, President Roosevelt approved the Federal Flag Code, providing for uniform guidelines for the display and respect shown to the flag. The Flag Code does not prescribe
any penalties for non-compliance, nor does it include any enforcement provisions; rather, it functions simply as a guide for voluntary civilian compliance. The Flag Code delineates the proper care and han-
dling of the flag under all circumstances. When a flag is in a condition that is no longer fitting to be displayed, it is to be destroyed in a dignified way, preferably by burning. At a military funeral,
the flag covers the casket with the union at the head and under the left shoulder. The flag is then folded and formally presented to the deceased’s family. In times of distress, the flag is flown upside-down.
It is flown at half-mast or half-staff by a decree from the president or a state governor when the nation is in mourning. On Memorial Day, the flag is to be flown at half-staff from sunrise to noon, then raised to the top until sunset. The day set aside to honor the flag is June 14th. The idea of an annual day cele-
brating the flag is believed to have first originated in 1885. In a 1914 Flag Day address, Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of the Interior, repeated words he said the flag had spoken to him that morning, saying, “I am what you make of me, nothing more. I swing before your eyes as a bright gleam of color, a symbol of yourself.”
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