S EP TEMB ER 202 2 Electric Infrastructure:VehicleAreWeReady?
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THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA Bangunan Ingenieur, Lots 60 & 62, Jalan 52/4, P.O. Box 223, (Jalan Sultan), 46720 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Tel: 603-7968 4001/4002 Fax: 603-7957 7678 E-mail: sec@iem.org.my Homepage: http://www.myiem.org.my MAJLIS BAGI SESI 2022/2023 (IEM COUNCIL SESSION 2022/2023) YANG DIPERTUA / PRESIDENT Ir. Prof. Dr Norlida bt Buniyamin TIMBALAN YANG DIPERTUA / DEPUTY PRESIDENT Ir. Prof. Dr Jeffrey Chiang Choong Luin NAIB YANG DIPERTUA / VICE PRESIDENTS Ir. Yau Chau Fong, Ir. Mohd Aman bin Hj. Idris, Y. Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Ahmad Murad bin Omar, Ir. Chen Harn Shean, Ir. Mohd Khir bin Muhammad, Ir. Prof. Dr Tan Chee Fai, Ir. Abdul Razak bin Yakob SETIAUSAHA KEHORMAT / HONORARY SECRETARY Ir. Prof. Dr Zuhaina binti Zakaria BENDAHARI KEHORMAT / HONORARY TREASURER Ir. Dr Lee Yun Fook BEKAS YANG DIPERTUA TERAKHIR / IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT Ir. Ong Ching Loon BEKAS YANG DIPERTUA / PAST PRESIDENTS Y.Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Dr Gue See Sew, Y.Bhg. Dato’ Paduka Ir. Keizrul bin Abdullah, Y.Bhg. Academician Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Prof. Dr Chuah Hean Teik, Y.Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Lim Chow Hock, Ir. Dr Tan Yean Chin, Ir. David Lai Kong Phooi WAKIL AWAM / CIVIL REPRESENTATIVE Ir. Yap Soon Hoe WAKIL MEKANIKAL / MECHANICAL REPRESENTATIVE Ir. Dr Aidil bin Chee Tahir WAKIL ELEKTRIK / ELECTRICAL REPRESENTATIVE Ir. Francis Xavier Jacob WAKIL STRUKTUR / STRUCTURAL REPRESENTATIVE Ir. Gunasagaran Kristnan WAKIL KIMIA / CHEMICAL REPRESENTATIVE Ir. Dr Chong Chien Hwa WAKIL LAIN-LAIN DISPLIN / REPRESENTATIVE TO OTHER DISCIPLINES Ir. Assoc. Prof. Dr Wong Yew Hoong WAKIL MULTIMEDIA DAN ICT / ICT AND MULTIMEDIA REPRESENTATIVE Ir. Jeewa Vengadasalam WAKIL JURUTERA WANITA / WOMEN ENGINEERS REPRESENTATIVE Ir. Noorfaizah bt Hamzah WAKIL BAHAGIAN JURUTERA SISWAZAH / YOUNG ENGINEERS SECTION REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Kuugan Thangarajoo, Mr. Lim Yiren, Mr. Muhammad Ashiq Marecan bin Hamid Marecan, Mr. Naveen Kumar a/l Apparao, Ms. Anis Akilah bt Ameer Ali AHLI MAJLIS / COUNCIL MEMBERS Ir. Dr Chan Swee Huat, Ir. Ellias bin Saidin, Ir. Mohd Radzi bin Salleh, Dato’ Ir. Hj Anuar bin Yahya, Ir. Dr Teo Fang Yenn, Ir. Sundraraj A. Krishnasamy, Ir. Dr Siti Hawa bt. Hamzah, Ir. Assoc. Prof. Lee Tin Sin, Ir. Mah Way Sheng, Ir. Sreedaran Raman, Ir. Lee Cheng Pay, Ir. Dr Kannan a/l M. Munisamy, Ir. Dr Siow Chun Lim, Ir. Wong Chee Fui, Ir. Dr Hum Yan Chai, Ir. Tiong Ngo Pu, Ir. Rusnida binti Talib, Ir. Prof. Dr Lau Hieng Ho, Ir. Muhammad Azmi bin Ayub, Ir. Fam Yew Hin, Ir. Razmahwata bin Mohd Razalli, Ir. Simon Yeong Chin Chow, Ir. Dr Chan Seong Phun, Ir. Yam Teong Sian, Ir. Kwok Yew Hoe, Ir. Dr Lee Choo Yong AHLI MAJLIS / COUNCIL MEMBERS BY INVITATION Ir. Lai Sze Ching, YBhg. Dato’ Prof. Ir. Dr Mohd Hamdi bin Abd Shukor, YBhg. Dato’ Ir. Nor Hisham bin Mohd Ghazali PENGERUSI CAWANGAN / BRANCH CHAIRMAN 1. Pulau Pinang: Ir. Bernard Lim Kee Weng 2. Selatan: Ir. Thayala Rajah s/o Selvaduray 3. Perak: Y.Bhg. Dato’ Sri Ir. Liew Mun Hon 4. Kedah-Perlis: Ir. Mohamad Shaiful Ashrul bin Ishak 5. Negeri Sembilan: Ir. Chong Chee Yen 6. Kelantan: Ir. Nik Ab. Hadi bin Hassan 7. Terengganu: YBhg. Dato’ Ir. Wan Nazari bin Wan Jusoh 8. Melaka: Ir. Ong Yee Pinn 9. Sarawak: Y.Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Janang Anak Bongsu 10. Sabah: Ir. Willie Chin Tet Fu 11. Miri: Ir. Chong Boon Hui 12. Pahang: Ir. Ab Rahman bin Hashim AHLI JAWATANKUASA INFORMASI DAN PENERBITAN/ STANDING COMMITTEE ON INFORMATION AND PUBLICATIONS 2022/2023 Pengerusi/Chairman: Ir. Abdul Razak bin Yakob Naib Pengerusi/Vice Chairman: Ir. Wong Chee Fui Setiausaha/Secretary: Ir. Dr Hum Yan Chai Ketua Pengarang/Chief Editor: Ir. Abdul Razak bin Yakob Pengarang Prinsipal Buletin/ Principal Bulletin Editor: Ir. Dr Siow Chun Lim Pengarang Prinsipal Jurnal/Principal Journal Editor: Ir. Prof. Dr Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Samad Pengerusi Perpustakaan/Library Chairman: Ir. Dr Kannan a/l M.Munisamy Ahli-Ahli/Committee Members: Ir. Dr Teo Fang Yenn, Ir. Dr Bhuvendhraa Rudrusamy, Ir. Ong Guan Hock, Ir. Lau Tai Onn, Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por, Ir. Yee Thien Seng, Dr Sudharshan N. Raman, Ir. Dr Lai Khin Wee, Ir. Dr Lee Tin Sin, Ir. Yap Soon Hoe, Mr. Alex Looi Tink Huey, Dr Mohamad Shakri bin Mohmad Shariff, Ir. Mohd Razmi Ziqri bin Ahmad Shukri, Ir. Dr Siti Hawa Hamzah, Ir. Lee Chang Quan, Ms. Michelle Lau Chui Chui, Ir. Jeewa S/O Vengadasalam, Ir. Rusnida binti Talib, Ir. Dr Lee Choo Yong, Ir. Ts. Dr Tan Kim Seah, Mr. Muhd Ashiq Marecan bin Hamid Marecan LEMBAGA PENGARANG/EDITORIAL BOARD 2022/2023 Ketua Pengarang/Chief Editor: Ir. Abdul Razak bin Yakob Pengarang Prinsipal Buletin/ Principal Bulletin Editor: Ir. Dr Siow Chun Lim Pengarang Prinsipal Jurnal/Principal Journal Editor: Ir. Prof. Dr Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Samad Ahli-ahli/Committee Members: Ir. Lau Tai Onn, Ir. Ong Guan Hock, Ir. Yee Thien Seng, Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por, Dr Sudharshan N. Raman, Ir. Dr Lai Khin Wee, Ir. Dr Teo Fang Yenn Secretariat: Janet Lim, May Lee ContentsIEM Registered on 1 May 1959Number 09, SEPTEMBER 2022 05Cover Note & Editor’s Note 43 Pink Page 06 - 12 Cover Story Electric Vehicles: Views from Malaysian Green Technology & Climate Change Corporation 38 - 39 Reflections Column Understanding the Importance of Professional Code of Ethics in Engineering Profession - the Minamata Case 41 News from Branch IEMNS Award & Appreciation Dinner 32 - 36 Forums ISO13485:2016 - Insights into the Role of an Engineer Issues & Challenges on the Ground Impacting Agile-Hybrid Project Success 16 - 29 Features Electric Vehicles: The Road to Cleaner Air Synergising Together to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals
MalaysiaHappyDay 16th September
Data from Suruhanjaya Tenaga National Energy Balance Reports (20102018) showed that transportation constituted the largest share of Final Energy Demand, culminating in almost a quarter of the total. Hence, a rollout of policies to encourage the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is welcomed. The anticipated proliferation of EVs will require supporting infrastructure, including fast-charging stations and electrical supply capacity to grow in tandem. When combustion engine vehicles are replaced with EVs, demand for electricity will definitely increase!While the EV in Malaysia is still in the early stages, it has unlimited potential. Greater awareness and public acceptance of EVs is a step in the right direction towards achieving Net Zero by 2050. Policy-makers, engineers and engineering companies have a big role to play in designing and developing the ecosystem to support this change in the race towards Net Zero. by Ir. Kwok Yew Hoe Deputy Chairman, Electrical Engineering Technical Division
NOTE COVER Getting Ready for the Big Leap to EV O n 27 September 2021, the Prime Minister announced that Malaysia aims to achieve carbon neutrality as early as 2050. Resonating with this, the Worldwide Fund For Nature (WWF) Malaysia and Boston Consulting Group (BCG) jointly issued a report in November 2021, titled Securing Our Future: Net Zero Pathways for Malaysia, which put forward that Net Zero by 2050 was not only technically feasible but also socioeconomically positive.
JURUTERA MONTHLY CIRCULATION: OVER 50,000 MEMBERS Submission or placement of articles in JURUTERA could be made to the:Chief Editor THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS , MALAYSIA (IEM) Bangunan Ingenieur, Lots 60 & 62, Jalan 52/4, P.O. Box 223 (Jalan Sultan), 46720 Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Tel: +(603) 7968 4001/4002 Fax: +(603) 7957 7678 E-mail: pub@iem.org.my or sec@iem.org.my IEM Website: http://www.myiem.org.my © 2020, The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM) and Dimension Publishing Sdn. Bhd. PUBLICATION DISCLAIMER The publication has been compiled by both IEM and Dimension with great care and they disclaim any duty to investigate any products, process, services, designs and the like which may be described in this publication. The appearance of any information in this publication does not necessarily constitute endorsement by IEM and Dimension. There is no guarantee that the information in this publication is free from errors. IEM and Dimension do not necessarily agree with the statement or the opinion expresssed in this publication. COPYRIGHT JURUTERA Bulletin of IEM is the official magazine of The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM) and is published by Dimension Publishing Sdn. Bhd. The Institution and the Publisher retain the copyright over all materials published in the magazine. No part of this magazine may be reproduced and transmitted in any form or stored in any retrieval system of any nature without the prior written permission of IEM and the Publisher. For advertisement placements and subscriptions, please contact: DIMENSION PUBLISHING SDN. BHD. [ 199701034233 (449732-T) ] Level 18-01-02, PJX-HM Shah Tower, No.16A, Persiaran Barat, 46050 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Tel: +(603) 7493 1049 Fax: +(603) 7493 1047 E-mail: info@dimensionpublishing.com Subscription Department E-mail: info@dimensionpublishing.com JURUTERA is published and printed monthly by Dimension Publishing Sdn. Bhd. GENERALROBERTCHAIRMANMEBRUERCEO/PUBLISHERPATRICKLEUNGMANAGER SHIRLEY THAM ● shirley@dimensionpublishing.com HEAD OF MARKETING & BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT JOSEPH HOW ● joseph@dimensionpublishing.com PRODUCTION EDITOR TAN BEE HONG ● bee@dimensionpublishing.com CONTRIBUTING WRITERS PUTRI ZANINA ● putri@dimensionpublishing.com HANNA SHEIKH MOKHTAR ● hanna@dimensionpublishing.com SENIOR GRAPHIC DESIGNER SOFIA HANIS ● sofia@dimensionpublishing.com GRAPHIC DESIGNER NICOLE THENG ● nicole@dimensionpublishing.com ADVERTISING CONSULTANTS THAM CHOON KIT ● ckit@dimensionpublishing.com ACCOUNTS CUM ADMIN EXECUTIVE YEN YIN ● yenyin@dimensionpublishing.com DIMENSION PUBLISHING SDN. BHD. [ 199701034233 (449732-T) ] Level 18-01-02, PJX-HM Shah Tower, No. 16A, Persiaran Barat, 46050 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Tel: +(603) 7493 1049 Fax: +(603) 7493 1047 E-mail: Website:info@dimensionpublishing.comwww.dimensionpublishing.com
EV-OlvingEDITOR’SNeedsforEVT
NOTE
On a parting note, I would like to wish all Malaysians, Selamat Hari Malaysia! by Ir. Dr Siow Chun Lim Principal Bulletin Editor
he EV (Electric Vehicle), pronounced the same as Eevee the Pokémon, has been around since the 1830s. The surge in global demand for EVs in the past decade has been driven largely by our growing concerns for the environmental impact of ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) powered vehicles. Or has it? Zooming in on the scenario here in Malaysia, the demand for EVs seems to be lagging behind the global trend. Why is this so? In this September issue of JURUTERA, the Electrical Engineering Technical Division (EETD) committee finds out more about the latest developments in the EV world and in Malaysia from the Malaysian Green Technology & Climate Change Cooperation (MGTC). A few articles on activities organised recently by EETD have also been included for your reading pleasure. So let’s flip the pages and start reading!
Are we ready for a future in which we will be driving around in electric vehicles (EVs)? Just a decade ago, there were no EVs commercially in Malaysia. But with more than 10 million electric vehicles already in use around the world, Malaysia is likely to follow the trend too. However, before we switch to electric vehicles in a big way, adequate infrastructure must be put in place first. Governments all over the world have been encouraging the move by amending policies and
Views ChangeTechnologyMalaysianfromGreen&ClimateCorporation
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providing incentives for EVs. Members of EETD talked to Encik Huzaimi Nor Omar, Senior Director of Technology Solutions, Malaysian Green Technology & Climate Change Corporation (MGTC) on the outlook for EVs in Malaysia. MGTC, with an expanded portfolio on promoting green technology, was the pioneer in encouraging the implementation of EV infrastructure in the country. An agency of the Ministry of Environment & Water, MGTC is mandated to drive the country in the scope of green growth, climate change mitigation and green lifestyle. The role of MGTC as a catalyst for green economic growth, is regulated by 3 national policies, particularly the National Green Technology Policy (NGTP), the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP) and the Green Technology Master Plan (GTMP). In the online interview, Encik Huzaimi shared MGTC’s initiaves and programmes as well as his own knowledge and experience on the subject.
Vehicles:Electric
Specialises in EVs and EV charging infrastructure. After he graduated from Vanderbilt University, he worked as a Mechanical Engineer in a Japanese electronic company before moving to the automotive industry. He was with Proton for 10 years and spent 3 years in Hethel, United Kingdom, on a special
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ChangeGreenTechnologyHeindustryHuzaimiformedinproject.programmeassignment/secondmentaspartofasupercarHehadbeeninvolvedEVssince2010withanewly-teaminProton.EncikcontinuedwiththeEVinTanChongGroup.isnowtheSeniorDirectorofSolutions,MalaysianTechnology&ClimateCorporation(MGTC).
Encik Huzaimi Nor Omar
In Malaysia, recent efforts include looking at getting manufacturers from China to launch and market more affordable BEVs here. However, Indonesia is ahead of us as China has already started marketing more affordable BEVs there as Indonesia is seen to have a bigger market for entry-level and affordable BEVs. Malaysia is trying to hold its ground as we have an advantage in the affordability level. Besides that, we have good highway connections between towns and cities and this makes the implementation of EV infrastructure so much easier. What are the drawbacks of EVs in comparison to fossil fuel vehicles? There used to be several major drawbacks and gaps in EVs when compared to fossil fuel vehicles. However, in recent years these had significantly reduced as EVs evolved. The EV driving range was a main drawback but this had improved tremendously. Range anxiety is lesser What are the notable developments in the EV industry? Has Malaysia kept pace with the global EV industry? Globally, the EV market is growing. The total industry volume (TIV) for EVs doubled in 2021 as compared to 2020. This is a significant growth. In the market, we can see more battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid models being introduced by international car manufacturers. Today, BEV has a higher market share than the plug-in hybrid model. This is what we want to achieve in the Malaysian market as well. Currently, BEV has about 65% of the market share. The driving range of BEVs has always been a practicality issue but this has improved significantly and the average driving range has increased to 350km from 150km. In fact, there are more BEV models with a driving range of more than 350km than before. There are also significantly more affordable BEV models entering the market. Without technological advancement, it would not be possible for BEVs to improve in terms of driving range and affordability. There is also notable development in how countries are looking at the EV market. The European Union, for example, has pledged to discontinue the sales of internal combustion engine vehicles which are powered by fossil fuel, by 2035. UK, Japan and Korea are also joining the fray. How has the EV industry fared in South East Asia and where is Malaysia in comparison?
Thailand wants to become a manufacturing hub for EVs and has been very successful in getting more BEV models by international manufacturers to be launched and marketedIndonesiathere.is also quite aggressive in expanding its EV industry and has policies to push EV uptake through manufacturing components, especially EV batteries. As Indonesia has resources for materials associated with battery production, it is blocking the export of such materials so as to allow these materials to be produced or processed in the country only. On the consumer side, its focus is more on sales of electric motorcycles. We have to acknowledge that the Indonesian market is definitely much larger than ours.
Besides Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore are also making good progress. Singapore is very QQ Q of the main concern. In addition, more and more EV charging points have been installed throughout the country to further reduce the gap. Currently, the biggest drawback is when consumers compare long-term total ownership cost between EVs and fossil fuel vehicles. Since fossil fuel is heavily subsidised by the government, consumers may still prefer fossil fuel vehicles as these seem more economical in the long run. What is the environmental impact of using EVs over conventional vehicles? EVs contribute positively to the environment. With no tailpipe emission, EVs help reduce illnesses associated with emissions from conventional vehicles as well as reduce noise pollution. When it comes to electricity usage, EVs have always been tied to the environmental impact related to the supply of electricity on the grid. To further reduce emissions from power generation, Malaysia is looking at EV charging infrastructure powered by renewable energy sources. There are already EV charging points along the PLUS highway that integrate solar PV into the EV charging infrastructure. What role does MGTC play in EV infrastructure development? MGTC was the pioneer in Malaysia for EV infrastructure development on a serious scale and aggressive manner. From the start, MGTC put in great effort to address the immediate gaps relating to the deployment of charging infrastructure. The biggest obstacle was acceptance. At the start, only a small group wanted EV charging points and it was very hard to convince private or government entities to adopt EV charging points even though MGTC was working with an Akaun Amanah Industri Bekalan Elektrik AAIBE fund of RM5 million to roll out 200 chargers. However, the acceptance level has now increased and more private/government entities are now supporting the deployment of EV charging points on their premises.
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aggressively expanding the EV industry and is considering to ban new diesel-powered passenger vehicles and taxis by 2025. It also plans to install up to 60,000 EV charging points throughout the republic. As of now, 1,800 charging points have already been installed.
Last but not least, MGTC has also been instrumental in EVs and EV charging infrastructure policy recommendations in Malaysia. How was the charging infrastructure guideline developed? MGTC developed a guideline for EV charging infrastructure together with technical experts from Universiti Malaya Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC).
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Another gap was convenience and confidence as users found it difficult to easily locate public charging infrastructure outside of their homes. So MGTC introduced an app for locating EV charging points. EV users find this very convenient and this has increased their confidence.MGTCis involved in technical matters such as the safety requirements of EV charging infrastructure. Back then, MGTC produced a guideline on EV charging points deployment based on requirements set by IET as reference. We developed training modules and provided training for the deployment of EV charging points. We are also involved in developing the National Competency Standard for EV charging points.
To have more en-route chargers, MGTC is in talks with Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia to install charging points along the highways. For more destination chargers, MGTC has been promoting and providing guidelines to interested parties for deployment in public places. Surprisingly, more private entities have started installing destination chargers. To guarantee the safety of EV charging points, MGTC looked into establishing a guideline to ensure that the weather resistance of the charging points was in accordance with what was fit for Malaysia. It finally settled on a minimum hardware weather resistance rating of IP54. So all EV charging points have to be the same or better than IP54.
MGTC is also establishing a guideline to ensure charging infrastructure follows the standard that is being developed by the technical committee in Malaysia. The standard was adopted from IEC 61851 and IEC62196 standards, which had gone through public comments. Moving forward, MGTC is working towards making the standard mandatory so that there will be tighter control over EV charging infrastructure. To achieve compatibility with most EVs in Malaysia, MGTC recommends using Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP). At the moment, most charging points installed are already complying with OCPP. On the other hand, to physically achieve compatibility, or in other words, make sure the charger socket or nozzle on the EV charging points is compatible with most EVs in Malaysia, MGTC is also working on harmonising the standards to follow the Type 2 (CCS 2) AC and DC charging. It also does risk assessments for flood and potential water leakage around the areas of EV charging points deployment.Thenthere is the matter of user safety such as making sure EV charging points are not placed in secluded areas; it is preferable to install EV charging points in highly visible areas for better accessibility and to reduce the likelihood of vandalism.Finally, EV charging points need to be connected to the network, so MGTC is making sure network coverage is available at all charging points. Is there a roadmap for EV infrastructure development in Malaysia? Malaysia introduced a Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint in 2021 which laid out the national target of having 10,000 public EV charging points by 2025, with a minimum of 10% DC or super-fast charger.
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To address the technological perspective of EV charging infrastructure, MGTC implemented demo projects such as the first fast charging station in Malaysia at Ayer Keroh. It also implemented a charging infrastructure with an energy storage system and integrated solar PV which created a minimal grid dependence chargingMGTCinfrastructure.isstillcarrying the role of promoting new technology related to EV charging infrastructure. It is now working on a project with UNIDO GEF7 funds to implement more demo projects such as smart charging, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, wireless charging and battery swapping.
UMPEDAC did several engagements with respective parties and upon completion, the guideline was presented to Suruhanjaya Tenaga (ST) for approval. The guideline also included licensing schemes for operators of EV charging points. How can we have robust EV infrastructure? What are the standards that we can refer to? For a robust EV charging infrastructure, we need to look at a few things such as the user’s need for charging points, the safety aspects of the charging points and the compatibility of the charging points with EVs sold in Malaysia. MGTC’s prime effort in looking at the user’s need for charging points is in the completeness or availability of the network of EV charging infrastructure. This covers home and office chargers, en-route chargers and destination chargers.
The bottleneck at present is the supply of EVs. Globally, there is a huge shortage with a long waiting list. When MGTC invites manufacturers to market their vehicles in Malaysia, the manufacturers want to do feasibility studies, comparing us with Thailand or Indonesia which have bigger market sizes of up to 1 million TIV.
As part of the roadmap, the task force has also been looking at regulating the standard and guidelines for EV charging infrastructure deployment and charging point operator (CPO) licensing. As of now, anyone can install and operate a charging station but I think ST will be releasing a licensing requirement in the next 2-3 months to regulate EV charging point deployment.Thetask force is also looking at refining incentives for EV charging infrastructure deployment. However, due to the lack of government funds, efforts that involve financial incentives will be a big challenge.
EVs and EV charging infrastructure, MGTC is also looking at the Malaysian regulation for vehicles with tailpipe emissions. In previous years, new vehicles with Q
Tesla, for example, is more aggressive in talks with Indonesia due to the market size and potential. How has the pace of development been in Malaysia? To date, Malaysia has only 600 charging points as compared to the target of 10,000 charging points. Even though
Alternatively, the task force is looking at strengthening the current green investment tax allowance and pioneer status as well as exemption from import duty for EVs and EV charging infrastructure investment by private entities. With all these efforts in place, Malaysia now has approximately 600 public EV charging points and the number is increasing. While previously only chargeEV and MGTC have been pushing for this, more entities such as Petronas, Smart Selangor and even independent providers are now willing to invest in EV charging infrastructure. The task for MGTC is to try to maintain this uptrend in interest shown.
Ir. Shamila Ariaratnam, Ir. Amir Hussein and Ir. Dr Siow Chun Lim from EETD with Encik Huzaimi Nor Omar MGTC started its efforts in 2015, the deployment rate was stagnant and the pace was slow. This was because while MGTC was pushing for the deployment of charging points, the issue of availability of EVs was not aggressively addressed accordingly. It was only in late 2021, after the Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint was approved, that charging points deployment picked up the pace. Malaysia also got a boost recently in the EV race with the Budget announcement of tax exemptions for EVs. With this incentive, manufacturers such as Hyundai, Mazda, KIA and Great Wall Motors have announced that they will start introducing their respective EVs into the Malaysian market in next quarter 2022 which will resolve the availability issue. MGTC also notices that all the premium vehicle brands in Malaysia have also started to introduce EVs. However, MGTC has yet to see the actual outcome of these announcements as despite having more EV models being launched in Malaysia, the waiting time is still very long due to the shortage in supply. It is hoped that once these issues are resolved, we will see faster pick-up in theseBesidesareas.
An EV task force that includes MITI and other stakeholders, is coming out with a strategic paper on how to chart the path and to look into details towards achieving the national target. The task force also agreed on a national ratio between EV charging points to EVs on the road to be between 1:8 or 1:10. The task force has also recommended for the distribution of national EV charging points to be based on access and demand. The target is to have 20-30% accessbased EV charging points and 70-80% demand-based EV charging points.
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An access-based charging point is a location where lesser attraction to install an EV charging point occurs due to the probability of low usage and low traffic but there has to be one to accommodate, for instance, EV users who are driving long distances. Commercially, such charging points are usually not highly feasible. So, the task force and the government has to really look at how we can achieve the distribution and manage the EV charging points deployment.Ontheother hand, as a demandbased EV charging point has a far higher likelihood of usage, it will be commercially feasible. Demandbased charging points are usually corporate-driven initiatives. Today, we can see many players have started to get into this space to fulfill the demand-based segment.
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SEPTEMBER 2022 COVER STORY JURUTERA • THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA 12 any amount of tailpipe emission may be imported and sold here. MGTC, however, wants carbon emission to be recognised as part of the pollutant to be considered in vehicle type approval. MGTC is currently working on this and hopefully, we should see the regulation being amended by the end of 2022 under Act 127. Next, MGTC will also be looking at formulating a corporate average fuel efficiency mechanism and carbon emission vehicular scheme mechanism together with Malaysia Automotive, Robotics and IoT Institute (MARii) under the Ministry of International Trade & Industry Malaysia (MITI). This is to emphasise the importance of recognising carbon emission in Malaysia and, in the end, the efforts to reduce them. What role can engineers play in EV infrastructure development? There are lots of roles that engineers can play. Right now, Malaysia is in the adoption phase. Electrical, mechanical, software and communication as well as network engineering are very relevant. To date, Malaysia is not very concerned with AC charging deployment except when it is clustered together. However, more thought and requirements are needed for DC fast charging deployment. For example, one cluster of Tesla DC fast charging points uses one common rectifier with multiple dispensers. This single rectifier can take up to 500-600A which is not yet a concern for the standard TNB supply infrastructure. However, the existing infrastructure may not be able to supply multiple clusters of DC fast charging deployment. So a better engineering solution will be required.
Energy storage system is also an area to be looked at as a solution to reduce maximum demand from the EV charging Engineerspoints.should focus on high-value areas such as software control, better efficiency solutions, cost-effective solutions and energy storage solutions to reduce the requirement of upgrading the power station. Is there any incentive for local entrepreneurs to partake in the provision of EV infrastructure? As yet, there is no specific incentive related to EV charging infrastructure for local entrepreneurs. This is also another area that has to be looked at more thoroughly, especially where financial support is concerned. However, there are generic funds under TERAJU (a strategic unit under the Prime Minister’s Department) and the Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation (MOSTI). NanoMalaysia and MIMOS also have programmes on the development of technology related to EVs. Will EVs become a threat to fossil fuel vehicles and what will their impact be on the petroleum industry? It is inevitable that EVs will be a threat to fossil fuel vehicles, especially in Europe and UK which have already declared that they will be phasing out the latter. Other countries such as China are also setting a high target. However, in Malaysia, we are not going to be that aggressive as we are only targeting 10-15% TIV to be EVs by 2030.Even though the shift from fossil fuel-based energy to electricitybased energy is inevitable, that does not mean it will only have a negative impact on O&G producing countries. Countries like Norway are using the funds from O&G to build their EV industry. Petronas has also noticed the shift and is joining the bandwagon to capitalise on the energy requirement shift with the establishment of GENTARI. Petronas and Shell petrol stations are deploying EV charging points. The bigger threat is more on efficiency improvements and when we put the emission base regulation by trying to control the level of emission and improving fuel consumption.
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Electric16 Vehicles: The Road to Cleaner Air
Ir. Francis Xavier Jacob Freelance Healthcare & Biomedical Engineering Consultant, Trainer and Auditor with Armamentarium Consulting, Ir. Shamila Ariaratnam is the Honorary Secretary of the Electrical Engineering Technical Division and Advisor to the Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering Working Group.
Figure 1: An EV built by an English inventor in 1884 Source: US Department of Energy 1
Written and PreparedIr.by:Shamila Ariaratnam
SEPTEMBER 2022 FEATURE JURUTERA • THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA
A n electric vehicle is a mode of transport powered by electricity. Unlike conventional vehicles which use gasoline (i.e. petrol) or diesel-powered engines, electric cars and trucks use an electric motor powered by batteries or a fuel cell. Contrary to popular belief, EV is not an invention of modern times [1]. It is difficult to pinpoint who built the first EV as it has been credited to several inventors as far back as the 1820s. In 1828, Hungarian Ányos Jedlik invented a small-scale model car powered by an electric motor. At around the same time, Scotsman Robert Anderson, invented a crude electricity powered carriage. In 1835, two small-scale electric cars were designed by Prof. Sibrandus Stratingh of Groningen, Holland, and Thomas Davenport, a blacksmith from Vermont, USA, respectively. While these inventions were not much different from electrified horseless carriages, it would be worthwhile to note that it was their pioneering work that piqued the interest of a plethora of inventors over the decades and paved way for the modern-day EV. How Does an EV Work?
There are three main types of EVs [2]. HEVs and PHEVs are powered by both petrol and electricity. While HEVs generate energy through the vehicle’s own brake system to recharge the battery and PHEVs recharge via an external source of electricity, both are equipped with ICEs to enable them to function on petrol. When powered by ICE, they emit tailpipe emissions which pollute the environment. The third type, the BEV, runs fully on electricity. BEV uses a traction lithium-ion battery pack to power the motor and requires recharging by plugging-in to a charging station or wall power outlet. As BEVs do not have ICE, they do not emit any tailpipe fumes. The only emission associated with BEV is from the source of power used to generate the electricity to charge the batteries.
Served as the Chairman and Advisor of the Electrical Engineering Technical Division and is a Council member of the Institution of Engineers Malaysia. He is the current Chairman of the Energy Workgroup of the ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations (AFEO). He had served as a Senior Analyst and previously the Director of Energy Management and Industrial Development for the Energy Commission, Malaysia. He is a Registered Electrical Energy Manager and member of the Institution of Engineers Malaysia. This article traces the development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry. It touches on the common types of EVs in the market, such as hybrid EVs (HEVs), plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs), battery EVs (BEVs) and how the EV can help save the environment and nature by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It also elaborates on the benefits of EV over internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and the challenges hampering the switch from ICE to EV. To conclude, it touches on EV developments around the world and in Malaysia, including the obstacles surrounding its adoption in a sustainable manner.
EVs in this article refer to 2-, 3- and 4- wheelers as well as heavy-duty vehicles, unless otherwise stated.
Figure 4: U.S. average annual emissions per vehicle Source: U.S. Department of Energy [5]
Conventional ICE vehicles produce direct emissions through the tailpipe as well as through evaporation from the fuel system and during the fuelling process. In contrast, the BEV produces zero exhaust emission. Emissions associated with BEV are from the power plants generating electricity to charge the batteries and are referred to as upstream emissions. Emissions can be further reduced if a renewable energy source such as a fuel cell is used.
Figure 2: Types of EVs
GHG: Greenhouse gas
Benefits of EVs EVs are environmentally friendly alternatives to petrol or diesel cars as they generate little air pollution. Electrifying transport reduces air pollution, oil import dependency and allay climate change. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine surfaced the role of EVs in reducing oil demand to the fore; it was one of the key measures proposed by the International Energy Agency (IEA) to cut oil use in the near term [3].
Source: U.S. Department of Energy [2]
Figure 3: Vehicle emissions: Tailpipe vs Upstream Source: Energy Education, University of Calgary [4]
Though HEVs and PHEVs produce zero tailpipe emissions when in an allelectric mode, they still produce evaporative emissions. But when on ICE, HEVs and PHEVs produce tailpipe emissions that are generally lower than that from conventional vehicles [4]. According to the US Department of Energy, BEV is, by far, the most efficient of all EVs in terms of emissions, emitting 66% less CO2 per gallon of gasoline in contrast to vehicles which are powered solely by ICE [5].
SEPTEMBER 2022FEATURE THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA 17
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The initial capital outlay to purchase an EV is higher than buying petrol/diesel-powered vehicles. Battery technology is expensive as batteries for EVs need to be able to store vast amounts of charge to make them practical for use [2]. The most expensive component in each battery cell is the cathode, one of the two electrodes that stores and releasesCobalt,electricity.nickel, lithium and manganese are metals commonly used in the manufacture of cathodes. These metals, which are difficult to procure, need to be mined and processed according to stringent specifications for subsequent usage in EV batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are the current standard; these offer a longer driving range and retain energy better than other metals. With the demand for EV batteries soaring and the absence of new supply capacities for these metals, prices have skyrocketed. Compared to the start of 2021, the price of lithium was seven times higher in May 2022. There are other variables affecting the demand for minerals. If current high commodity prices endure, cathode chemistries may shift towards less mineralintensive options [2]. An encouraging alternative is the lithium iron phosphate battery which does not require nickel nor cobalt. Its low energy density renders it better suited for shorter driving range EV. Especially popular in China, the market share of lithium iron phosphate batteries has doubled since 2020. Other promising alternatives such as manganese and sodium cathodes may further reduce the dependency on lithium mining. Recycling can also reduce demand for the minerals in the long run. EV has a long recharging time compared to the relatively fast process of refuelling a petrol tank. While it takes only a couple of minutes to fuel a petrol-powered car, it can take 4-6 hours to fully recharge an EV [7]. As with any type of battery, the EV battery will, over time, lose its ability to fully charge. Most car manufacturers warrant EV batteries for around 8 years.
The Global EV Race Whether it is clean energy, green technology, eco-friendly engineering or carbon sequestration robotics, the EV is by far, one of the most dynamic frontiers for saving the environment. A whopping 6.6 million EVs were sold worldwide in 2021 (double the number sold in 2020), accounting for nearly 10% of global car sales [2]. According to the IEA, at the close of 2021 there were an estimated 16.5 million EVs worldwide. In 2022, the sales of EVs continue to rise to record levels. Two million EVs were sold in the first quarter of 2021, an increase of 75% from the same period in 2021. In addition, consumers were spoilt for choice when it came to choices of EV models, with 450 models to choose from in 2021 – a five-fold increase from that in 2015. Several key success factors have contributed to this. Foremost is the pledge by many countries to phase out ICE in the coming decades, which has pushed car makers, battery makers and EV infrastructure providers to embark on ambitious plans to exceed the targets set by policymakers in their respective countries. These pledges and commitments were renewed at the recently concluded COP-26 [8].
Challenges to Adopting EVs
The most recent COP26 was the 26th year that governments, NGOs, trade unions, businesses and anyone else with interest in climate change met to review and negotiate global action. Delayed one year due to the Covid-19 pandemic, COP26 was held on 1-12 November 2021 in Glasgow, Scotland. Among the positive outcomes at COP26 was the Glasgow Accord on Zero Emissions Vehicles [9]. This was a significant global move towards electrification of the transportation system and cemented a wave of support to expedite the phasing out of ICE vehicles.
Charging the growing number of EVs requires a robust network of stations [7]. The increase in production of EVs has yet to be matched by development in the charging infrastructure. The pace at which the charging infrastructure is rolled out differs from one country to another; the number of chargers per EV depends on factors such as local and federal land and housing regulations, travel distances, population density and reliance on home charging. Charging at home/workplace is likely to supply much of the overall demand but the number of public chargers needs to expand to further bolster market acceptance of EVs by offering more flexible charging opportunities at commonly visited destinations. The locations of charging stations and the charging process itself need to be as efficient and convenient as refuelling an ICE vehicle.
SEPTEMBER 2022 FEATURE JURUTERA • THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA
Compared to the ICE vehicle, EV has a limited driving range due to the low energy density of batteries; most EVs have a short driving range of 100-150 km. However, this is increasing with newer models.
COP (Conference of Parties) is one of the world’s key international conferences that brings together representatives from across the globe to negotiate the best ways to tackle climate change. Held annually, the first COP took place in 1995 in Berlin, Germany. It is the main decision-making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, an agreement made by 197 countries to stabilise greenhouse gas emissions and avoid dangerous climate change.
18 EV is also cheaper to maintain as it has fewer moving parts than a conventional fossil fuel powered car [6]. For instance, the absence of exhaust systems, starter motors, fuel injection mechanisms and radiators in BEV results in lesser need for vehicle servicing. Noise pollution is also significantly reduced as BEVs and their hybrid counterparts are nearly silent when in electric mode. In addition, recent research shows that EVs have a lower centre of gravity which makes them less likely to roll over in the event of a vehicle mishap.
Figure 5: Transition to net zero emissions – Status of pledges by global nations Source: Glasgow Accord on Zero Emissions Vehicles, COP26 [9]
A total of 137 countries pledged to attain net zero carbon neutrality or being climate-neutral. The term “net zero” refers to the balance between greenhouse gases released and removed from the atmosphere [10]. Carbon neutrality is a state of net zero carbon dioxide emissions, while becoming climate neutral means reducing greenhouse gas emissions as much as possible and compensating for any remaining emission [10]. According to the Global Carbon Atlas, the top 3 carbon dioxide emitters in the world in 2020 were China (10.67 billion tonnes), USA (4.71 billion tonnes) and India (2.44 billion tonnes) [11]. Pledging the strictest of timelines at COP26, however, was Norway which had committed to be zero-emission by 2025. Closely tailing Norway was the Netherlands, Slovenia, Sweden, Iceland and Ireland which had pledged to phase out ICE by 2030. UK and Denmark had set their targets for 2035, France and Canada for 2040, the U.S. and Germany for 2050 and India for 2070. Although China refrained from making a pledge to phase out ICE at COP26, its sales of EV cars in 2021 were the highest in the world, accounting for half of the global growth [3]. 3.3 million EVs were sold in China in 2021. That same year, sales in Europe increased 65% to 2.3 million units while the U.S. recorded sales of 63,000 units after declining sales in 2019 and 2020. Equally promising trends were displayed in the first quarter of 2022, with sales in China more than doubling its sales in the first quarter of 2021; the U.S. and Europe recorded a 60% and 25% increase in sales respectively.
SEPTEMBER 2022FEATURE THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA 19 enquiry@nehemiah-grp.com
Spurring China’s EV success story are several factors [3]. Nearly 75% of all lithium-ion batteries are manufactured in China which is accountable for 70% of production capacity for cathodes and 85% of production capacity for anodes. Europe is responsible for over one-quarter of global EV production, but it has only 20% of the battery supply chain apart from cobalt processing. The U.S. has an even smaller role in the global EV battery supply chain, with only 10% of EV production and 7% of battery production. Other notable EV battery supply chains are in South Korea and Japan. South Korea has 15% of cathode material production capacity while Japan accounts for 14% of cathode and 11% of anode material production. According to the IEA, China is expected to supply 70% of EV batteries until 2030.
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Alongside lower development and manufacturing costs, EVs in China are smaller and this contributes to narrowing the price gulf between EV and ICE cars to an average of 10%, compared to 45-50% on average in other major markets. Also supporting the robust growth of EVs in China is the efficient rate of implementation of the charging infrastructure.
The dynamic sale of EVs is threatened by global constraints in mineral supply for the manufacture of batteries. Five minerals that are key in the production of the commonly used lithium-ion batteries are lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese and graphite. These come from countries rich in these mineral resources, with the top three nations/regions being China, Australia and the Lithium Triangle of South America comprising Chile, Argentina and Bolivia
Clearly[12].apparent from the global supply chains for the EV battery industry (Figure 6), is the disruption faced by the EV industry in general due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russian attack on Ukraine. But despite the setbacks and challenges, the solid underlying principles of many governments towards zero emission will continue to provide the basis for growth of the EV industry in the longer term.
EVs in Malaysia Blessed with a good road transport network, Malaysia has tremendous potential to grow a robust EV industry. Under the 12th Malaysia Plan (12MP) unveiled in September 2021, the government announced its aspirations to “become a carbon neutral country by 2050 at the earliest [13]”. Prior to this, in July 2021, the Ministry of Environment & Water (KASA) and the Malaysian Green Technology & Climate Change Centre (MGTC) announced, in a blueprint titled Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint 2021-2030, the plan to increase EV and other low carbon transportation usage so as to lower carbon emissions [14]. The blueprint covers four key areas: Vehicle energy efficiency improvement, EV adoption and related tax exemptions, alternative fuel adoption and greenhouse gas emission and energy reduction. Figure 6: The top 25 nations supplying minerals for EV batteries Source: Mining Dot Com Newsletter [12]
SEPTEMBER 2022FEATURE THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA 21 enquiry@nehemiah-grp.com
[1] U.S. Department of Energy, The History of the Electric Car (2014), https:// www.energy.gov/articles/history-electric-car/. Accessed on 8 June 2022.
[2] U.S. Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center, Electric Vehicles (2020), https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric. Accessed on 8 June 2022.
[5] U.S. Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center, Emissions from Electric Vehicles (2020), https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_emissions. Accessed on 8 June 2022.
[9] UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26), UK (2021), https://cop26transportdeclaration.org. Accessed on22 June 2022.
[3] International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2022 (2022), https:// www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2022. Accessed on 8 June 2022.
[7] National Geographic June 2021 Newsletter, nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/will-charging-electric-https://www. cars-ever-be-as-fast-as-pumping-gas. Accessed on 8 June 2022.
[12] Mining Dot Com April 2021 Newsletter (2021), https://www.mining. com/web/ranked-top-25-nations-producing-battery-metals-for-theev-supply-chain/. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
[13] The 12th Malaysia Plan (RMK12) 2021-2025 (2021), https://rmke12. epu.gov.my/en. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
Figure 7: The Nissan Leaf, a popular BEV model in Malaysia Source: https://www.wapcar.my Figure 8: ChargEV, an MTGC initiative that provides electric vehicle charging solutions in Malaysia Source: MTGC [18]
[4] University of Calgary, Energy Education (2018), Accessedenergyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Electric_vehicle_emissions.https://on8June2022.
[15] Ministry of Finance Malaysia, Budget 2022 Highlights (2021), https:// www.mof.gov.my/portal/en/news/press-citations/budget-2022highlights-summary. Accessed on 22 June 2022. [16] Malaysia Automotive Association, Sales & Production Statistics (2022), http://www.maa.org.my/statistics. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
[17] Malaysia Automotive Association, Press Release (2022), http:// Accessedwww.maa.org.my/only-274-evs-were-sold-last-year-in-malaysia/.on22June2022.
In October 2021, under Budget 2022, Finance Minister Tengku Datuk Seri Zafrul Abdul Aziz announced more incentives for EV owners to support the Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint including 100% road tax exemption, 100% sales tax exemption for completely knocked down passenger vehicles and 50% discount for completely built-up cars (including multi-purpose vehicles and sports utility vehicles) and tax income exemption for individuals of up to RM2,500 on the cost of purchase, installation, rent, hire purchase as well as subscription fees for EV charging facilities [15]. Despite the incentives, challenges remain. The adoption of EVs in Malaysia, however, is still in its infancy in contrast to its ASEAN neighbours. In 2021, of the 452,663 passenger vehicles sold, only 274 were BEVs, accounting for 0.06% of the total Malaysian market [16-17]. At the time of the unveiling of the blueprint, there were about 30,000 EVs (HEVs, PHEVs and BEVs combined) on Malaysian roads and as of March 2022, there were 600 EV charging stations around the countryCurrent[18].awareness on climate change and regulations to promote the use of renewable energy have played a pivotal role in transforming the preference of the Malaysian consumer with respect to transportation choices. The average Malaysian agrees unequivocally that EV is the answer to decarbonising the transportation sector but the main factor that keeps EVs out of the reach of many is the high cost. The initial capital investment for an EV far outweighs the accumulated cost savings from free charging, not buying fuel and the reduction in road/sales taxes and income tax incentives. Add to that driving range anxiety and long charging times. The lack of EV charging infrastructure readiness also deters a seamless switch from ICE to EV in Malaysia. Future of EV Countries aspiring to accelerate their commitments to zero-emission can implement numerous initiatives. Central to all will be the unwavering support of government fiscal policies. Kickstarting the transition will be the expansion and upgrading of electricity grids. The key to the electrification of any country’s transportation system is a charging infrastructure that is publicly accessible and affordable. With a robust grid system in place, statutory mandating of policies favouring EV adoption, such as lowering of carbon dioxide emission levels and monitoring of vehicle efficiencies, will meet with little or no resistance. In addition, a strategy to impose additional taxes on ICE vehicle owners while incentivising EV owners will propel the transition pathway too. The often-neglected categories of two-and-threewheelers plus heavy-duty vehicles such as buses and trucks will simultaneously add to a seamless shift. For a start, two-and-three-wheeler EVs can assist in the narrowing of price gaps in comparison to four-wheelers.
[14] Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint 2021-2030 (2021), https://www. kasa.gov.my/resources/alam-sekitar/Low-Carbon-MobilityBlueprint-2021-2030/8/. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
REFERENCES
[18] Malaysian Green Technology and Climate Change Corp (MGTC), (2021), https://www.mgtc.gov.my/2021/11/making-ev-the-ride-of-thefuture/. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
[6] Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, Yale Climate Connections, Electric cars can cost 40% less to maintain than gasoline cars (2021), Accessedelectric-cars-can-cost-40-less-to-maintain-than-gasoline-cars/.https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2021/09/on8June2022.
[11] Global Carbon Atlas 2021 (2021), http://www.globalcarbonatlas.org/ en/content/welcome-carbon-atlas. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
SEPTEMBER 2022 FEATURE JURUTERA • THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA 22
[10] Merriam Webster Dictionary, https://www.merriam-webster.com/ dictionary/carbon-neutral. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
[8] UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26), UK 2021, https://ukcop26.org/. Accessed on22 June 2022.
Written and Prepared
Synergising Together to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
Chanby:
SEPTEMBER 2022FEATURE THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA 23
T
The second keynote address was to have been delivered by Encik Shaharul Sadri Alwi, Director General of Standards Malaysia. However, due to unforeseen circumstances, he was not able to.
The first session was on Standards Drive Sustainable Development Goals. Dr Shu Yinbiao, President of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) delivered the first keynote address through a pre-recorded session. He said standardisation was a global effort which provided tools for global partners. IEC will continue to collaborate with IEM, Standards Malaysia and ST to promote engineering best practices which will benefit all.
So, the third keynote address, titled Electrical Safety Standards, was brought forward. It was given by Ir. Md. Zakuan Ibrahim, ST Director of Safety Regulations. His talk was on causes of electrical accidents, guidelines and statistics. He also described strategies to mitigate electrical accidents. The framework included enforcement, legislation, promotion, education and engagement with industries. He also highlighted some publications from EnergyAfterCommission.thelunch break, the fourth keynote address, titled Electrical Installation or Safety in Cambodia, was delivered by Dr Chan Sodavath, Secretary of State, Ministry of Mines & Energy, Cambodia. He explained the purpose of having Standards and introduced some Standards used in Cambodia. He also highlighted Cambodia’s contribution to Sustainable Development Goals.
Chi Yen Tineswar Jaganathapillai Works in a mechanical & electrical engineering consultancy company. Apart from his involvement in the Electrical Engineering Technical Division of IEM, he also contributes to the National Working Group of the ASEAN Engineering InspectorateElectrical Installation (AEI-EI).
Final-Year mechanical engineering student at University Malaysia Pahang, is a student member of IEM.
The then IEM President, Ir. Ong Ching Loon, gave his welcome address in which he stressed on the importance of having Standards. Products manufactured according to recognised Standards can be exported to the international market and this can further increase the market share.
Next, Ts. Abdul Razib Dawood, Chief Executive Officer of ST gave his speech and launched the ASEAN Electrotechnical Symposium and Exhibition 2022. He reiterated that Standards facilitate the transfer of local products to the international market. All products produced that comply with recognised Standards can be compatible economically.
he biennial ASEAN Electrotechnical Symposium & Exhibition 2022 on 16-17 March 2022, at the Plenary Theatre, Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, was a hybrid event held after a 2-year break due to the Covid-19 pandemic. More than 120 participants attended.Thistime, the theme was Standards Drive Sustainable Development Goals and, once again, The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM), Department of Standards Malaysia (DSM) and Suruhanjaya Tenaga (ST) or Energy Commission of Malaysia joined hands to organise the event.Participants comprised engineering professionals, government officials and policymakers, Standards’ organisations, manufacturers, suppliers and solution providers as well as owners and operators from Malaysia and ASEAN countries. There were 5 sessions on the following topics: Standards Drive Sustainable Development Goals, Sustainable Cities & Communities, Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure, Affordable & Clean Energy and Good Health & Well-Being. Participants gained valuable insights from the topics delivered by various local and foreign experts.
First, the Chairman of the Electrical Engineering Technical Division and Organising Chairman of International Electrotechnical Symposium & Exhibition (IESE) 2022, Ir. Lee Cheng Pay, gave his opening remarks. He thanked all the supporters and participants, saying that this was the first time the symposium was held via a hybrid method which allowed participants the option to attend either physically or virtually.
The next session, Sustainable Cities & Communities, comprised a forum on Electrical Safety Standards Making Cities & Human Settlements Inclusive, Safe and Sustainable. Ir. Yau Chau Fong, Head Commissioner of ASEAN Engineering Register (AER), Chairman of the ASEAN Engineering Inspectors-Electrical Installation (AEI-EI) and Standing Committee on Activities Chairman, gave an overview of the ASEAN Electrical Standards & Regulations. Standards are essential for ensuring equipment performance and safety. Without Standards, the technology of today would not have been achievable. Ir. Yau also talked briefly about the history, role and objectives of forming the ASEAN Engineering Register (AEI) and introduced the ASEAN Engineering Inspectors – Electrical Installation (AEI-EI). The ASEAN Engineering Inspectors steering committee (AEI) comprises 4 engineering disciplines: Building, Harmonising Boiler Inspectors, Electrical Installation and Manufacturing. The AEI-EI has published a white paper on electrical installation standards and regulations in buildings in ASEAN countries. Ir. Yau also showcased events undertaken by AEI-EI.
Then Mr. Paul Loke from IEC, Asia Pacific, spoke on current initiatives carried out by IEC and the benefits of Standards to the industry and government. He highlighted the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) which involved 15 countries in the Asia Pacific region. On top of that, he went through the overview and structure of IEC 60364 Electrical Installations for Buildings, which is the Commission’s International Standard on electrical installations of buildings. This Standard is an attempt to harmonise national wiring standards in an IEC standard and is published in the European Union by CENELEC as “HD 60364”. He also explained the overview and structure of IEC 60364 which consisted of several parts and a few subchapters. He ended his talk by explaining the application guides and parts complying with IEC 60364 as well as participation in this initiative by countries around the world. After this, Mr. Khin Maung Win from the Federation of Myanmar Engineering Society (Fed. MES) was to speak on Sustainable Energy in Myanmar. Unfortunately, he was not able to attend the event.
Figure 1: (From left) The Organising Chairman & Electrical Engineering Technical Division Chairman Director, Ir. Lee Chen Pay, the Director, Safety Regulation from ST, Ir. Md. Zakuan Ibrahim, the Guest of Honour, Ts. Abdul Razib Dawood, the then President of IEM, Ir. Ong Chin Loon, the Regional Director (IEC Asia-Pacific Regional Centre) at IEC, Mr. Dennis Chew and the Head Commissioner of AER and Chairman of AEI-EI and Standing Committee on Activities Chairman, Ir. Yau Chau Fong
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Prof. Saifur Rahman, President-Elect of The Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers and Director of Virginia Tech Advanced Research Institute in the United States of America delivered an interesting fifth keynote address, titled Role of the Smart Grid in Facilitating the Integration of Renewables, in a pre-recorded video. He explained the evolution of smart grid technology from the definition of smart grid and the difference between a normal and a smart grid as well as the merging of the power flow with information flow. Besides that, he talked about issues with distributed generation of renewable energy which is essentially required for the integration of renewables. His presentation also clarified some facts on wind and solar energy.
Figure 2: Ts. Abdul Razib Dawood, Chief Executive Officer of ST speaking at the launch of the event
about the electrical accident rate due to non-compliant products in the market. He then highlighted the importance of using approved products and having third-party inspections. He reiterated the benefits of Testing, Inspection & Certification, market compliance and the factors that impact product safety andDayperformance.2started with a session on Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure with the subtitle, Electrical Standards Build Resilient Electrical Infrastructure.
inspectionHeaTesting,InternationalcitiestheSmartHeenabled-and-sustainabletechnologically-infrastructure.alsosharedviewsontheMalaccaCityproject.Finally,hedescribedinteroperabilityapproachinsmartinordertoenhancetheroleofStandards.Ts.LimSaiSeongtalkedaboutInspection&CertificationforSafeandSustainableCommunity.explainedthebenefitsoftesting,andcertificationandtalked
The final two talks for the day were presented by Ir. Ts. Mohd Iqbal Ridwan from Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) and Ts. Lim Sai Seong from The Electrical & Electronics Association of Malaysia (TEEAM). Ir. Ts. Mohd Iqbal’s presentation, titled International Standards as Key Enabler for Sustainable Smart Cities: A Malaysian Perspective, outlined the Overview and Standards of Smart Cities Enhancing the Role of International Standards and TNB’s Smart City solutions. He presented the idea of a sustainable smart city and discussed the Standards of smart city requirements and ways to enhance the role of International Standards. He explained how the smart city concept worked and the initiatives currently being undertaken by TNB. He said there were a number of definitions of what made a city “smart”, such as the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) definition of “a city that makes optimal use of all interconnected information available today to better understand and control its operations and to optimise the use of limited resources”. In short, a smart city uses a framework of information and communication technologies to create, deploy and promote development practices to address urban challenges and to create a joint
Figure 3: Ts. Abdul Razib Dawood and Ir. Ong Chin Loon visiting the exhibition booths
Next, Dr Tran Son Tranh from Electric Power University, Vietnam, spoke on Solar Roof Top and Dr Florigo C. Varona from Philippine Technological Council on Energy Efficiency. In his talk on solar energy potential in Vietnam, Dr Son Tranh explained the policies to promote solar energy and results of these initiatives. He also talked about electrical
SEPTEMBER 2022 FEATURE JURUTERA • THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA 26
Next to speak was Dato’ Ir. Muhamad Guntor Mansor Tobeng from Malaysian Photovoltaic Industry Association, who talked about renewable energy and incentive programmes, highlighting the potential of rooftop solar systems. He conveyed the Feed-in Tariff (FiT) concept, tying it to the Renewable Energy Act 2011 in Malaysia. He touched on the potential of renewable energy as well as the demand from the commercial and industrial sectors. In addition, he presented the technical challenges with regards to the solar penetration limit in the peninsula. This was followed by Mr. Houmphanh Vongphachanh from the Ministry of Energy & Mines, Laos, who spoke on renewable energy in his country and the Laotian government’s efforts in utilising renewable energy. He introduced the power sector policy and strategy in Laos and presented the status of renewable energy and some of the challenges faced by his country.
Dr Varona talked about electricity suppliers in The Philippines who were registered under The Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA).
The last speaker for this session was Ir. Lee Yuen How from The Institution of Engineering & Technology (IET). His topic was Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Infrastructure and Standards in Malaysia. He enlightened participants on EV and its associated types and, apart from discussing the different types of charging modes and chargers in the market, he also spoke on the current sales of EV or Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) in Malaysia, the number of public EV chargers, charging modes and comparison of Alternating Current and Direct Current Chargers. He talked about the high-power DC charger station projects in Malaysia which will be completed by Shell and Porsche in a joint venture. The EV landscape is rapidly shifting as both technology and interest grow, so there will definitely be many more such vehicles in the future.
The next session was on Affordable & Clean Energy with a subtitle on Policies to Ensure Access to Affordable and Reliable Energy – Renewable Energy. It started with the sixth keynote address by Ir. Mohd Zamri Laton from Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA). He presented the purpose of SEDA and statistics on renewable energy in the country, touching on the National Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy and Cumulative Renewable Energy. He also talked about policies, acts and incentives on renewable energy, which included the Renewable Energy Act 2011 and Net Energy Metering 3.0.
Mr. Prasitt Hemwarapornchai from the Engineering Institute of Thailand (EIT) talked about Data Centre and Standards in Thailand. He presented the Standards for the data centre that had been adopted, highlighting the EIT 02 2012-16 which was the Data Centre Standard for Thailand and Certification. He talked about facility types 0 to 4.
The last speaker was Ir. Chin Lee Tuck from Pertubuhan Ukur Jurutera dan Arkitek (PUJA), whose topics were Medical Design in Covid-19 Situation in Brunei and the Standard PBD 12-2017: Part IX: Clause 258 on electrical installation requirements. He presented on Electrical Installation Requirement (EIR), a document that guided the designer/installer of electrical systems and the operation of electrical plants and installations.
SEPTEMBER 2022FEATURE THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA 27 The BH Girder is an innovative and enhanced version of PSC Girder that utilizes the Bulb-T shape integrated with Half Slab which enables it to be applied over a span of longer than 60m. By adopting the latest cutting-edge technologies and innovati on, the BH Gir der has been designed to achieve the ultimate goals of “ Cost Effectiveness ”, “ Rapid Construction”, “Aesthetics” and “Safety”. ● Maximization of prestressing efficiency ● Minimization of prestressing friction loss Efficiency ● Reduction of substructure cost ● Reduction of slab cost by half slab girder ● Omission of deck slab form work and s hori ng work by half slab girder ● Shorter construction period ● Design computations and analysis ● Construction drawings ● Material and c onstruction specifications ● Cost estimates ● Technical advice and c onstruction assistance ADVANTAGES Economics Constructability Straight Tendon ► Friction loss can be minimized Bulb T Shape ►Structural efficiency can be optimized Half Slab ►Integrated slab girder for improving constructability Intermediate Tendon ► Maximization of prestress ng efficiency Enhancement of Aesthetics ► Stream lined shape NEHEMIAH TOWOONG BRIDGETECH SDN BHD. No. 45-3, Jalan PJU 5/20, The Strand, Kota Damansara 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Tel : 012 218 6693( Tan CC) Tel : 603 6142 6638 Fax : 603 6142 6693 Email : tancc@nehemiah-grp.com Email : enquiry@nehemiah-grp.com BH PROFESSIONALADVANTAGESGIRDERSERVICESApartnershipof (Free of charge) BH Girders (60m long) launched on double decker portal piers at Setiawangsa Pantai Expressway
The final session for the event, Good Health & Well Being, encompassed a forum on Electrical Standard for Special Locations. This session had a total of three topics. The first was by Prof. Ir. Dr Fatimah Ibrahim from IEM on Standards for Special Locations in Malaysia. She presented on the IEC Standard for low voltage electrical and electronic equipment or systems for healthcare facilities. She also touched on IEC 60364-7-710 and MS 1525 regarding Standards for medical locations and energy efficiency as well as classification of medical locations.
Fo r o th er qu anti ty a nd mater ial, pl ease c on tact : Joseph Ho w (+6) 011 1234 818 1 S hirle y T ha m (+6) 016 283 301 3 Print S er vice ro mot ionro mot io n F lyer / Lea f le t Art P aper (F ull Color ) 500pc s RM130 1000pc s RM160 A4 105 g sm 500pc s RM160 1000pc s RM190 128 g sm 500pc s RM100 1000pc s RM130 A5 105 g sm 500pc s RM130 1000pc s RM160 128 g sm MOCKUPFLYER Lorem Ipsum is a pseudo-Latin text used n web design, typography, typesetting and printing instead of English to emphasize design elements over content.
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SEPTEMBER 2022FEATURE THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA 29 For enquiry please contact: CRIB TECHNOLOGIES SDN BHD (564096-A), ARE WALL (M) SDN BHD (542608-W) No. 28-2, Jalan Setia Utama AS U13/AS, Setia Alam, Sek U13, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Tel: +603-3359 1227 (Hunting Line) Fax: +603-3358 7392 Email: Website:groadesb@yahoo.comhttp://www.ctsbare.com
Upcoming Activities
Venue : Wisma IEM Approved
Date - 7 September 2022 (Tuesday - Wednesday) 8.30 a.m. - 5.30 p.m. CPD Hj. Shahul Ikram bin Hj. Adnan Virtual 1-Day Course on “Project Scheduling using ProjectLibre” (Rescheduled from 11 June 2022)
: 14.5 Speaker : Ir.
Date : 6 September 2022 (Tuesday) Time : 9.00 a.m. - 5.00 p.m. Venue : Digital Platform Approved CPD : 6.5 Speaker : Ir. Assoc Prof. Dr Abang Annuar Ehsan Virtual 2-Day Course on “Project Management for New Product Development (NPD)”
The organising chairman then thanked all participants, supporters and the IEM Secretariat for making the event a success. He recorded his appreciation to the speakers who shared their knowledge and said he believed everyone had benefitted from their talks. It was without a doubt that the two-day event was a much-awaited affair, especially after the lockdown. Not only did participants receive a wellrounded perspective from all the speakers but it was also a good networking session, especially for those who attended the event physically.
a.m. - 5.00 p.m. Venue : Digital Platform Approved CPD : 13 Speaker : Assoc. Prof. Dr Abd Rahman Abdul Rahim Webinar on Moving to the Cloud: Benefits and Risks Date : 10 September 2022 (Saturday) Time : 11.30 a.m. - 1.30 p.m. Venue : Digital Platform Approved CPD : 2 Speaker : Ts. Dr Chin Ji Jian Webinar Panel Session “Continuing Career Development (Professional) in Oil, Gas & Mining Industry” (Digital Platform) Date : 10 September 2022 (Saturday) Time : 9.00 a.m. - 11.00 a.m. Venue : Digital Platform Approved CPD : 2 Speakers : Ir. Lee Chang Quan : Dr Mohd Hazizan Mohd Hashim : Ir. Al-Khairi Mohd Daud : Ir. Razmahwata Razalli
Date : 8 - 9 September 2022 (Thursday - Friday) Time : 9.00
2-Day Course
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on Malaysian Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (MyCESMM2)
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Dr.Surendra Keshav Manjrekar, Sunanda SpecialityCoatings Pvt Ltd,
Thailand
Professor
Ir.
Oman
Professor Kiang HweeTan, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Professor P. A. Muhammed Basheer, University of Leeds, UK Emad Gad, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia A.Prof. Dr. VooYen Lei, Dura Technology, Malaysia SomnukTangtermsirikul, Thammasat University,
Professor
Prof Khalifa S Al-Jabri, Sultan Qaboos University, Keynote
CONCET2022 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCRETE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Innovation and Resilience in Concrete Construction5-8December2022 I VirtualVisiteventwww.concet2022.com for details ConferenceSppartnersonsorship and exhibition packages available
Written and Prepared by: H eld on 26 March 2022 (Saturday) at 11:30 a.m., a webinar on ISO 13485:2016 - Insights Into the Role of an Engineer was attended by 39 participants. It was organised by the Healthcare & Biomedical Engineering Working Group under the Electrical Engineering Technical Division (EETD) of IEM.
Basically, ISO 13485:2016 Medical Devices - Quality management systems – Requirements states the regulatory requirements of a quality management system for an organisation to demonstrate its ability to provide medical devices and related services that consistently meet the requirements as stated in the standard. There is a similar Malaysian Standard, MS ISO 13485:2017 Medical Devices - Quality management systems - Requirements that complements and supplements the ISO 13485 standard; details of the standard are available on the official ISO website.Thetalks were delivered by Encik Mohamad Fauzi Mohd Idris, Head of Operations/Auditor at Medivice Certification Sdn. Bhd. and Ir. Shamila Ariaratnam, a Freelance Healthcare & Biomedical Engineering Consultant, Trainer and Auditor. Safety and quality are non-negotiable in the medical devices industry due to, among others, the wide-scale public impact and the subsequent legal liabilities. Therefore, the Malaysian regulatory authority has to be very stringent in the production of medical devices as well as services and delivery. ISO 13485 implicitly requires that engineers understand their role in the life-cycle of the medicalHealthcaredevice.industry engineers are expected to exercise discretion and judgement when applying the relevant regulatory requirements accordingly while understanding their level of responsibility towards the safety of the device. This includes having the adequate reporting requirements via their commitment towards the standards implied quality management system (QMS). Any organisation involved in one or more stages of the life-cycle of the medical device(s), including design Ir. Shamila Ariaratnam and development, production, storage, distribution, installation, servicing and/or any associated activities (e.g. technical support), is required to be ISO 13485 compliant. Furthermore, ISO 13485 can be applicable to suppliers and external parties that provide the medical products, including medical device related quality management system services to any organisation.
Encik Fauzi focused on the clauses from the standard and the corresponding requirements as well as the systems engineering aspects. Systems engineering encompasses a team which deals with the design and development through to the disposal of a medical device. Systems are generally defined as a complex collection of people, technology, resources and procedures which works together to solve a problem or achieve a goal. Complex products such as medical devices have a multitude of various systems which interact with each other, sometimes in intricate and complex manners. A healthcare industry engineer’s role can vary from quality control, quality assurance, incoming inspection, outgoing inspection, design and development, production, maintenance, after sales support and procurement. This list is not exhaustive since the manufacturing of medical devices is itself complex in nature, involving intricate processes that evolve over time and demanding human expertise. So it is important to be involved as a team from the beginning of the medical device life-cycle until the finalIr.activity.Shamila talked on just one sub-clause which was on the validation of processes in the production and service of medical equipment provision. In general, validation is defined as the “confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirements for a specific intended use or an application have been fulfilled” [ISO 9001:2015]. ISO 13485 has references to ISO 9000:2015 and the latter focuses on processes. If both standards are combined, a process can be defined as a “set of interrelated or interacting activities that use inputs to deliver an Ir. Ts. S. Vignaeswaran
ISO13485:201632
- Insights into the Role of an Engineer
SEPTEMBER 2022 FORUM JURUTERA • THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL DIVISION
Figure 1: Ir. Shamila and Encik Fauzi answering questions from participants
No.Office:17-2, Jalan Tasik Utama 8, Medan Niaga Tasik Damai, 57000 Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur. Tel : 03-9055 3010 (Hunting Line) Fax : 03-9055 3101 / 3121 Website : www.hitecmetal.com.my E-mail : enquiry@hitecmetal.com.my Special Features of HITEC METAL PEB Framing System Upcoming Activities WEBINAR - Half Day Seminar on “Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Asset and Facilities – Optimizing Investment on Asset Life Cycle through Crisis” Date : 12 September 2022 (Monday) Time : 9:00 a.m. - 1:30 p.m. Venue : Digital Platform Approved CPD : 4 Speaker : Ir. Assoc. Prof. Dr Mohd. Fairullazi Ayob WEBINAR Talk on “Geomechanical Correlation of Subsurface Deformation Induced by Tunnel Excavation for KVMRT, Malaysia” Date : 15 September 2022 (Thursday) Time : 4.00 p.m. - 6.00 p.m. Venue : Digital Platform Approved CPD : 2 Speaker : Ir. Dr Hj. Ahmad Shukri bin Hj. Abd Rashid
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • intended result”. Therefore, it becomes clear that ISO 13485 implies a process validation that provides a confirmation that a process leads to the intended deliverables by objective evidence. ISO 13485:2016 requires process validation under the following circumstances:
SEPTEMBER 2022FORUM ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL DIVISION
1. If the process of either a device production or a related service process outcome cannot be or is not verified, i.e. by means of measuring. 2. Defects of the process outcome will only be apparent when the product is being used or after the service has been rendered. If the above conditions prevail, then a process validation is required. To conclude, Ir. Shamila provided insights into overcoming difficulties in implementing the required validation processes. The talk lasted longer than expected due to the engaging questions from the participants. Figure 1 shows a picture taken during the Q&A session. However, most participants stayed online for the whole session as they found the Q&A session interesting.
JURUTERA 33
Bus iness Card - 54mm x 90m m 200p cs RM 40 300p cs RM 50 260 g sm 200p cs RM 50 300p cs RM 60 310 g sm Print S er vice ro mot ionro mot io n Fo r o th er qu anti ty a nd mater ial, pl ease c on tact : Joseph Ho w (+6) 011 1234 818 1 S hirle y T ha m (+6) 016 283 301 3
Ir. Shamila Ariaratnam
Figure 1: Comparison of Successful, Challenged and Failed Projects over a 5-year period, extracted from the CHAOS Report (Standish Group, 2015)
Table 1 shows that the number of successful projects had declined to 28.8% and challenged projects had risen to 52.4% from years 1994-2006 to years 2011-2015. Surprisingly the number of failed projects remained relativelyFigureunchanged.1showsthe Modern Resolution (on time, on budget, with a satisfactory result) for all Software Projects from 2011 to 2015. Successful projects hovered between 27% and 31% while challenged projects glided between 49% and 56% and failed projects floated between 17% andDeciphering22%. further, moderate and small project sizes tended to have higher successful percentages. Medium and moderate project sizes were more inclined to challenges while the large and medium project sizes tended to fail.
The Agile Manifesto is based on 12 principles (Beck et. al., 2001): Customer satisfaction, changing requirements, Table 1: Chaos Report Findings (Standish Group, 2008 and 2015)
Written and Prepared by: E lectrical Engineering and Project Management Technical Division jointly organised a 2-hour talk on Issues & Challenges on the Ground Impacting Agile-Hybrid Project Success on 21 May 2022 which was attended by 32 participants. The invited speaker was Dr Jay Sithambaram who recently moved into Project Management consulting and advisory and set up a project management office to conduct corporate training and provide services to key clients in AsiaPacific and the Middle East. The demand for success in agile projects requires serious attention in addressing its issues and challenges, besides merely implementing suitable agile methods. Literature presents a comprehensive discussion which does not accurately reflect the crucial challenges that the industries faced. Through a study involving 42 industry practitioners, 38 unique issues and challenges were captured and grouped into 4 broad categories of Organisation, People, Process and Technical. These issues and challenges were further mapped into a best practice framework to act as a guide in the management of agile hybrid projects. Proposed mitigation methods were also compiled and presented with the framework.
SEPTEMBER 2022FORUM ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL DIVISION THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA 35
A comparison of Successful, Challenged and Failed Projects between Agile and Waterfall Methods, extracted from the CHAOS Report (Standish Group, 2019) illustrated that successful project for Agile were 42% compared to 26% for Waterfall. Challenged projects for Agile were at 50% and Waterfall were 53% while failed projects Agile stood at 8% and Waterfall 21%.
Impacting Agile-Hybrid Project Success
The same study done in 2020 demonstrated successful and challenged projects were almost similar between 42% and 47% respectively with a decline in challenged projects compared to 2019 whereas the successful projects remained status quo. However, failed projects increased to 11%. On the other hand, Waterfall projects had a further decrease in successful projects to 13% while the challenged and failed project increased 59% and 28% respectively.
Issues & Challenges on the Ground
SEPTEMBER 2022 FORUM JURUTERA • THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL DIVISION36
The study employed 37 factors from literature reviews and 38 factors from ground theory. For the talk, only factors from the ground were discussed.
• Harmonious teamwork, continuous engagement and communication, with proper project closure activities.
• Manageable units of deliverables with a proper vendor management process.
• Independent and experienced agile team with staged implementation.
In summary, the following will help yield more successful projects:
frequent delivery, stakeholder harmony, motivated and trusted team, co-location of team members, working solution, sustainable development, technical excellence, managing work and simplicity simplicity, self-organising teams and adaptability to change.
• Project tracking and prioritisation with project status update and risk management.
• Establishing product ownership role with sufficient mirroring and backup for critical roles.
• Human Resource planning, skillset development and continuous learning environment.
• Customised fit-for-purpose method and established process understood by all stakeholders.
The participants with the following designations took part in the study: Agile Coach, Project Manager Consultant, Programme Manager, Project Director, Project Manager and Trainer. These originated from 20 countries and Malaysian participants contributed to the highest percentage. From the 38 factors, 2 were related to Technical, 6 to Organisation, 10 to People and finally the highest at 20 to Process.
• Organisational culture with executive and leadership support and business case with stakeholder agreement.
Figure 2: Comparison of Successful, Challenged and Failed Project by project size, extracted from the CHAOS Report (Standish Group, 2015)
# 2
While I cannot recall engineering professional ethics being taught as a subject, it is usually something that is learnt on the job, especially when a mishap occurs. These days, the Code of Ethics is akin to an ancient manuscript and an engineer is often ridiculed should he follow the code to a T. As I prepared for the exam, I started thinking on the importance/significance of the code or regulations, especially in the 21st Century. If I may say, today’s generation generally behaves as if it is the epitome of civilisation and that discoveries and rules of the past are not meant to be regarded.
J ohnny Depp won. Justice had been restored. That was the public perception as well as the verdict in the recent Johnny Depp vs Amber Heard defamation trial that got the world glued to the tube. A big fan of Depp’s, I followed the trial closely on a dailyMeanwhile,basis.
An accredited Adjudicator/Mediator for the Asian International Arbitration Centre (AIAC). He can be reached at ridz1189@gmail.com.
Written and Prepared by:
SEPTEMBER 2022 REFLECTIONS COLUMN JURUTERA • THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA
I was also preparing for my upcoming Professional Competency Examination. I was given a list of questions along with my interview invitation which would test my understanding of the Professional Engineer’s Code of Ethics & Regulations. I would have to answer 1 of 2 questions which the examiners would pick on the day of the examination. This was a compulsory portion of the exam and it included an oral interview as well.
Understanding38 the Importance of Professional Code of Ethics in Engineering Profession - the Minamata Case
Ts. Mohamad Ridzuan bin Abdahir and the consequences of not being ethical. It was based on the real story of the Chisso Corporation in Minamata which was involved in the making of liquid crystals and which was seen by Japan and by the world as a frontier for research and development in that area. Chisso had grown as a result of this but little did it know then that it would be paying a huge price for the detrimental effects caused by the mercury-tainted wastewater which it discharged into Minamata Bay and Shiranui Sea. Although it was already known that exposure to large quantities of toxic mercury was hazardous to all living things, the corporation did nothing to curb or filter the wastewater. Chisso was definitely aware of the impact of the mercurycontaminated water on fisheries, fishermen and humans living in the vicinity of the river but, blinded by the profits made, it dismissed the foreseeable consequences as relatively insignificant. After watching the movie, I raced to get my printed copy of the Professional Engineer Code of Ethics. The code or set of regulations teaches engineers to safeguard public safety at all times. It teaches us to identify and to declare conflict of roles. It teaches us to not take up a task if we are not competent. It teaches us to not act solely for personal gain or personal interest. It teaches us to uphold the dignity and integrity of our profession and more. According to official count, the Minamata disaster affected 2,265 lives (as at 2001) but unofficially, it was said to have impacted nearly 17,000 lives. Until today the residents there still suffer from the Minamata Disease which is attributed to the mercury-tainted wastewater discharge. If only Chisso and its engineers had adhered to the professional engineering Code of Ethics, those lives would not be lost. If only the engineers had advised the superiors in the company on the need to carry out proper wastewater
As I began to drown in my own quicksand of diaspora of thoughts on the matter, something came to mind, a moment from the Depp-Heard trial. During cross examination by Heard’s lawyers, Depp was asked about a “list of movies to come” for Depp. In his reply, he mentioned the movie Minamata. I watched the movie a week ago after I heard about it from the Depp trial. It was a powerful, far-reaching movie and, among many other issues, it addressed the topic of professional ethics
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As with all professions, the engineering discipline is one that is governed and regulated by a Code of Ethics to better protect the lives of engineers, the public and everyone related. I now realise that the Code of Ethics is not an impediment but rather, it’s a blessing.
Figure 1: Minamata movie poster showing Johnny Depp as photo-journalist Eugene Smith who exposed the injustices committed by the Chisso Corporation against the Minamata (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/population.Minamata_%28film%29)
Clients, with their endless obsession to maximise profit and minimise cost at any expense, may corner engineers into making the wrong decisions. If at first, these unethical decisions may seem inconsequential in the short term, they can cause danger to the public in the long run or worse, result in death. As such, during these trying moments of decision making, we must cherish and appreciate the Code of Ethics provided by the engineering institution as it serves as protection rather than an impingement. We should see it as the go-to tool for when we are being pressured to commit to ethical misconducts and as a tool of solace and assurance that we are protected for the decisions that we have to make. When we are being pushed or coerced into doing something unethical, we will, with the Code of Ethics, be able to tell our clients, contractors or even project consultants team members, that “our professional Code of Ethics does not permit us to do so” when we are pushed to the brink of the unethical. I used to think of the Code of Ethics as burdensome but now more than ever, I have begun to appreciate its importance and significance. With no disrespect to the medical profession, I would like to quote my father, a fellow engineer, who said: “When a doctor makes a mistake, he may be able to hide that mistake or, at most, have one life lost, but when an engineer makes a mistake you cannot hide it and it can result in thousands of lives lost”.
The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect those of The Institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM).
Having been in the industry for almost 12 years now, I realise now that we engineers are constantly pressured by circumstances to cut some slack or to turn a blind eye to some unethical requirement when we make decisions.
I hope that in the years to come, more engineers will adhere strictly to our Code of Ethics to avoid mishaps and misfortunes happening to the public .
I would like to end with a quote (from Johnny Depp’s Instagram post, 2 June 2022) after Depp’s win as it reflected his professionalism and ethical approach to life. He said: “From the very beginning, the goal of bringing this case was to reveal the truth, regardless of the outcome. Speaking the truth was something that I owed to my children and to all those who had remained steadfast in their support of me. I feel at peace knowing I have finally accomplished that.”
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SEPTEMBER 2022NEWS FROM BRANCH THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA 41
IEMNS Award & Appreciation Dinner
Figure 1: (From left) Ir. Shahrin, Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por, Ir. Chong Chee Yen, Ir. Ong Chin Loong, Ir. Prof. Dr Norlida, Dato Seri Haji Aminuddin bin Harun, Datin Sri Hajah Wan Hasni binti Wan Yusof, Ir. Arthirah, Teo Kok Seong (NS Exco), Ir. Richard Khoo, Ir. Kanna and Ir. Prem Kumar
Figure 2: Representatives from other branches
Also present were IEM President Ir. Prof. Dr Norlida binti Buniyamin, Immediate Past President Ir. Ong Ching Loon, Deputy President Ir. Prof. Dr Jeffrey Chiang Choong Luin, Vice President Ir. Mohd. Khir bin Muhammad, Hon. Secretary Ir. Prof. Dr Zuhaina, IEM COO Janet Lim and representatives from branches including Melaka, Miri, Penang, Perak and Southern (Figure 2). Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por At the dinner, IEMNS Chairman Ir. Chong Chee Yen presented an Industry Award to Matrix Concept Holding Bhd. for engaging best engineering practices in the construction sector (Figure 3). The theme this year was Engineer’s Engagement in the Recovery of Economy. In his speech, Dato Seri Haji Aminuddin said the state government had designed various programmes to help revive the economy after the pandemic. The efforts yielded results with over RM6 billion investments recorded during the first half of 2022. Engineers are important human resources to design, construct, develop and operate industries. Their roles will drive the economy. Dato Seri Haji Aminuddin also thanked IEMNS for continuously organising technical seminars and visits. Even the pandemic did not stop IEMNS from conducting online technical talks and discussions. Lastly, he expressed gratitude to IEMNS, especially its Immediate Past Chairman Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por, for providing funds to purchase food baskets for distribution to needy families during the pandemic. During the event, a live band entertained diners with fine music and songs. In addition, the Menteri Besar’s wife and Dr Oh took turns to give away 25 lucky draw prizes to winners (Figure 4).
Figure 3: IEMNS presented an Industry Award to Matrix Concept Holding Bhd. Figure 4: One of the Lucky Draw prize winners
Written and Prepared by: A s the Covid-19 crisis moved to the endemic stage, The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan Branch (IEMNS) resumed its Biennial Award & Appreciation Dinner on 6 August 2022 at d’Tempat Country Club, Sendayan. Negeri Sembilan Menteri Besar Dato Seri Haji Aminuddin bin Harun was the guest of honour. Joining him were State Exco Tuan Teo Kok Seong, Mayor of Seremban City as well as directors of JKR, JPS and SAINS (Figure 1). There were 350 guests, comprising engineers, contractors, developers, industry leaders, government officers, academicians, students and business associates.
Engineering Engineering
93571
KEJURUTERAAN
59896
37914 YAU
KEJURUTERAAN
27315 SHOW
PERMOHONAN BARU / PERPINDAHAN MENJADI AHLI KORPORAT Nama Kelayakan ELEKTRIKAL HO CHEE WAI BE HONS (USM) (ELECTRICAL, 2012) MEKANIKAL CHUAN SIM BE HONS (MALAYA) (MECHANICAL, 2008) PROSES PAU LOKE BE HONS (UPM) (PROCESS & FOOD, 2010) (UPM) (BIOPROCESS, 2012) BARU / PERPINDAHAN MENJADI AHLI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN Nama Kelayakan
AhliNo.
PhD
PERPINDAHAN AHLI AhliNo. Nama Kelayakan KEJURUTERAAN AWAM 18392 CHAN
KEJURUTERAAN AWAM 38707 LEE YUN FOOK BE HONS (UTM) (CIVIL, 2003) MSc (UTM) MANAGEMENT,PhDMANAGEMENT)(CIVIL-ENVIRONMENTAL(UTM)(PROCESSPLANT2016) SEPTEMBER 2022TEMUDUGA PROFESSIONAL THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA 43 SENARAI PENDERMA KEPADA WISMA DANA BANGUNAN IEM Institusi mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua yang telah memberikan sumbangan kepada tabung Bangunan Wisma IEM. Ahli-ahli IEM dan pembaca yang ingin memberikan sumbangan boleh berbuat demikian dengan memuat turun borang di laman web IEM http://www.iem.org.my atau menghubungi secretariat di +603-7968 4001 / 5518 untuk maklumat lanjut. Senarai penyumbang untuk bulan Julai 2022 adalah seperti jadual di bawah: NO. NO. AHLI NAMA 1 21289 MR. AINUL AZHAR BIN MOHD. JEMONER 2 80677 MR. RAJA ANDIFARIZAN RAJA AHMAD 3 14337 MS. LIM YUEK LUH 4 18540 Ir. RAMENDRAN S/O ULAGANATHAN 5 37019 MR. HUSSIEN BIN JUHARI 6 14639 Ir. SAIFUL BAHRI BIN SHARIF 7 21440 MR. MOHD BAHARUDDIN BIN TAJUDIN 8 24891 MR. ROSHAN A/L THAMARAKSHAN 9 13215 Ir. LIM CHEE KOK 10 3902 Ir. AB. MAJID BIN AZIZ 11 21285 Ir. NG WENG LIANG 12 21581 MR. LAW YAN CHEE 13 13254 MR. LIM JOO PERNG 14 20117 MR. MOHD. YUSOF BIN AHMAD 15 12809 Ir. DR MOHD SABRI BIN ABDULLAH 16 20719 MR. SU LAY CHIEW 17 42504 MR. SATHIAMOORTHY A/L KANTHASAMY 18 36316 MR. WONG YONG MING Pengumuman yang ke-166
Tarikh: 10 Ogos 2022 Kepada Semua Ahli, SENARAI CALON-CALON YANG LAYAK MENDUDUKI TEMUDUGA PROFESIONAL / PENILAIAN KOMPETENSI
MOHD TAHA BIN SUMAN BE HONS (UTM) (CIVIL, 2010)
MOHD SHAMSUL ARIFFIN BIN RAMLI BE HONS (QUEENSLAND) (MECHANICAL, 2010) / PERPINDAHAN MENJADI AHLI KORPORAT Nama Kelayakan NASERI BE HONS (UiTM) (ELECTRONICS, 2012) KOK KENG BE HONS (USM) (CIVIL, 1999) HUI CHING BE HONS (UNIMAS) (CIVIL, 2009) TITUS BE HONS (UNIMAS) (CIVIL, 2009) HONS (KLiUC) (CIVIL, 2011) (NOTTINGHAM) (CIVIL, 2016) (CIVIL & CONSTRUCTION, 2016) HONS (NANYANG) (CIVIL, 1999) MSc (NANYANG) (INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT, 2004) SOH BE HONS (USM) (CIVIL, 2016) HAZRUL FAEZ BIN RAHIAM BE HONS (UTHM) (CIVIL, 2011) IKRAM BIN MOHAMED KHAIR BE HONS (UTHM) (CIVIL, 2013) QAYYUM BIN AMRAN BE HONS (UiTM) (INFRASTRUCTURE),(CIVIL2014) ENG KHAI BE HONS (UNITEN) (CIVIL, 2011) KHEAN SIANG BE HONS (EAST LONDON) (CIVIL, 2011) ME (UTM) (CIVIL - STRUCTURE, 2015) KIM SING BE HONS (USM) (CIVIL, 2017) AZIZI BIN KADER BE HONS (UTP) (CIVIL, 2011) A/L GURUSAMY ECE PART III (ENGINEERING COUNCIL UK) (1999) MSc (UKM) (MICROELECTRONIC, 2000) PhD (UKM) (ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC & SYSTEMS, 2009)
Ahli Korporat yang mempunyai bantahan terhadap mana-mana calon yang didapati tidak sesuai untuk menduduki Temuduga Profesional, surat bantahan boleh dikemukakan kepada Setiausaha Kehormat, IEM. Surat bantahan hendaklah dikemukakan sebulan dari tarikh penerbitan dikeluarkan. Ir. Prof. Dr Zuhaina binti Zakaria Setiausaha Kehormat, IEM
KEJURUTERAAN TEKNOLOGIS TAHUN 2022
KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK MOHD SAIFUL BIN
89475 HANG KAH JOON BE
30152 TAN
113105
PERMOHONAN BARU
100877 NURFADZILAH BINTI AHMAD BE HONS (UiTM) (ELECTRICAL, 2010) PhD (UiTM) (ELECTRICAL, 2015)
AhliNo.
70316 GREGORY
94375 TEH
65301 MOHAMAD
45224 WIRA
KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIKAL 64532 LAKSHMANAN
PERMOHONAN
Nama Kelayakan
23201 LIM CHEE SENG BE
KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL AHMAD SYAFIQ HAQIM BIN SARIP BE HONS (UNIMAS) (MECHANICAL & MANUFACTURING, 2013) MEKATRONIK CHIA KOK SIANG BE HONS (UTAR) (MECHATRONICS, 2011)
KEJURUTERAAN
MUHAMAD AZRULANUAR BIN ZAKARIA BE HONS (UTM) (CIVIL, 2006)
48454 CHIA
67014 THAI
NUR HANIS BINTI HASSAN BE HONS (UiTM (CIVIL, 2010)
101973 LAI SHI JIAN ME HONS
CONSTRUCTION
IZHAM BIN ASHAB@IZHAB BE HONS (UTM) (CIVIL, 2000)
HAZLAN BIN ABDUL RAHMAN BE HONS (UKM) (CIVIL & STRUCTURE, 2000) HEMANG YU ABIT BE HONS (UTM) (CIVIL, 2003)
101925 NADIA ZAHIRAH BINTI ABD RAJIED BE HONS (CURTIN) (ELECTRICAL POWER, 2009)
PERMOHONAN BARU / PERPINDAHAN MENJADI AHLI KORPORAT
KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK 25879 NGU SZE SONG BE HONS (MMU) (ELECTRONICS, 2003) ME (ADELAIDE) (ELECTRICAL, 2004) PhD (GLASGOW) (ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS, 2014)
KEJURUTERAAN AWAM ALVONNA @ FARHANAH JAMMY BE HONS (UiTM) (CIVIL, 2007) ME (UTM) (CIVIL, 2019)
KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIKAL AHMADUL HADI MUHAMMAD BIN IBRAHIM BE HONS (UNITEN) (ELECTRICAL POWER, 2007) MARK TAN SZE TIEN BE (QUEENSLAND) (MECHANICAL, 2015)
KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
112336 LIM YANG
54418 MUHAMMAD
KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA 50757 LEE SHIAW JIEN BE HONS (CURTIN) (CHEMICAL, 2007)
KEJURUTERAAN
101993 LAU CZE HIENG, BRYAN BE HONS
Berikut adalah senarai calon yang layak untuk menduduki Temuduga Profesional bagi tahun 2022. Mengikut Undang-Undang Kecil IEM, Seksyen 3.8, nama-nama seperti tersenarai berikut diterbitkan sebagai calon-calon yang layak untuk menjadi Ahli Institusi, dengan syarat bahawa mereka lulus Temuduga Profesional tahun Sekiranya2022.terdapat
37095 MOHD
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